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HOPE ON THE HORIZON
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00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:43,880
All of them have a dream and a hope
to go somewhere…
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00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:47,040
and to achieve this dream.
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00:02:53,480 --> 00:02:57,120
Most of them are young people,
which is very sad.
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00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:02,280
Before, it was 30, 35-year-olds,
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00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:06,720
but now children are coming,
from four to 17 years old.
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{\an8}This is a great sadness,
an enormous plague for Eritrea…
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{\an8}DR. ALGANESH FESSAHA
GANDHI NPO
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{\an8}…and for the others too,
because it makes us all powerless.
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00:03:16,320 --> 00:03:19,880
We don't know what to do anymore.
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Ethiopia has always been a welcoming land
towards refugees.
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It's the cradle of humanity
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00:03:33,720 --> 00:03:36,160
where they discovered
the first human skeleton.
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{\an8}Today it's known as the land
of Christianity in Africa.
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{\an8}MONSIGNOR MUSIE GHEBREGHIORGHIS
EPARCH OF EMDIBIR
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Deacon Phillip baptized the eunuch
of the Queen of Ethiopia
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in the year 37 A.D.
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When peace is missing, people try to flee
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to where they can find peace.
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00:04:04,920 --> 00:04:07,000
At this time, around…
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00:04:08,800 --> 00:04:12,720
700,000 refugees are in Ethiopia.
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00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:19,839
They come from Eritrea, from South Sudan,
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from Somalia, from different nations
surrounding Ethiopia,
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00:04:26,280 --> 00:04:30,000
and Ethiopia has always been
a welcoming nation.
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TO MAI AINI REFUGEE CAMP
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This is Mai Aini's main entrance,
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the second refugee camp,
which has 11,500 refugees.
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00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:28,040
In this camp,
we carried out many projects.
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UNHCR gives 15 kg of wheat.
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Sometimes it gives oil, salt and sugar,
but that's rare.
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00:06:41,920 --> 00:06:47,040
To integrate, refugees create small jobs,
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like opening a restaurant, a café.
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All these 11,800 refugees are Eritrean.
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00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:13,600
They're all Eritrean,
this is an Eritrean camp.
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00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:17,000
There are five Eritrean refugee camps
in Ethiopia.
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00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:18,960
The first is Shimelba,
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00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:23,840
the second is Mai Aini,
the third is Mai-tsabri,
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00:07:23,920 --> 00:07:26,520
the fourth is Hitsats
and the fifth Endabaguna,
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00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:31,240
which serves as a sorting camp
for children
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00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:33,480
and for those who arrive…
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who are then allocated to the other camps.
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They might stay five years, seven years.
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00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:46,200
It depends on the resettlement,
relocation to a third country.
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00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:49,920
They are on a list,
if it comes they'll go.
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00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:54,480
They left their family, their parents,
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wife and children, husband and children.
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00:08:00,040 --> 00:08:03,880
They left so much,
they left their history.
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This is where UNHCR hangs
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all the information on resettlement.
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People come here to read,
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00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:36,720
and then they know whether they're called
from UNHCR's office.
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00:08:39,039 --> 00:08:45,520
Out of these houses,
we built 50 for vulnerable women.
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00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:51,880
When they arrived,
they had been raped and tortured
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00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:54,160
and we created these houses for them.
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00:08:56,480 --> 00:08:59,800
This way up, there is an Orthodox church.
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00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:02,720
Then there's a Catholic church,
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and then there's a mosque further down.
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00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:44,520
I lived in here for two, three years.
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These are the rooms.
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These beds are made
of concrete and terracotta.
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Hard, they're definitely good
for your back!
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There's a toilet that way.
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This has been my shelter for…
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00:10:03,520 --> 00:10:06,360
three, four years I'd say.
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00:11:41,800 --> 00:11:46,200
This is Association Gandhi's headquarter
in Mai Aini camp.
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00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:51,960
What is being unloaded now
is food for children.
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00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:58,080
Here, we have more than 850 children
from three to six years old.
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00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:01,760
We cook one meal a day for them.
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00:12:01,840 --> 00:12:04,680
We prepare them before school,
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it's a pre-scholar nourishment.
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00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:10,400
Many children have their parents,
others don't,
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some are with their grandma,
their uncles and so on.
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They are minors, they are little,
some of them unaccompanied.
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We've been here for more than ten years,
nearly 11.
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AT THE ENDABAGUNA
RECEPTION CENTRE
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These are people who have just arrived.
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They have nothing,
they look scared, fearful…
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because they have walked
for about three days and a half
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00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:05,120
to get to the border and to be accepted.
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The youngest child is seven months old.
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00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:41,080
The oldest one is four years old,
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so from seven months old
to four years old.
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You can tell from their faces
that they are tired, exhausted,
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but you can also see a burst of hope
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that someone might help them
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and understand their suffering.
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00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:13,440
This one is 12 years old.
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Eleven years old.
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Eleven years old.
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Fourteen years old.
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00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:23,960
They had to escape
to evade doing military service.
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00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:26,960
They arrived on their own,
without any parents.
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They escaped.
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00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:35,240
He says that for most of them,
their families don't know where they are.
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00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:38,720
He said that they saw him running
to escape.
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But they don't know where they are.
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00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:43,240
They are tired and exhausted,
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because they've hardly had anything
to eat or drink for two days.
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He is six years old,
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he also escaped on his own.
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Nearly all of them escaped on their own.
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00:17:06,839 --> 00:17:08,839
He said that he escaped
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00:17:08,920 --> 00:17:14,000
and his parents,
informed by the farmers who were there,
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00:17:14,079 --> 00:17:16,119
tried to run after him.
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00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:18,960
It took nearly a week before he,
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alone, making slow progress,
stopped at the frontier…
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00:17:24,040 --> 00:17:26,760
in order not to be found by these farmers
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00:17:26,839 --> 00:17:30,240
who would have sent him back
or given him to the police,
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00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:33,560
and the police would have beaten him up.
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00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:36,120
They would have hurt him.
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I asked him, "What will your family do
now? Will they know where you are?"
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00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:45,280
And he says,
"I'm sure the military and the farmers
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will go and tell my relatives
that I've reached the border."
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00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:02,200
They all say they want to study.
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00:18:49,120 --> 00:18:51,880
TO THE CAMP OF UNACCOMPANIED
REFUGEE MINORS
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00:18:54,960 --> 00:18:58,040
In these five camps we have…
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00:18:58,120 --> 00:19:03,200
In some 7,000 and in others 13,000
or 12,000 people.
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00:19:03,840 --> 00:19:08,440
The sad thing I have noticed lately
in these…
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00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:12,800
I've been working here in Ethiopia
for nearly 17 years,
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00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:15,040
for refugee camps and refugees.
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00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:19,200
But I had never seen children arriving.
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00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:25,280
For the past three years,
I've been seeing children
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from four to 17 years old.
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00:19:27,720 --> 00:19:30,280
There has been a continuous flow
of youngsters.
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00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:34,560
And I ask myself,
"Who has remained in Eritrea?"
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00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:39,480
The other day I met a four-year-old girl,
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her name was Dahab.
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00:19:42,120 --> 00:19:43,400
And she told me…
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00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:46,760
She pulled my dress and said,
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00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:48,880
"Have you seen my mother?"
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00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:50,440
I told her, "No, I haven't seen her."
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00:19:50,520 --> 00:19:54,680
She said, "Take a picture of me.
Send it to my mum.
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00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:58,920
So that she'll see my picture
and will come look after me.
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00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:02,320
Because without her I can't sleep."
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00:20:03,320 --> 00:20:05,200
A four-year-old girl.
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00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:07,120
I asked her, "How did you come here?"
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00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:12,080
She said, "It's me, my brother
and my other brother. We were five.
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00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:18,320
My mother told us three to go ahead
to cross the border.
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00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:22,640
She remained behind
with the others.
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00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:26,920
We crossed, but she was arrested."
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00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:31,440
This girl was looking for her mother.
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00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,160
She was saying, "Please, find my mother,
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00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:38,320
because I can't sleep."
I asked her, "Where would you like to go?"
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00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:41,800
"I'd like to go to Europe."
"Why Europe?"
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00:20:41,880 --> 00:20:43,360
"Because I want to study."
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Four years old.
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00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:50,400
So if a four year-old comes
and tells me this…
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my desolation, sadness and anger increase.
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00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:19,480
He is going to show me his room.
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00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,320
One, two, three…
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00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:35,320
four? Four of them sleep here.
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00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:40,360
Six. Seven, eight!
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00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:47,440
Ah! He learned numbers in Italian
in Asmara, in Eritrea.
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00:21:58,160 --> 00:21:59,080
Hey!
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00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:29,480
I was born in Eritrea.
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00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:35,680
I am Eritrean.
I was born in Asmara, in a big family.
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00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:40,240
With a loving father
and an even more loving mother
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00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:43,720
who taught me the values of life,
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00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:48,240
and I thank them both.
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00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:54,760
They opened for me the road of love,
compassion, giving…
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and most of all of love.
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00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:04,680
I studied there, in Asmara,
I went to the pre-university college,
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00:23:04,760 --> 00:23:09,080
then I came to Italy
and went to the Cattolica.
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00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:12,520
I completed my studies
and then I went to India
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to study some ayurvedic medicine.
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00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:21,760
I worked for a big multinational.
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00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:27,000
At one point, during a journey to Sudan,
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I met five children.
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00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:32,440
I'm telling you
how I started this activity.
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00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:39,840
These five children
were five, six, seven, 13 years old.
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I saw them sitting on the ground,
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00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:45,440
and I asked them, "What are you doing?"
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They didn't answer me,
kept their head down,
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and ignored me,
they had entered a total mutism.
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00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:58,560
So I left. I came back the day after…
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00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:01,960
and I saw these five children again.
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00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:06,040
I stopped once again and asked,
"Can I help you?"
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00:24:06,120 --> 00:24:09,880
The oldest, who was about 13,
got up and said,
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00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:12,440
"No, we don't need any help."
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00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:16,560
And I asked him, "But how do you live?
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00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:19,280
Do you have a family?
How did you come here?"
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00:24:19,360 --> 00:24:26,040
"No, we escaped from Eritrea
because our houses were bombed."
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00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:28,160
I asked him, "Are you siblings?"
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00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:31,560
"No, we're not siblings, we met here."
187
00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:34,080
"So how do you live?"
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00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:40,000
And the oldest, who was speaking
on behalf of the others,
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00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:44,840
said, "Don't worry,
because I'm going to beg
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00:24:44,920 --> 00:24:46,840
in order for them to study."
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00:24:46,920 --> 00:24:50,040
"How can you do that?"
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00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:55,360
"I can do it. Because I am their father,
and their mother.
193
00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:58,200
Because we have no one left."
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00:24:59,120 --> 00:25:02,080
That was the spur for me.
195
00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:06,600
"You have nearly everything,
and you're complaining?"
196
00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:09,280
And you see the infinite generosity
197
00:25:09,360 --> 00:25:12,960
of a 13-year-old kid who is teaching you
198
00:25:13,560 --> 00:25:15,640
the values your parents had taught you,
199
00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:19,520
that you maybe had forgotten for a while.
"Wake up!"
200
00:25:19,600 --> 00:25:25,240
From then,
I started to take care of the children,
201
00:25:25,320 --> 00:25:27,720
we built a house for them,
202
00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:30,280
with the support of the Capuchin Friars.
203
00:25:30,360 --> 00:25:32,200
We made them study,
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00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:35,600
they all still live together.
205
00:25:36,120 --> 00:25:37,960
They finished the studies they wanted.
206
00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:40,600
One is a dentist,
the other is a carpenter,
207
00:25:40,680 --> 00:25:42,800
the other an electrician.
208
00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:45,960
They formed this big nuclear family
209
00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:48,440
and they help other children like them.
210
00:26:10,280 --> 00:26:14,560
From there, I started another path:
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00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:19,120
following my people, the Eritreans,
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00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:20,840
anywhere they are.
213
00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:24,280
The Sinai desert, in Egypt,
214
00:26:24,360 --> 00:26:27,000
in Sudan, in Tunisia,
215
00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:28,320
or in Libya.
216
00:26:30,240 --> 00:26:35,240
My first experience in this field,
in the Sinai, was when…
217
00:26:36,560 --> 00:26:38,680
they told me there were many Eritreans,
218
00:26:38,760 --> 00:26:41,040
and many Africans in general,
219
00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:43,760
who were in the state prisons.
220
00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:47,600
They were in Arish, Rafah, Azouli.
221
00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:50,600
In all these areas there were 15 prisons
222
00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:55,440
with more or less 300, 400 Africans.
223
00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:01,560
So I asked if I could go see them,
because I wanted to help them.
224
00:27:02,520 --> 00:27:06,360
The police allowed me
to enter the prisons,
225
00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:12,040
so I went in with a nun, Sister Muna,
who helped me.
226
00:27:12,120 --> 00:27:15,800
We brought food, clothes, medicines.
227
00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:22,280
Then we said, "We need to do something
to take them out."
228
00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:25,280
We asked the Ethiopian government
for permission,
229
00:27:25,360 --> 00:27:27,320
who generously granted us
230
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:31,240
to bring them to Ethiopia as refugees.
231
00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:36,320
They still grant permits
232
00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:39,360
to come… to Ethiopia,
233
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:41,640
and then they are sent to refugee camps
234
00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:44,680
so that they are out of prisons,
235
00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:47,560
away from disease and suffering.
236
00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:54,400
We freed in total nearly 8,500 people.
237
00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:59,320
Various donors chipped in,
because flights are expensive.
238
00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:42,760
We are Eritreans, we are all Eritreans.
239
00:29:44,560 --> 00:29:48,440
All of us, men and women.
240
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:53,480
The reason for the frustration
which brought us…
241
00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:57,800
to cross the country,
is the lack of rules and laws.
242
00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:04,760
People in our country have no power.
243
00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:09,320
That is why many abandon their homes
and flee the country.
244
00:30:09,960 --> 00:30:16,800
I'm really happy you welcomed me this way,
245
00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:20,600
and I'm going to tell you calmly
all I have to say.
246
00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:25,200
Our people know the rules and the laws
of our country.
247
00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:30,800
But if we say inconvenient things,
we are eradicated like bad grass
248
00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:34,200
and thrown into prisons,
where many people have ended up.
249
00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:37,120
Youngsters have been brought
to a place called Sawa,
250
00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:38,760
forced and beaten up.
251
00:30:39,360 --> 00:30:42,000
They took them away
without informing their parents.
252
00:30:42,080 --> 00:30:43,600
This is what happened
253
00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:45,840
and this is why we were eradicated
and forced to escape.
254
00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:48,080
We can't fight against this situation,
255
00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:51,200
because it can't be resolved or changed
with some kind of fight.
256
00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:54,080
People preferred to leave the country.
257
00:30:54,160 --> 00:30:57,440
Those people you've seen, they've never
stolen nor committed any crime.
258
00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:01,360
But they had to flee their country
for this reason.
259
00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:04,720
When we come to neighbouring countries,
like Somalia and Ethiopia,
260
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:07,000
they often ask us
why we haven't fought until now.
261
00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:09,880
But if we fought, there would be
a big scattering of blood.
262
00:31:09,960 --> 00:31:15,880
What you get from a bloodshed
is always a return to other bloodsheds.
263
00:31:30,560 --> 00:31:33,320
The elders are the ones who escape,
264
00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:38,200
because they aren't forced
to join the military,
265
00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:41,080
they aren't forced to do anything else.
266
00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:44,160
But if they have children
who have escaped
267
00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:48,360
to Sudan or Israel,
268
00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:51,680
the government tells them,
"You either bring your children back,
269
00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:53,800
or you pay 50,000 nakfa."
270
00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:59,000
They can live for two years
on 50,000 nakfa.
271
00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:01,160
So where would they get it from?
272
00:32:01,240 --> 00:32:02,600
And they escape.
273
00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:04,560
They leave everything and escape.
274
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:09,000
There are many elders who tell me,
275
00:32:09,880 --> 00:32:15,320
"Alga, take us back to our country.
We want to die at home."
276
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:38,240
This is how I got here.
277
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:40,640
I first lived in the Barka region,
278
00:32:40,720 --> 00:32:42,880
in a place called Enjehai.
279
00:32:42,960 --> 00:32:46,040
It's a new place
and I moved there to be a farmer.
280
00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:50,240
While I was there,
my children escaped from the country.
281
00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:56,040
Then the government asked me
to pay 200,000 nakfa
282
00:32:56,120 --> 00:32:58,000
because my children had escaped.
283
00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:00,560
When it happened, I asked for some time
to find the money.
284
00:33:00,640 --> 00:33:02,600
Then I escaped by plane,
because I had a passport.
285
00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:04,080
Did you get to Ethiopia?
286
00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:08,320
I went to Kenya,
then from Kenya I got to Ethiopia.
287
00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:11,560
This is the reason why I'm far away
from my children,
288
00:33:11,640 --> 00:33:14,280
who live here and there.
289
00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:16,880
Because of all of that,
I live here. I'm suffering,
290
00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:18,800
I've got diabetes
and high blood pressure.
291
00:34:34,880 --> 00:34:38,400
AT SHIMELBA REFUGEE CAMP,
WITH 60% OF KUNAMA
292
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:53,320
The Kunama, they came
from a Nilotic river.
293
00:35:54,120 --> 00:35:56,160
For more than 150 years…
294
00:35:57,200 --> 00:35:59,280
{\an8}they lived around a river
called "Tsona"…
295
00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:01,200
{\an8}EZEKIEL CHANNE,
ANTHROPOLOGIST KUNAMA
296
00:36:01,280 --> 00:36:02,240
…or Gash river.
297
00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:04,880
They lived in that area,
298
00:36:04,960 --> 00:36:08,920
and their only occupation was cultivating,
farming a land.
299
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:11,640
In that moment…
300
00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:17,640
they didn't have any governmental rules.
301
00:36:18,280 --> 00:36:22,480
They didn't have any administration,
they didn't have any organization.
302
00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:26,360
They lived simply doing their duty.
303
00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:32,840
In that stage, Kunama,
they had their great culture
304
00:36:32,920 --> 00:36:35,400
of traditions,
and they had their religion.
305
00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:40,560
The god of our religion is called Dungun.
306
00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:52,320
I was born in 1990
307
00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:56,280
in the south region of Mekel.
308
00:36:56,360 --> 00:37:00,320
I studied in the Gash-Barka region.
309
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,360
Its capital is Barentu.
310
00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:07,480
And I completed my education
in the military service.
311
00:37:07,560 --> 00:37:12,320
Then I enrolled in college
and I studied anthropology.
312
00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:17,080
So, I graduated after two years.
313
00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:22,400
And then they sent me to my region.
314
00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:25,360
At the time,
I saw a lot of discriminations…
315
00:37:26,240 --> 00:37:29,360
towards myself and towards my community.
316
00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:32,160
We are suffering,
we have a lot of problems
317
00:37:32,840 --> 00:37:34,560
because of those discriminations.
318
00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:38,680
And at last, I decided to flee
to the neighbouring country
319
00:37:38,760 --> 00:37:40,560
which is called Ethiopia.
320
00:37:50,520 --> 00:37:52,240
When I fled from Eritrea,
321
00:37:52,320 --> 00:37:55,800
first I found somebody who knew the way
322
00:37:55,880 --> 00:37:57,720
to the border.
323
00:37:57,800 --> 00:38:03,320
He agreed to take me
and I agreed with him at the time.
324
00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:06,320
And he arrived in Barentu
325
00:38:07,120 --> 00:38:09,480
and he took me from Barentu
326
00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:12,560
to the north, in an area called Shambuko.
327
00:38:13,080 --> 00:38:16,680
So, at the time, it was midnight,
328
00:38:17,240 --> 00:38:18,400
11 p.m.
329
00:38:19,040 --> 00:38:23,600
We decided to go to the border area.
330
00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:26,360
We were close to the border,
331
00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:28,120
it was 12 a.m.
332
00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:34,200
Early in the morning, I escaped
from the border to the Ethiopian army.
333
00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:38,560
And the Ethiopian army took me to UNHCR,
334
00:38:39,200 --> 00:38:41,120
in Endebaguna.
335
00:38:41,200 --> 00:38:45,120
And then from Endebaguna,
they took me to my community area
336
00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:46,560
which is called Shimelba.
337
00:38:53,680 --> 00:38:58,840
They could ask you a question,
and you only had one chance.
338
00:38:59,640 --> 00:39:03,840
If Eritrean soldiers found you,
they would ask you one question.
339
00:39:04,600 --> 00:39:06,880
"Do you want to die
or do you want to live?"
340
00:39:10,960 --> 00:39:15,840
At that time…
I don't think so, it's very tough.
341
00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:19,080
I was very afraid for my life
in that moment.
342
00:39:19,160 --> 00:39:20,800
And for my family as well.
343
00:39:20,880 --> 00:39:22,320
Even for my family.
344
00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:25,320
If they found me
when I crossed the border…
345
00:39:26,120 --> 00:39:29,040
my family would have been in danger.
346
00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:32,160
Because of the political issue.
347
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:36,520
Because of the discrimination
against our people.
348
00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:47,320
My dream, or my hope,
349
00:39:48,280 --> 00:39:52,600
most of the time,
is not only for my personal issue.
350
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:57,880
I want a better life
for my whole community.
351
00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:10,440
In 615, Mohammed was being persecuted
by his people.
352
00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:13,400
And when he was being persecuted
by his people,
353
00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:19,120
some say he suggested to his followers
to go to Ethiopia…
354
00:41:20,080 --> 00:41:25,320
were they would have been welcomed
by a just king.
355
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:30,880
And so Mohammed's followers
came to Ethiopia, in 615,
356
00:41:30,960 --> 00:41:36,600
and they were welcomed
by the emperor, by the king at the time.
357
00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:42,320
Their persecutors came to Ethiopia to…
358
00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:46,680
to continue the persecution,
359
00:41:46,760 --> 00:41:48,640
but the king defended them because…
360
00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:52,440
when he had asked the followers,
361
00:41:52,520 --> 00:41:55,160
"Why are you being persecuted?"
362
00:41:56,800 --> 00:42:02,640
They said, "We worshipped different gods,
363
00:42:02,720 --> 00:42:04,720
we were polytheists,
364
00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:08,400
Mohammed came and told us
there is only one God.
365
00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:12,880
He taught us how to pray, how to fast,
366
00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:17,120
prostrations, how to do pilgrimages."
367
00:42:17,920 --> 00:42:20,120
And the Christian king was amazed.
368
00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:23,280
"We pray as well, we fast as well.
369
00:42:23,360 --> 00:42:26,520
You have a good religion
and I must defend you."
370
00:42:26,600 --> 00:42:29,720
And so he did, and they are still here.
371
00:42:30,640 --> 00:42:32,160
Nowadays,
372
00:42:32,240 --> 00:42:37,400
the refugees are not only Muslims.
373
00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:27,640
I want to distinguish
between the Sinai of the traffickers
374
00:44:27,720 --> 00:44:32,960
and the one of the state prisons.
375
00:44:33,040 --> 00:44:37,160
We have never had any problems
with state prisons.
376
00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:44,400
By compromising with the police and
with the help of the immigration office,
377
00:44:46,080 --> 00:44:48,280
and also with the help
of the Ethiopian government
378
00:44:48,360 --> 00:44:50,000
who accepts the refugees,
379
00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:55,280
we managed to bring
8,500, 8,700 people here.
380
00:44:55,360 --> 00:44:58,960
Another issue,
which is the most dramatic and sad,
381
00:44:59,040 --> 00:45:02,680
is human trafficking.
382
00:45:02,760 --> 00:45:07,360
People were sold from Sudan,
from Rashaidas.
383
00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:14,080
From there,
they were bought from an Egyptian tribe
384
00:45:14,160 --> 00:45:19,280
which trafficked human beings and organs.
385
00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:23,040
They were sold in five stages.
386
00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:25,800
The first stage,
they paid a certain amount.
387
00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:30,680
The second, it increased.
The third, it increased and so on.
388
00:45:30,760 --> 00:45:32,960
Until, after the last stage,
389
00:45:33,040 --> 00:45:37,680
they asked for a ransom of $60,000.
390
00:45:38,200 --> 00:45:42,680
Throughout this path of five sales,
391
00:45:43,360 --> 00:45:45,680
there was suffering and torture.
392
00:45:45,760 --> 00:45:51,120
They asked boys or girls,
393
00:45:51,760 --> 00:45:53,920
"Do you have family abroad?"
394
00:45:54,000 --> 00:45:55,680
And then said, "If you don't pay,
395
00:45:55,760 --> 00:45:58,760
we'll take a kidney
or your cornea from you.
396
00:45:58,840 --> 00:45:59,880
We'll kill you."
397
00:46:01,520 --> 00:46:05,000
They got scared and said,
398
00:46:05,080 --> 00:46:11,920
"Yes, I have a relative,
my parents are poor in Eritrea."
399
00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:14,120
So they asked them
for their phone numbers.
400
00:46:14,840 --> 00:46:18,160
They made them ring their families
with a satellite phone,
401
00:46:20,120 --> 00:46:24,840
and while they were talking
with their families, they tortured them.
402
00:46:24,920 --> 00:46:28,720
They poured down
burned plastic bags on them.
403
00:46:28,800 --> 00:46:32,360
They screamed,
and the family on the other side
404
00:46:32,440 --> 00:46:38,440
heard them screaming and saying,
"They're killing me, help me,
405
00:46:38,520 --> 00:46:44,120
I don't know what to do,
they're asking for a ransom of $10,000."
406
00:46:44,640 --> 00:46:49,040
The family on the other side shouted,
some mothers fainted,
407
00:46:49,120 --> 00:46:52,400
because they couldn't stand to hear
their children screaming.
408
00:46:53,360 --> 00:46:56,800
They told them, "Give us time."
409
00:46:56,880 --> 00:47:00,360
A week, ten, 15 days.
410
00:47:00,440 --> 00:47:02,200
The traffickers accepted.
411
00:47:03,320 --> 00:47:07,000
Bear in mind that the people with them
412
00:47:07,080 --> 00:47:10,440
were tied with chains
on their feet and hands.
413
00:47:11,400 --> 00:47:14,920
While they were waiting for the ransom
to be paid,
414
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:18,560
the families went around begging
for money,
415
00:47:18,640 --> 00:47:21,360
asking relatives to help them.
416
00:47:21,440 --> 00:47:26,520
There's no family in Eritrea
who hasn't been through this suffering.
417
00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:30,800
There's no family in Eritrea
who hasn't seen their child
418
00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:34,680
dying in the Mediterranean,
or in the Sahara desert,
419
00:47:34,760 --> 00:47:37,120
or in the Sinai desert.
420
00:48:27,160 --> 00:48:32,040
There were also girls
who were kidnapped from Eritrea,
421
00:48:32,120 --> 00:48:34,320
from the hinterland of Asmara,
422
00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:40,640
and they were sold on
until they arrived in Egypt
423
00:48:41,400 --> 00:48:44,640
through these traffickers.
424
00:48:45,120 --> 00:48:48,280
Sixteen, 17-year-old girls
425
00:48:49,160 --> 00:48:55,440
who were raped by the guardians,
five, six times a day.
426
00:48:55,520 --> 00:49:01,560
Imagine a 16, 17-year-old girl
who is being raped…
427
00:49:02,160 --> 00:49:04,640
without respite, every day.
428
00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:09,720
When we freed them, we met girls
429
00:49:09,800 --> 00:49:13,960
who were completely destroyed,
430
00:49:14,040 --> 00:49:16,400
physically and mentally as well.
431
00:49:17,400 --> 00:49:20,720
The story of Smret,
432
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:26,120
they kidnapped her when she was 14
with a friend of hers…
433
00:49:27,040 --> 00:49:28,320
and…
434
00:49:29,960 --> 00:49:31,560
they brought her to the Sinai.
435
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:35,320
She was sold on
from one trafficker to another.
436
00:49:35,400 --> 00:49:40,320
They asked for 40,000 from the family,
who didn't have it.
437
00:49:40,400 --> 00:49:44,600
So they said, "Don't worry,
let them pay whatever they can,
438
00:49:44,680 --> 00:49:47,840
otherwise we are going to kill you.
439
00:49:47,920 --> 00:49:51,200
We do our job and get our money
440
00:49:51,280 --> 00:49:53,720
because we bought you,
441
00:49:54,480 --> 00:49:58,640
so the money has to get here."
442
00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:02,640
She didn't understand.
443
00:50:02,720 --> 00:50:05,200
Every time they touched her, she fainted.
444
00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:09,040
And yet, although she had fainted,
they raped her.
445
00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:15,640
We freed this girl
and brought her to Ethiopia.
446
00:50:17,240 --> 00:50:20,040
Every time she…
447
00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:27,880
She gets a panic attack
every time someone gets close to her.
448
00:50:28,640 --> 00:50:32,120
She doesn't understand…
"What does this person want?"
449
00:50:37,240 --> 00:50:38,240
Boys too.
450
00:50:38,320 --> 00:50:42,400
Boys, in addition to being beaten up,
451
00:50:42,480 --> 00:50:45,560
electrical shocks.
452
00:50:45,640 --> 00:50:50,920
They poured water on them
and they put electrodes on them
453
00:50:51,480 --> 00:50:54,160
and started the shock.
454
00:50:54,240 --> 00:50:57,120
And they did this until they fainted.
455
00:50:58,360 --> 00:51:00,760
That's how they were tortured.
456
00:51:01,400 --> 00:51:04,840
So there were…
457
00:51:04,920 --> 00:51:07,280
We freed 750 of them,
458
00:51:07,360 --> 00:51:10,960
but apart from these 750,
how many died?
459
00:51:11,440 --> 00:51:13,720
How many bodies did we find in the desert?
460
00:51:13,800 --> 00:51:17,520
How many dumped bodies
did we find in the desert
461
00:51:17,600 --> 00:51:21,760
that we took and brought to the mortuary?
462
00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:23,720
So many boys, so many girls.
463
00:51:25,200 --> 00:51:28,680
Sometimes I ask myself,
464
00:51:28,760 --> 00:51:34,880
"This Sinai was the land
where all the prophets passed through,
465
00:51:35,640 --> 00:51:39,040
but in the end it was also the land
in which…
466
00:51:40,560 --> 00:51:44,040
nearly 10,000 Africans died.
467
00:51:44,560 --> 00:51:47,800
Torture, organ theft,
468
00:51:47,880 --> 00:51:53,480
and no one has asked where they are,
or what happened to them.
469
00:51:57,480 --> 00:52:03,760
Amidst the suffering, there are people
who are generous and help.
470
00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:07,920
For this, I have to thank
Sham Ahmed's family.
471
00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:12,880
He is an imam, who's still living,
a young man.
472
00:52:13,640 --> 00:52:17,120
He risked his life,
just like I risked mine,
473
00:52:17,720 --> 00:52:21,720
to free these prisoners,
who he didn't know.
474
00:52:25,040 --> 00:52:29,600
I was beaten up in Libya
because we were going to free some people,
475
00:52:29,680 --> 00:52:31,120
and also in the Sinai.
476
00:52:32,800 --> 00:52:37,960
But these are physical sufferings.
477
00:52:38,720 --> 00:52:40,040
The other ones…
478
00:52:41,160 --> 00:52:46,400
The other beating I have received
goes much deeper.
479
00:52:47,360 --> 00:52:49,560
When I was picking up the bodies of…
480
00:52:51,880 --> 00:52:54,720
boys and girls in the desert,
481
00:52:54,800 --> 00:52:55,920
and they had no face,
482
00:52:56,000 --> 00:52:58,640
because they had been burned
to make them unrecognizable.
483
00:52:58,720 --> 00:53:03,200
That was an incredible tragedy.
Unbearable.
484
00:53:03,880 --> 00:53:08,120
I had the same horrible feeling
in Lampedusa
485
00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:13,840
when I saw all these bodies,
all these graves,
486
00:53:13,920 --> 00:53:15,440
these children.
487
00:53:17,240 --> 00:53:21,520
When they took them
they looked like angels,
488
00:53:21,600 --> 00:53:23,000
like they hadn't died.
489
00:53:24,760 --> 00:53:29,200
Their parents had died…
490
00:53:31,200 --> 00:53:34,640
maybe eaten by the fish.
491
00:53:34,720 --> 00:53:38,560
All this human horror,
492
00:53:39,080 --> 00:53:42,640
all this wickedness…
493
00:53:44,560 --> 00:53:46,120
I ask myself,
494
00:53:47,400 --> 00:53:52,640
"Have we reached the pinnacle?"
495
00:53:58,400 --> 00:54:02,880
I'd like to be a voice
for those that don't have a voice.
496
00:54:03,800 --> 00:54:06,800
I don't know, I'm trying to.
497
00:54:28,640 --> 00:54:31,320
TO ENDABAGUNA RECEPTION CENTRE
498
00:56:42,080 --> 00:56:43,560
She is not feeling well.
499
00:56:47,640 --> 00:56:49,120
She is not feeling…
500
00:57:01,640 --> 00:57:04,800
She got scared, she said,
"All these people…
501
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:10,880
Who is with their families at home?
Are they alone?"
502
00:58:05,720 --> 00:58:10,280
Despite seeing so many arriving,
503
00:58:10,360 --> 00:58:13,360
and leaving for Europe,
504
00:58:13,440 --> 00:58:14,280
it is…
505
00:58:15,080 --> 00:58:21,000
It is too much, seeing all these sad eyes
506
00:58:21,080 --> 00:58:27,200
that see hope on the horizon.
507
00:58:27,880 --> 00:58:30,920
Hope to be able to study in the future,
508
00:58:31,720 --> 00:58:33,720
to become somebody.
509
00:58:34,800 --> 00:58:39,400
And also hope to get back
to their country, to try to help.
510
00:58:39,960 --> 00:58:42,200
Amidst so much suffering…
511
00:58:43,440 --> 00:58:48,040
they helped me to see
with their eyes, to see hope.
512
00:58:49,040 --> 00:58:51,320
Hope for a better future.
38498
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