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1
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Hand Gestures
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Two strangers come together:
a man and a woman.
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There is an interaction,
an exchange of glances.
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00:00:36,851 --> 00:00:41,162
Two plainclothes policemen observe
the action played out before them,
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00:00:41,162 --> 00:00:43,016
without understanding it.
6
00:01:37,344 --> 00:01:41,687
It is not easy to grasp
this sequence of images.
7
00:02:02,533 --> 00:02:07,182
The pickpocket effects a distancing,
forbidding expression,
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while his hand tries to make contact.
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The hand does something entirely
different from what the face shows.
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The thief opens the woman's purse,
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the woman opens her lips.
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00:02:49,390 --> 00:02:52,445
It seems as though the thief
has opened her lips.
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00:03:08,846 --> 00:03:13,394
She seems seduced rather than robbed.
14
00:03:30,698 --> 00:03:37,569
The hand that commits a crime
seems to engender desire.
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This is a silent film from 1908.
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A woman�s hands hide stolen jewels
inside a bar of soap.
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00:04:03,814 --> 00:04:06,505
The woman in pajamas is the thief.
18
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She has crept across the ledge
into the room next door
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and stolen the jewels from
the sleeping owners.
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00:04:19,157 --> 00:04:24,330
Back in her room she hides
the jewels inside the soap.
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Her hands are set against
a black background,
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so that nothing will distract us
from her criminal act.
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00:04:46,578 --> 00:04:51,376
It is remarkable that this film
has no other close-ups.
24
00:04:51,784 --> 00:04:56,145
The camera always shows
the entire play-space.
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00:05:07,044 --> 00:05:11,923
Only the hands hiding the loot
deserve a close-up.
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00:05:12,703 --> 00:05:17,940
The close-up is used to
emphasize the criminal act.
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00:05:18,344 --> 00:05:22,574
Thus it is an �action film,�
as they say in English.
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This woman, who will later become
the thief in pajamas,
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has here an expression and
a posture that signifies anger
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00:05:39,043 --> 00:05:42,416
or even evil intentions.
31
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Today we are used to seeing �
to receiving a film -
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in fragmented images.
33
00:05:51,444 --> 00:05:54,497
The fragments direct our vision.
34
00:06:01,071 --> 00:06:05,023
Without this image-guidance
and dialog
35
00:06:05,023 --> 00:06:09,508
it is difficult for us to understand
what is going on.
36
00:06:13,307 --> 00:06:17,358
The gestures and facial expressions
of actors in silent films
37
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seem to us a foreign language;
something one must learn.
38
00:06:25,117 --> 00:06:27,352
This is a book about the construction
39
00:06:27,352 --> 00:06:30,574
of the different sign languages
for the deaf.
40
00:06:36,564 --> 00:06:40,957
One might ask, if cinema too had
evolved a standard sign language,
41
00:06:41,243 --> 00:06:44,798
would the silent era had lasted longer.
42
00:06:54,610 --> 00:06:59,189
A man tries to warm his numb hands.
43
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These hands cannot hold
the matches
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and cannot light the fire
that is supposed to warm them.
45
00:07:17,764 --> 00:07:21,551
The numb hands should remind us
46
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what a useful tool
hands generally are.
47
00:07:39,777 --> 00:07:46,134
What the human hand means
is revealed in its failure.
48
00:08:02,063 --> 00:08:06,737
These images are supposed to prove
the value of the human hand.
49
00:08:07,285 --> 00:08:10,921
However, they offer little more
than a notion of the activity
50
00:08:11,127 --> 00:08:14,814
they are supposed to represent.
51
00:08:19,131 --> 00:08:23,985
The mountain film emphasizes the value
of the hand in another manner.
52
00:08:23,985 --> 00:08:28,827
On the mountain man is back �
or is still � on all fours.
53
00:08:37,876 --> 00:08:44,661
On the mountain man�s life hangs
on the hand�s basic function.
54
00:09:13,218 --> 00:09:19,623
These images appeared between
1934 and 1937 in the US,
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00:09:19,984 --> 00:09:24,027
in a film promoting
job placement services.
56
00:09:24,027 --> 00:09:27,498
The work shown here
is interchangeable,
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i.e. dissolved in money,
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00:09:30,983 --> 00:09:35,215
going around from hand
to hand � circulating.
59
00:09:39,434 --> 00:09:41,432
Images circulate too.
60
00:09:41,432 --> 00:09:45,317
In 1944 some of those images
are recycled in a film
61
00:09:45,317 --> 00:09:53,036
calling for the final war effort against
the Germans and the Japanese.
62
00:10:02,547 --> 00:10:05,812
Only the hands of the American
workers are shown,
63
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implying that they are all hands
of a great allegorical body.
64
00:10:27,176 --> 00:10:34,345
This is a handbook for film
actors from 1927.
65
00:10:39,981 --> 00:10:43,367
In the third chapter
the author points out
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that it makes a big difference
whether a gesture is executed
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00:10:47,002 --> 00:10:50,941
with the back of the hand
or with the palm.
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00:10:54,064 --> 00:10:55,524
He writes:
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00:10:56,164 --> 00:11:00,764
"The back of the hand is associated
with the emotions of the mind,
70
00:11:00,764 --> 00:11:04,776
while the palm - with the
emotions of the heart.�
71
00:11:04,776 --> 00:11:06,838
He writes:
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00:11:06,838 --> 00:11:11,525
"Kissing the back of the hand
indicates a formal greeting.
73
00:11:14,161 --> 00:11:17,791
If one were to kiss the palm,
we would know at once
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that this was not a mere greeting,
but a sign of passionate adoration.
75
00:11:31,529 --> 00:11:38,032
Also, a slap with the palm of the hand
is a sign of intimacy.
76
00:11:43,024 --> 00:11:47,952
With the back of the hand � it is chastisement.
77
00:12:12,211 --> 00:12:15,204
This is a threatening fist,
78
00:12:16,034 --> 00:12:22,367
and this is a fist that turns its weak
side to the one being greeted,
79
00:12:23,195 --> 00:12:25,205
the inverse of a threat.
80
00:12:41,302 --> 00:12:47,328
We can turn our hands and
observe it from all angles.
81
00:12:47,686 --> 00:12:51,108
This is impossible with every
other part of the body.
82
00:13:11,168 --> 00:13:15,513
A hand can pose before
its owner's eyes,
83
00:13:15,773 --> 00:13:18,930
like a man turning in front of a mirror.
84
00:13:19,736 --> 00:13:28,366
And it can also be thought of as
a mirror, a tablet, or a stage.
85
00:13:49,468 --> 00:14:04,388
Paper Stage Screen
86
00:14:22,377 --> 00:14:25,350
This is not an action movie.
87
00:14:27,445 --> 00:14:33,574
The man contemplates his palm
and produces something with his gaze.
88
00:14:33,977 --> 00:14:38,910
It is not the hand that is acting,
it is the eye.
89
00:15:03,835 --> 00:15:11,196
In 1927 this book announced
the foundation of an acting school.
90
00:15:11,647 --> 00:15:13,935
Today it still does not exist.
91
00:15:30,453 --> 00:15:35,234
All human labor comprises
just a few basic actions:
92
00:15:36,681 --> 00:15:41,766
reaching, grasping, carrying."
93
00:15:43,619 --> 00:15:47,751
This book envisions a language
of gestures
94
00:15:48,010 --> 00:15:52,251
and tries to formulate a grammar
of film-acting gestures.
95
00:15:52,776 --> 00:15:56,842
It proposes a curriculum
for an acting school.
96
00:15:58,955 --> 00:16:03,987
In the third semester
they were to study Taylorism.
97
00:16:03,987 --> 00:16:07,215
The economy of movement.
98
00:16:12,810 --> 00:16:19,695
Taylorism: Frederick Taylor wanted to
turn human labor into a science.
99
00:16:19,695 --> 00:16:23,156
He introduced the stopwatch
in factories
100
00:16:23,156 --> 00:16:28,147
and looked for the most
efficient work movements.
101
00:17:02,360 --> 00:17:06,801
Even today we don�t have a clear
understanding of the relationship
102
00:17:07,024 --> 00:17:11,220
between the gestures of labor
and those of film narration.
103
00:17:46,665 --> 00:17:52,737
The movement economy of labor
and of film narration.
104
00:17:57,952 --> 00:18:02,948
The pianist is cinema�s favorite
manual laborer.
105
00:18:03,650 --> 00:18:09,779
Film loves to show a pianist's hand
as much as a hand holding a gun.
106
00:18:15,383 --> 00:18:22,339
This film called Play of Hands wants
to tell its story through hands alone,
107
00:18:22,808 --> 00:18:26,937
that is to say:
no faces are shown.
108
00:18:45,118 --> 00:18:48,795
This is a misguided undertaking,
109
00:18:49,015 --> 00:18:53,738
like trying to cross the ocean in a bathtub
or the continent on one's hands.
110
00:18:58,337 --> 00:19:01,433
The images work like
a guessing game:
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00:19:01,433 --> 00:19:04,518
as soon as you've guessed
what an image represents
112
00:19:04,518 --> 00:19:07,020
it has fulfilled its purpose.
113
00:19:15,394 --> 00:19:18,119
This image stands out.
114
00:19:18,483 --> 00:19:20,784
The hands of the woman giving birth
search for a support
115
00:19:20,784 --> 00:19:23,373
in order to endure the pain.
116
00:19:23,627 --> 00:19:27,122
One can say that this image
would hold its own
117
00:19:27,122 --> 00:19:30,697
even in a film not obsessed
with hands.
118
00:19:35,204 --> 00:19:41,587
Two children are born, one of them
will be a concert pianist.
119
00:19:41,587 --> 00:19:47,712
When dealing with piano playing,
most cameras tend to cut here,
120
00:19:48,882 --> 00:19:52,281
to cut the hands from
the rest of the person.
121
00:19:53,555 --> 00:19:57,101
In war the concert pianist
loses one hand;
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war has cut off his hand.
123
00:20:01,703 --> 00:20:07,213
Once more the power of hands is
addressed through its loss.
124
00:20:23,959 --> 00:20:26,512
There is a whole genre of films
125
00:20:26,512 --> 00:20:30,569
in which the pianist's hands
play a special part:
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00:20:30,569 --> 00:20:37,004
they are cut off, torn off, or they
get away of their own accord.
127
00:20:54,952 --> 00:21:00,212
This film is about a pianist who loses
both hands in an accident
128
00:21:00,212 --> 00:21:05,405
and has a murderer's hands
sewn onto his wrists.
129
00:21:14,118 --> 00:21:17,302
These hands have power of him.
130
00:21:24,137 --> 00:21:31,289
The many hands that are cut off
by war or by the camera.
131
00:21:43,252 --> 00:21:48,637
Piano playing is manual labor
performed before an audience.
132
00:21:49,779 --> 00:21:54,552
It is show labor meant to represent
all other manual labor.
133
00:21:56,170 --> 00:22:01,493
This US war effort film of 1944
also begins with piano playing
134
00:22:01,784 --> 00:22:06,376
and ends with factory labor.
135
00:23:05,193 --> 00:23:08,514
This is a Nazi war effort film.
136
00:23:09,518 --> 00:23:13,863
The worker at the machine watches
over the production of a gun.
137
00:23:25,067 --> 00:23:27,758
He is no manual laborer.
138
00:23:27,758 --> 00:23:33,116
He has set the machine in motion
and stands watching over it.
139
00:23:33,542 --> 00:23:37,243
But he likes to touch the tool
and to pass his hand over it.
140
00:23:38,038 --> 00:23:42,899
He likes to dirty his hand
with the grease.
141
00:23:46,634 --> 00:23:52,323
Amira von Schwerin: Archeology
of the Right, Berlin 1943:
142
00:23:53,678 --> 00:23:59,174
"Touching as pure touch-gesture
was originally a magical act.
143
00:24:00,395 --> 00:24:04,704
This is evident from the ancient
form of taking an oath:
144
00:24:04,996 --> 00:24:10,988
the pagan magical oath-object
is never seized or grasped,
145
00:24:10,988 --> 00:24:14,645
but is merely touched.�
146
00:24:16,521 --> 00:24:20,333
This film was released after
Stalingrad, in 1943,
147
00:24:20,333 --> 00:24:25,883
and the worker could use
a magical gesture or two.
148
00:24:53,089 --> 00:24:54,755
The film threatens him too �
149
00:24:54,755 --> 00:24:58,613
what if he makes a mistake
and spoils his work?
150
00:25:14,629 --> 00:25:17,477
A violin will be made from this wood.
151
00:25:17,682 --> 00:25:21,804
We are in an old violin-
maker�s workshop.
152
00:25:22,271 --> 00:25:28,393
This is from a Nazi newsreel
of March 1945.
153
00:25:30,020 --> 00:25:34,152
This film has no destroyed
houses, no soldiers,
154
00:25:34,502 --> 00:25:39,616
no camps, no dead,
not even a car.
155
00:25:50,534 --> 00:25:53,533
Again we see the manual
laborer�s hands,
156
00:25:54,169 --> 00:25:58,398
we are presented with
the dexterity of hands.
157
00:26:01,298 --> 00:26:05,461
"The body of the violin has to be built
with much feeling and care."
158
00:26:32,919 --> 00:26:38,615
The pleasure with which this hand glides
along a the gun barrel
159
00:26:38,615 --> 00:26:47,976
makes us realize that cinema is not
a medium of touch, but of vision.
160
00:26:50,877 --> 00:26:55,657
Cinema translates most sensations
of touch into glances.
161
00:27:01,624 --> 00:27:06,333
Also, the human hand can
resemble an animal.
162
00:27:06,621 --> 00:27:12,347
Every child imagines the hand running
away and doing forbidden things.
163
00:27:41,186 --> 00:27:44,372
This cannot remain unpunished.
164
00:27:56,525 --> 00:28:00,365
This is a hand that brings death.
165
00:28:19,144 --> 00:28:22,981
And this is a hand announcing death.
166
00:28:43,784 --> 00:28:48,455
The will leaves the body,
the hand cannot grasp anymore.
167
00:29:00,488 --> 00:29:04,802
The essence of life is set free.
14690
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