All language subtitles for The Machines That Built America s01e08 Home Tech Revolution.eng

[Narrator] They are in
every home in America.

A combined 27 million
are sold each year,

creating an annual
$40 billion industry.

Over 100 years ago, the
washing machine, dishwasher,

and refrigerator
transformed our lives.

Pretty darn clean.

I don't think there's
a full appreciation

for what homemakers went through

before all of these
home technologies

made our lives so much easier.

[Narrator] These
miracles of home technology

are brought to
life by visionaries

like Frederick Lewis Maytag.

The Gyrafoam.

We'll say it's a
tempest in a tub.

[Narrator] General
Motors' William Durant.

Why would a man
who makes automobiles

want to make refrigerators?

The car is a box with a motor.

This is just a
different kind of box.

[Narrator] And a
pioneering inventor

who broke boundaries
and changed the world.

Where are the scrubbers?

No scrubbers.

Water pressure.

[Narrator] But the drive
to innovate comes at a cost.

I am beyond exhausted.

We've got five banks
breathing down our necks.

I need a home loan.

With innovators, there
is a razor thin line

between overwhelming success
and stunning failure.

[Narrator] It's a fight to
be first in a new frontier.

This is the key.

Boat motor.

Can't believe I didn't
see this before.

[Narrator] This is
home tech revolution.

(engine roaring)
(tense music)

It's 1883, the height of
the Industrial Revolution.

Mechanization has led
to massive advancements

in transportation,
communication, and agriculture.

There's just a
lot of movement.

There's a lot of growth.

There's a lot of size
and productivity.

Suddenly you can build products

on a massive scale
never before imagined.

[Narrator] But as new
technologies reshape

how Americans live and
work, there's one area

that is still stuck in the past.

People have no idea
how much hard work

there was involved
in just daily life.

Just keeping your
household to a basic level

of cleanliness and making food

took people at least
40 hours a week.

(tense music)

[Narrator] In
Illinois, one woman knows

the drudgery of household labor,

even if she doesn't
have to do it herself.

Josephine Cochrane comes
from a comfortable background,

is someone who never
has to worry about

having to go to
work for a living.

She became a socialite
and a political wife

and began entertaining.

[Narrator] One of
her prized possessions

is heirloom China
from the 1600s.

What?

This is impossible,

[Narrator] But the
household staff has repeatedly

chipped her beloved
plates while washing them.

And after her next dinner
party, she cleans them herself.

(tense music)

Oh my.

There's another one.

How is this happening?

[Narrator] She discovers
it's harder than it looks.

She decided the time
had come to make a change.

(birds chirping)

I wonder why no one invented
a machine to wash dishes.

(tense music)

I doubt anyone thinks
that's very important.

And why in the world
would anyone need

a machine to wash dishes?

At the time, many
middleclass women had a maid,

had a cook, had someone
who was in the home

doing the physical human labor.

The dishwasher doesn't seem
as much of a necessity.

(tense music)

[Narrator] Despite her
husband's lack of enthusiasm,

in 1883, Josephine
Cochrane begins work

on a mechanical handcranked
dish washing machine.

(tense music)

I can maybe put
the dishes in here.

Yeah, that will work.

[Narrator] Obsessed with
building a better dish washer,

Josephine spends months
refining her idea.

Oh my God, William,
William, are you okay?

[Narrator] But then
her husband William

dies suddenly from
a heart attack,

leaving Josephine to
confront a shocking truth.

She thought they
were very well off,

but what her husband
unexpectedly died,

it turned out they
had a lot more debts,

and she really
needed to scramble

to find a living for herself.

The dishwasher was no longer
just this great idea she had,

but it became a
financial necessity

for her to construct something

that would be
bought by consumers.

(tense music)

[Narrator] 330 miles away,
a farm equipment manufacturer

is also on the brink
of financial ruin.

To boost profits during the
slow fall and winter months,

he's made a series
of risky investments,

and they've all gone belly up.

[Frederick] This doesn't
add up.

Frederick L. Maytag has
a very diverse background

in terms of various
business ventures.

He was willing to strike
out and get involved

if he thought it was
a good opportunity

and if it appealed to him.

(tense music)

[Narrator] One
day, Maytag's company

will create a product
found in over 80%

of American households.

Wash 660 million loads
of laundry per week,

and become an empire
worth $1.7 billion.

But in 1907, Frederick
Maytag is deep in debt,

doing everything he can to
keep his farm equipment company

from going under.

Frederick Maytag was
the perfect salesman

in that he wanted to keep
up with his customers

and he wanted them to
visit and to talk to him

about how to improve
his sales and products.

Hello, Mrs.
Classet, how are you?

Hi.

That looks painful.

Oh, I'm used to it.

[Narrator] Maytag
has made a living

helping farmers
mechanize their work,

but he's struck by one
job that still requires

intense manual labor.

A woman's work is
never done, as they say.

Monday was washing day,
the worst day of the week,

every woman loathed
washing clothes.

You'd start the
process by chopping wood.

There were no hot water heaters.

You had to make a
fire, boil the water,

you had to pump the water.

At every stage it was
hard manual labor.

[Narrator] A single
load of laundry

would typically use
about 50 gallons of water

for washing,
boiling, and rinsing,

requiring a woman to carry water

from a pump or well
eight to 10 times.

In the late 1800s, over
the course of a year,

the average housewife
will walk 148 miles

and carry over 36 tons
of water doing laundry.

Maytag believes if he
can use his company's

mechanical expertise to build
a better washing machine,

he could make a fortune.

But there are already several
different kinds on the market.

If he created a
product that was easy

for the housewife to operate,
if it was easy to repair,

then that product was
going to sell itself.

(tense music)

[Narrator] Maytag
and his engineers

tinker with the design.

In 1909, he has a new working
model called the Pastime.

It incorporated a flywheel,
a power assist, if you would,

that would give your
muscles more power

to agitate the laundry, and
make it a far less onerous task.

(knocking on door)

Good afternoon, Mrs. Classet.

Apologies for showing
up on announced.

But I wonder, do you have
any washing you need done?

[Narrator] In 1909,
Maytag introduces

the Pastime washing machine.

It's a new design created
to make life easier

for housewives who have
the backbreaking task

of washing their
clothes by hand.

He has come up with a
more efficient fly wheel,

which is placed underneath the
tub, less effort to activate.

[Frederick] We've
engineered this

to make washing a
lot easier for you.

It was all about
making it a much more

laborsaving device for women.

[Narrator] Maytag's
Pastime sells well,

helping him slowly dig
out of a financial hole.

But ultimately, the
appliance has a fatal flaw.

It still has to be
operated manually,

and Maytag's competitors
are one step ahead,

thanks to the technological
miracle of electricity.

When people came and
saw the different ways

in which they could
use the new power

of electricity to
change their lives,

that created excitement
for products.

Now suddenly you have the
opportunity to do the same labor

you were doing before,
but much faster.

(tense music)

(birds chirping)

[Narrator] Realizing
he must adapt

or get left behind, Frederick
Maytag wants electricity

to power his next
generation washing machine.

[Frederick] I don't
care what it costs.

I want this electric
washer up and running

by the end of the month.

[Man] Yes sir, Mr. Maytag.

[Narrator] Fortunately,
there's this inventor

by the name of Howard Snyder.

He's head of the
experimental lab,

as it was called back then.

[Narrator] But can
Snyder get the Pastime

to run on electricity?

(pensive music)

Howard Snyder
would be referred to

as a value added inventor.

He could take an existing
product and make it better.

And he built an electric motor

and had a different
style ringer.

With this type of
device, you could wash

a load of clothes
at the same time

that you're ringing
a load of clothes.

[Narrator] Sales of
Maytag's new electric

Pastime washing machine
begin to take off.

But it may not be enough.

Maytag and Snyder
recognized early on

that this machine
only basically serves

half of our customer base.

Housewives in town.

The problem was in the early
days of the 20th century,

farms were not electrified.

They are rural
locations that power

may not get to for
decades to come.

How was he going to market
his washing machine idea

to people without power?

[Narrator] Maytag
needs something

his rural customers who don't
have electricity can use,

but still something better than
just a hand cranked machine.

If he can't figure
this out, his business

won't survive long.

(insects chirping)
(mysterious music)

Like Maytag, Josephine Cochrane

is also facing a
difficult challenge.

By 1885, she's finished her
design for a dishwasher,

but doesn't know how to make it.

Josephine had her drawings,
but what she didn't have

was fabrication experience.

She really had to go out and
find a mechanical engineer

to build a prototype for her.

(knocking on door)
(tense music)

Did anyone see you?
No.

Good.

[Narrator]
Refusing to give up,

Cochrane looks to a
local railroad mechanic,

George Butters, for help,
but it won't be easy.

Now think about the time.

It would be strange
for a widowed woman

to be visited by single
men throughout the day

or evening or whenever
they might be doing

these innovative technical
discussions or work.

So they had to do this in secret

just to protect
their reputation.

Look at this.

We put a rack in this
machine to hold the dishes.

The hand crank will
make the wheel spin,

pumping the water up from
the bottom over the dishes.

Where are the scrubbers?

No scrubbers.

Water pressure.

There were some
machines in existence,

but the problem is they
used rotating brushes.

Imagine running your fine China
in a box through a carwash.

19th century China, even
machinemade, is pretty fragile.

A scrubber is gonna
chip it and break it.

So water pressure
is much gentler.

Can you build this design?

I'll try.

(pensive music)

In 1915, a 36 year old engineer
from Fort Wayne, Indiana

is working on an idea
that, if successful,

could revolutionize the
home and kitchen forever.

His name is Alfred Mellowes,
and he's struggling

to solve an ancient problem,
keeping food from spoiling.

Making sure that you
had food that was edible

throughout the year
was a major struggle.

People weren't making jam
because it was, you know, fun.

People were making jam
because that was how

you ate fruit during
the winter months.

(tense music)

[Narrator] But
by the mid1800s,

a groundbreaking
invention can be found

in many American homes.

It's a wooden cabinet
lined with metal,

insulated with
sawdust, and loaded

with a block of ice
to keep things cool.

The icebox was an invention
that truly transformed

how our culture
functioned, our diet.

You could put poultry,
you could put meat,

you could put dairy products
like milk and cheese,

and it would stay
fresh for several days.

(tense music)

[Narrator] By keeping
food from spoiling,

the ice box ends the daily
grind of going to the market,

but it is far from
a perfect solution.

They just couldn't maintain
a low enough temperature

to really preserve
food properly.

[Narrator] But by
the late 19th century,

advancements in technology
create artificial refrigeration.

Machines are built that
use compressed gases

as refrigerants
to keep food cold.

However, there is
one major drawback.

The problem is that
they're just gigantic.

They fill an entire warehouse.

There is no way to shrink a
refrigerating machine down

to the size that's
gonna fit in a kitchen.

[Narrator] But
Alfred Mellowes believes

there has to be a way to
make the home refrigerator

a reality.

A lot of the people
who did develop

household refrigerators
at the time

would have a refrigerator
box in the kitchen,

but the actual equipment
had to be located

in an adjoining room or
in somebody's basement.

Mellowes thought, well,
why don't I combine

all of this into one piece?

[Narrator] In 1915,
Mellowes is convinced

he can construct a
standalone refrigerator,

and that it could
earn him a fortune.

He begins work on a
compact prototype,

but size isn't the only
problem he needs to solve.

Leaks in early refrigerators
are not only common,

but can be deadly,
thanks to refrigerants

like sulfur dioxide.

As soon as sulfur
oxide combines

with any type of
moisture or water,

it becomes sulfuric acid.

Breathing sulfuric acid is
really bad for your lungs,

but it would also burn
and corrode materials

that are in the refrigerator.

It could eat away
at the structure,

causing it to collapse.

[Narrator] Mellowes believes
he's found the answer

in an innovative solution.

Copper tubing.

It was lightweight
and flexible

and could be run in long lengths

without a lot of joints in it
which could potentially leak.

It was the ideal thing
to use for his system.

And it took up less room than
what had been used before,

which was usually steel piping.

[Narrator] With the
flexible copper tubing,

Mellowes places the mechanical
guts of the refrigerator

at the bottom, creating
a single standalone unit.

After a year, Mellowes finally
completes his prototype...

And gives it a name.

The Guardian.

(tense music)

Let me see.

Can we possibly fill
an order this big?

[Narrator] Confident
his refrigerator

will be a huge success,
Mellowes moves his company

to the booming industrial
hub of Detroit, Michigan

and starts production.

But manufacturing them in
bulk will be a challenge,

because Mellowes hasn't
worked out the economics

of producing these
refrigerators at scale.

Each is handassembled,
taking more than a week

to complete just one unit.

So many startups do
have the great product

or the great idea, but they
don't have the great operators.

A great innovator can get in
the way of their own business.

They themselves end up
destroying their own companies.

[Narrator] In
the next two years,

Guardian will produce
only about 40 machines,

and lose $34,000 doing it.

The equivalent of
$850,000 today.

If Mellowes doesn't
stop the bleeding soon,

his company will go bankrupt.

(tense music)

So, how are we doing, Howard?

Where's that going?

Right over there.

[Narrator] Meanwhile,
Frederick Maytag

also struggles with
keeping his business alive.

By 1915, although electric power

is expanding across
America, it hasn't reached

the majority of Maytag's
primary customers.

Farmers.

That's when he has a revelation.

Instead of electricity, what
if a small gasoline motor

could be used to power
a washing machine?

"See what you
can do with this.

F.L."

(determined music)

Wait, what if it
was removable?

That could be it.

[Narrator] The
challenge is answered

with a machine called
the Multimotor.

The Multimotor was
a gaspowered engine

that could not only operate
that washing machine,

but operate other
items in their farm.

Not only is this a vast
improvement over the Pastime,

but the Multimotor will power
any piece of light machinery

that falls within
the power limits

of this marvelous little engine.

Water pump?

It'll power the daylights
out of a water pump.

[Narrator] In the
first nine months

of selling the Multimotor
washing machine,

Maytag has to increase
production

by 125% to meet demand.

Within two years, the
company produces 15,000.

But soon Maytag is
in trouble again.

(tense music)

[Narrator] In an
era when women's roles

are largely restricted to
taking care of children

and the home, inventor
Josephine Cochrane

defies all the rules.

[Josephine] Good.

Good, keep pumping.

We want the water pressure
as strong as possible.

[George] I think this
time it's gonna work.

[Narrator] Employing an
array of pumps and water tanks,

she's designed a
machine that ingeniously

uses water pressure instead
of scrubbers to clean dishes.

In 1885, after months of
working on a prototype,

it's time to test the machine.

Pretty darn clean.

Sure is.

And best of all, no chips!

[Narrator] But
Cochrane quickly finds

that selling her machine
will be much harder

than inventing it.

At around $100, the equivalent
of nearly $3000 today,

Cochrane's dishwasher
is a luxury item

out of reach for
most households.

You could hire five
kitchen maids for that,

and they could presumably
do other things

like chop potatoes
and sweep the floor.

And so the fact is she had
to come up with another plan.

So she started to think,
well, where else could use it?

Oh, hotels, restaurants.

They need dishwashers.

[Narrator] Cochrane
is ready to get

her dishwasher
out in the market,

but faces an obstacle that could

end her business
before it begins.

However, if you were to hire

a professional manager
to oversee production,

we would be happy
to speak with them.

There were virtually no women
who own their own companies.

Just was not common at
all, and frowned upon.

You know, women
weren't seen as being

capable of running businesses.

[Narrator] To have
any chance of success,

Cochrane needs another
way to sell her machine.

(pensive music)

They're looking for
inventor submissions.

Worth a shot.

(tense music)

In American history,
one of the big moments

is the Chicago World's Fair

of 1893.

These world's fairs
were promotional events

for people who were,
had some new idea,

and they wanted to show the
world what they could do.

For an industrial
kitchen, Josephine's machine

was a godsend, it saved
time, it saved money.

It could wash 250
dishes in two minutes.

Human hands couldn't do that.

And all the owners of
restaurants and hotels

were like, "yes, please,
where do I sign?"

[Narrator]
Cochrane's machine wins

a durability prize at the fair,

and her product finds a niche
with hotels and restaurants.

But the question remains.

Can she bring her
dishwasher to the masses?

So in her case, can
you take those concepts

and be affordable?

That's the next giant step.

(pensive music)

[Narrator] Meanwhile,
unlike Josephine Cochrane,

Alfred Mellowes has built
a smaller appliance

that can fit inside a home.

But by 1918, he's
only manufactured

about 40 refrigerators
in two years.

And now his business
is collapsing.

[Alfred] We can't
survive another month

if things keep going like this.

[Narrator] Mellowes'
company is about to fold,

unless something
changes and fast.

Is this the Guardian
refrigerator company?

It is, or was.

I'm Alfred Mellowes.

Pleased to meet you.

I'm William Durant.

(tense music)

Sure you are.

In the flesh.

William Durant was the
creator of General Motors.

He's wellknown as
Wild Billy Durant

and he's known for
taking big chances

and gambling on big ideas.

My friends tell me
you've had a tough go here,

but these new ice boxes,
they've got potential.

Here's what I'm thinking.

I'll run the business, you
concentrate on the machine.

So you would be
our top engineer,

no more operating
on a shoestring.

Why would a man
who makes automobiles

want to make refrigerators?

Well, the car is
a box with a motor.

This is just a
different kind of box.

(tense music)

[Narrator] Durant ponies
up today's equivalent

of nearly $1 million
of his own money

to buy Mellowes' dying company.

This is a technology
that's yet to be proven out,

and Durant doing
something like this

is a huge gamble at the time.

Our goal is 3000 units

produced by the end
of next year.

That's too many.

You have to think
bigger, Alfred.

Durant was insistent that
they go full steam ahead.

His attitude was damn the
torpedoes, let's get this done.

Now, I don't like Guardian.

You need a new name.

Well, what would you suggest?

Well, what are
we trying to do?

Make cold air.

That's all, cold air.

Not just cold air, frigid air.

Frigid air.

Frigidaire.

Frigidaire almost became
another name for a refrigerator,

and when I was growing up,
for example, I remember,

you know, people referring
to the refrigerator

as a Frigidaire, even if it
wasn't made by Frigidaire.

There are certain
things that both

the product and the brand
become one in the same.

Google today's a great example.

I'm gonna Google something,
and that's a big win.

It's about as big as it gets.

(pensive music)

(tense music)

More than 10 years after
her stunning success

at the 1893 Chicago
World's Fair,

Josephine Cochrane is
selling her dishwasher

to hotels and businesses
across the U. S.

But Cochrane knows the big
market is somewhere else.

For Cochrane, the
dream of the dishwasher

is turn the corner
and bring this product

down to a level that
would fit in the home

and it could be affordable
for the homeowner.

(pensive music)
(insects chirping)

[Narrator] In
addition to selling

to hotels and restaurants,
Cochrane works tirelessly

for years to create a more
affordable household version

that could earn her a fortune.

But it all takes a toll.

[Man] Why don't
you take a break?

It's been a long day.

Josephine Cochrane
was in charge.

She had her fingers in
every bit of her operation.

And her health began to fail.

[Narrator] In 1913, after
decades of doggedly pursuing

her dishwasher dream,
Cochrane suddenly dies.

She worked up until the end.

Her official cause of
death was a stroke,

but it's commonly believed
that she simply died

of nervous exhaustion from
running herself ragged

for so many years.

(tense music)

[Narrator] After
Cochrane's death,

her company would continue
selling dishwashers,

and in 1926, it's acquired
by Hobart Manufacturing,

who give Cochrane's design
a new name, KitchenAid,

a brand that will go on to
be worth almost $200 million.

Maytag's intuition and
hard work are paying off.

In 1916, his innovative
gasolinepowered Multimotor

has brought the washing
machine to thousands of farmers

and families
without electricity.

But as electric power
continues to become available

in more and more homes,
competition heats up.

Rivals, like the
Upton Machine Company,

one day known as Whirlpool,
are growing fast.

To keep up, Maytag expands
his line of electric washers,

building a new
factory to compete.

But the decision is a gamble.

The company had
borrowed a lot of money,

but the farm economy
began to slump,

and now the company's got some
real problems on its hands

as it looks to the future.

(tense music)

[Narrator] Meanwhile,
William Durant

is also facing a
financial catastrophe.

In 1919, his plan to
quickly mass produce

3000 Frigidaire
refrigerators is unraveling.

In the rush, leaks and
other defects are found

that caused the entire
line to shut down.

Our tests show
several of the motors

consistently overheat
and break down.

The assembly line will
need a complete overhaul.

The refrigerators that
Durant had manufactured

were a failure.

And the problem was that
they did have bugs in them,

enough bugs so that
the entire allotment

that they made had
to be scrapped.

[Narrator] The stress
from trying to meet

Durant's breakneck
schedule takes its toll

on Chief Engineer
Alfred Mellowes.

I am beyond exhausted.

I've given this some thought.

I'm resigning.

(tense music)

But this is your baby.

[Alfred] Not anymore.

[Narrator] With his top
engineer suddenly gone,

Durant needs a plan.

(rotary phone dialing)

As the President
of General Motors,

he puts his trust
into the engineers

of one of the world's
largest car companies

to build a reliable
refrigerator.

They've had access to
the newly established

General Motors research
laboratories in Dayton.

So it was logical that, well,
if we transfer down there,

those people have got the talent

maybe to be able to
turn this thing around.

[Narrator] The GM team works
tirelessly on a redesign.

What they come up
with is arguably

the first modernlooking
refrigerator, the Frigidaire B9.

It had adjustable shelves.

It had compartments
in the doors.

It had ice cube trays...

Which meant it had a
freezer compartment,

and meant that you
could have cocktails

at any point in your day.

[Narrator] The first B9
weighs more than 800 pounds

and costs $775,
over $11,000 today.

But the company reins
in manufacturing costs,

nearly cutting the price
in half, and sales explode.

So many had been sold
at a profitable level

that General Motors boasted
the profits from Frigidaire

have paid for all
of our dividends

on our preferred stock.

(pensive music)

[Narrator] By 1920,

Frederick Maytag is in trouble,

facing hundreds of
different manufacturers

in the crowded washing
machine market.

And now his company
owes creditors

$14 million in today's money.

By the dawn of the 1920s,
Maytag's in his sixties,

and his company is almost
on the verge bankruptcy.

[Narrator] But Maytag's
top engineer isn't giving up.

He realizes saving the company

means coming up
with an innovation

to set their washing
machines apart

from every other manufacturer.

(tense music)

[Howard] This is the key.

This is a boat motor.
I know.

But what does it
do under the water?

There are propellers
that create currents.

I can't believe I
didn't see this before.

Our agitator shouldn't
be at the top of the tub.

It needs to be under the
water, on the bottom.

(pensive music)

The longstanding
technology in terms

of washing clothes was
the agitator in the lid

and the cleaning
process was friction.

Snyder recognized a whole
different way to clean clothes.

What that did,
as it spun around,

it created current,
and that water moving

against the fabrics is what
was gonna clean the clothes

even better than
they had in the past.

And that's the same
technology that we have

in our washing machines today.

[Narrator] Soon,
Maytag unveils

a new electric washer
called the model 80,

also known as the Gyrafoam.

If this one doesn't sell, his
company will likely go under.

Gyrafoam.

We'll say it's a
tempest in a tub.

That's good.

(pensive music)

[Narrator] After
its release in 1922,

the Gyrafoam is an instant hit.

By 1926, Maytag is
selling onethird

of all washing
machines in America,

with sales of nearly $60
million, over $800 million today

Maytag goes on to be
one of the largest

manufacturers of washing
machines until 2006,

when the company is purchased
by their top competitor,

Whirlpool, for $1.7 billion.

I cannot imagine my life
without a washing machine.

I cannot imagine
the amount of time

I would be spending
doing all of those chores

if I didn't have all of
these magical appliances

in my house.

[Narrator] Meanwhile, washing
machines aren't the only

appliance changing
lives in American homes.

By the end of the 1930s,
nearly 50% of households

have refrigerators.

More and more companies got
into the refrigerator business

because they saw a
market, and they all had

slightly different models.

Kelvinator was an
important competitor.

Sears sold its own sort of
strippeddown cheap refrigerator

called the Cold Spot.

(tense music)

[Narrator] Despite the
competition, by 1929,

Frigidaire is on pace to
sell a million refrigerators,

but it happens without the
visionary who got them there.

Stock problems along with
an angry board of directors

force William Durant out
of General Motors in 1920.

Durant tries other ventures,
but the man called Wild Billy

never finds his way
back to the top.

After William Durant left
the employ of General Motors,

his various spendthrift
ways caught up with him.

Ultimately, he became totally
bankrupt and passed away,

really as pretty much a pauper.

[Narrator] By 1956,
Frigidaire produces

its 20 millionth refrigerator.

30 years later,
the company is sold

to European appliance maker
Electrolux for $773 million.

We can't say that
Durant invented

the household
refrigerator, but he was

certainly an important
part of its success.

[Narrator] Today,
Americans buy

about 8 million refrigerators,
10 million washing machines,

and 9 million
dishwashers each year,

spending $40 billion
annually on comforts

that previous generations
could only dream of.

I'm not sure the
young people today

fully appreciate
what it took for them

to open a fridge and
get something cold.

And when you throw your clothes
in that washing machine,

and the dishwasher, our
lives are so convenient now,

but there was a time
when it wasn't that easy.

I don't think most people
give it a second thought,

but they should,
because the machines

that made America made you.

(dramatic music)

Repair and Synchronization by
Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0