Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:27,761 --> 00:00:32,892
Do you find you're endlessly fascinated
by this thing on the front of your head?
2
00:00:34,067 --> 00:00:35,557
Well you're not alone
3
00:00:36,536 --> 00:00:39,972
We love faces,
our own and other peoples
4
00:00:41,708 --> 00:00:44,541
But why do faces
interest us so much
5
00:00:44,978 --> 00:00:47,913
and how much do they really
tell us about their owner?
6
00:00:51,384 --> 00:00:54,876
Like us, other animals are also
fascinated by what they see in the mirror
7
00:00:56,022 --> 00:01:00,755
but unlike us they think they're
looking at another animal
8
00:01:07,167 --> 00:01:10,330
Only chimps, and of course,
man can recognise their own reflection
9
00:01:10,503 --> 00:01:14,405
to know that what they
see is who they are- well,
10
00:01:14,574 --> 00:01:17,907
the intelligent ones
can do that anyway.
11
00:01:25,685 --> 00:01:28,347
Perhaps we pay too much
attention to faces
12
00:01:28,521 --> 00:01:31,979
My mother used to say,
"You can't tell a book from its cover"
13
00:01:32,792 --> 00:01:36,819
So how much does this
mug tell you about its owner?
14
00:01:38,898 --> 00:01:40,798
This is Vicky,
a 21 year old student
15
00:01:43,303 --> 00:01:45,271
Sometimes I'll think that,
you know,
16
00:01:45,438 --> 00:01:48,202
I'm the hottest chick in town
or something you know,
17
00:01:48,374 --> 00:01:52,105
I think, yeah I'm pretty, pretty cool
I'm an OK babe, you know
18
00:01:52,278 --> 00:01:57,841
And then it will be somebody's,
somebody will give me a really bad look,
19
00:01:58,251 --> 00:02:01,345
and then I'll remember that
I don't actually look that way
20
00:02:02,755 --> 00:02:06,088
Vicky has a rare genetic
disorder called cherubism
21
00:02:06,459 --> 00:02:09,121
and strangers can find
her face unnerving
22
00:02:10,463 --> 00:02:12,795
Some people will just look
and then they'll glance away
23
00:02:13,399 --> 00:02:18,701
But every now and then I'll come across
someone who'll stare and stare and stare
24
00:02:19,172 --> 00:02:23,609
really cold, hard stares,
someone is so curious that
25
00:02:23,776 --> 00:02:25,835
they just can't keep
their eyes off of me
26
00:02:29,682 --> 00:02:31,309
Vicky was a normal
looking baby
27
00:02:31,484 --> 00:02:34,715
It was only as she started
to grow that her parents
28
00:02:34,888 --> 00:02:36,185
noticed that something was wrong
29
00:02:36,556 --> 00:02:39,787
Vicky, when did you first notice
that your face was becoming different?
30
00:02:41,661 --> 00:02:44,960
Well, my mum first noticed
when I was about 4 years old
31
00:02:45,131 --> 00:02:47,326
and she was brushing
my teeth and noticed that
32
00:02:47,500 --> 00:02:51,994
my teeth were kind of higgledy piggledy
around my mouth you know not quite normal
33
00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:55,437
So I wasn't born looking like this
34
00:02:55,909 --> 00:02:59,208
How different are you now
from how you might have been
35
00:02:59,379 --> 00:03:01,438
if you'd grown up without
your face changing?
36
00:03:01,614 --> 00:03:05,243
When I was a little girl I was very
bossy and I was very boisterous
37
00:03:05,418 --> 00:03:10,515
and I was a terrible show off
and in my brother's christening video,
38
00:03:10,690 --> 00:03:13,557
you know there's me in
a dress singing nursery rhymes
39
00:03:13,726 --> 00:03:16,718
and pulling my dress up
and being absolutely horrendous
40
00:03:16,896 --> 00:03:20,627
But when I got to
the age of 12, 13,
41
00:03:20,800 --> 00:03:22,665
that's when I started
to become more withdrawn
42
00:03:22,835 --> 00:03:25,360
because that's when my face
started to get more severe
43
00:03:25,538 --> 00:03:28,974
That's when people at school
started to bully me
44
00:03:29,342 --> 00:03:31,139
And I think it was all
about being popular
45
00:03:31,311 --> 00:03:34,280
When you're a teenager you wanna
be popular, you wanna be normal,
46
00:03:34,447 --> 00:03:36,779
you wanna be in,
in with the crowd
47
00:03:37,150 --> 00:03:39,914
I've got a 16 year old daughter,
so I know how difficult that is
48
00:03:40,386 --> 00:03:42,217
Oh it's awful being
a teenage girl,
49
00:03:42,388 --> 00:03:45,846
you know there's nothing worse than
being a teenage girl believe me.
50
00:03:46,759 --> 00:03:50,820
The last thing you want to be
is different, which is what I was
51
00:03:51,364 --> 00:03:54,891
All the nasty people don't
want to know me really
52
00:03:55,268 --> 00:04:01,969
and it's good kind strong
people that I have as friends
53
00:04:02,208 --> 00:04:05,473
because they don't really
mind the way I look
54
00:04:05,712 --> 00:04:07,680
They like me for me
55
00:04:08,548 --> 00:04:12,143
When people first meet Vicky they
sometimes assume she's mentally retarded
56
00:04:12,318 --> 00:04:14,582
but it takes about sixty
seconds to discover
57
00:04:14,754 --> 00:04:18,622
she's a bright, funny, warm,
woman with a sparkling personality.
58
00:04:19,592 --> 00:04:22,891
So the interesting question
is how much information
59
00:04:23,062 --> 00:04:24,825
is our face actually giving out?
60
00:04:25,531 --> 00:04:27,294
And the other question is:
61
00:04:28,935 --> 00:04:30,869
Why does it look like this anyway?
62
00:04:34,507 --> 00:04:39,308
Once upon a time, though life
existed, there were no faces
63
00:04:40,079 --> 00:04:47,008
Then along came a sea creature with
the first facial feature - a mouth
64
00:04:47,487 --> 00:04:48,852
So it could eat
65
00:04:49,022 --> 00:04:52,685
A mere 200 million years
after that innovation,
66
00:04:52,992 --> 00:04:56,018
a creature emerged from
the primeval slime
67
00:04:56,296 --> 00:04:59,060
with the prototypes of
all our modern features
68
00:05:03,102 --> 00:05:05,866
And the first face to come out
of the water and breathe air,
69
00:05:06,039 --> 00:05:11,341
as I'm trying to do, did so
in December of our evolutionary year
70
00:05:11,577 --> 00:05:14,341
and it belonged to a little
reptile called acanthostega
71
00:05:14,514 --> 00:05:17,039
and I think there's
one over there
72
00:05:18,284 --> 00:05:23,483
Now if you look on the top of his
head you can see he's got internal ears
73
00:05:24,357 --> 00:05:32,230
But it's those tiny nostrils
just there that are so important
74
00:05:32,598 --> 00:05:39,436
And those tiny reptilian orifices
are the ancestor of our own hooters
75
00:05:42,008 --> 00:05:45,535
In those days noses were one of
the most important features of our faces
76
00:05:45,912 --> 00:05:49,473
Being low down on the ground
meant that smell was primary
77
00:05:49,649 --> 00:05:51,913
You were literally
led by your nose
78
00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:03,693
Most animals continued
to depend on their noses
79
00:06:04,230 --> 00:06:10,294
but our ancestors started to stand
upright and that changed everything
80
00:06:14,941 --> 00:06:19,503
as we know 5 million years ago or
something of that sort human beings
81
00:06:19,679 --> 00:06:22,842
changed from being on
4 feet to vertical
82
00:06:23,015 --> 00:06:25,108
You're higher
so you see better
83
00:06:25,284 --> 00:06:28,014
Any advantage being higher
as far as smell's concerned?
84
00:06:28,187 --> 00:06:30,655
Er no, but we don't
rely much on smell
85
00:06:30,823 --> 00:06:36,557
We don't walk along with our nose on the
ground like, like a 4 footed thing does
86
00:06:36,729 --> 00:06:40,130
As soon as you stand up it's
very boring to have to go down
87
00:06:40,299 --> 00:06:42,290
saying "Oh God that
was Auntie Margaret"
88
00:06:43,803 --> 00:06:48,001
So the moment you start standing up you,
you immediately make smell less important
89
00:06:48,174 --> 00:06:49,004
Yes
90
00:06:52,412 --> 00:06:55,347
So for humans, the dominant
sense became vision
91
00:06:56,082 --> 00:07:00,109
We learnt to recognise the
world by who and what we saw
92
00:07:13,466 --> 00:07:15,491
So two reasons why the
human face is important
93
00:07:15,668 --> 00:07:17,693
First, it means that we've
got our sight, hearing,
94
00:07:17,870 --> 00:07:21,431
right at the top of our bodies, near smell
and taste which is a good plan
95
00:07:21,607 --> 00:07:26,203
And our face is equally important
because our face is nature's name tag
96
00:07:26,312 --> 00:07:30,510
in other word, lt's a particular arrangement
in features that tells you I am me
97
00:07:30,683 --> 00:07:32,116
I am not Michall Palon
98
00:07:33,152 --> 00:07:38,715
and also it tells you I'm Northem European
and not Polanisan or Asian or Africa
99
00:07:45,398 --> 00:07:48,128
Even though there are
6 billion humans on this planet,
100
00:07:48,301 --> 00:07:50,633
no two faces are exactly alike
101
00:07:50,937 --> 00:07:53,997
Not even identical twins
are truly identical
102
00:07:54,907 --> 00:07:56,807
We're all different
103
00:08:11,190 --> 00:08:13,818
But some of us don't
want to look different
104
00:08:14,927 --> 00:08:18,328
Lisa comes from Mexico,
where her Latin features blend in
105
00:08:18,498 --> 00:08:24,061
But now she's settled in Los Angeles and
she wants to fit in with her white friends
106
00:08:27,874 --> 00:08:30,604
Spalding Drive cosmetic
surgery and dermatology
107
00:08:31,043 --> 00:08:34,535
...drop your chin
just a little bit
108
00:08:34,714 --> 00:08:37,808
She's come to plastic
surgeon Paul Nassif to find out
109
00:08:37,984 --> 00:08:39,849
what she could do
to change her nose
110
00:08:42,021 --> 00:08:44,854
When I look at myself in the mirror
I think I look very Latin
111
00:08:45,825 --> 00:08:50,728
And now even a step further
I've actually married a Jewish man
112
00:08:51,797 --> 00:08:55,233
going to synagogue being exposed
to a lot of the women there
113
00:08:55,401 --> 00:08:58,268
with these very thin little noses
114
00:08:59,038 --> 00:09:03,441
I actually would like to achieve
that type of nose, that's what I'd like
115
00:09:03,843 --> 00:09:05,743
Maybe I can kind've give you
a little better understanding
116
00:09:05,912 --> 00:09:09,678
I do like the real thin look of it
117
00:09:09,882 --> 00:09:15,081
Your primary concern is that
you nostrils are too wide?
118
00:09:15,254 --> 00:09:18,883
What you're describing to me,
it almost sounds like you want to have
119
00:09:19,058 --> 00:09:24,963
more of a Caucasian looking nose
- we call that a westernisation rhinoplasty
120
00:09:25,131 --> 00:09:30,501
I think for me socially I would
like to have that type of nose
121
00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:32,797
Every time I see someone with
a small little nose,
122
00:09:32,972 --> 00:09:34,963
I think gosh I would love
to have that type of nose
123
00:09:35,141 --> 00:09:36,870
I think it would be really nice
124
00:09:37,410 --> 00:09:40,470
As well as changing her nose Lisa's
also going to try and make herself
125
00:09:40,646 --> 00:09:45,549
look more European by having her
eyebrows lifted and her eyes widened
126
00:09:47,286 --> 00:09:49,345
Cannot wait to see
what I'm gonna look like
127
00:09:50,489 --> 00:09:52,320
Wake up to a new
and better you!
128
00:09:58,030 --> 00:10:02,490
And so we start now,
making an incision inside the nose
129
00:10:07,807 --> 00:10:14,679
This surgery is not without its risks
as her husband Mitchell is aware
130
00:10:14,914 --> 00:10:16,142
What if they mess if up?
131
00:10:16,315 --> 00:10:17,839
Lts messed up forever
132
00:10:18,017 --> 00:10:20,781
lts not like other kinds of surgery
where you could cover up with
133
00:10:20,953 --> 00:10:22,818
a long sleeved shirt
or something like that
134
00:10:22,989 --> 00:10:25,184
This is a whole different situation
lts her face
135
00:10:26,659 --> 00:10:31,187
Now there is maybe a one in a thousand
chance that when I make this cut here,
136
00:10:31,364 --> 00:10:34,231
that some of this tissue
may not heal properly
137
00:10:35,101 --> 00:10:39,231
which means if things go wrong,
Lisa could lose the end of her nose
138
00:10:40,373 --> 00:10:44,400
but that's a risk she's prepared
to take to make her face fit
139
00:10:44,877 --> 00:10:49,814
But will it actually help her to blend in?
We'll find out later
140
00:11:03,362 --> 00:11:05,626
Most animals like to
belong to a group
141
00:11:05,931 --> 00:11:10,129
Even the stupidest animal have learnt to
recognise the faces of their friends
142
00:11:10,302 --> 00:11:12,361
and pick them out from
the crowd even though
143
00:11:12,538 --> 00:11:15,530
to our eyes it's hard
to tell them apart
144
00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:21,769
But let's check it out
145
00:11:23,683 --> 00:11:27,312
Welcome Martha. Come right on in
Step right in
146
00:11:27,486 --> 00:11:30,216
Boy have you got something
to think about
147
00:11:32,425 --> 00:11:35,758
Martha is in a room looking at
pictures of two different sheep
148
00:11:36,929 --> 00:11:41,764
One of them's her friend Sam,
the other one's a total stranger
149
00:11:42,134 --> 00:11:44,034
But can Martha
tell the difference?
150
00:11:45,137 --> 00:11:48,903
Which one's her friend
- left or right?
151
00:11:49,975 --> 00:11:51,602
Can she work it out?
152
00:11:51,877 --> 00:11:52,901
Can you?
153
00:11:54,980 --> 00:12:01,351
Ooh, lts not easy
She's on the move
154
00:12:01,754 --> 00:12:05,121
Yes she's chosen Sam,
her friend! She's got it right
155
00:12:06,826 --> 00:12:08,987
Well done Martha, you win first prize
156
00:12:11,397 --> 00:12:16,232
And just to check that Martha's not a
particularly brainy sheep, here's Matilda
157
00:12:16,502 --> 00:12:18,834
Will she be able to
pick out Sam as easily?
158
00:12:20,740 --> 00:12:27,942
Uh oh, which one? She's spotted Sam
and she's off. Well done!
159
00:12:32,284 --> 00:12:36,550
Martha and Matilda aren't academics
of the sheep world, all sheep can do this
160
00:12:37,356 --> 00:12:40,814
It's more than just a good party trick
It's a key survival skill
161
00:12:41,460 --> 00:12:44,429
They have a very good visual sense,
so it's not terribly surprising that
162
00:12:44,530 --> 00:12:49,229
they've turned this to actually allow
them to identify important individuals,
163
00:12:49,401 --> 00:12:53,235
both family and friends within the flock,
but also threatening individuals,
164
00:12:53,405 --> 00:12:57,671
either dominant members of the flock,
or alternatively of course, predators
165
00:12:57,843 --> 00:13:01,006
Using visual cues
And the area of the animal,
166
00:13:01,413 --> 00:13:04,905
same way as ourselves,
that varies most is the face
167
00:13:06,819 --> 00:13:11,188
Humans have the most sophisticated face
recognition system of any animal
168
00:13:11,891 --> 00:13:16,794
Even very young babies can recognise the
faces that are important to them
169
00:13:23,769 --> 00:13:28,832
Just how young this ability begins is
being tested at Birkbeck College in London
170
00:13:30,075 --> 00:13:33,340
Tatiana and her mum are going to be part
of an experiment to find out whether
171
00:13:33,512 --> 00:13:38,074
Tatiana can recognise her mum's face and
distinguish it from that of a stranger
172
00:13:42,054 --> 00:13:44,750
It's important for babies to recognize
the faces of their mother
173
00:13:45,324 --> 00:13:48,316
and other important people in their
life from very early in life,
174
00:13:48,494 --> 00:13:51,554
because these are the people who
are going to be taking care of them
175
00:13:51,730 --> 00:13:55,598
and babies are very helpless and they rely
on other people in order to survive
176
00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:01,563
This hairnet of electrical sensors will
measure Tatiana's brain waves
177
00:14:01,740 --> 00:14:06,143
as she looks at pictures of her mum
and of someone she's never seen before
178
00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:10,508
When she sees the stranger,
the sensors show that
179
00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:14,175
although she knows she's looking
at a face, she just can't recognise it
180
00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:21,591
But when she looks at her mum's
face it's quite different
181
00:14:21,760 --> 00:14:25,196
Her brainwaves show there's
immediate recognition
182
00:14:28,634 --> 00:14:32,434
That's because it's not actually
the eye that recognises faces
183
00:14:32,771 --> 00:14:37,003
It's the brain that does all the hard
work of processing and interpreting
184
00:14:42,681 --> 00:14:46,777
I went to find out more from brain
expert Dr. Ramachandran
185
00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:55,123
Smells good, doesn't it?
186
00:14:55,294 --> 00:14:58,627
Yeah, fried black butter,
few capers - terrific
187
00:15:08,207 --> 00:15:13,804
There are 100 billion nerve
cells in the cortex
188
00:15:15,648 --> 00:15:20,517
And the entire back part of the brain,
a large chunk of the back part of the brain,
189
00:15:20,686 --> 00:15:23,280
almost half the brain,
is devoted primarily to seeing
190
00:15:23,989 --> 00:15:25,047
I mean, that's extraordinary
191
00:15:25,791 --> 00:15:28,851
If anything says what
an incredibly visual species
192
00:15:29,028 --> 00:15:32,759
we are the fact that half
the brain is devoted to seeing
193
00:15:32,932 --> 00:15:34,160
It's extraordinary
194
00:15:34,733 --> 00:15:38,931
But what Dr. Ramachandran told me
next was even more astonishing
195
00:15:40,005 --> 00:15:42,599
And it's amazing how there's
a big chunk of that
196
00:15:42,775 --> 00:15:46,176
that's dedicated almost entirely
to recognising faces
197
00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:50,805
And this is because human beings, primates
in general, are highly visual creatures
198
00:15:51,450 --> 00:15:53,645
So think of the millions of faces
you've seen in a lifetime
199
00:15:53,819 --> 00:15:56,652
All that information gets stored
in this region
200
00:15:58,557 --> 00:16:01,549
This face recognition centre sits
here at the back of the brain
201
00:16:01,727 --> 00:16:07,393
and in an area only a few cm wide
we store the images of billions of faces
202
00:16:17,476 --> 00:16:20,343
And just as important as it is
for a child to recognise its parent,
203
00:16:20,512 --> 00:16:24,972
it's also important for every
parent to recognise their child
204
00:16:28,253 --> 00:16:30,153
One of these young women
is my daughter
205
00:16:30,489 --> 00:16:33,947
dad, can I have some money?
Take it.
206
00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:35,286
Thank you
207
00:16:36,495 --> 00:16:38,258
because I recognise her face as well
208
00:16:39,064 --> 00:16:44,764
lmagine, however, not being able
to recognise one of your own children
209
00:16:54,146 --> 00:16:59,345
One of the first instances where I
realised that I didn't recognise faces
210
00:16:59,585 --> 00:17:03,180
was when my son was standing
in front of a store with two friends,
211
00:17:03,489 --> 00:17:07,550
I figured I have to know at
least one of these three kids
212
00:17:09,294 --> 00:17:12,661
So I was studying their faces as
I walked directly towards them
213
00:17:13,165 --> 00:17:17,033
I had no idea who any of them were
until the one in the centre went
214
00:17:17,536 --> 00:17:18,594
Hi Dad
215
00:17:19,838 --> 00:17:20,964
Hi Dad
216
00:17:25,511 --> 00:17:28,708
Jim lost the ability to recognize
faces 5 years ago,
217
00:17:28,881 --> 00:17:32,544
following a brain operation
to remove a massive blood clot
218
00:17:35,220 --> 00:17:37,984
Trying to find someone,
no matter how well I know them,
219
00:17:38,824 --> 00:17:40,917
is an impossible task for me
220
00:17:42,995 --> 00:17:45,054
I've had to go to the beach
to look for the kids
221
00:17:46,065 --> 00:17:51,970
Well how do I find my two kids out
of all of these people on the beach?
222
00:17:54,273 --> 00:17:57,606
There has been a few occasions that
my dad got myself and a friend
223
00:17:57,776 --> 00:18:00,711
confused like he didn't know
which one was me
224
00:18:02,915 --> 00:18:04,177
It's strange
225
00:18:04,850 --> 00:18:07,580
It's hard because you want your parent
to know what you look like
226
00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:13,155
It is kind of upsetting in a way
because he can't look at me
227
00:18:13,792 --> 00:18:16,590
and see how I've grown during
the past five years
228
00:18:17,262 --> 00:18:19,628
He can't see exactly
what I look like
229
00:18:20,132 --> 00:18:23,158
You know like, when you look at me you
can see my whole face in one picture;
230
00:18:23,635 --> 00:18:28,129
you can see if I have small ears,
big ears, a small nose, what colour my eyes are
231
00:18:28,307 --> 00:18:32,403
He has to, he would have
to look at you closely
232
00:18:32,778 --> 00:18:37,442
He could look at your left eye,
then he could look at your nose,
233
00:18:37,616 --> 00:18:39,880
then he could look at your
lips and your mouth,
234
00:18:40,052 --> 00:18:43,180
but his problem is that you can't
put it all together into one picture
235
00:18:44,156 --> 00:18:46,283
I don't even notice
that people have faces
236
00:18:46,458 --> 00:18:51,020
I accept the fact they do
and then I'll look where I know
237
00:18:51,196 --> 00:18:55,565
the face belongs but there's
never any recognition there
238
00:18:57,402 --> 00:19:01,133
One crucial part of the recognizing
system of his brain is missing
239
00:19:04,209 --> 00:19:07,940
Every time we see a face our brain
automatically checks it against
240
00:19:08,113 --> 00:19:11,640
the billions of faces stored
in our memory to try and
241
00:19:14,586 --> 00:19:18,579
Jim still has a databank of faces stored
in his brain from before the accident
242
00:19:19,391 --> 00:19:21,052
he just can't access them
243
00:19:23,362 --> 00:19:26,354
OK Jim here's another photograph
- can you tell me what you see
244
00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:32,169
Uh oh. I know the smile
but I no idea whose smile it is
245
00:19:32,704 --> 00:19:37,505
This is roughly how Jim sees faces
- can you guess who it is?
246
00:19:37,676 --> 00:19:44,844
Let me give you the names of a few people
and see if anyone rings a bell for you
247
00:19:45,150 --> 00:19:47,345
with regard to this photograph
OK?
248
00:19:48,687 --> 00:19:54,648
Hillary Clinton, Goldie Hawn,
Princess Diana
249
00:19:56,061 --> 00:19:58,359
Any of those names ring a bell?
250
00:19:58,630 --> 00:20:02,726
All of those names rang a bell
but not in connection with that photograph
251
00:20:03,869 --> 00:20:07,669
Well if you had to guess between
Hillary Clinton and Princess Diana,
252
00:20:09,541 --> 00:20:12,476
what would be your guess?
253
00:20:16,848 --> 00:20:19,180
If one of those names is correct,
254
00:20:20,852 --> 00:20:24,754
I'll go by hair colour
and say Hillary Clinton
255
00:20:25,424 --> 00:20:27,392
Well it's not Hillary Clinton
256
00:20:27,693 --> 00:20:30,457
OK well that narrowed
the list didn't it?
257
00:20:32,898 --> 00:20:36,163
I guess like a lot of
other things I never realized
258
00:20:36,335 --> 00:20:40,169
how important facial recognition
was until I lost it
259
00:21:17,743 --> 00:21:21,577
Being able to match any new face
we see against the ones already stored
260
00:21:21,747 --> 00:21:26,878
in our memory is such an important
skill we're even teaching it to machines
261
00:21:45,737 --> 00:21:47,762
Here in Newham in East London,
they're using state of
262
00:21:47,939 --> 00:21:51,841
the art computer technology
to clamp down on crime
263
00:21:52,444 --> 00:21:55,675
They've stored images of the
faces of hundreds of known criminals
264
00:21:55,847 --> 00:22:01,114
And by scanning the streets with CCTV
cameras their face recognition software
265
00:22:01,286 --> 00:22:05,848
can check faces in the crowd within
seconds to see just who's out there
266
00:22:10,729 --> 00:22:13,994
To see how good this machine brain
is at recognising faces,
267
00:22:14,166 --> 00:22:16,828
I've volunteered to
put it to the test
268
00:22:17,502 --> 00:22:20,528
Do you want to see my upper
class brother "Oi I say."
269
00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:25,105
My name is Jasper,
Jasper Cleese...
270
00:22:25,944 --> 00:22:28,742
The computer's interested
in my vital statistics...
271
00:22:28,914 --> 00:22:30,279
nothing too exciting...
272
00:22:30,449 --> 00:22:35,819
measurements like the distance between
my eyes are stored as well as my mugshot
273
00:22:53,038 --> 00:22:56,439
Once the camera homes in on my
face the computer measures it
274
00:22:56,608 --> 00:22:59,304
and searches the
database for a match
275
00:23:04,649 --> 00:23:09,916
The actual speed of the solution can be
as fast as fifteen million faces a minute
276
00:23:09,988 --> 00:23:12,013
that's how many
is can search through
277
00:23:17,863 --> 00:23:18,921
It's got me...
278
00:23:20,565 --> 00:23:24,023
But will it spot
my cross-dressing...?
279
00:23:34,312 --> 00:23:35,870
One last disguise
280
00:24:00,405 --> 00:24:03,067
Bingo - I've fooled the machine
281
00:24:04,743 --> 00:24:07,735
John had a hat that was
pulled down very much over his eyes,
282
00:24:07,913 --> 00:24:11,371
and then made worse by
these very very dark glasses,
283
00:24:12,984 --> 00:24:14,417
and the glasses had
quite a large frame
284
00:24:14,586 --> 00:24:18,386
so we ended up almost
losing really what's our key area
285
00:24:20,425 --> 00:24:24,293
But none of you were fooled by my
silly sunglasses and hat, were you?
286
00:24:24,996 --> 00:24:28,193
The machine was fooled because
it relies on measuring features
287
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:30,991
The fact that none of
us was fooled shows
288
00:24:31,169 --> 00:24:34,832
that we recognise faces
in a different way from machines
289
00:24:36,475 --> 00:24:40,605
Our brains operate in a more,
how shall I put it, artistic way
290
00:24:41,980 --> 00:24:48,112
This is the face of a well known
British celebrity - do you recognise him?
291
00:24:54,025 --> 00:24:55,856
...is it getting any easier?
292
00:25:03,468 --> 00:25:07,928
Isn't it strange that its much
easier for the brain to recognize
293
00:25:08,106 --> 00:25:13,066
an exaggerated caricature of the
face than a more accurate line drawing
294
00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:19,249
So why do we find it so much easier
to recognise a caricature?
295
00:25:19,618 --> 00:25:25,284
Some experts believe its because
that's how the brain itself works
296
00:25:27,092 --> 00:25:30,323
It wouldn't surprise me at all
if what the artist is doing is actually
297
00:25:30,495 --> 00:25:34,124
mimicking the very processes
that are going on in your own brain
298
00:25:34,299 --> 00:25:35,630
when you look at any person
299
00:25:36,635 --> 00:25:39,798
And what the brain seems to be
doing every time it looks at a face
300
00:25:39,971 --> 00:25:43,134
is searching for differences
from the norm
301
00:25:43,542 --> 00:25:46,102
lts looking for features that
it can exaggerate and caricature
302
00:25:46,278 --> 00:25:49,304
to help it remember
the person next time
303
00:25:52,751 --> 00:25:54,776
This theory is new
and it strikes a chord with
304
00:25:54,953 --> 00:25:57,854
professional caricaturists
like Tim Watts
305
00:26:01,593 --> 00:26:06,257
I think in caricature you can
unlock or heighten or underline
306
00:26:06,431 --> 00:26:11,334
what it is about that person's face which
makes them different from another person
307
00:26:23,348 --> 00:26:25,009
I think what's going on
is your brain
308
00:26:25,183 --> 00:26:28,277
is in a sense producing
an internal caricature
309
00:26:28,553 --> 00:26:31,989
In fact there have been experiments
showing that you recognise caricatures
310
00:26:32,157 --> 00:26:35,320
faster and more accurately than the
original that was shown to you
311
00:26:38,496 --> 00:26:44,731
So here are Prince Charles and George
W. Bush. But what about my face?
312
00:26:46,471 --> 00:26:49,963
John Cleese has a sort
of banana shaped face
313
00:26:50,141 --> 00:26:54,202
His chin comes up at the bottom and
his forehead sort of comes over
314
00:26:54,379 --> 00:26:57,507
at the top here, which creates a sort
of moon, crescent moon shape,
315
00:26:57,682 --> 00:27:00,651
not quite Mister Punch cos he hasn't
got the hooked nose of Punch
316
00:27:00,819 --> 00:27:08,248
His chin is large, but it's not large
in a Kirk Douglas or Errol Flynn type way,
317
00:27:08,426 --> 00:27:11,486
it does have something
of an underhang as well
318
00:27:12,097 --> 00:27:15,396
Well, of course, what's really good
about it is that he looks so young
319
00:27:15,567 --> 00:27:18,695
then there's the big chin
I'm surprised he got that
320
00:27:19,371 --> 00:27:21,396
And with caricature you
can't make everything big,
321
00:27:21,573 --> 00:27:25,270
you can't exaggerate everything,
so with Cleese something has to give
322
00:27:25,443 --> 00:27:28,037
and in his instance
it's the nose,
323
00:27:28,213 --> 00:27:31,671
the nose becomes smaller
and more sort of delicate
324
00:27:31,850 --> 00:27:35,877
The nose is very good, rather pointed,
a little bit like a rodent
325
00:27:36,554 --> 00:27:41,048
I think with Cleese probably most
people think of Basil Fawlty
326
00:27:41,226 --> 00:27:45,560
so it has a severity about the
expression, the bulging eyes
327
00:27:48,833 --> 00:27:52,269
But can the puppet do this?
328
00:27:57,475 --> 00:28:02,310
So we store our memories of peoples
faces up here as their caricatures
329
00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:06,075
And then we match that caricature to
the particular face we're looking at
330
00:28:06,251 --> 00:28:09,652
Except that I think there's something
missing. And I want to check it out
331
00:28:15,493 --> 00:28:17,620
What's missing is emotion
332
00:28:18,530 --> 00:28:22,022
We all know that we react differently
to different peoples' faces
333
00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:25,727
so I'm off to meet a woman who's going
to give me a sort of lie detector test
334
00:28:25,904 --> 00:28:29,931
to see which faces really affect
me and which leave me cold
335
00:28:36,347 --> 00:28:38,577
So why don't you give
me your left hand
336
00:28:38,750 --> 00:28:42,652
and what I'm going to do first
is just wipe off some dead skin cells
337
00:28:42,821 --> 00:28:44,618
that way we get
a better connection
338
00:28:45,156 --> 00:28:47,181
Poor dead skin cells
339
00:28:47,726 --> 00:28:50,217
Carrie attaches electrodes
to my skin to measure how sweaty
340
00:28:50,395 --> 00:28:54,832
it gets when I get emotional
The results are shown on a computer screen
341
00:28:55,633 --> 00:28:56,998
Unfortunately being
a typical uptight Englishman
342
00:28:57,168 --> 00:28:59,068
there's not much
going on at the moment
343
00:28:59,904 --> 00:29:02,930
But Carrie thinks she can
get me more excited
344
00:29:03,908 --> 00:29:08,368
So why don't you recount your
most vivid recent fantasy for us
345
00:29:08,713 --> 00:29:13,582
My most vivid recent fantasy
was of West Ham United
346
00:29:13,752 --> 00:29:19,918
beating Leeds United
7 - 0 at Elland Road
347
00:29:21,292 --> 00:29:26,628
And that was, boy that was good...
Di Canio got 4
348
00:29:27,365 --> 00:29:28,992
That was a recent sexual fantasy?
349
00:29:29,100 --> 00:29:31,534
No, no sexual, you say fantasy
350
00:29:31,703 --> 00:29:32,829
the sexual fantasy...
351
00:29:33,805 --> 00:29:41,143
Recent sexual fantasy
Maggie Thatcher...
352
00:29:42,247 --> 00:29:45,614
Alright I'll think of
something really nice
353
00:29:48,653 --> 00:29:50,245
Suitable to the
television audience
354
00:29:50,421 --> 00:29:51,718
Oh, I have to say it out loud
355
00:29:51,890 --> 00:29:57,692
Yeah, part of the embarrassment
so you can see your response going up
356
00:29:59,898 --> 00:30:02,230
lts disappeared right off the screen!
357
00:30:02,834 --> 00:30:05,632
That was terrific and
I hadn't even started yet
358
00:30:09,374 --> 00:30:13,037
Enough of my offbeat fantasies,
time to get on with the test
359
00:30:14,479 --> 00:30:18,779
When I react positively or negatively
to a face the line should jump
360
00:30:20,518 --> 00:30:23,578
My daughter's face is the first
face to provoke a reaction
361
00:30:23,855 --> 00:30:25,345
lots and lots of emotion
362
00:30:27,258 --> 00:30:37,634
That's a great face - looks so English
- weird creature - Saddam Hussein
363
00:30:39,070 --> 00:30:42,471
I looked at and didn't
feel as antagonistic to him
364
00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:43,937
as I expected I would have
365
00:30:44,108 --> 00:30:45,803
That's interesting because
that was one of the pictures
366
00:30:45,977 --> 00:30:48,878
you recognised that you didn't
get a response to
367
00:30:49,047 --> 00:30:50,708
The positive one's
the Dalai Lama
368
00:30:50,882 --> 00:30:53,476
You got a big response
to the Dalai Lama
369
00:30:53,651 --> 00:30:55,278
Yeah - he touches everyone
370
00:30:55,453 --> 00:30:58,684
Your body almost seemed to relax when
you were looking at the Dalai Lama
371
00:30:58,857 --> 00:31:00,620
that you got a very
large response,
372
00:31:00,792 --> 00:31:04,888
I think to him and your
daughter and Jerry Springer
373
00:31:05,063 --> 00:31:07,930
those were your
largest reactions
374
00:31:08,099 --> 00:31:12,729
Rather insane to react
more strongly to Jerry Springer
375
00:31:12,904 --> 00:31:15,031
than to Hitler
and Saddam Hussein
376
00:31:17,075 --> 00:31:19,066
So the emotional responses
we have to some faces
377
00:31:19,244 --> 00:31:21,872
are not always the ones
we would predict
378
00:31:24,148 --> 00:31:27,606
And it turns out that this
emotion can be so strong
379
00:31:27,785 --> 00:31:30,982
that it actually affects our
ability to recognise someone
380
00:31:31,155 --> 00:31:35,558
And we know this because of a young man
who had a very nasty car accident
381
00:31:41,566 --> 00:31:42,760
I was sitting in the back
382
00:31:43,134 --> 00:31:46,399
The car tried to go a little bit towards
the left to avoid this other car
383
00:31:46,938 --> 00:31:52,843
and it flipped three times and one of
those flips I went flying out of the car
384
00:31:53,211 --> 00:31:57,238
and I landed partly on
my head in the highway
385
00:32:02,654 --> 00:32:06,055
David spent the next three
weeks critically ill in a coma
386
00:32:07,492 --> 00:32:09,858
Because the visual part of
his brain was damaged
387
00:32:10,028 --> 00:32:13,896
David couldn't recognize
his family and friends
388
00:32:15,033 --> 00:32:19,868
But most of his friends came to visit
and he didn't know who they were
389
00:32:19,938 --> 00:32:21,269
He forgot his girlfriend...
390
00:32:22,507 --> 00:32:26,409
he had a wonderful girlfriend,
and they were very much in love
391
00:32:26,577 --> 00:32:29,205
and he didn't know who she was
392
00:32:30,281 --> 00:32:33,375
But that wasn't the whole story
it was much stranger than that
393
00:32:33,851 --> 00:32:39,619
David became convinced that his
parents had been replaced by aliens
394
00:32:40,391 --> 00:32:45,385
He was in the hospital,
I would go in and talk to him
395
00:32:45,563 --> 00:32:50,967
and he wouldn't even call me mother
or anything and not only that
396
00:32:51,135 --> 00:32:56,038
but after five minutes if I would go
outside and come back five minutes
397
00:32:56,207 --> 00:33:01,770
afterwards he would then just think
I was someone different
398
00:33:06,150 --> 00:33:10,951
David's is the only case like this
that Dr. Ramachandran has come across
399
00:33:11,889 --> 00:33:15,723
Certain patients who've been in
a car accident, for example,
400
00:33:15,893 --> 00:33:19,056
and have had a head injury and they've
been in a coma for a couple of weeks
401
00:33:19,230 --> 00:33:23,462
and they come out of this coma, they seem
completely normal in most respects
402
00:33:23,634 --> 00:33:25,329
They can talk fluently,
they can read a book,
403
00:33:25,503 --> 00:33:29,303
and their memory seems
intact, right?
404
00:33:29,841 --> 00:33:33,572
But the patient looks at his
mother and he says "Doctor,
405
00:33:33,745 --> 00:33:36,612
this woman looks exactly like
my mother, but she is not my mother,
406
00:33:36,781 --> 00:33:42,413
she is some other woman pretending
to be my mother; she's an imposter
407
00:33:43,154 --> 00:33:46,487
John let me introduce you
to David... and Rosita...
408
00:33:46,657 --> 00:33:47,646
How are you?
409
00:33:47,825 --> 00:33:50,521
Fine... old but good
410
00:33:51,429 --> 00:33:53,522
Hi. Nice to meet you
411
00:33:55,099 --> 00:33:58,694
The strangest thing
was one day he told me,
412
00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:01,862
it was evening time and
I was preparing dinner
413
00:34:02,507 --> 00:34:04,668
And he said you know the
lady who comes in the morning
414
00:34:04,842 --> 00:34:07,276
and cooks breakfast cooks
so much better than you do...
415
00:34:07,812 --> 00:34:10,440
and it was me all the time
I was the one
416
00:34:11,082 --> 00:34:18,181
With his dad too he had
a similar experience As I recall
417
00:34:18,356 --> 00:34:21,814
When you first came here and
your dad had brought you here
418
00:34:22,660 --> 00:34:24,787
I remember you were denying
it was your dad,
419
00:34:24,962 --> 00:34:27,726
you were saying it was some
other old man who brought you here
420
00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:30,527
and I asked you why this man
should be here and you said no,
421
00:34:30,701 --> 00:34:32,168
no he just takes care of me
422
00:34:32,336 --> 00:34:35,100
He used to tell me I'm
going to tell my dad that
423
00:34:35,273 --> 00:34:36,934
you don't drive as well
as he does
424
00:34:37,375 --> 00:34:40,970
I wanted him to meet him
Because it will some day get him
425
00:34:41,145 --> 00:34:43,238
to drive correctly
like my father does
426
00:34:43,781 --> 00:34:49,845
Go forbid about that
It was hard to believe what I was hearing
427
00:34:50,021 --> 00:34:53,889
After the accident, David honestly
believed that his parents
428
00:34:54,058 --> 00:34:57,425
had been replaced by complete
strangers who just happened
429
00:34:57,595 --> 00:34:59,620
to look like his father and mother
430
00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:04,396
But how is it that when
David looks at his mother
431
00:35:04,569 --> 00:35:07,037
he sees a stranger
who looks exactly like her
432
00:35:07,205 --> 00:35:09,537
what's going on
inside his head?
433
00:35:14,545 --> 00:35:16,945
Well, every time David
looks at his mother's face,
434
00:35:17,115 --> 00:35:20,516
the information is passed to the face
recognition centre in the brain
435
00:35:20,685 --> 00:35:26,749
So far, so good. Then that information
should travel on to another area
436
00:35:26,924 --> 00:35:30,883
of the brain so that her face can be
given the appropriate emotional tag
437
00:35:32,230 --> 00:35:36,166
It's the combination of the two which
assures him he's looking at his mother
438
00:35:38,202 --> 00:35:40,500
And this is where David's
problems started
439
00:35:40,671 --> 00:35:44,573
the car accident damaged
the link between the two areas
440
00:35:46,110 --> 00:35:50,046
So because the face area of the brain is
intact he can still say whose face it is
441
00:35:50,214 --> 00:35:52,182
He'll say "it's my
mother's face."
442
00:35:52,583 --> 00:35:55,177
But because the wire
going from there is cut
443
00:35:55,353 --> 00:35:57,321
there's no emotional
response to his mother
444
00:35:57,488 --> 00:35:59,080
So he says, "My god,
if this is my mother,
445
00:35:59,257 --> 00:36:02,420
why is there no warmth,
why is there no terror?
446
00:36:02,593 --> 00:36:04,754
Why don't I experience any
emotions when I see my mother,
447
00:36:04,929 --> 00:36:08,160
so this must be some other strange
woman pretending to be my mother
448
00:36:09,834 --> 00:36:13,702
It's 5 years since David's accident
and he's made a remarkable recovery
449
00:36:15,106 --> 00:36:17,939
He's a different person from
what he was five years ago
450
00:36:19,110 --> 00:36:26,482
He knows who his sisters are
He knows who the people around him are
451
00:36:32,757 --> 00:36:37,490
The emotional charge that we get
when we recognise a face is so important to us
452
00:36:38,095 --> 00:36:41,792
that if a familiar face doesn't trigger
the appropriate response our brain
453
00:36:41,966 --> 00:36:47,268
comes up with this extraordinary
rationalisation this must be an imposter
454
00:36:50,074 --> 00:36:54,977
What happened to David shows that
too little emotion is a big problem
455
00:36:55,146 --> 00:36:57,842
when it comes to
recognising faces
456
00:36:59,016 --> 00:37:02,747
So do strong emotions
mess up our perceptions?
457
00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:07,254
What happens say if we're the
victim of some brutal crime?
458
00:37:14,632 --> 00:37:17,396
I had gone to bed
early that evening
459
00:37:17,568 --> 00:37:21,299
and around three thirty
was awakened by a sound
460
00:37:30,248 --> 00:37:33,183
Someone jumped on me and
pinned my hands beside my head
461
00:37:33,351 --> 00:37:38,448
And I realised very quickly
that it wasn't someone I knew
462
00:37:38,623 --> 00:37:41,717
And he proceeded to rape me
463
00:37:43,961 --> 00:37:46,657
First of all I tried to adjust
my eyes to whatever
464
00:37:46,831 --> 00:37:49,265
light was coming through my windows
465
00:37:50,334 --> 00:37:57,172
And then I just studied his face for
scars or tattoos or jewellery or facial hair
466
00:37:59,043 --> 00:38:04,140
I probably had about 15 to 20 minutes
of total time that I looked at him
467
00:38:04,315 --> 00:38:07,512
and I really tried hard to look at him,
even though you don't want to,
468
00:38:07,685 --> 00:38:11,416
I did try very hard to keep focused and,
and look at him
469
00:38:14,592 --> 00:38:19,052
Jennifer managed to escape from her
attacker and describe him to the police
470
00:38:19,864 --> 00:38:23,322
I thought Jennifer was an outstanding
witness for a number of reasons
471
00:38:23,501 --> 00:38:29,565
She was able to articulate extremely
well what happened to her
472
00:38:30,107 --> 00:38:32,200
during the course of
the sexual assault
473
00:38:32,376 --> 00:38:34,844
In addition to that
she was able to vividly
474
00:38:35,346 --> 00:38:37,746
provide a description
of her assailant
475
00:38:39,517 --> 00:38:43,578
Jennifer went through the standard police
procedure, describing her assailant
476
00:38:43,754 --> 00:38:48,589
and then creating an identikit picture
of him feature by feature
477
00:38:49,560 --> 00:38:52,495
It was not easy
- it was very difficult
478
00:38:53,130 --> 00:38:57,863
I really never understood how many
nostrils there are in the world,
479
00:38:58,035 --> 00:39:02,404
how many bridges of the nose
480
00:39:02,573 --> 00:39:04,871
There's just so much involved
in a facial description
481
00:39:05,042 --> 00:39:08,773
But once we were done I felt
fairly confident that he,
482
00:39:08,946 --> 00:39:13,747
that the picture that we came up
with was as close to the person
483
00:39:13,918 --> 00:39:16,250
who assaulted me as
I could possibly get
484
00:39:17,822 --> 00:39:21,280
Within two days of the investigation
there were six individuals
485
00:39:21,459 --> 00:39:23,120
who had surfaced as suspects
486
00:39:24,028 --> 00:39:28,658
We developed a photo line up
involving those 6 individuals
487
00:39:30,601 --> 00:39:32,569
Jennifer identified
a young black man
488
00:39:32,737 --> 00:39:36,366
called Ronald Cotton
as the man who raped her
489
00:39:37,575 --> 00:39:41,204
Two days later she was asked to come to
a line up at the local police station
490
00:39:41,479 --> 00:39:44,505
Once again she picked
out Ronald Cotton
491
00:39:45,483 --> 00:39:49,112
Even though she was severely
traumatised Jennifer was determined
492
00:39:49,286 --> 00:39:51,220
to testify at the trial
493
00:39:51,789 --> 00:39:53,882
Well I was very certain
that was the person
494
00:39:54,058 --> 00:39:57,619
Rage was filling up in inside
of me and so I think that
495
00:39:57,795 --> 00:40:04,223
I was very anxious to go ahead
and proceed with the trial
496
00:40:04,635 --> 00:40:09,868
and see the man who attacked me
serve his life sentence in jail
497
00:40:12,176 --> 00:40:16,476
At the trial in January 1985 Ronald
Cotton was convicted of rape
498
00:40:16,647 --> 00:40:18,137
and sentenced to life
499
00:40:19,283 --> 00:40:22,411
But Ronald had always
protested his innocence
500
00:40:22,853 --> 00:40:27,313
And once inside Central Prison in North
Carolina an extraordinary coincidence
501
00:40:27,491 --> 00:40:29,823
occured which would change
the course of his case
502
00:40:29,994 --> 00:40:34,055
His cell mate Bobby Poole was
openly bragging to the other prisoners
503
00:40:34,231 --> 00:40:36,324
that he had raped Jennifer
504
00:40:36,934 --> 00:40:42,497
Bobby Poole did resemble the
composite drawing, without question
505
00:40:43,007 --> 00:40:46,067
But there are thousands of black males
in this case who would in fact
506
00:40:46,243 --> 00:40:48,370
look like or resemble
the composite drawing
507
00:40:48,546 --> 00:40:54,178
So that didn't force me to waver
in my confidence of her identification
508
00:40:55,319 --> 00:40:59,517
In the appeal court Jennifer was
confronted with both Ronald and Bobby
509
00:41:00,090 --> 00:41:03,491
and again asked to identify
the man who raped her
510
00:41:04,361 --> 00:41:08,525
When I saw both of them together
I remember looking at Bobby Poole
511
00:41:09,066 --> 00:41:11,762
and not recognising him at all
512
00:41:11,936 --> 00:41:15,463
I mean that was of course one of the first
questions is "do you recognise that man?"
513
00:41:15,639 --> 00:41:18,005
I said, "No, I've never seen
him before in my life"
514
00:41:19,210 --> 00:41:22,304
Jennifer's eye witness
testimony was so strong that
515
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:25,677
Ronald was sent back to
prison for another 8 years
516
00:41:26,684 --> 00:41:29,585
It wasn't until the new
science of DNA testing was developed
517
00:41:29,753 --> 00:41:31,653
that her evidence
was questioned
518
00:41:32,056 --> 00:41:35,514
A long forgotten sperm
sample proved conclusively that
519
00:41:35,693 --> 00:41:39,686
Bobby Poole had indeed
raped Jennifer
520
00:41:39,864 --> 00:41:43,527
She had identified
the wrong man
521
00:41:46,570 --> 00:41:50,006
For the first time in a long time,
you're walking out of here a free man
522
00:41:50,774 --> 00:41:55,268
With those words 33 year old Ronald Cotton
was free for the first time in years
523
00:41:57,381 --> 00:42:04,253
I don't think I'd ever felt so
ashamed and, and guilt ridden, and
524
00:42:04,421 --> 00:42:07,447
I guess part of me was - I mean I, I,
525
00:42:07,625 --> 00:42:15,293
I felt very, almost
like I had... embarrassed,
526
00:42:15,466 --> 00:42:19,232
I, I think - embarrassed that
I had made such a huge mistake
527
00:42:19,403 --> 00:42:25,399
and that mistake had impacted Ronald
Cotton for those eleven years
528
00:42:25,576 --> 00:42:28,739
I mean significantly impacted Ronald
Cotton for those eleven years
529
00:42:33,284 --> 00:42:35,548
So how did Jennifer get it so wrong?
530
00:42:35,853 --> 00:42:39,584
Well it seems that while her emotions
were still running high
531
00:42:40,357 --> 00:42:42,757
she saw a face she thought
looked familiar
532
00:42:42,927 --> 00:42:47,489
From that moment on her emotions
imprinted that face deep into her brain
533
00:42:47,665 --> 00:42:53,604
So deeply that when she saw the face of
the man who really raped her she felt nothing
534
00:42:53,771 --> 00:42:59,107
Now I realise that, that our minds
are not video tapes,
535
00:42:59,276 --> 00:43:03,337
and we can't record something and
then spit it back exactly as we saw it
536
00:43:04,582 --> 00:43:07,073
But it wasn't just the
trauma of being raped...
537
00:43:07,484 --> 00:43:11,978
the colour of the face she was trying
to recognise made a crucial difference
538
00:43:13,123 --> 00:43:15,751
I think trauma definitely had
a part to play in that;
539
00:43:15,926 --> 00:43:21,330
but I also think that the racial
differences had probably more to do,
540
00:43:22,066 --> 00:43:25,593
in my case, than almost anything
541
00:43:27,104 --> 00:43:31,097
I think that, that races have
a very difficult time
542
00:43:31,275 --> 00:43:34,210
recognising differences
in other races
543
00:43:38,649 --> 00:43:42,449
So if we know someone well, we're
actually very good at recognising them
544
00:43:42,620 --> 00:43:44,884
even from a bad angle
and in dodgy light
545
00:43:45,055 --> 00:43:49,219
But if we've only seen them once
or twice we're really not very good
546
00:43:49,326 --> 00:43:53,023
especially if they're fases of a kind
we're not familiar with
547
00:43:53,197 --> 00:43:55,427
"they all look the same to me" syndrome
548
00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:58,897
Then our recognition skills
are in big trouble
549
00:44:00,137 --> 00:44:01,866
To a black person
the differences between
550
00:44:02,039 --> 00:44:04,405
Bobby and Ronald's
faces are probably obvious
551
00:44:04,575 --> 00:44:06,236
But to Jennifer they weren't
552
00:44:06,910 --> 00:44:12,348
Her brain focussed on the most obvious
feature of the face - its colour
553
00:44:12,950 --> 00:44:17,614
This tendency to simplify seems to be
the part of the way we're designed
554
00:44:18,288 --> 00:44:23,191
I think there is a general tendency in
the visual system indeed in the brain
555
00:44:23,994 --> 00:44:28,727
to classify objects into similar
types versus dissimilar types...
556
00:44:29,299 --> 00:44:31,733
the brain is doing this all
the time to economise
557
00:44:31,902 --> 00:44:33,301
on visual information processing...
558
00:44:33,470 --> 00:44:39,636
to simplify the world and if this process
gets deranged it could manifest as racism
559
00:44:39,977 --> 00:44:45,176
because instead of seeing the whole person
single visual prototype
560
00:44:45,482 --> 00:44:48,076
somebody who is black or
somebody who is Chinese
561
00:44:48,485 --> 00:44:53,047
and then you start making
overgeneralisation from that one prototype
562
00:45:05,836 --> 00:45:11,274
Lisa's aware of these racial judgements
and has had surgery to change her eyes
563
00:45:11,442 --> 00:45:14,240
and nose to fit in with
her Caucasian friends
564
00:45:14,678 --> 00:45:15,667
No one has ever said to me
565
00:45:15,846 --> 00:45:19,077
you're the only Mexican girl
hanging around all these white people...
566
00:45:19,249 --> 00:45:21,240
it just makes me more comfortable
567
00:45:22,252 --> 00:45:25,278
It's 6 weeks since her surgery
568
00:45:25,856 --> 00:45:27,915
We just recently went out
with a bunch of friends
569
00:45:28,092 --> 00:45:32,085
and it was a great opportunity for
all of us to get dressed up and go out
570
00:45:32,262 --> 00:45:35,231
I have to tell you I felt so good...
571
00:45:37,167 --> 00:45:40,068
you know some people may
have said its very subtle
572
00:45:40,237 --> 00:45:44,196
but when I look at myself
I definitely see a big difference
573
00:45:45,242 --> 00:45:47,870
lts exactly what
I wanted its thinner
574
00:45:48,045 --> 00:45:55,281
I've got a great profile and
I just feel it definitely enhances my face
575
00:45:56,687 --> 00:46:02,751
Not to sound very snobbish...
I love it, it's exactly what I wanted
576
00:46:03,861 --> 00:46:06,329
So it was obviously the right
decision for Lisa
577
00:46:07,131 --> 00:46:11,659
But some of us are brave
enough to stand out from the crowd
578
00:46:28,085 --> 00:46:32,522
One of the things that I have shouted
at me, when I walk down the street is
579
00:46:32,689 --> 00:46:36,125
oi fat chin, why don't you go
and see a plastic surgeon?
580
00:46:37,060 --> 00:46:41,292
I've had that said to me for years,
for most of my life...
581
00:46:42,399 --> 00:46:44,765
There were times
when I though yeah
582
00:46:45,068 --> 00:46:48,731
I should see a doctor
I want my chin to be small,
583
00:46:49,273 --> 00:46:52,242
so I don't ever have to go through
that kind of abuse again
584
00:46:53,377 --> 00:46:56,505
But then I, I thought
to myself well
585
00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:59,672
I'm not doing anything wrong
looking like this;
586
00:46:59,850 --> 00:47:01,340
this is the face that I have,
587
00:47:02,486 --> 00:47:04,750
and I don't want to change
it because this is me,
588
00:47:04,922 --> 00:47:08,756
you know I've grown up with this face;
to me it's not just a face,
589
00:47:08,926 --> 00:47:12,020
it's kind of like a mark
of identity or something
590
00:47:13,297 --> 00:47:15,629
So much, much better
to look extraordinary
591
00:47:16,900 --> 00:47:19,425
cos there ain't many people
in the world that look like me
592
00:47:20,771 --> 00:47:24,867
We should challenge the judgements
we make based on people's faces
593
00:47:25,042 --> 00:47:27,101
we're often wrong
594
00:47:28,212 --> 00:47:31,443
Most people think that I must
have served time in prison
595
00:47:32,349 --> 00:47:36,809
I must be some kind of hooligan
I do get harassed quite often.
596
00:47:37,788 --> 00:47:42,316
At first a lot of people think I'm
stuck up or they're afraid to approach me
597
00:47:43,260 --> 00:47:47,594
when they get to know me they
see a whole different person
598
00:47:48,432 --> 00:47:52,528
The attitude people have if
you look this way you got to be bad
599
00:47:52,703 --> 00:47:56,537
I'm really nice just trying
to get along with everybody
600
00:47:57,674 --> 00:48:01,872
So the face merely gives us
a few clues to start with
601
00:48:02,312 --> 00:48:06,043
after that we have to check
the person out properly
602
00:48:06,917 --> 00:48:08,748
Isn't that a bit obvious, isn't it?
What?
603
00:48:09,219 --> 00:48:10,948
Was it the best that you come up with?
604
00:48:12,022 --> 00:48:13,250
I thought it's rather interesting.
605
00:48:14,358 --> 00:48:15,916
I hope next week programme is better.
606
00:48:17,895 --> 00:48:20,363
Actually next week show is rather good.
607
00:48:20,530 --> 00:48:24,523
Infact it's so good I can't wait
whole week to show you
608
00:48:25,002 --> 00:48:26,560
So, here is now
56851
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.