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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,422 --> 00:00:07,462 Hand Gestures 2 00:00:18,621 --> 00:00:22,998 Two strangers come together: a man and a woman. 3 00:00:33,158 --> 00:00:36,595 There is an interaction, an exchange of glances. 4 00:00:36,851 --> 00:00:41,162 Two plainclothes policemen observe the action played out before them, 5 00:00:41,162 --> 00:00:43,016 without understanding it. 6 00:01:37,344 --> 00:01:41,687 It is not easy to grasp this sequence of images. 7 00:02:02,533 --> 00:02:07,182 The pickpocket effects a distancing, forbidding expression, 8 00:02:08,245 --> 00:02:11,908 while his hand tries to make contact. 9 00:02:34,354 --> 00:02:39,173 The hand does something entirely different from what the face shows. 10 00:02:42,478 --> 00:02:45,509 The thief opens the woman's purse, 11 00:02:46,191 --> 00:02:48,825 the woman opens her lips. 12 00:02:49,390 --> 00:02:52,445 It seems as though the thief has opened her lips. 13 00:03:08,846 --> 00:03:13,394 She seems seduced rather than robbed. 14 00:03:30,698 --> 00:03:37,569 The hand that commits a crime seems to engender desire. 15 00:03:43,490 --> 00:03:46,953 This is a silent film from 1908. 16 00:03:47,998 --> 00:03:52,926 A woman�s hands hide stolen jewels inside a bar of soap. 17 00:04:03,814 --> 00:04:06,505 The woman in pajamas is the thief. 18 00:04:06,717 --> 00:04:09,893 She has crept across the ledge into the room next door 19 00:04:10,096 --> 00:04:15,022 and stolen the jewels from the sleeping owners. 20 00:04:19,157 --> 00:04:24,330 Back in her room she hides the jewels inside the soap. 21 00:04:25,622 --> 00:04:28,758 Her hands are set against a black background, 22 00:04:29,188 --> 00:04:33,788 so that nothing will distract us from her criminal act. 23 00:04:46,578 --> 00:04:51,376 It is remarkable that this film has no other close-ups. 24 00:04:51,784 --> 00:04:56,145 The camera always shows the entire play-space. 25 00:05:07,044 --> 00:05:11,923 Only the hands hiding the loot deserve a close-up. 26 00:05:12,703 --> 00:05:17,940 The close-up is used to emphasize the criminal act. 27 00:05:18,344 --> 00:05:22,574 Thus it is an �action film,� as they say in English. 28 00:05:29,639 --> 00:05:34,745 This woman, who will later become the thief in pajamas, 29 00:05:34,745 --> 00:05:39,043 has here an expression and a posture that signifies anger 30 00:05:39,043 --> 00:05:42,416 or even evil intentions. 31 00:05:45,124 --> 00:05:49,110 Today we are used to seeing � to receiving a film - 32 00:05:49,110 --> 00:05:51,444 in fragmented images. 33 00:05:51,444 --> 00:05:54,497 The fragments direct our vision. 34 00:06:01,071 --> 00:06:05,023 Without this image-guidance and dialog 35 00:06:05,023 --> 00:06:09,508 it is difficult for us to understand what is going on. 36 00:06:13,307 --> 00:06:17,358 The gestures and facial expressions of actors in silent films 37 00:06:17,358 --> 00:06:21,836 seem to us a foreign language; something one must learn. 38 00:06:25,117 --> 00:06:27,352 This is a book about the construction 39 00:06:27,352 --> 00:06:30,574 of the different sign languages for the deaf. 40 00:06:36,564 --> 00:06:40,957 One might ask, if cinema too had evolved a standard sign language, 41 00:06:41,243 --> 00:06:44,798 would the silent era had lasted longer. 42 00:06:54,610 --> 00:06:59,189 A man tries to warm his numb hands. 43 00:07:01,852 --> 00:07:05,865 These hands cannot hold the matches 44 00:07:06,137 --> 00:07:10,561 and cannot light the fire that is supposed to warm them. 45 00:07:17,764 --> 00:07:21,551 The numb hands should remind us 46 00:07:21,551 --> 00:07:26,208 what a useful tool hands generally are. 47 00:07:39,777 --> 00:07:46,134 What the human hand means is revealed in its failure. 48 00:08:02,063 --> 00:08:06,737 These images are supposed to prove the value of the human hand. 49 00:08:07,285 --> 00:08:10,921 However, they offer little more than a notion of the activity 50 00:08:11,127 --> 00:08:14,814 they are supposed to represent. 51 00:08:19,131 --> 00:08:23,985 The mountain film emphasizes the value of the hand in another manner. 52 00:08:23,985 --> 00:08:28,827 On the mountain man is back � or is still � on all fours. 53 00:08:37,876 --> 00:08:44,661 On the mountain man�s life hangs on the hand�s basic function. 54 00:09:13,218 --> 00:09:19,623 These images appeared between 1934 and 1937 in the US, 55 00:09:19,984 --> 00:09:24,027 in a film promoting job placement services. 56 00:09:24,027 --> 00:09:27,498 The work shown here is interchangeable, 57 00:09:27,498 --> 00:09:30,599 i.e. dissolved in money, 58 00:09:30,983 --> 00:09:35,215 going around from hand to hand � circulating. 59 00:09:39,434 --> 00:09:41,432 Images circulate too. 60 00:09:41,432 --> 00:09:45,317 In 1944 some of those images are recycled in a film 61 00:09:45,317 --> 00:09:53,036 calling for the final war effort against the Germans and the Japanese. 62 00:10:02,547 --> 00:10:05,812 Only the hands of the American workers are shown, 63 00:10:05,812 --> 00:10:13,544 implying that they are all hands of a great allegorical body. 64 00:10:27,176 --> 00:10:34,345 This is a handbook for film actors from 1927. 65 00:10:39,981 --> 00:10:43,367 In the third chapter the author points out 66 00:10:43,607 --> 00:10:46,794 that it makes a big difference whether a gesture is executed 67 00:10:47,002 --> 00:10:50,941 with the back of the hand or with the palm. 68 00:10:54,064 --> 00:10:55,524 He writes: 69 00:10:56,164 --> 00:11:00,764 "The back of the hand is associated with the emotions of the mind, 70 00:11:00,764 --> 00:11:04,776 while the palm - with the emotions of the heart.� 71 00:11:04,776 --> 00:11:06,838 He writes: 72 00:11:06,838 --> 00:11:11,525 "Kissing the back of the hand indicates a formal greeting. 73 00:11:14,161 --> 00:11:17,791 If one were to kiss the palm, we would know at once 74 00:11:18,275 --> 00:11:24,921 that this was not a mere greeting, but a sign of passionate adoration. 75 00:11:31,529 --> 00:11:38,032 Also, a slap with the palm of the hand is a sign of intimacy. 76 00:11:43,024 --> 00:11:47,952 With the back of the hand � it is chastisement. 77 00:12:12,211 --> 00:12:15,204 This is a threatening fist, 78 00:12:16,034 --> 00:12:22,367 and this is a fist that turns its weak side to the one being greeted, 79 00:12:23,195 --> 00:12:25,205 the inverse of a threat. 80 00:12:41,302 --> 00:12:47,328 We can turn our hands and observe it from all angles. 81 00:12:47,686 --> 00:12:51,108 This is impossible with every other part of the body. 82 00:13:11,168 --> 00:13:15,513 A hand can pose before its owner's eyes, 83 00:13:15,773 --> 00:13:18,930 like a man turning in front of a mirror. 84 00:13:19,736 --> 00:13:28,366 And it can also be thought of as a mirror, a tablet, or a stage. 85 00:13:49,468 --> 00:14:04,388 Paper Stage Screen 86 00:14:22,377 --> 00:14:25,350 This is not an action movie. 87 00:14:27,445 --> 00:14:33,574 The man contemplates his palm and produces something with his gaze. 88 00:14:33,977 --> 00:14:38,910 It is not the hand that is acting, it is the eye. 89 00:15:03,835 --> 00:15:11,196 In 1927 this book announced the foundation of an acting school. 90 00:15:11,647 --> 00:15:13,935 Today it still does not exist. 91 00:15:30,453 --> 00:15:35,234 All human labor comprises just a few basic actions: 92 00:15:36,681 --> 00:15:41,766 reaching, grasping, carrying." 93 00:15:43,619 --> 00:15:47,751 This book envisions a language of gestures 94 00:15:48,010 --> 00:15:52,251 and tries to formulate a grammar of film-acting gestures. 95 00:15:52,776 --> 00:15:56,842 It proposes a curriculum for an acting school. 96 00:15:58,955 --> 00:16:03,987 In the third semester they were to study Taylorism. 97 00:16:03,987 --> 00:16:07,215 The economy of movement. 98 00:16:12,810 --> 00:16:19,695 Taylorism: Frederick Taylor wanted to turn human labor into a science. 99 00:16:19,695 --> 00:16:23,156 He introduced the stopwatch in factories 100 00:16:23,156 --> 00:16:28,147 and looked for the most efficient work movements. 101 00:17:02,360 --> 00:17:06,801 Even today we don�t have a clear understanding of the relationship 102 00:17:07,024 --> 00:17:11,220 between the gestures of labor and those of film narration. 103 00:17:46,665 --> 00:17:52,737 The movement economy of labor and of film narration. 104 00:17:57,952 --> 00:18:02,948 The pianist is cinema�s favorite manual laborer. 105 00:18:03,650 --> 00:18:09,779 Film loves to show a pianist's hand as much as a hand holding a gun. 106 00:18:15,383 --> 00:18:22,339 This film called Play of Hands wants to tell its story through hands alone, 107 00:18:22,808 --> 00:18:26,937 that is to say: no faces are shown. 108 00:18:45,118 --> 00:18:48,795 This is a misguided undertaking, 109 00:18:49,015 --> 00:18:53,738 like trying to cross the ocean in a bathtub or the continent on one's hands. 110 00:18:58,337 --> 00:19:01,433 The images work like a guessing game: 111 00:19:01,433 --> 00:19:04,518 as soon as you've guessed what an image represents 112 00:19:04,518 --> 00:19:07,020 it has fulfilled its purpose. 113 00:19:15,394 --> 00:19:18,119 This image stands out. 114 00:19:18,483 --> 00:19:20,784 The hands of the woman giving birth search for a support 115 00:19:20,784 --> 00:19:23,373 in order to endure the pain. 116 00:19:23,627 --> 00:19:27,122 One can say that this image would hold its own 117 00:19:27,122 --> 00:19:30,697 even in a film not obsessed with hands. 118 00:19:35,204 --> 00:19:41,587 Two children are born, one of them will be a concert pianist. 119 00:19:41,587 --> 00:19:47,712 When dealing with piano playing, most cameras tend to cut here, 120 00:19:48,882 --> 00:19:52,281 to cut the hands from the rest of the person. 121 00:19:53,555 --> 00:19:57,101 In war the concert pianist loses one hand; 122 00:19:57,101 --> 00:20:00,343 war has cut off his hand. 123 00:20:01,703 --> 00:20:07,213 Once more the power of hands is addressed through its loss. 124 00:20:23,959 --> 00:20:26,512 There is a whole genre of films 125 00:20:26,512 --> 00:20:30,569 in which the pianist's hands play a special part: 126 00:20:30,569 --> 00:20:37,004 they are cut off, torn off, or they get away of their own accord. 127 00:20:54,952 --> 00:21:00,212 This film is about a pianist who loses both hands in an accident 128 00:21:00,212 --> 00:21:05,405 and has a murderer's hands sewn onto his wrists. 129 00:21:14,118 --> 00:21:17,302 These hands have power of him. 130 00:21:24,137 --> 00:21:31,289 The many hands that are cut off by war or by the camera. 131 00:21:43,252 --> 00:21:48,637 Piano playing is manual labor performed before an audience. 132 00:21:49,779 --> 00:21:54,552 It is show labor meant to represent all other manual labor. 133 00:21:56,170 --> 00:22:01,493 This US war effort film of 1944 also begins with piano playing 134 00:22:01,784 --> 00:22:06,376 and ends with factory labor. 135 00:23:05,193 --> 00:23:08,514 This is a Nazi war effort film. 136 00:23:09,518 --> 00:23:13,863 The worker at the machine watches over the production of a gun. 137 00:23:25,067 --> 00:23:27,758 He is no manual laborer. 138 00:23:27,758 --> 00:23:33,116 He has set the machine in motion and stands watching over it. 139 00:23:33,542 --> 00:23:37,243 But he likes to touch the tool and to pass his hand over it. 140 00:23:38,038 --> 00:23:42,899 He likes to dirty his hand with the grease. 141 00:23:46,634 --> 00:23:52,323 Amira von Schwerin: Archeology of the Right, Berlin 1943: 142 00:23:53,678 --> 00:23:59,174 "Touching as pure touch-gesture was originally a magical act. 143 00:24:00,395 --> 00:24:04,704 This is evident from the ancient form of taking an oath: 144 00:24:04,996 --> 00:24:10,988 the pagan magical oath-object is never seized or grasped, 145 00:24:10,988 --> 00:24:14,645 but is merely touched.� 146 00:24:16,521 --> 00:24:20,333 This film was released after Stalingrad, in 1943, 147 00:24:20,333 --> 00:24:25,883 and the worker could use a magical gesture or two. 148 00:24:53,089 --> 00:24:54,755 The film threatens him too � 149 00:24:54,755 --> 00:24:58,613 what if he makes a mistake and spoils his work? 150 00:25:14,629 --> 00:25:17,477 A violin will be made from this wood. 151 00:25:17,682 --> 00:25:21,804 We are in an old violin- maker�s workshop. 152 00:25:22,271 --> 00:25:28,393 This is from a Nazi newsreel of March 1945. 153 00:25:30,020 --> 00:25:34,152 This film has no destroyed houses, no soldiers, 154 00:25:34,502 --> 00:25:39,616 no camps, no dead, not even a car. 155 00:25:50,534 --> 00:25:53,533 Again we see the manual laborer�s hands, 156 00:25:54,169 --> 00:25:58,398 we are presented with the dexterity of hands. 157 00:26:01,298 --> 00:26:05,461 "The body of the violin has to be built with much feeling and care." 158 00:26:32,919 --> 00:26:38,615 The pleasure with which this hand glides along a the gun barrel 159 00:26:38,615 --> 00:26:47,976 makes us realize that cinema is not a medium of touch, but of vision. 160 00:26:50,877 --> 00:26:55,657 Cinema translates most sensations of touch into glances. 161 00:27:01,624 --> 00:27:06,333 Also, the human hand can resemble an animal. 162 00:27:06,621 --> 00:27:12,347 Every child imagines the hand running away and doing forbidden things. 163 00:27:41,186 --> 00:27:44,372 This cannot remain unpunished. 164 00:27:56,525 --> 00:28:00,365 This is a hand that brings death. 165 00:28:19,144 --> 00:28:22,981 And this is a hand announcing death. 166 00:28:43,784 --> 00:28:48,455 The will leaves the body, the hand cannot grasp anymore. 167 00:29:00,488 --> 00:29:04,802 The essence of life is set free. 14690

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