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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:27,761 --> 00:00:32,892 Do you find you're endlessly fascinated by this thing on the front of your head? 2 00:00:34,067 --> 00:00:35,557 Well you're not alone 3 00:00:36,536 --> 00:00:39,972 We love faces, our own and other peoples 4 00:00:41,708 --> 00:00:44,541 But why do faces interest us so much 5 00:00:44,978 --> 00:00:47,913 and how much do they really tell us about their owner? 6 00:00:51,384 --> 00:00:54,876 Like us, other animals are also fascinated by what they see in the mirror 7 00:00:56,022 --> 00:01:00,755 but unlike us they think they're looking at another animal 8 00:01:07,167 --> 00:01:10,330 Only chimps, and of course, man can recognise their own reflection 9 00:01:10,503 --> 00:01:14,405 to know that what they see is who they are- well, 10 00:01:14,574 --> 00:01:17,907 the intelligent ones can do that anyway. 11 00:01:25,685 --> 00:01:28,347 Perhaps we pay too much attention to faces 12 00:01:28,521 --> 00:01:31,979 My mother used to say, "You can't tell a book from its cover" 13 00:01:32,792 --> 00:01:36,819 So how much does this mug tell you about its owner? 14 00:01:38,898 --> 00:01:40,798 This is Vicky, a 21 year old student 15 00:01:43,303 --> 00:01:45,271 Sometimes I'll think that, you know, 16 00:01:45,438 --> 00:01:48,202 I'm the hottest chick in town or something you know, 17 00:01:48,374 --> 00:01:52,105 I think, yeah I'm pretty, pretty cool I'm an OK babe, you know 18 00:01:52,278 --> 00:01:57,841 And then it will be somebody's, somebody will give me a really bad look, 19 00:01:58,251 --> 00:02:01,345 and then I'll remember that I don't actually look that way 20 00:02:02,755 --> 00:02:06,088 Vicky has a rare genetic disorder called cherubism 21 00:02:06,459 --> 00:02:09,121 and strangers can find her face unnerving 22 00:02:10,463 --> 00:02:12,795 Some people will just look and then they'll glance away 23 00:02:13,399 --> 00:02:18,701 But every now and then I'll come across someone who'll stare and stare and stare 24 00:02:19,172 --> 00:02:23,609 really cold, hard stares, someone is so curious that 25 00:02:23,776 --> 00:02:25,835 they just can't keep their eyes off of me 26 00:02:29,682 --> 00:02:31,309 Vicky was a normal looking baby 27 00:02:31,484 --> 00:02:34,715 It was only as she started to grow that her parents 28 00:02:34,888 --> 00:02:36,185 noticed that something was wrong 29 00:02:36,556 --> 00:02:39,787 Vicky, when did you first notice that your face was becoming different? 30 00:02:41,661 --> 00:02:44,960 Well, my mum first noticed when I was about 4 years old 31 00:02:45,131 --> 00:02:47,326 and she was brushing my teeth and noticed that 32 00:02:47,500 --> 00:02:51,994 my teeth were kind of higgledy piggledy around my mouth you know not quite normal 33 00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:55,437 So I wasn't born looking like this 34 00:02:55,909 --> 00:02:59,208 How different are you now from how you might have been 35 00:02:59,379 --> 00:03:01,438 if you'd grown up without your face changing? 36 00:03:01,614 --> 00:03:05,243 When I was a little girl I was very bossy and I was very boisterous 37 00:03:05,418 --> 00:03:10,515 and I was a terrible show off and in my brother's christening video, 38 00:03:10,690 --> 00:03:13,557 you know there's me in a dress singing nursery rhymes 39 00:03:13,726 --> 00:03:16,718 and pulling my dress up and being absolutely horrendous 40 00:03:16,896 --> 00:03:20,627 But when I got to the age of 12, 13, 41 00:03:20,800 --> 00:03:22,665 that's when I started to become more withdrawn 42 00:03:22,835 --> 00:03:25,360 because that's when my face started to get more severe 43 00:03:25,538 --> 00:03:28,974 That's when people at school started to bully me 44 00:03:29,342 --> 00:03:31,139 And I think it was all about being popular 45 00:03:31,311 --> 00:03:34,280 When you're a teenager you wanna be popular, you wanna be normal, 46 00:03:34,447 --> 00:03:36,779 you wanna be in, in with the crowd 47 00:03:37,150 --> 00:03:39,914 I've got a 16 year old daughter, so I know how difficult that is 48 00:03:40,386 --> 00:03:42,217 Oh it's awful being a teenage girl, 49 00:03:42,388 --> 00:03:45,846 you know there's nothing worse than being a teenage girl believe me. 50 00:03:46,759 --> 00:03:50,820 The last thing you want to be is different, which is what I was 51 00:03:51,364 --> 00:03:54,891 All the nasty people don't want to know me really 52 00:03:55,268 --> 00:04:01,969 and it's good kind strong people that I have as friends 53 00:04:02,208 --> 00:04:05,473 because they don't really mind the way I look 54 00:04:05,712 --> 00:04:07,680 They like me for me 55 00:04:08,548 --> 00:04:12,143 When people first meet Vicky they sometimes assume she's mentally retarded 56 00:04:12,318 --> 00:04:14,582 but it takes about sixty seconds to discover 57 00:04:14,754 --> 00:04:18,622 she's a bright, funny, warm, woman with a sparkling personality. 58 00:04:19,592 --> 00:04:22,891 So the interesting question is how much information 59 00:04:23,062 --> 00:04:24,825 is our face actually giving out? 60 00:04:25,531 --> 00:04:27,294 And the other question is: 61 00:04:28,935 --> 00:04:30,869 Why does it look like this anyway? 62 00:04:34,507 --> 00:04:39,308 Once upon a time, though life existed, there were no faces 63 00:04:40,079 --> 00:04:47,008 Then along came a sea creature with the first facial feature - a mouth 64 00:04:47,487 --> 00:04:48,852 So it could eat 65 00:04:49,022 --> 00:04:52,685 A mere 200 million years after that innovation, 66 00:04:52,992 --> 00:04:56,018 a creature emerged from the primeval slime 67 00:04:56,296 --> 00:04:59,060 with the prototypes of all our modern features 68 00:05:03,102 --> 00:05:05,866 And the first face to come out of the water and breathe air, 69 00:05:06,039 --> 00:05:11,341 as I'm trying to do, did so in December of our evolutionary year 70 00:05:11,577 --> 00:05:14,341 and it belonged to a little reptile called acanthostega 71 00:05:14,514 --> 00:05:17,039 and I think there's one over there 72 00:05:18,284 --> 00:05:23,483 Now if you look on the top of his head you can see he's got internal ears 73 00:05:24,357 --> 00:05:32,230 But it's those tiny nostrils just there that are so important 74 00:05:32,598 --> 00:05:39,436 And those tiny reptilian orifices are the ancestor of our own hooters 75 00:05:42,008 --> 00:05:45,535 In those days noses were one of the most important features of our faces 76 00:05:45,912 --> 00:05:49,473 Being low down on the ground meant that smell was primary 77 00:05:49,649 --> 00:05:51,913 You were literally led by your nose 78 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:03,693 Most animals continued to depend on their noses 79 00:06:04,230 --> 00:06:10,294 but our ancestors started to stand upright and that changed everything 80 00:06:14,941 --> 00:06:19,503 as we know 5 million years ago or something of that sort human beings 81 00:06:19,679 --> 00:06:22,842 changed from being on 4 feet to vertical 82 00:06:23,015 --> 00:06:25,108 You're higher so you see better 83 00:06:25,284 --> 00:06:28,014 Any advantage being higher as far as smell's concerned? 84 00:06:28,187 --> 00:06:30,655 Er no, but we don't rely much on smell 85 00:06:30,823 --> 00:06:36,557 We don't walk along with our nose on the ground like, like a 4 footed thing does 86 00:06:36,729 --> 00:06:40,130 As soon as you stand up it's very boring to have to go down 87 00:06:40,299 --> 00:06:42,290 saying "Oh God that was Auntie Margaret" 88 00:06:43,803 --> 00:06:48,001 So the moment you start standing up you, you immediately make smell less important 89 00:06:48,174 --> 00:06:49,004 Yes 90 00:06:52,412 --> 00:06:55,347 So for humans, the dominant sense became vision 91 00:06:56,082 --> 00:07:00,109 We learnt to recognise the world by who and what we saw 92 00:07:13,466 --> 00:07:15,491 So two reasons why the human face is important 93 00:07:15,668 --> 00:07:17,693 First, it means that we've got our sight, hearing, 94 00:07:17,870 --> 00:07:21,431 right at the top of our bodies, near smell and taste which is a good plan 95 00:07:21,607 --> 00:07:26,203 And our face is equally important because our face is nature's name tag 96 00:07:26,312 --> 00:07:30,510 in other word, lt's a particular arrangement in features that tells you I am me 97 00:07:30,683 --> 00:07:32,116 I am not Michall Palon 98 00:07:33,152 --> 00:07:38,715 and also it tells you I'm Northem European and not Polanisan or Asian or Africa 99 00:07:45,398 --> 00:07:48,128 Even though there are 6 billion humans on this planet, 100 00:07:48,301 --> 00:07:50,633 no two faces are exactly alike 101 00:07:50,937 --> 00:07:53,997 Not even identical twins are truly identical 102 00:07:54,907 --> 00:07:56,807 We're all different 103 00:08:11,190 --> 00:08:13,818 But some of us don't want to look different 104 00:08:14,927 --> 00:08:18,328 Lisa comes from Mexico, where her Latin features blend in 105 00:08:18,498 --> 00:08:24,061 But now she's settled in Los Angeles and she wants to fit in with her white friends 106 00:08:27,874 --> 00:08:30,604 Spalding Drive cosmetic surgery and dermatology 107 00:08:31,043 --> 00:08:34,535 ...drop your chin just a little bit 108 00:08:34,714 --> 00:08:37,808 She's come to plastic surgeon Paul Nassif to find out 109 00:08:37,984 --> 00:08:39,849 what she could do to change her nose 110 00:08:42,021 --> 00:08:44,854 When I look at myself in the mirror I think I look very Latin 111 00:08:45,825 --> 00:08:50,728 And now even a step further I've actually married a Jewish man 112 00:08:51,797 --> 00:08:55,233 going to synagogue being exposed to a lot of the women there 113 00:08:55,401 --> 00:08:58,268 with these very thin little noses 114 00:08:59,038 --> 00:09:03,441 I actually would like to achieve that type of nose, that's what I'd like 115 00:09:03,843 --> 00:09:05,743 Maybe I can kind've give you a little better understanding 116 00:09:05,912 --> 00:09:09,678 I do like the real thin look of it 117 00:09:09,882 --> 00:09:15,081 Your primary concern is that you nostrils are too wide? 118 00:09:15,254 --> 00:09:18,883 What you're describing to me, it almost sounds like you want to have 119 00:09:19,058 --> 00:09:24,963 more of a Caucasian looking nose - we call that a westernisation rhinoplasty 120 00:09:25,131 --> 00:09:30,501 I think for me socially I would like to have that type of nose 121 00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:32,797 Every time I see someone with a small little nose, 122 00:09:32,972 --> 00:09:34,963 I think gosh I would love to have that type of nose 123 00:09:35,141 --> 00:09:36,870 I think it would be really nice 124 00:09:37,410 --> 00:09:40,470 As well as changing her nose Lisa's also going to try and make herself 125 00:09:40,646 --> 00:09:45,549 look more European by having her eyebrows lifted and her eyes widened 126 00:09:47,286 --> 00:09:49,345 Cannot wait to see what I'm gonna look like 127 00:09:50,489 --> 00:09:52,320 Wake up to a new and better you! 128 00:09:58,030 --> 00:10:02,490 And so we start now, making an incision inside the nose 129 00:10:07,807 --> 00:10:14,679 This surgery is not without its risks as her husband Mitchell is aware 130 00:10:14,914 --> 00:10:16,142 What if they mess if up? 131 00:10:16,315 --> 00:10:17,839 Lts messed up forever 132 00:10:18,017 --> 00:10:20,781 lts not like other kinds of surgery where you could cover up with 133 00:10:20,953 --> 00:10:22,818 a long sleeved shirt or something like that 134 00:10:22,989 --> 00:10:25,184 This is a whole different situation lts her face 135 00:10:26,659 --> 00:10:31,187 Now there is maybe a one in a thousand chance that when I make this cut here, 136 00:10:31,364 --> 00:10:34,231 that some of this tissue may not heal properly 137 00:10:35,101 --> 00:10:39,231 which means if things go wrong, Lisa could lose the end of her nose 138 00:10:40,373 --> 00:10:44,400 but that's a risk she's prepared to take to make her face fit 139 00:10:44,877 --> 00:10:49,814 But will it actually help her to blend in? We'll find out later 140 00:11:03,362 --> 00:11:05,626 Most animals like to belong to a group 141 00:11:05,931 --> 00:11:10,129 Even the stupidest animal have learnt to recognise the faces of their friends 142 00:11:10,302 --> 00:11:12,361 and pick them out from the crowd even though 143 00:11:12,538 --> 00:11:15,530 to our eyes it's hard to tell them apart 144 00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:21,769 But let's check it out 145 00:11:23,683 --> 00:11:27,312 Welcome Martha. Come right on in Step right in 146 00:11:27,486 --> 00:11:30,216 Boy have you got something to think about 147 00:11:32,425 --> 00:11:35,758 Martha is in a room looking at pictures of two different sheep 148 00:11:36,929 --> 00:11:41,764 One of them's her friend Sam, the other one's a total stranger 149 00:11:42,134 --> 00:11:44,034 But can Martha tell the difference? 150 00:11:45,137 --> 00:11:48,903 Which one's her friend - left or right? 151 00:11:49,975 --> 00:11:51,602 Can she work it out? 152 00:11:51,877 --> 00:11:52,901 Can you? 153 00:11:54,980 --> 00:12:01,351 Ooh, lts not easy She's on the move 154 00:12:01,754 --> 00:12:05,121 Yes she's chosen Sam, her friend! She's got it right 155 00:12:06,826 --> 00:12:08,987 Well done Martha, you win first prize 156 00:12:11,397 --> 00:12:16,232 And just to check that Martha's not a particularly brainy sheep, here's Matilda 157 00:12:16,502 --> 00:12:18,834 Will she be able to pick out Sam as easily? 158 00:12:20,740 --> 00:12:27,942 Uh oh, which one? She's spotted Sam and she's off. Well done! 159 00:12:32,284 --> 00:12:36,550 Martha and Matilda aren't academics of the sheep world, all sheep can do this 160 00:12:37,356 --> 00:12:40,814 It's more than just a good party trick It's a key survival skill 161 00:12:41,460 --> 00:12:44,429 They have a very good visual sense, so it's not terribly surprising that 162 00:12:44,530 --> 00:12:49,229 they've turned this to actually allow them to identify important individuals, 163 00:12:49,401 --> 00:12:53,235 both family and friends within the flock, but also threatening individuals, 164 00:12:53,405 --> 00:12:57,671 either dominant members of the flock, or alternatively of course, predators 165 00:12:57,843 --> 00:13:01,006 Using visual cues And the area of the animal, 166 00:13:01,413 --> 00:13:04,905 same way as ourselves, that varies most is the face 167 00:13:06,819 --> 00:13:11,188 Humans have the most sophisticated face recognition system of any animal 168 00:13:11,891 --> 00:13:16,794 Even very young babies can recognise the faces that are important to them 169 00:13:23,769 --> 00:13:28,832 Just how young this ability begins is being tested at Birkbeck College in London 170 00:13:30,075 --> 00:13:33,340 Tatiana and her mum are going to be part of an experiment to find out whether 171 00:13:33,512 --> 00:13:38,074 Tatiana can recognise her mum's face and distinguish it from that of a stranger 172 00:13:42,054 --> 00:13:44,750 It's important for babies to recognize the faces of their mother 173 00:13:45,324 --> 00:13:48,316 and other important people in their life from very early in life, 174 00:13:48,494 --> 00:13:51,554 because these are the people who are going to be taking care of them 175 00:13:51,730 --> 00:13:55,598 and babies are very helpless and they rely on other people in order to survive 176 00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:01,563 This hairnet of electrical sensors will measure Tatiana's brain waves 177 00:14:01,740 --> 00:14:06,143 as she looks at pictures of her mum and of someone she's never seen before 178 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:10,508 When she sees the stranger, the sensors show that 179 00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:14,175 although she knows she's looking at a face, she just can't recognise it 180 00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:21,591 But when she looks at her mum's face it's quite different 181 00:14:21,760 --> 00:14:25,196 Her brainwaves show there's immediate recognition 182 00:14:28,634 --> 00:14:32,434 That's because it's not actually the eye that recognises faces 183 00:14:32,771 --> 00:14:37,003 It's the brain that does all the hard work of processing and interpreting 184 00:14:42,681 --> 00:14:46,777 I went to find out more from brain expert Dr. Ramachandran 185 00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:55,123 Smells good, doesn't it? 186 00:14:55,294 --> 00:14:58,627 Yeah, fried black butter, few capers - terrific 187 00:15:08,207 --> 00:15:13,804 There are 100 billion nerve cells in the cortex 188 00:15:15,648 --> 00:15:20,517 And the entire back part of the brain, a large chunk of the back part of the brain, 189 00:15:20,686 --> 00:15:23,280 almost half the brain, is devoted primarily to seeing 190 00:15:23,989 --> 00:15:25,047 I mean, that's extraordinary 191 00:15:25,791 --> 00:15:28,851 If anything says what an incredibly visual species 192 00:15:29,028 --> 00:15:32,759 we are the fact that half the brain is devoted to seeing 193 00:15:32,932 --> 00:15:34,160 It's extraordinary 194 00:15:34,733 --> 00:15:38,931 But what Dr. Ramachandran told me next was even more astonishing 195 00:15:40,005 --> 00:15:42,599 And it's amazing how there's a big chunk of that 196 00:15:42,775 --> 00:15:46,176 that's dedicated almost entirely to recognising faces 197 00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:50,805 And this is because human beings, primates in general, are highly visual creatures 198 00:15:51,450 --> 00:15:53,645 So think of the millions of faces you've seen in a lifetime 199 00:15:53,819 --> 00:15:56,652 All that information gets stored in this region 200 00:15:58,557 --> 00:16:01,549 This face recognition centre sits here at the back of the brain 201 00:16:01,727 --> 00:16:07,393 and in an area only a few cm wide we store the images of billions of faces 202 00:16:17,476 --> 00:16:20,343 And just as important as it is for a child to recognise its parent, 203 00:16:20,512 --> 00:16:24,972 it's also important for every parent to recognise their child 204 00:16:28,253 --> 00:16:30,153 One of these young women is my daughter 205 00:16:30,489 --> 00:16:33,947 dad, can I have some money? Take it. 206 00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:35,286 Thank you 207 00:16:36,495 --> 00:16:38,258 because I recognise her face as well 208 00:16:39,064 --> 00:16:44,764 lmagine, however, not being able to recognise one of your own children 209 00:16:54,146 --> 00:16:59,345 One of the first instances where I realised that I didn't recognise faces 210 00:16:59,585 --> 00:17:03,180 was when my son was standing in front of a store with two friends, 211 00:17:03,489 --> 00:17:07,550 I figured I have to know at least one of these three kids 212 00:17:09,294 --> 00:17:12,661 So I was studying their faces as I walked directly towards them 213 00:17:13,165 --> 00:17:17,033 I had no idea who any of them were until the one in the centre went 214 00:17:17,536 --> 00:17:18,594 Hi Dad 215 00:17:19,838 --> 00:17:20,964 Hi Dad 216 00:17:25,511 --> 00:17:28,708 Jim lost the ability to recognize faces 5 years ago, 217 00:17:28,881 --> 00:17:32,544 following a brain operation to remove a massive blood clot 218 00:17:35,220 --> 00:17:37,984 Trying to find someone, no matter how well I know them, 219 00:17:38,824 --> 00:17:40,917 is an impossible task for me 220 00:17:42,995 --> 00:17:45,054 I've had to go to the beach to look for the kids 221 00:17:46,065 --> 00:17:51,970 Well how do I find my two kids out of all of these people on the beach? 222 00:17:54,273 --> 00:17:57,606 There has been a few occasions that my dad got myself and a friend 223 00:17:57,776 --> 00:18:00,711 confused like he didn't know which one was me 224 00:18:02,915 --> 00:18:04,177 It's strange 225 00:18:04,850 --> 00:18:07,580 It's hard because you want your parent to know what you look like 226 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:13,155 It is kind of upsetting in a way because he can't look at me 227 00:18:13,792 --> 00:18:16,590 and see how I've grown during the past five years 228 00:18:17,262 --> 00:18:19,628 He can't see exactly what I look like 229 00:18:20,132 --> 00:18:23,158 You know like, when you look at me you can see my whole face in one picture; 230 00:18:23,635 --> 00:18:28,129 you can see if I have small ears, big ears, a small nose, what colour my eyes are 231 00:18:28,307 --> 00:18:32,403 He has to, he would have to look at you closely 232 00:18:32,778 --> 00:18:37,442 He could look at your left eye, then he could look at your nose, 233 00:18:37,616 --> 00:18:39,880 then he could look at your lips and your mouth, 234 00:18:40,052 --> 00:18:43,180 but his problem is that you can't put it all together into one picture 235 00:18:44,156 --> 00:18:46,283 I don't even notice that people have faces 236 00:18:46,458 --> 00:18:51,020 I accept the fact they do and then I'll look where I know 237 00:18:51,196 --> 00:18:55,565 the face belongs but there's never any recognition there 238 00:18:57,402 --> 00:19:01,133 One crucial part of the recognizing system of his brain is missing 239 00:19:04,209 --> 00:19:07,940 Every time we see a face our brain automatically checks it against 240 00:19:08,113 --> 00:19:11,640 the billions of faces stored in our memory to try and 241 00:19:14,586 --> 00:19:18,579 Jim still has a databank of faces stored in his brain from before the accident 242 00:19:19,391 --> 00:19:21,052 he just can't access them 243 00:19:23,362 --> 00:19:26,354 OK Jim here's another photograph - can you tell me what you see 244 00:19:27,266 --> 00:19:32,169 Uh oh. I know the smile but I no idea whose smile it is 245 00:19:32,704 --> 00:19:37,505 This is roughly how Jim sees faces - can you guess who it is? 246 00:19:37,676 --> 00:19:44,844 Let me give you the names of a few people and see if anyone rings a bell for you 247 00:19:45,150 --> 00:19:47,345 with regard to this photograph OK? 248 00:19:48,687 --> 00:19:54,648 Hillary Clinton, Goldie Hawn, Princess Diana 249 00:19:56,061 --> 00:19:58,359 Any of those names ring a bell? 250 00:19:58,630 --> 00:20:02,726 All of those names rang a bell but not in connection with that photograph 251 00:20:03,869 --> 00:20:07,669 Well if you had to guess between Hillary Clinton and Princess Diana, 252 00:20:09,541 --> 00:20:12,476 what would be your guess? 253 00:20:16,848 --> 00:20:19,180 If one of those names is correct, 254 00:20:20,852 --> 00:20:24,754 I'll go by hair colour and say Hillary Clinton 255 00:20:25,424 --> 00:20:27,392 Well it's not Hillary Clinton 256 00:20:27,693 --> 00:20:30,457 OK well that narrowed the list didn't it? 257 00:20:32,898 --> 00:20:36,163 I guess like a lot of other things I never realized 258 00:20:36,335 --> 00:20:40,169 how important facial recognition was until I lost it 259 00:21:17,743 --> 00:21:21,577 Being able to match any new face we see against the ones already stored 260 00:21:21,747 --> 00:21:26,878 in our memory is such an important skill we're even teaching it to machines 261 00:21:45,737 --> 00:21:47,762 Here in Newham in East London, they're using state of 262 00:21:47,939 --> 00:21:51,841 the art computer technology to clamp down on crime 263 00:21:52,444 --> 00:21:55,675 They've stored images of the faces of hundreds of known criminals 264 00:21:55,847 --> 00:22:01,114 And by scanning the streets with CCTV cameras their face recognition software 265 00:22:01,286 --> 00:22:05,848 can check faces in the crowd within seconds to see just who's out there 266 00:22:10,729 --> 00:22:13,994 To see how good this machine brain is at recognising faces, 267 00:22:14,166 --> 00:22:16,828 I've volunteered to put it to the test 268 00:22:17,502 --> 00:22:20,528 Do you want to see my upper class brother "Oi I say." 269 00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:25,105 My name is Jasper, Jasper Cleese... 270 00:22:25,944 --> 00:22:28,742 The computer's interested in my vital statistics... 271 00:22:28,914 --> 00:22:30,279 nothing too exciting... 272 00:22:30,449 --> 00:22:35,819 measurements like the distance between my eyes are stored as well as my mugshot 273 00:22:53,038 --> 00:22:56,439 Once the camera homes in on my face the computer measures it 274 00:22:56,608 --> 00:22:59,304 and searches the database for a match 275 00:23:04,649 --> 00:23:09,916 The actual speed of the solution can be as fast as fifteen million faces a minute 276 00:23:09,988 --> 00:23:12,013 that's how many is can search through 277 00:23:17,863 --> 00:23:18,921 It's got me... 278 00:23:20,565 --> 00:23:24,023 But will it spot my cross-dressing...? 279 00:23:34,312 --> 00:23:35,870 One last disguise 280 00:24:00,405 --> 00:24:03,067 Bingo - I've fooled the machine 281 00:24:04,743 --> 00:24:07,735 John had a hat that was pulled down very much over his eyes, 282 00:24:07,913 --> 00:24:11,371 and then made worse by these very very dark glasses, 283 00:24:12,984 --> 00:24:14,417 and the glasses had quite a large frame 284 00:24:14,586 --> 00:24:18,386 so we ended up almost losing really what's our key area 285 00:24:20,425 --> 00:24:24,293 But none of you were fooled by my silly sunglasses and hat, were you? 286 00:24:24,996 --> 00:24:28,193 The machine was fooled because it relies on measuring features 287 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:30,991 The fact that none of us was fooled shows 288 00:24:31,169 --> 00:24:34,832 that we recognise faces in a different way from machines 289 00:24:36,475 --> 00:24:40,605 Our brains operate in a more, how shall I put it, artistic way 290 00:24:41,980 --> 00:24:48,112 This is the face of a well known British celebrity - do you recognise him? 291 00:24:54,025 --> 00:24:55,856 ...is it getting any easier? 292 00:25:03,468 --> 00:25:07,928 Isn't it strange that its much easier for the brain to recognize 293 00:25:08,106 --> 00:25:13,066 an exaggerated caricature of the face than a more accurate line drawing 294 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:19,249 So why do we find it so much easier to recognise a caricature? 295 00:25:19,618 --> 00:25:25,284 Some experts believe its because that's how the brain itself works 296 00:25:27,092 --> 00:25:30,323 It wouldn't surprise me at all if what the artist is doing is actually 297 00:25:30,495 --> 00:25:34,124 mimicking the very processes that are going on in your own brain 298 00:25:34,299 --> 00:25:35,630 when you look at any person 299 00:25:36,635 --> 00:25:39,798 And what the brain seems to be doing every time it looks at a face 300 00:25:39,971 --> 00:25:43,134 is searching for differences from the norm 301 00:25:43,542 --> 00:25:46,102 lts looking for features that it can exaggerate and caricature 302 00:25:46,278 --> 00:25:49,304 to help it remember the person next time 303 00:25:52,751 --> 00:25:54,776 This theory is new and it strikes a chord with 304 00:25:54,953 --> 00:25:57,854 professional caricaturists like Tim Watts 305 00:26:01,593 --> 00:26:06,257 I think in caricature you can unlock or heighten or underline 306 00:26:06,431 --> 00:26:11,334 what it is about that person's face which makes them different from another person 307 00:26:23,348 --> 00:26:25,009 I think what's going on is your brain 308 00:26:25,183 --> 00:26:28,277 is in a sense producing an internal caricature 309 00:26:28,553 --> 00:26:31,989 In fact there have been experiments showing that you recognise caricatures 310 00:26:32,157 --> 00:26:35,320 faster and more accurately than the original that was shown to you 311 00:26:38,496 --> 00:26:44,731 So here are Prince Charles and George W. Bush. But what about my face? 312 00:26:46,471 --> 00:26:49,963 John Cleese has a sort of banana shaped face 313 00:26:50,141 --> 00:26:54,202 His chin comes up at the bottom and his forehead sort of comes over 314 00:26:54,379 --> 00:26:57,507 at the top here, which creates a sort of moon, crescent moon shape, 315 00:26:57,682 --> 00:27:00,651 not quite Mister Punch cos he hasn't got the hooked nose of Punch 316 00:27:00,819 --> 00:27:08,248 His chin is large, but it's not large in a Kirk Douglas or Errol Flynn type way, 317 00:27:08,426 --> 00:27:11,486 it does have something of an underhang as well 318 00:27:12,097 --> 00:27:15,396 Well, of course, what's really good about it is that he looks so young 319 00:27:15,567 --> 00:27:18,695 then there's the big chin I'm surprised he got that 320 00:27:19,371 --> 00:27:21,396 And with caricature you can't make everything big, 321 00:27:21,573 --> 00:27:25,270 you can't exaggerate everything, so with Cleese something has to give 322 00:27:25,443 --> 00:27:28,037 and in his instance it's the nose, 323 00:27:28,213 --> 00:27:31,671 the nose becomes smaller and more sort of delicate 324 00:27:31,850 --> 00:27:35,877 The nose is very good, rather pointed, a little bit like a rodent 325 00:27:36,554 --> 00:27:41,048 I think with Cleese probably most people think of Basil Fawlty 326 00:27:41,226 --> 00:27:45,560 so it has a severity about the expression, the bulging eyes 327 00:27:48,833 --> 00:27:52,269 But can the puppet do this? 328 00:27:57,475 --> 00:28:02,310 So we store our memories of peoples faces up here as their caricatures 329 00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:06,075 And then we match that caricature to the particular face we're looking at 330 00:28:06,251 --> 00:28:09,652 Except that I think there's something missing. And I want to check it out 331 00:28:15,493 --> 00:28:17,620 What's missing is emotion 332 00:28:18,530 --> 00:28:22,022 We all know that we react differently to different peoples' faces 333 00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:25,727 so I'm off to meet a woman who's going to give me a sort of lie detector test 334 00:28:25,904 --> 00:28:29,931 to see which faces really affect me and which leave me cold 335 00:28:36,347 --> 00:28:38,577 So why don't you give me your left hand 336 00:28:38,750 --> 00:28:42,652 and what I'm going to do first is just wipe off some dead skin cells 337 00:28:42,821 --> 00:28:44,618 that way we get a better connection 338 00:28:45,156 --> 00:28:47,181 Poor dead skin cells 339 00:28:47,726 --> 00:28:50,217 Carrie attaches electrodes to my skin to measure how sweaty 340 00:28:50,395 --> 00:28:54,832 it gets when I get emotional The results are shown on a computer screen 341 00:28:55,633 --> 00:28:56,998 Unfortunately being a typical uptight Englishman 342 00:28:57,168 --> 00:28:59,068 there's not much going on at the moment 343 00:28:59,904 --> 00:29:02,930 But Carrie thinks she can get me more excited 344 00:29:03,908 --> 00:29:08,368 So why don't you recount your most vivid recent fantasy for us 345 00:29:08,713 --> 00:29:13,582 My most vivid recent fantasy was of West Ham United 346 00:29:13,752 --> 00:29:19,918 beating Leeds United 7 - 0 at Elland Road 347 00:29:21,292 --> 00:29:26,628 And that was, boy that was good... Di Canio got 4 348 00:29:27,365 --> 00:29:28,992 That was a recent sexual fantasy? 349 00:29:29,100 --> 00:29:31,534 No, no sexual, you say fantasy 350 00:29:31,703 --> 00:29:32,829 the sexual fantasy... 351 00:29:33,805 --> 00:29:41,143 Recent sexual fantasy Maggie Thatcher... 352 00:29:42,247 --> 00:29:45,614 Alright I'll think of something really nice 353 00:29:48,653 --> 00:29:50,245 Suitable to the television audience 354 00:29:50,421 --> 00:29:51,718 Oh, I have to say it out loud 355 00:29:51,890 --> 00:29:57,692 Yeah, part of the embarrassment so you can see your response going up 356 00:29:59,898 --> 00:30:02,230 lts disappeared right off the screen! 357 00:30:02,834 --> 00:30:05,632 That was terrific and I hadn't even started yet 358 00:30:09,374 --> 00:30:13,037 Enough of my offbeat fantasies, time to get on with the test 359 00:30:14,479 --> 00:30:18,779 When I react positively or negatively to a face the line should jump 360 00:30:20,518 --> 00:30:23,578 My daughter's face is the first face to provoke a reaction 361 00:30:23,855 --> 00:30:25,345 lots and lots of emotion 362 00:30:27,258 --> 00:30:37,634 That's a great face - looks so English - weird creature - Saddam Hussein 363 00:30:39,070 --> 00:30:42,471 I looked at and didn't feel as antagonistic to him 364 00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:43,937 as I expected I would have 365 00:30:44,108 --> 00:30:45,803 That's interesting because that was one of the pictures 366 00:30:45,977 --> 00:30:48,878 you recognised that you didn't get a response to 367 00:30:49,047 --> 00:30:50,708 The positive one's the Dalai Lama 368 00:30:50,882 --> 00:30:53,476 You got a big response to the Dalai Lama 369 00:30:53,651 --> 00:30:55,278 Yeah - he touches everyone 370 00:30:55,453 --> 00:30:58,684 Your body almost seemed to relax when you were looking at the Dalai Lama 371 00:30:58,857 --> 00:31:00,620 that you got a very large response, 372 00:31:00,792 --> 00:31:04,888 I think to him and your daughter and Jerry Springer 373 00:31:05,063 --> 00:31:07,930 those were your largest reactions 374 00:31:08,099 --> 00:31:12,729 Rather insane to react more strongly to Jerry Springer 375 00:31:12,904 --> 00:31:15,031 than to Hitler and Saddam Hussein 376 00:31:17,075 --> 00:31:19,066 So the emotional responses we have to some faces 377 00:31:19,244 --> 00:31:21,872 are not always the ones we would predict 378 00:31:24,148 --> 00:31:27,606 And it turns out that this emotion can be so strong 379 00:31:27,785 --> 00:31:30,982 that it actually affects our ability to recognise someone 380 00:31:31,155 --> 00:31:35,558 And we know this because of a young man who had a very nasty car accident 381 00:31:41,566 --> 00:31:42,760 I was sitting in the back 382 00:31:43,134 --> 00:31:46,399 The car tried to go a little bit towards the left to avoid this other car 383 00:31:46,938 --> 00:31:52,843 and it flipped three times and one of those flips I went flying out of the car 384 00:31:53,211 --> 00:31:57,238 and I landed partly on my head in the highway 385 00:32:02,654 --> 00:32:06,055 David spent the next three weeks critically ill in a coma 386 00:32:07,492 --> 00:32:09,858 Because the visual part of his brain was damaged 387 00:32:10,028 --> 00:32:13,896 David couldn't recognize his family and friends 388 00:32:15,033 --> 00:32:19,868 But most of his friends came to visit and he didn't know who they were 389 00:32:19,938 --> 00:32:21,269 He forgot his girlfriend... 390 00:32:22,507 --> 00:32:26,409 he had a wonderful girlfriend, and they were very much in love 391 00:32:26,577 --> 00:32:29,205 and he didn't know who she was 392 00:32:30,281 --> 00:32:33,375 But that wasn't the whole story it was much stranger than that 393 00:32:33,851 --> 00:32:39,619 David became convinced that his parents had been replaced by aliens 394 00:32:40,391 --> 00:32:45,385 He was in the hospital, I would go in and talk to him 395 00:32:45,563 --> 00:32:50,967 and he wouldn't even call me mother or anything and not only that 396 00:32:51,135 --> 00:32:56,038 but after five minutes if I would go outside and come back five minutes 397 00:32:56,207 --> 00:33:01,770 afterwards he would then just think I was someone different 398 00:33:06,150 --> 00:33:10,951 David's is the only case like this that Dr. Ramachandran has come across 399 00:33:11,889 --> 00:33:15,723 Certain patients who've been in a car accident, for example, 400 00:33:15,893 --> 00:33:19,056 and have had a head injury and they've been in a coma for a couple of weeks 401 00:33:19,230 --> 00:33:23,462 and they come out of this coma, they seem completely normal in most respects 402 00:33:23,634 --> 00:33:25,329 They can talk fluently, they can read a book, 403 00:33:25,503 --> 00:33:29,303 and their memory seems intact, right? 404 00:33:29,841 --> 00:33:33,572 But the patient looks at his mother and he says "Doctor, 405 00:33:33,745 --> 00:33:36,612 this woman looks exactly like my mother, but she is not my mother, 406 00:33:36,781 --> 00:33:42,413 she is some other woman pretending to be my mother; she's an imposter 407 00:33:43,154 --> 00:33:46,487 John let me introduce you to David... and Rosita... 408 00:33:46,657 --> 00:33:47,646 How are you? 409 00:33:47,825 --> 00:33:50,521 Fine... old but good 410 00:33:51,429 --> 00:33:53,522 Hi. Nice to meet you 411 00:33:55,099 --> 00:33:58,694 The strangest thing was one day he told me, 412 00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:01,862 it was evening time and I was preparing dinner 413 00:34:02,507 --> 00:34:04,668 And he said you know the lady who comes in the morning 414 00:34:04,842 --> 00:34:07,276 and cooks breakfast cooks so much better than you do... 415 00:34:07,812 --> 00:34:10,440 and it was me all the time I was the one 416 00:34:11,082 --> 00:34:18,181 With his dad too he had a similar experience As I recall 417 00:34:18,356 --> 00:34:21,814 When you first came here and your dad had brought you here 418 00:34:22,660 --> 00:34:24,787 I remember you were denying it was your dad, 419 00:34:24,962 --> 00:34:27,726 you were saying it was some other old man who brought you here 420 00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:30,527 and I asked you why this man should be here and you said no, 421 00:34:30,701 --> 00:34:32,168 no he just takes care of me 422 00:34:32,336 --> 00:34:35,100 He used to tell me I'm going to tell my dad that 423 00:34:35,273 --> 00:34:36,934 you don't drive as well as he does 424 00:34:37,375 --> 00:34:40,970 I wanted him to meet him Because it will some day get him 425 00:34:41,145 --> 00:34:43,238 to drive correctly like my father does 426 00:34:43,781 --> 00:34:49,845 Go forbid about that It was hard to believe what I was hearing 427 00:34:50,021 --> 00:34:53,889 After the accident, David honestly believed that his parents 428 00:34:54,058 --> 00:34:57,425 had been replaced by complete strangers who just happened 429 00:34:57,595 --> 00:34:59,620 to look like his father and mother 430 00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:04,396 But how is it that when David looks at his mother 431 00:35:04,569 --> 00:35:07,037 he sees a stranger who looks exactly like her 432 00:35:07,205 --> 00:35:09,537 what's going on inside his head? 433 00:35:14,545 --> 00:35:16,945 Well, every time David looks at his mother's face, 434 00:35:17,115 --> 00:35:20,516 the information is passed to the face recognition centre in the brain 435 00:35:20,685 --> 00:35:26,749 So far, so good. Then that information should travel on to another area 436 00:35:26,924 --> 00:35:30,883 of the brain so that her face can be given the appropriate emotional tag 437 00:35:32,230 --> 00:35:36,166 It's the combination of the two which assures him he's looking at his mother 438 00:35:38,202 --> 00:35:40,500 And this is where David's problems started 439 00:35:40,671 --> 00:35:44,573 the car accident damaged the link between the two areas 440 00:35:46,110 --> 00:35:50,046 So because the face area of the brain is intact he can still say whose face it is 441 00:35:50,214 --> 00:35:52,182 He'll say "it's my mother's face." 442 00:35:52,583 --> 00:35:55,177 But because the wire going from there is cut 443 00:35:55,353 --> 00:35:57,321 there's no emotional response to his mother 444 00:35:57,488 --> 00:35:59,080 So he says, "My god, if this is my mother, 445 00:35:59,257 --> 00:36:02,420 why is there no warmth, why is there no terror? 446 00:36:02,593 --> 00:36:04,754 Why don't I experience any emotions when I see my mother, 447 00:36:04,929 --> 00:36:08,160 so this must be some other strange woman pretending to be my mother 448 00:36:09,834 --> 00:36:13,702 It's 5 years since David's accident and he's made a remarkable recovery 449 00:36:15,106 --> 00:36:17,939 He's a different person from what he was five years ago 450 00:36:19,110 --> 00:36:26,482 He knows who his sisters are He knows who the people around him are 451 00:36:32,757 --> 00:36:37,490 The emotional charge that we get when we recognise a face is so important to us 452 00:36:38,095 --> 00:36:41,792 that if a familiar face doesn't trigger the appropriate response our brain 453 00:36:41,966 --> 00:36:47,268 comes up with this extraordinary rationalisation this must be an imposter 454 00:36:50,074 --> 00:36:54,977 What happened to David shows that too little emotion is a big problem 455 00:36:55,146 --> 00:36:57,842 when it comes to recognising faces 456 00:36:59,016 --> 00:37:02,747 So do strong emotions mess up our perceptions? 457 00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:07,254 What happens say if we're the victim of some brutal crime? 458 00:37:14,632 --> 00:37:17,396 I had gone to bed early that evening 459 00:37:17,568 --> 00:37:21,299 and around three thirty was awakened by a sound 460 00:37:30,248 --> 00:37:33,183 Someone jumped on me and pinned my hands beside my head 461 00:37:33,351 --> 00:37:38,448 And I realised very quickly that it wasn't someone I knew 462 00:37:38,623 --> 00:37:41,717 And he proceeded to rape me 463 00:37:43,961 --> 00:37:46,657 First of all I tried to adjust my eyes to whatever 464 00:37:46,831 --> 00:37:49,265 light was coming through my windows 465 00:37:50,334 --> 00:37:57,172 And then I just studied his face for scars or tattoos or jewellery or facial hair 466 00:37:59,043 --> 00:38:04,140 I probably had about 15 to 20 minutes of total time that I looked at him 467 00:38:04,315 --> 00:38:07,512 and I really tried hard to look at him, even though you don't want to, 468 00:38:07,685 --> 00:38:11,416 I did try very hard to keep focused and, and look at him 469 00:38:14,592 --> 00:38:19,052 Jennifer managed to escape from her attacker and describe him to the police 470 00:38:19,864 --> 00:38:23,322 I thought Jennifer was an outstanding witness for a number of reasons 471 00:38:23,501 --> 00:38:29,565 She was able to articulate extremely well what happened to her 472 00:38:30,107 --> 00:38:32,200 during the course of the sexual assault 473 00:38:32,376 --> 00:38:34,844 In addition to that she was able to vividly 474 00:38:35,346 --> 00:38:37,746 provide a description of her assailant 475 00:38:39,517 --> 00:38:43,578 Jennifer went through the standard police procedure, describing her assailant 476 00:38:43,754 --> 00:38:48,589 and then creating an identikit picture of him feature by feature 477 00:38:49,560 --> 00:38:52,495 It was not easy - it was very difficult 478 00:38:53,130 --> 00:38:57,863 I really never understood how many nostrils there are in the world, 479 00:38:58,035 --> 00:39:02,404 how many bridges of the nose 480 00:39:02,573 --> 00:39:04,871 There's just so much involved in a facial description 481 00:39:05,042 --> 00:39:08,773 But once we were done I felt fairly confident that he, 482 00:39:08,946 --> 00:39:13,747 that the picture that we came up with was as close to the person 483 00:39:13,918 --> 00:39:16,250 who assaulted me as I could possibly get 484 00:39:17,822 --> 00:39:21,280 Within two days of the investigation there were six individuals 485 00:39:21,459 --> 00:39:23,120 who had surfaced as suspects 486 00:39:24,028 --> 00:39:28,658 We developed a photo line up involving those 6 individuals 487 00:39:30,601 --> 00:39:32,569 Jennifer identified a young black man 488 00:39:32,737 --> 00:39:36,366 called Ronald Cotton as the man who raped her 489 00:39:37,575 --> 00:39:41,204 Two days later she was asked to come to a line up at the local police station 490 00:39:41,479 --> 00:39:44,505 Once again she picked out Ronald Cotton 491 00:39:45,483 --> 00:39:49,112 Even though she was severely traumatised Jennifer was determined 492 00:39:49,286 --> 00:39:51,220 to testify at the trial 493 00:39:51,789 --> 00:39:53,882 Well I was very certain that was the person 494 00:39:54,058 --> 00:39:57,619 Rage was filling up in inside of me and so I think that 495 00:39:57,795 --> 00:40:04,223 I was very anxious to go ahead and proceed with the trial 496 00:40:04,635 --> 00:40:09,868 and see the man who attacked me serve his life sentence in jail 497 00:40:12,176 --> 00:40:16,476 At the trial in January 1985 Ronald Cotton was convicted of rape 498 00:40:16,647 --> 00:40:18,137 and sentenced to life 499 00:40:19,283 --> 00:40:22,411 But Ronald had always protested his innocence 500 00:40:22,853 --> 00:40:27,313 And once inside Central Prison in North Carolina an extraordinary coincidence 501 00:40:27,491 --> 00:40:29,823 occured which would change the course of his case 502 00:40:29,994 --> 00:40:34,055 His cell mate Bobby Poole was openly bragging to the other prisoners 503 00:40:34,231 --> 00:40:36,324 that he had raped Jennifer 504 00:40:36,934 --> 00:40:42,497 Bobby Poole did resemble the composite drawing, without question 505 00:40:43,007 --> 00:40:46,067 But there are thousands of black males in this case who would in fact 506 00:40:46,243 --> 00:40:48,370 look like or resemble the composite drawing 507 00:40:48,546 --> 00:40:54,178 So that didn't force me to waver in my confidence of her identification 508 00:40:55,319 --> 00:40:59,517 In the appeal court Jennifer was confronted with both Ronald and Bobby 509 00:41:00,090 --> 00:41:03,491 and again asked to identify the man who raped her 510 00:41:04,361 --> 00:41:08,525 When I saw both of them together I remember looking at Bobby Poole 511 00:41:09,066 --> 00:41:11,762 and not recognising him at all 512 00:41:11,936 --> 00:41:15,463 I mean that was of course one of the first questions is "do you recognise that man?" 513 00:41:15,639 --> 00:41:18,005 I said, "No, I've never seen him before in my life" 514 00:41:19,210 --> 00:41:22,304 Jennifer's eye witness testimony was so strong that 515 00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:25,677 Ronald was sent back to prison for another 8 years 516 00:41:26,684 --> 00:41:29,585 It wasn't until the new science of DNA testing was developed 517 00:41:29,753 --> 00:41:31,653 that her evidence was questioned 518 00:41:32,056 --> 00:41:35,514 A long forgotten sperm sample proved conclusively that 519 00:41:35,693 --> 00:41:39,686 Bobby Poole had indeed raped Jennifer 520 00:41:39,864 --> 00:41:43,527 She had identified the wrong man 521 00:41:46,570 --> 00:41:50,006 For the first time in a long time, you're walking out of here a free man 522 00:41:50,774 --> 00:41:55,268 With those words 33 year old Ronald Cotton was free for the first time in years 523 00:41:57,381 --> 00:42:04,253 I don't think I'd ever felt so ashamed and, and guilt ridden, and 524 00:42:04,421 --> 00:42:07,447 I guess part of me was - I mean I, I, 525 00:42:07,625 --> 00:42:15,293 I felt very, almost like I had... embarrassed, 526 00:42:15,466 --> 00:42:19,232 I, I think - embarrassed that I had made such a huge mistake 527 00:42:19,403 --> 00:42:25,399 and that mistake had impacted Ronald Cotton for those eleven years 528 00:42:25,576 --> 00:42:28,739 I mean significantly impacted Ronald Cotton for those eleven years 529 00:42:33,284 --> 00:42:35,548 So how did Jennifer get it so wrong? 530 00:42:35,853 --> 00:42:39,584 Well it seems that while her emotions were still running high 531 00:42:40,357 --> 00:42:42,757 she saw a face she thought looked familiar 532 00:42:42,927 --> 00:42:47,489 From that moment on her emotions imprinted that face deep into her brain 533 00:42:47,665 --> 00:42:53,604 So deeply that when she saw the face of the man who really raped her she felt nothing 534 00:42:53,771 --> 00:42:59,107 Now I realise that, that our minds are not video tapes, 535 00:42:59,276 --> 00:43:03,337 and we can't record something and then spit it back exactly as we saw it 536 00:43:04,582 --> 00:43:07,073 But it wasn't just the trauma of being raped... 537 00:43:07,484 --> 00:43:11,978 the colour of the face she was trying to recognise made a crucial difference 538 00:43:13,123 --> 00:43:15,751 I think trauma definitely had a part to play in that; 539 00:43:15,926 --> 00:43:21,330 but I also think that the racial differences had probably more to do, 540 00:43:22,066 --> 00:43:25,593 in my case, than almost anything 541 00:43:27,104 --> 00:43:31,097 I think that, that races have a very difficult time 542 00:43:31,275 --> 00:43:34,210 recognising differences in other races 543 00:43:38,649 --> 00:43:42,449 So if we know someone well, we're actually very good at recognising them 544 00:43:42,620 --> 00:43:44,884 even from a bad angle and in dodgy light 545 00:43:45,055 --> 00:43:49,219 But if we've only seen them once or twice we're really not very good 546 00:43:49,326 --> 00:43:53,023 especially if they're fases of a kind we're not familiar with 547 00:43:53,197 --> 00:43:55,427 "they all look the same to me" syndrome 548 00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:58,897 Then our recognition skills are in big trouble 549 00:44:00,137 --> 00:44:01,866 To a black person the differences between 550 00:44:02,039 --> 00:44:04,405 Bobby and Ronald's faces are probably obvious 551 00:44:04,575 --> 00:44:06,236 But to Jennifer they weren't 552 00:44:06,910 --> 00:44:12,348 Her brain focussed on the most obvious feature of the face - its colour 553 00:44:12,950 --> 00:44:17,614 This tendency to simplify seems to be the part of the way we're designed 554 00:44:18,288 --> 00:44:23,191 I think there is a general tendency in the visual system indeed in the brain 555 00:44:23,994 --> 00:44:28,727 to classify objects into similar types versus dissimilar types... 556 00:44:29,299 --> 00:44:31,733 the brain is doing this all the time to economise 557 00:44:31,902 --> 00:44:33,301 on visual information processing... 558 00:44:33,470 --> 00:44:39,636 to simplify the world and if this process gets deranged it could manifest as racism 559 00:44:39,977 --> 00:44:45,176 because instead of seeing the whole person single visual prototype 560 00:44:45,482 --> 00:44:48,076 somebody who is black or somebody who is Chinese 561 00:44:48,485 --> 00:44:53,047 and then you start making overgeneralisation from that one prototype 562 00:45:05,836 --> 00:45:11,274 Lisa's aware of these racial judgements and has had surgery to change her eyes 563 00:45:11,442 --> 00:45:14,240 and nose to fit in with her Caucasian friends 564 00:45:14,678 --> 00:45:15,667 No one has ever said to me 565 00:45:15,846 --> 00:45:19,077 you're the only Mexican girl hanging around all these white people... 566 00:45:19,249 --> 00:45:21,240 it just makes me more comfortable 567 00:45:22,252 --> 00:45:25,278 It's 6 weeks since her surgery 568 00:45:25,856 --> 00:45:27,915 We just recently went out with a bunch of friends 569 00:45:28,092 --> 00:45:32,085 and it was a great opportunity for all of us to get dressed up and go out 570 00:45:32,262 --> 00:45:35,231 I have to tell you I felt so good... 571 00:45:37,167 --> 00:45:40,068 you know some people may have said its very subtle 572 00:45:40,237 --> 00:45:44,196 but when I look at myself I definitely see a big difference 573 00:45:45,242 --> 00:45:47,870 lts exactly what I wanted its thinner 574 00:45:48,045 --> 00:45:55,281 I've got a great profile and I just feel it definitely enhances my face 575 00:45:56,687 --> 00:46:02,751 Not to sound very snobbish... I love it, it's exactly what I wanted 576 00:46:03,861 --> 00:46:06,329 So it was obviously the right decision for Lisa 577 00:46:07,131 --> 00:46:11,659 But some of us are brave enough to stand out from the crowd 578 00:46:28,085 --> 00:46:32,522 One of the things that I have shouted at me, when I walk down the street is 579 00:46:32,689 --> 00:46:36,125 oi fat chin, why don't you go and see a plastic surgeon? 580 00:46:37,060 --> 00:46:41,292 I've had that said to me for years, for most of my life... 581 00:46:42,399 --> 00:46:44,765 There were times when I though yeah 582 00:46:45,068 --> 00:46:48,731 I should see a doctor I want my chin to be small, 583 00:46:49,273 --> 00:46:52,242 so I don't ever have to go through that kind of abuse again 584 00:46:53,377 --> 00:46:56,505 But then I, I thought to myself well 585 00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:59,672 I'm not doing anything wrong looking like this; 586 00:46:59,850 --> 00:47:01,340 this is the face that I have, 587 00:47:02,486 --> 00:47:04,750 and I don't want to change it because this is me, 588 00:47:04,922 --> 00:47:08,756 you know I've grown up with this face; to me it's not just a face, 589 00:47:08,926 --> 00:47:12,020 it's kind of like a mark of identity or something 590 00:47:13,297 --> 00:47:15,629 So much, much better to look extraordinary 591 00:47:16,900 --> 00:47:19,425 cos there ain't many people in the world that look like me 592 00:47:20,771 --> 00:47:24,867 We should challenge the judgements we make based on people's faces 593 00:47:25,042 --> 00:47:27,101 we're often wrong 594 00:47:28,212 --> 00:47:31,443 Most people think that I must have served time in prison 595 00:47:32,349 --> 00:47:36,809 I must be some kind of hooligan I do get harassed quite often. 596 00:47:37,788 --> 00:47:42,316 At first a lot of people think I'm stuck up or they're afraid to approach me 597 00:47:43,260 --> 00:47:47,594 when they get to know me they see a whole different person 598 00:47:48,432 --> 00:47:52,528 The attitude people have if you look this way you got to be bad 599 00:47:52,703 --> 00:47:56,537 I'm really nice just trying to get along with everybody 600 00:47:57,674 --> 00:48:01,872 So the face merely gives us a few clues to start with 601 00:48:02,312 --> 00:48:06,043 after that we have to check the person out properly 602 00:48:06,917 --> 00:48:08,748 Isn't that a bit obvious, isn't it? What? 603 00:48:09,219 --> 00:48:10,948 Was it the best that you come up with? 604 00:48:12,022 --> 00:48:13,250 I thought it's rather interesting. 605 00:48:14,358 --> 00:48:15,916 I hope next week programme is better. 606 00:48:17,895 --> 00:48:20,363 Actually next week show is rather good. 607 00:48:20,530 --> 00:48:24,523 Infact it's so good I can't wait whole week to show you 608 00:48:25,002 --> 00:48:26,560 So, here is now 56851

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