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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:12,906 --> 00:00:17,906 Provided by explosiveskull https://twitter.com/kaboomskull 2 00:00:21,628 --> 00:00:24,064 I'm here outside Bend, Oregon. 3 00:00:24,097 --> 00:00:25,466 Uh... 4 00:00:25,498 --> 00:00:28,868 and there's a big old solar facility right here. 5 00:00:28,902 --> 00:00:31,739 "High voltage. Keep out. Authorized personnel." 6 00:00:31,771 --> 00:00:32,873 What's going on back here? 7 00:00:33,807 --> 00:00:35,975 They don't want you breaking into these places, 8 00:00:36,009 --> 00:00:40,146 but I'm in the facility now, so you can see this up close. 9 00:00:40,179 --> 00:00:42,415 You'll notice this is all dusty. 10 00:00:42,448 --> 00:00:45,118 So, these... these things have to be cleaned pretty regularly. 11 00:00:45,152 --> 00:00:47,954 So, most people don't realize that solar panels 12 00:00:47,987 --> 00:00:51,759 and solar power facilities are actually huge water users. 13 00:00:51,792 --> 00:00:55,195 Um, and they like to install them in desert areas, 14 00:00:55,228 --> 00:00:56,930 where water use is already a big problem. 15 00:00:57,698 --> 00:01:01,134 Um, these elements are made of silicon, which is mined and refined, 16 00:01:01,167 --> 00:01:04,405 using extremely high temperature destructive processes. 17 00:01:04,438 --> 00:01:08,075 Then they're mounted on these big steel pipes here. 18 00:01:08,108 --> 00:01:12,079 Look at this. I mean, this is just an industrial energy production facility. 19 00:01:12,111 --> 00:01:15,582 It... it has nothing to do with saving the planet whatsoever. 20 00:01:15,615 --> 00:01:17,784 Uh, it may have a slightly lar... 21 00:01:17,817 --> 00:01:20,587 lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels, 22 00:01:20,620 --> 00:01:23,890 but of course, this all requires fossil fuels to create. 23 00:01:23,924 --> 00:01:26,594 Um, the steel was all made using coal. 24 00:01:27,427 --> 00:01:31,131 All this material was trucked here using diesel... diesel trucks, 25 00:01:31,164 --> 00:01:35,135 extracted all over the world using massive mining trucks, powered by diesel. 26 00:01:35,168 --> 00:01:37,472 Uh, smelted using fossil fuels. 27 00:01:38,504 --> 00:01:43,043 Assembled at plants likely powered by fossil fuels. 28 00:01:44,043 --> 00:01:46,980 And, uh... And all of this destroys the planet, 29 00:01:47,013 --> 00:01:48,482 no matter where the power comes from. 30 00:01:49,283 --> 00:01:51,986 So, this shit ain't green. 31 00:01:59,358 --> 00:02:02,530 We are told that we can have our cake and eat it too. 32 00:02:02,563 --> 00:02:05,566 That we can maintain a high energy lifestyle, 33 00:02:05,599 --> 00:02:07,567 without destroying the planet. 34 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:12,205 We are told that solar, wind, hydro and biomass 35 00:02:12,239 --> 00:02:15,009 are clean, green and sustainable. 36 00:02:15,908 --> 00:02:18,578 What they don't talk about, are the unseen harms 37 00:02:18,611 --> 00:02:20,381 caused by these technologies. 38 00:02:21,114 --> 00:02:24,085 The processes which take place out of sight. 39 00:02:25,651 --> 00:02:30,024 People rarely question the solutions they are taught to embrace. 40 00:02:30,056 --> 00:02:31,858 But with all the world at stake, 41 00:02:31,891 --> 00:02:34,361 we must start asking the right questions. 42 00:02:35,127 --> 00:02:38,831 There is a push for a 100% renewable world. 43 00:02:38,865 --> 00:02:41,502 And after the research I've done for this documentary, 44 00:02:42,301 --> 00:02:43,638 I want no part of it. 45 00:02:45,405 --> 00:02:47,841 I did not become an environmentalist 46 00:02:47,873 --> 00:02:49,977 to protect my way of life, 47 00:02:50,009 --> 00:02:52,245 or the civilization in which I live. 48 00:02:53,045 --> 00:02:57,084 I did it because I am in love with life on this planet, 49 00:02:57,116 --> 00:02:59,753 and because the world I love is under assault. 50 00:03:02,155 --> 00:03:04,123 This film is for those whose allegiance 51 00:03:04,157 --> 00:03:05,626 is with the living world. 52 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:09,396 Those who would do whatever it takes to defend it. 53 00:03:14,401 --> 00:03:16,937 The environmental movement used to be 54 00:03:16,969 --> 00:03:20,574 a very impassioned group of people who cared deeply 55 00:03:20,606 --> 00:03:24,243 about the places we loved and the creatures we loved. 56 00:03:24,276 --> 00:03:26,279 What's happened, though, in my lifetime is that, 57 00:03:26,312 --> 00:03:29,716 this movement that was so honorable and so impassioned 58 00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:31,651 has turned into something completely different. 59 00:03:31,685 --> 00:03:35,756 And now it's about protecting a destructive way of life... 60 00:03:36,789 --> 00:03:40,026 while it destroys the creatures and the places that we love. 61 00:03:40,060 --> 00:03:43,896 It's all become, "How do we continue to fuel this destruction?" 62 00:03:43,930 --> 00:03:48,102 As if the only problem, was the fact that we were using oil and gas? 63 00:03:48,901 --> 00:03:51,237 You will have hundreds of thousands of people 64 00:03:51,270 --> 00:03:55,141 marching in the streets of Washington or New York or Paris. 65 00:03:55,175 --> 00:03:58,846 And if you ask those individuals, "Why are you marching?" 66 00:03:59,579 --> 00:04:01,782 They will say, "We want to save the planet." 67 00:04:01,814 --> 00:04:04,585 And if you ask them for their demands, they will say, 68 00:04:04,617 --> 00:04:07,020 "We want subsidies for the wind and solar industries." 69 00:04:07,721 --> 00:04:09,590 That's extraordinary. 70 00:04:09,622 --> 00:04:12,325 I can't think of any time in history, 71 00:04:12,359 --> 00:04:16,597 when any mass movement has been so completely captured... 72 00:04:17,297 --> 00:04:20,668 and turned into lobbyists for an industry. 73 00:04:20,701 --> 00:04:23,671 Frankly, solar, hydro, all them, 74 00:04:23,704 --> 00:04:27,441 do a great big fuck all to stop global warming. 75 00:04:27,473 --> 00:04:30,743 But what they do is, they make us think 76 00:04:30,776 --> 00:04:32,312 we are accomplishing something, 77 00:04:32,345 --> 00:04:35,616 while certain sectors of industry... get rich. 78 00:04:36,882 --> 00:04:40,120 The natural world isn't really part of the conversation anymore. 79 00:04:40,153 --> 00:04:42,756 You know, Kumi Naidoo, the former head of Greenpeace, 80 00:04:42,788 --> 00:04:44,692 I was watching him being interviewed the other day 81 00:04:44,725 --> 00:04:47,561 and he was saying, you know, "Look, the planet's going to survive, 82 00:04:47,593 --> 00:04:50,197 the oceans are going to survive, forests are going to survive. 83 00:04:50,230 --> 00:04:53,100 It's really about, 'Can we save ourselves or not?'" 84 00:04:53,132 --> 00:04:56,169 And I just saw that and I'm thinking, "What the hell are you saying?" 85 00:04:56,202 --> 00:04:58,072 This is somebody who is considered to be, 86 00:04:58,105 --> 00:05:00,474 you know, one of the top environmentalists in the world and he's saying, 87 00:05:00,507 --> 00:05:02,776 "We don't have to worry about the forest or the oceans." 88 00:05:02,809 --> 00:05:06,213 I mean, to me, that just betrays a complete lack of empathy 89 00:05:06,245 --> 00:05:08,281 and connection to the natural world. 90 00:05:08,314 --> 00:05:10,550 I don't know how you could possibly say that, 91 00:05:10,584 --> 00:05:14,054 when we're in the midst of the sixth great mass extinction. 92 00:05:14,086 --> 00:05:16,423 And it's being caused by industrial culture. 93 00:05:17,124 --> 00:05:19,359 It's being caused by the same institutions, 94 00:05:19,391 --> 00:05:22,562 the same economies, the same systems, the same raw materials. 95 00:05:22,596 --> 00:05:25,298 The same extractive mindset 96 00:05:25,331 --> 00:05:28,435 that is being used for these renewable energy technologies. 97 00:05:30,370 --> 00:05:33,107 Bright Green environmentalism is founded on the notion that 98 00:05:33,139 --> 00:05:35,842 technology will solve environmental problems 99 00:05:35,875 --> 00:05:39,812 and that you can, through 100% recycling, 100 00:05:39,846 --> 00:05:42,716 through wind and solar power 101 00:05:42,749 --> 00:05:46,854 have an industrial economy that does not harm the planet. 102 00:05:46,887 --> 00:05:51,024 Deep ecology is the belief that we need to radically change 103 00:05:51,057 --> 00:05:53,994 the way society functions, in order to be sustainable. 104 00:06:02,668 --> 00:06:03,803 I'm in New Hampshire, 105 00:06:03,836 --> 00:06:06,173 getting ready to film a clear-cut. 106 00:06:06,206 --> 00:06:09,276 The activist I'm meeting sent footage he captured, 107 00:06:09,309 --> 00:06:11,278 of animals who live in the forest. 108 00:06:27,627 --> 00:06:29,963 All these creatures who live here... 109 00:06:29,995 --> 00:06:32,031 their homes are being destroyed, 110 00:06:32,064 --> 00:06:34,668 to provide so-called "green energy," 111 00:06:34,701 --> 00:06:36,470 in the form of biomass. 112 00:06:37,269 --> 00:06:40,072 Biomass is one of the big, dirty secrets 113 00:06:40,105 --> 00:06:41,709 of the Bright Green movement. 114 00:06:42,576 --> 00:06:48,715 What biomass is, is simply a fancy word for burning stuff. 115 00:06:48,747 --> 00:06:53,754 What they're doing is, they are cutting down forests all over the world, 116 00:06:53,786 --> 00:06:57,723 and burning them and calling this biomass, 117 00:06:57,757 --> 00:07:01,028 calling this renewable, calling this carbon neutral. 118 00:07:02,127 --> 00:07:08,067 They will talk about how, "Oh, renewables are growing X percent every year." 119 00:07:08,100 --> 00:07:10,269 But what they never talk about is that, for example, 120 00:07:10,302 --> 00:07:13,273 in their German miracle, majority of the increase 121 00:07:13,305 --> 00:07:15,508 in so called renewables is biomass. 122 00:07:15,541 --> 00:07:17,610 It's not wind and solar, like they talk about. 123 00:07:17,644 --> 00:07:19,478 That's because they don't really want to talk about 124 00:07:19,512 --> 00:07:21,415 the fact that their so-called "renewable energy" 125 00:07:21,447 --> 00:07:22,849 is simply cutting down forests. 126 00:07:29,555 --> 00:07:31,791 - So they sell these timber sales? - Yep. 127 00:07:32,959 --> 00:07:34,761 Last year, they got revenue 128 00:07:34,793 --> 00:07:38,831 - of about $550,000. - Okay. 129 00:07:38,865 --> 00:07:41,602 Their timber program costs at least 130 00:07:41,634 --> 00:07:43,603 three million dollars to implement. 131 00:07:44,471 --> 00:07:47,507 Not only are they removing our trees, 132 00:07:47,540 --> 00:07:50,076 not only are they removing the only thing we have 133 00:07:50,110 --> 00:07:52,379 to sequester carbon on this Earth... 134 00:07:54,247 --> 00:07:56,182 - but we pay for it. - Wow! 135 00:07:56,983 --> 00:07:59,019 - That's insane. - It is insane. 136 00:07:59,052 --> 00:08:01,421 It's completely insane. 137 00:08:01,454 --> 00:08:02,855 And people don't... 138 00:08:02,889 --> 00:08:04,658 You t... explain that... you tell people that, 139 00:08:04,690 --> 00:08:08,294 and they're like, "No..." Yeah! Absolutely. 140 00:08:08,327 --> 00:08:11,163 We... we, the US taxpayers... 141 00:08:11,197 --> 00:08:14,201 ...subsidize these guys, to kill trees. 142 00:08:15,100 --> 00:08:18,305 The problem we have right now, and... and the thing I always 143 00:08:18,338 --> 00:08:20,841 fight these guys on is that, 144 00:08:20,874 --> 00:08:22,643 - we have a carbon problem right now. - Yeah. 145 00:08:22,675 --> 00:08:25,378 - You know, we're at 400 parts per million or whatever it is. - Yeah. 146 00:08:25,411 --> 00:08:28,114 So, you know, that... and they'll say, "Well, 147 00:08:28,148 --> 00:08:29,883 yeah, but that tree will regrow." 148 00:08:29,915 --> 00:08:32,218 Yeah, but that's 100 years from now. 149 00:08:32,252 --> 00:08:33,787 - Mm-hmm. - Where are we going to be then? 150 00:08:33,820 --> 00:08:35,756 - 600 parts per million? I don't know. - Yeah. 151 00:08:35,788 --> 00:08:37,524 But if you leave that tree there, 152 00:08:37,557 --> 00:08:38,959 that tree is going to continue, 153 00:08:38,991 --> 00:08:41,560 not only to sequester the carbon that's in it right now... 154 00:08:41,594 --> 00:08:44,698 - Mm-hmm. - ...but the carbon that, in the next 100 years... 155 00:08:45,465 --> 00:08:47,567 - Right. - ...that it would have taken to rep... 156 00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:49,836 you know, 100 plus years to replace that tree. 157 00:08:49,869 --> 00:08:53,540 - It's sequestering that much more carbon in that one tree. - Mm-hmm. 158 00:08:53,572 --> 00:08:57,443 - Yeah. Just totally sets you back to remove it. - So... 159 00:08:57,476 --> 00:08:59,745 Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah. So, I mean, that's what... 160 00:08:59,778 --> 00:09:01,514 that's what makes... you know, so then you go 161 00:09:01,548 --> 00:09:03,216 to the whole thing of whole-tree harvesting, 162 00:09:03,249 --> 00:09:05,652 where not only do they take the bole of the tree, 163 00:09:05,684 --> 00:09:08,821 they take everything, you know, that's removing everything 164 00:09:08,855 --> 00:09:10,990 from the... from the... the equation. 165 00:09:11,024 --> 00:09:12,525 Yeah, and then you burn it for biomass. 166 00:09:12,558 --> 00:09:14,727 And then and then you burn it and it goes poof! 167 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:16,963 And all that carbon is instant released 168 00:09:16,996 --> 00:09:19,265 into the atmosphere that's already overloaded with carbon. 169 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:22,169 It's kind of like a spider web. 170 00:09:22,201 --> 00:09:24,203 You have all these trails going off. 171 00:09:25,504 --> 00:09:27,374 That's the beginning of the clear-cut. 172 00:09:27,407 --> 00:09:28,942 I mean, you walk out the thing 173 00:09:28,975 --> 00:09:30,543 and... and it's going to hit you in the face. 174 00:09:33,312 --> 00:09:38,918 An old forest has carbon as part of the trees. 175 00:09:38,951 --> 00:09:41,587 The soil, the branches. 176 00:09:41,620 --> 00:09:44,557 That's all carbon that is... is currently sequestered 177 00:09:44,591 --> 00:09:47,760 and is not going out into the atmosphere. 178 00:09:47,793 --> 00:09:49,328 You cut that tree down. 179 00:09:49,361 --> 00:09:51,831 Not only does it stop sequestering carbon, 180 00:09:51,865 --> 00:09:55,668 but it actually starts emitting carbon from the soil that's left, 181 00:09:55,701 --> 00:09:57,604 because the soil has been disturbed. 182 00:09:59,239 --> 00:10:02,075 To generate a unit of electricity, 183 00:10:02,107 --> 00:10:07,146 biomass will release more carbon than coal will... 184 00:10:08,248 --> 00:10:10,184 and coal's plenty dirty enough. 185 00:10:11,283 --> 00:10:14,955 We're looking at the aftermath of a 245 acre... 186 00:10:14,988 --> 00:10:17,958 whole-tree harvest liquidation cut, 187 00:10:17,990 --> 00:10:22,261 where effectively, they removed all of the above ground biomass. 188 00:10:22,294 --> 00:10:25,564 Almost all the trees. They left a couple of pine here and there, 189 00:10:25,597 --> 00:10:27,833 uh, one or two little patches that they didn't cut, 190 00:10:27,866 --> 00:10:31,538 but effectively, it's a 245 acre clear-cut. 191 00:10:31,571 --> 00:10:33,572 To call it carbon neutral, 192 00:10:33,605 --> 00:10:36,809 you have to do some pretty dishonest accounting. 193 00:10:36,842 --> 00:10:38,344 For instance, the European Union... 194 00:10:39,044 --> 00:10:41,914 doesn't count the carbon it released in its burning 195 00:10:41,947 --> 00:10:46,218 in its calculations, whereas the American forests 196 00:10:46,251 --> 00:10:48,988 that are supplying the carbon 197 00:10:49,022 --> 00:10:53,293 don't count the carbon they're releasing during the harvesting. 198 00:10:53,326 --> 00:10:57,497 Now, the justification is, we don't want to count it twice, 199 00:10:57,529 --> 00:11:00,232 so we don't count it at all. And now it's carbon neutral. 200 00:11:00,265 --> 00:11:02,334 We got to count at once, folks. And when you count at once, 201 00:11:02,368 --> 00:11:05,038 it doesn't matter whether it's the carbon released 202 00:11:05,071 --> 00:11:07,541 from the burning of it, or whether you count 203 00:11:07,573 --> 00:11:11,310 the carbon stored in that forest that you've liquidated, 204 00:11:11,344 --> 00:11:14,147 because now it's going to be burned 205 00:11:14,179 --> 00:11:17,349 and it's going to be released. So, uh, I guess I... 206 00:11:17,383 --> 00:11:20,454 I'm not comfortable with an industry that deceives me, 207 00:11:20,486 --> 00:11:22,421 about something as important as climate change. 208 00:11:25,024 --> 00:11:26,692 As forests get older... 209 00:11:27,360 --> 00:11:29,629 they sequester more and more carbon. 210 00:11:29,662 --> 00:11:31,798 They sequester more and more carbon per year. 211 00:11:32,899 --> 00:11:34,801 Every time you cut down the forest, 212 00:11:34,833 --> 00:11:39,004 you are removing lots of biomass, 213 00:11:39,038 --> 00:11:41,640 and you're removing lots of nutrients. 214 00:11:41,673 --> 00:11:44,744 You're completely stressing out the forest. 215 00:11:44,777 --> 00:11:47,714 You're removing all those who live there, 216 00:11:47,746 --> 00:11:51,184 and you are somehow expecting it to recover. 217 00:11:52,851 --> 00:11:56,389 I love the line by John Livingston, "There is no surplus in nature." 218 00:11:56,422 --> 00:11:59,826 Every tree that's taken out was a home for someone else 219 00:11:59,859 --> 00:12:01,328 and was food for someone else. 220 00:12:21,313 --> 00:12:24,650 Bright Green environmentalists love pointing out examples 221 00:12:24,683 --> 00:12:27,053 of countries that have switched to renewable energy, 222 00:12:27,820 --> 00:12:31,291 but there are a lot of inconsistencies in these claims. 223 00:12:31,323 --> 00:12:34,593 One problem is that they will often imply this energy 224 00:12:34,626 --> 00:12:36,762 comes from solar and wind, 225 00:12:36,796 --> 00:12:39,932 when the majority of this so-called "green energy" 226 00:12:39,966 --> 00:12:41,100 comes from hydro. 227 00:12:42,467 --> 00:12:44,236 Hydro is incredibly destructive. 228 00:12:44,269 --> 00:12:47,274 Dams destroy the regions below the dam. 229 00:12:47,307 --> 00:12:49,776 They destroy the river above the dam. 230 00:12:49,808 --> 00:12:52,879 They kill the fish, who can no longer move up and down the river. 231 00:12:52,912 --> 00:12:54,947 Dams increase the water temperature. 232 00:12:54,980 --> 00:12:56,982 And then to sort of top all this off, 233 00:12:57,015 --> 00:12:59,885 dams are claimed to be carbon neutral, 234 00:12:59,918 --> 00:13:02,422 but that's been known for decades not to be true. 235 00:13:02,455 --> 00:13:05,425 But there are those who call dams "methane bombs," 236 00:13:05,457 --> 00:13:07,326 because they release so much methane. 237 00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:11,031 One of the reasons they produce methane is that, when the reservoir first rises, 238 00:13:11,063 --> 00:13:14,166 it will, of course, inundate the land above. 239 00:13:14,200 --> 00:13:16,570 And when the forest has been inundated, 240 00:13:16,602 --> 00:13:19,905 it then decays in anaerobic conditions 241 00:13:19,938 --> 00:13:21,942 and produces methane. 242 00:13:21,975 --> 00:13:24,878 It is almost a prototypical Bright Green lie, 243 00:13:24,910 --> 00:13:27,813 in that they claim it is good for the environment, 244 00:13:27,846 --> 00:13:29,915 when actually it is harmful for the environment, 245 00:13:29,948 --> 00:13:33,352 and it is harmful for even global warming purposes. 246 00:13:33,385 --> 00:13:35,654 It succeeds on no level. 247 00:13:41,293 --> 00:13:44,530 One of the pioneering writers in this field 248 00:13:44,563 --> 00:13:48,134 is a guy named Ozzie Zehner, who wrote a book called Green Illusions. 249 00:13:48,167 --> 00:13:50,803 And he starts off the book with a story, 250 00:13:50,836 --> 00:13:54,039 from when he was working, doing solar installations. 251 00:13:54,072 --> 00:13:57,276 And he was in Washington, D.C. and these politicians 252 00:13:57,309 --> 00:13:59,545 wanted to install solar panels on their roof. 253 00:13:59,578 --> 00:14:02,314 So, he went to their house to check out the site and... 254 00:14:02,347 --> 00:14:06,418 and see what it would look like, so he could give them a... you know, a quote. 255 00:14:06,451 --> 00:14:09,556 And he got there and assessed the situation 256 00:14:09,589 --> 00:14:12,058 and he went back and talked to them and he said, 257 00:14:12,091 --> 00:14:14,927 "Look, you've got these beautiful old oak trees 258 00:14:14,961 --> 00:14:17,230 growing on the south side of your house, 259 00:14:17,263 --> 00:14:19,798 and if you want to put in solar panels on your roof, 260 00:14:19,831 --> 00:14:21,867 we're going to have to cut these trees down. 261 00:14:21,900 --> 00:14:25,572 And I would actually recommend that you don't install the solar panels, 262 00:14:25,605 --> 00:14:29,406 because both in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, 263 00:14:29,408 --> 00:14:31,644 and, uh, your electricity bill, 264 00:14:31,677 --> 00:14:34,748 these trees are providing a greater benefit 265 00:14:34,780 --> 00:14:37,116 by shading your house in the summer, 266 00:14:37,149 --> 00:14:40,185 by protecting it from winds in the winter, uh, 267 00:14:40,219 --> 00:14:42,155 than the solar panels would." 268 00:14:42,187 --> 00:14:45,258 And the people said, "We don't care about that. 269 00:14:45,291 --> 00:14:47,027 We actually want you to go ahead and cut them down 270 00:14:47,059 --> 00:14:49,495 and install the sol... solar panels anyway." 271 00:14:49,528 --> 00:14:52,932 And I think that really gets to the fundamental issue 272 00:14:52,965 --> 00:14:55,402 with these technologies is that, for many people, 273 00:14:55,434 --> 00:14:57,670 they're more about a status symbol 274 00:14:57,703 --> 00:14:59,872 and an indication of a... 275 00:14:59,905 --> 00:15:02,174 Some sort of greener than thou... 276 00:15:02,207 --> 00:15:04,977 uh, mindset that's going on, 277 00:15:05,010 --> 00:15:07,713 than they are an actual solution. 278 00:15:07,746 --> 00:15:11,284 If you can install a solar panel on your roof... 279 00:15:12,118 --> 00:15:16,589 you may not directly be seeing any smoke 280 00:15:16,621 --> 00:15:18,524 come out of any smokestacks... 281 00:15:19,225 --> 00:15:21,427 but that doesn't mean it's not happening. 282 00:15:21,461 --> 00:15:25,465 You can't produce a solar/wind infrastructure 283 00:15:25,498 --> 00:15:27,033 without fossil fuels. 284 00:15:27,066 --> 00:15:29,168 To produce solar panels, you need... 285 00:15:29,201 --> 00:15:31,837 extremely high-purity silicon. 286 00:15:31,870 --> 00:15:35,607 It's something like 99.999% pure. 287 00:15:35,640 --> 00:15:37,476 And that's not found in nature. 288 00:15:37,509 --> 00:15:40,245 But what you have to do is, you have to go find 289 00:15:40,278 --> 00:15:42,415 the purest silicon deposits that you can. 290 00:15:43,182 --> 00:15:46,452 And this is usually in the form of sand mining, 291 00:15:46,485 --> 00:15:48,654 and this happens around the world, 292 00:15:48,687 --> 00:15:50,356 and it's highly, highly destructive. 293 00:15:51,057 --> 00:15:53,860 Because of the demand for high-quality silica, 294 00:15:53,893 --> 00:15:57,497 there are islands off the coast of China that have disappeared completely. 295 00:15:57,529 --> 00:15:59,699 They have mined the island out of existence. 296 00:16:01,134 --> 00:16:04,803 They require rare earths and much of the rare earth minerals 297 00:16:04,836 --> 00:16:07,273 come from Baotou in China. 298 00:16:07,306 --> 00:16:12,045 And Baotou is, essentially, devoid of wildlife, 299 00:16:12,077 --> 00:16:17,616 and there is a, basically, 19 square-mile tailings pond, 300 00:16:17,649 --> 00:16:19,752 tailings lake, in which nothing can grow. 301 00:16:20,620 --> 00:16:22,322 So, don't tell me this has no effects. 302 00:16:22,355 --> 00:16:24,157 Don't tell me this is environmentally neutral. 303 00:16:30,062 --> 00:16:33,600 Mining, pollution, carbon emissions. 304 00:16:34,466 --> 00:16:36,668 The production of renewable technologies 305 00:16:36,701 --> 00:16:39,472 has obvious environmental impacts. 306 00:16:40,173 --> 00:16:44,144 I wanted to see what mainstream environmental organizations 307 00:16:44,177 --> 00:16:46,913 were saying about so-called "green energy." 308 00:16:50,115 --> 00:16:53,586 NRDC. Our work. Climate change. 309 00:16:54,386 --> 00:16:57,556 "Fighting climate change by cutting carbon pollution 310 00:16:57,590 --> 00:17:00,059 and expanding clean energy 311 00:17:00,091 --> 00:17:02,461 is the best way to build a better future 312 00:17:02,495 --> 00:17:03,495 for our children." 313 00:17:03,528 --> 00:17:05,365 Policy solution. 314 00:17:05,397 --> 00:17:07,833 "Increase renewable energy. 315 00:17:07,866 --> 00:17:11,236 Bolster global clean energy financing." 316 00:17:11,269 --> 00:17:14,307 World Wildlife Fund. Climate. 317 00:17:14,339 --> 00:17:18,377 "Create a climate-resilient and zero-carbon world, 318 00:17:18,411 --> 00:17:20,779 powered by renewable energy." 319 00:17:20,813 --> 00:17:22,515 Sierra Club. 320 00:17:22,548 --> 00:17:25,751 They're advocating for people to sign a petition 321 00:17:25,785 --> 00:17:29,956 telling members of Congress to support a Green New Deal. 322 00:17:29,989 --> 00:17:31,591 David Suzuki Foundation. 323 00:17:31,624 --> 00:17:34,794 "Canadians overwhelmingly support a quick transition 324 00:17:34,826 --> 00:17:37,630 to efficient, zero-emissions energy." 325 00:17:37,663 --> 00:17:39,798 "Clean energy." "Clean energy." 326 00:17:39,832 --> 00:17:43,903 "Clean energy provides a wide array of services." 327 00:17:43,935 --> 00:17:47,506 "Clean electricity will replace fossil fuels." 328 00:17:47,539 --> 00:17:49,541 Okay, this is Greenpeace. 329 00:17:49,575 --> 00:17:53,513 "Renewable energy is cheap, sustainable 330 00:17:53,546 --> 00:17:57,484 and already making our planet more green and peaceful. 331 00:17:58,250 --> 00:18:01,086 It disrupts corporate energy systems. 332 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:06,459 It's great for our health, and there's nothing better for our planet." 333 00:18:15,201 --> 00:18:17,170 You know, why don't we imitate a forest 334 00:18:17,202 --> 00:18:19,204 and try to do what the forest does? 335 00:18:19,238 --> 00:18:22,342 Take this clean, free energy 336 00:18:22,375 --> 00:18:24,176 and... and use it. 337 00:18:24,210 --> 00:18:26,813 And, um, that, to me, is the opportunity. 338 00:18:26,846 --> 00:18:30,650 I think that every bit of our clothing should be a solar panel. 339 00:18:30,682 --> 00:18:34,086 Uh, you know, I... I've got a backpack that's got a solar panel on it, 340 00:18:34,119 --> 00:18:37,055 and I can charge my laptop and my cell phone, 341 00:18:37,088 --> 00:18:38,991 right from the, uh... 342 00:18:39,025 --> 00:18:41,027 My... my, uh, backpack. 343 00:18:41,059 --> 00:18:45,130 I think that hats and everything... 344 00:18:45,163 --> 00:18:47,933 You know, um, in France now, 345 00:18:47,967 --> 00:18:50,670 they're building 1000 kilometers of highway, 346 00:18:50,702 --> 00:18:53,038 and the highway is a solar panel. 347 00:18:53,071 --> 00:18:55,574 And that highway, 1000 kilometers, 348 00:18:55,607 --> 00:18:59,077 will service I don't know how many 100,000 homes. 349 00:18:59,111 --> 00:19:01,948 And, um, the same thing with concrete sidewalks. 350 00:19:01,980 --> 00:19:05,183 It should... our buildings should be wrapped in solar panels, 351 00:19:05,217 --> 00:19:07,820 not just have them up on the roofs, 352 00:19:07,853 --> 00:19:10,355 but everywhere that sunlight hits, 353 00:19:10,388 --> 00:19:13,492 let's grab that and use it the way that a forest does. 354 00:19:15,894 --> 00:19:18,664 It's hard for me to see many similarities 355 00:19:18,698 --> 00:19:22,836 between forests and solar energy generation facilities. 356 00:19:24,236 --> 00:19:28,041 We all know solar panels don't grow out of the ground. 357 00:19:28,074 --> 00:19:30,576 They require a global supply chain 358 00:19:30,609 --> 00:19:33,145 and a functioning industrial economy. 359 00:19:33,179 --> 00:19:36,849 With all the mining, shipping, manufacturing 360 00:19:36,882 --> 00:19:40,687 and environmental harms inherent to these processes. 361 00:19:41,820 --> 00:19:45,692 While forests sequester carbon, provide habitat, 362 00:19:45,724 --> 00:19:47,226 and promote biodiversity. 363 00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:50,430 Solar electric generating facilities 364 00:19:50,462 --> 00:19:52,831 require habitat destruction, 365 00:19:52,865 --> 00:19:55,233 both at the site where they are installed, 366 00:19:55,267 --> 00:19:59,105 and around the world, where the materials to make them are extracted. 367 00:20:01,073 --> 00:20:02,742 While editing this film, 368 00:20:02,775 --> 00:20:05,312 I researched the solar highway in France. 369 00:20:06,178 --> 00:20:10,149 Turns out it broke, shortly after it was installed. 370 00:20:10,182 --> 00:20:13,886 One publication described it as a "total disaster." 371 00:20:16,288 --> 00:20:19,759 Solar and wind have been called alternative fossil fuels, 372 00:20:19,791 --> 00:20:21,493 because they require fossil fuels 373 00:20:21,527 --> 00:20:23,962 at every stage of the production process. 374 00:20:23,996 --> 00:20:27,266 So the mining, the shipping, the manufacturing... 375 00:20:27,298 --> 00:20:29,402 - Yeah. - ...it might be less than fossil fuels, 376 00:20:29,434 --> 00:20:31,671 but it still adds up to quite a bit. 377 00:20:31,703 --> 00:20:33,806 You don't get anything for nothing. 378 00:20:33,838 --> 00:20:40,078 Yeah, you know, to lay the asphalt, uh, highway that France is, 379 00:20:40,112 --> 00:20:42,815 - you use a lot of fossil fuels. - Yeah. 380 00:20:42,847 --> 00:20:46,618 Um, and that's the, uh, the dilemma we're in. 381 00:20:46,652 --> 00:20:51,090 It seems to me that we have to get off the... the deliberate... 382 00:20:51,123 --> 00:20:54,826 burning of fossil fuels that can be replaced with electricity, 383 00:20:54,859 --> 00:21:00,132 and, uh, we have to minimize the, uh, the c... 384 00:21:00,165 --> 00:21:03,001 the carbon that we use in creating the products 385 00:21:03,035 --> 00:21:04,704 that are really going to give us a big edge. 386 00:21:04,737 --> 00:21:07,440 But you don't get anything for nothing. 387 00:21:07,472 --> 00:21:09,307 And there's no question, you know, 388 00:21:09,340 --> 00:21:12,744 you think of all the metals that go into a windmill. 389 00:21:12,778 --> 00:21:16,649 Even the servicing is going to take, uh, fossil fuels 390 00:21:16,682 --> 00:21:18,817 to... to get up there and... 391 00:21:18,851 --> 00:21:21,954 Yeah, th... but it's a question of... 392 00:21:21,987 --> 00:21:23,556 are they in the long term, 393 00:21:23,588 --> 00:21:27,592 are they going to reduce our carbon footprint... 394 00:21:27,625 --> 00:21:29,162 in... in a long term way? 395 00:21:30,128 --> 00:21:31,997 That's the real question. 396 00:21:32,030 --> 00:21:34,232 Do solar panels and wind turbines 397 00:21:34,266 --> 00:21:37,937 actually reduce carbon emissions in the long term? 398 00:21:37,970 --> 00:21:43,407 There's an assumption that when you add energy from solar or wind to the grid, 399 00:21:43,409 --> 00:21:45,912 it displaces fossil fuels. 400 00:21:45,944 --> 00:21:48,781 But this isn't what we're seeing in the real world. 401 00:21:49,515 --> 00:21:52,085 This is really one of the key... 402 00:21:52,852 --> 00:21:55,555 elements in the Bright Green vision. 403 00:21:55,587 --> 00:21:59,658 Is this idea that, as you bring more and more green energy online, 404 00:21:59,692 --> 00:22:02,194 you turn off more fossil fuels. 405 00:22:02,228 --> 00:22:04,964 You don't need them anymore, so you can get rid of them. 406 00:22:04,997 --> 00:22:06,932 And that's just not happening. 407 00:22:06,965 --> 00:22:08,700 If you actually look at the data, 408 00:22:08,733 --> 00:22:11,303 the increase in renewable energy, 409 00:22:11,336 --> 00:22:13,306 that power is generally added on top 410 00:22:13,338 --> 00:22:15,674 of what's already available from coal power plants, 411 00:22:15,708 --> 00:22:18,044 from fossil fuel power plants, 412 00:22:18,076 --> 00:22:20,279 from nuclear, from hydro and so on. 413 00:22:21,881 --> 00:22:25,218 Research I've done, looking at data on many nations, 414 00:22:25,250 --> 00:22:28,721 over time, mostly over the past five decades or so... 415 00:22:28,753 --> 00:22:33,125 um, shows that there's not a strong rate of suppression, 416 00:22:33,159 --> 00:22:35,361 when you add non-fossil fuel energy 417 00:22:35,394 --> 00:22:37,028 of suppressing fossil fuel use. 418 00:22:37,061 --> 00:22:41,433 It takes maybe four to ten times more, um, 419 00:22:41,467 --> 00:22:46,005 non-fossil fuel energy, to get one unit reduction in fossil energy, 420 00:22:46,038 --> 00:22:47,640 controlling for what you'd expect 421 00:22:47,673 --> 00:22:50,542 from growth of population, GDP and so forth. 422 00:22:50,576 --> 00:22:54,846 If you look at the trends in all energy sources, 423 00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:57,750 roughly speaking, they've all grown rapidly. 424 00:22:57,782 --> 00:23:00,118 Fossil fuels, when you add natural gas, 425 00:23:00,152 --> 00:23:03,322 you don't see any suppression, per se of coal 426 00:23:03,355 --> 00:23:05,458 or oil consumption. 427 00:23:05,490 --> 00:23:08,360 Nuclear power doesn't seem to have a strong effect on the others. 428 00:23:08,394 --> 00:23:10,328 Meaning, all energy sources are consumed 429 00:23:10,362 --> 00:23:11,998 as their production increases. 430 00:23:12,030 --> 00:23:15,433 And so I've called that, um, the displacement paradox, 431 00:23:15,467 --> 00:23:18,171 just meaning, you know, we might assume that one would displace another, 432 00:23:18,203 --> 00:23:19,971 it would push another out in proportion, 433 00:23:20,005 --> 00:23:22,241 and we don't see that, or we don't see it strongly. 434 00:23:22,273 --> 00:23:25,944 To the extent there is displacement, it's certainly not one-for-one. 435 00:23:25,978 --> 00:23:28,514 But if you think about it, most industries, 436 00:23:28,547 --> 00:23:31,049 companies, corporations, they're trying to make profits. 437 00:23:31,083 --> 00:23:32,785 They're trying to expand production and consumption. 438 00:23:32,817 --> 00:23:34,686 They're not trying to conserve resources. 439 00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:36,855 So, that's historically, new energy sources have just 440 00:23:36,888 --> 00:23:38,456 allowed for more growth, more... 441 00:23:38,490 --> 00:23:39,991 more production, more consumption. 442 00:23:40,025 --> 00:23:41,794 If we want to push out fossil fuels, 443 00:23:41,826 --> 00:23:43,429 I think we need to push out fossil fuels, 444 00:23:43,461 --> 00:23:46,132 rather than just hoping producing more 445 00:23:46,164 --> 00:23:49,634 wind or solar will do that, naturally in the marketplace. 446 00:23:49,667 --> 00:23:51,837 While these energy sources are being brought online, 447 00:23:51,871 --> 00:23:54,140 they tend to add on top of the fossil fuels... 448 00:23:54,173 --> 00:23:56,474 - Yeah. - ...they don't tend to displace them. 449 00:23:56,508 --> 00:24:00,046 So, it takes, on... on average, about ten units of... of, like, 450 00:24:00,078 --> 00:24:04,549 solar or wind to displace one unit of fossil fuel energy. 451 00:24:04,583 --> 00:24:07,821 - That's recently added to the grid... - Yeah. Yeah. 452 00:24:09,387 --> 00:24:12,657 So, what is the conclusion from an analysis like that? 453 00:24:12,691 --> 00:24:13,793 We shouldn't do anything? 454 00:24:15,094 --> 00:24:16,162 - No, I don't think so. - Is it saying it's making it worse, 455 00:24:16,194 --> 00:24:18,096 by trying to come up with a solution? 456 00:24:18,130 --> 00:24:20,333 No, it's... it's not. It's not that. 457 00:24:20,365 --> 00:24:23,201 It's just maybe we're looking in the wrong places for solutions. 458 00:24:23,234 --> 00:24:26,137 That maybe we need to tackle it on a more systemic level. 459 00:24:26,171 --> 00:24:29,141 Yeah, there's... there's no question. 460 00:24:29,173 --> 00:24:33,179 I mean, our major impact on the planet now, 461 00:24:33,211 --> 00:24:36,215 not just in terms of energy, is consumption. 462 00:24:37,282 --> 00:24:40,586 And that was a deliberate program. 463 00:24:40,618 --> 00:24:43,255 After all... you're way too young, 464 00:24:43,288 --> 00:24:47,359 but, uh, I remember the impact of the Great Depression. 465 00:24:47,393 --> 00:24:51,364 The 1930s. My mom and dad were married in the 1930s, 466 00:24:51,396 --> 00:24:55,400 and that was a terrible time and people learned to live 467 00:24:55,433 --> 00:24:58,037 and, you know, cooperate and act together. 468 00:24:58,069 --> 00:25:02,207 In many ways, communities were much stronger and tighter back then, 469 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:03,209 because you had to. 470 00:25:04,343 --> 00:25:06,812 What brought us out of the Depression was World War II. 471 00:25:06,845 --> 00:25:09,749 Wars are great for bringing economies up. 472 00:25:10,615 --> 00:25:13,952 As the war was coming to an end, the Pr... U.S. President said, 473 00:25:13,986 --> 00:25:15,721 "Holy... we're going to win this... 474 00:25:15,753 --> 00:25:18,223 but what do we do with the economy in peacetime?" 475 00:25:19,124 --> 00:25:22,028 So, he asked his Council of Economic Advisers... 476 00:25:22,728 --> 00:25:26,832 "How do you transition a wartime economy to a peacetime economy?" 477 00:25:26,865 --> 00:25:29,234 And their answer was "Consumption. 478 00:25:29,268 --> 00:25:33,372 You've got to make consumption an American way of life." 479 00:25:33,404 --> 00:25:36,675 Buy things, use them up, throw them away and buy more. 480 00:25:37,409 --> 00:25:40,079 And it works. 70% of the North American economy, 481 00:25:40,112 --> 00:25:41,514 now is about consumption. 482 00:25:41,547 --> 00:25:45,518 So, we have a real pickle, because the economy now 483 00:25:45,550 --> 00:25:49,521 has been so dedicated to consumption. 484 00:25:49,555 --> 00:25:52,591 And we think that the economy has got to be kept growing. 485 00:25:52,624 --> 00:25:56,828 Well, constant growth is the creative cancer cells. 486 00:25:56,862 --> 00:25:58,965 Cancer cells think they can grow forever. 487 00:26:03,935 --> 00:26:06,371 What is the energy being used for? 488 00:26:06,404 --> 00:26:08,106 Within this culture, 489 00:26:08,140 --> 00:26:11,410 production is the conversion of the living to the dead. 490 00:26:11,442 --> 00:26:14,579 It's the conversion of living forests to two-by-fours. 491 00:26:14,613 --> 00:26:17,682 A living forest is not counted. 492 00:26:17,715 --> 00:26:20,519 All these fish in the oceans, they don't actually count. 493 00:26:20,551 --> 00:26:22,420 What happens is, when the fish get killed 494 00:26:22,453 --> 00:26:24,923 and then converted into fish sticks... 495 00:26:24,957 --> 00:26:26,626 then that adds to the GNP. 496 00:26:27,925 --> 00:26:33,064 Alternative energies both support and are produced by 497 00:26:33,097 --> 00:26:35,667 the industrial system that's killing the planet. 498 00:26:35,701 --> 00:26:39,605 So, when people talk about 100% renewable energy transition 499 00:26:39,637 --> 00:26:42,441 to save the planet, to save civilization, 500 00:26:42,473 --> 00:26:44,710 what they're actually talking about is sustaining 501 00:26:44,742 --> 00:26:48,213 modern, high energy, uh, ways of life, 502 00:26:48,247 --> 00:26:49,981 at the expense of the natural world. 503 00:26:50,015 --> 00:26:53,386 I think we often have this, uh, image that it's... 504 00:26:53,419 --> 00:26:56,122 wind power and solar power companies 505 00:26:56,154 --> 00:26:59,191 competing with fossil fuel power companies. 506 00:26:59,223 --> 00:27:02,260 And I think that... you know, that varies on ownership, 507 00:27:02,294 --> 00:27:05,064 but a lot of times, it's the same company 508 00:27:05,096 --> 00:27:08,000 that owns wind power and fossil fuels. 509 00:27:08,032 --> 00:27:10,535 That's the nature of economies, that... 510 00:27:10,568 --> 00:27:13,239 companies are involved in these activities to make money. 511 00:27:13,271 --> 00:27:17,475 They're not trying to... to displace or change other things. 512 00:27:17,509 --> 00:27:19,979 When a... a company invests in wind power, 513 00:27:20,011 --> 00:27:22,514 it's typically an economic decision, 514 00:27:22,548 --> 00:27:25,884 and that doesn't mean that they're then trying to use less fossil fuel. 515 00:27:25,917 --> 00:27:30,388 And the irony is, a lot of times the profits that come from renewable energy, 516 00:27:30,422 --> 00:27:32,391 can be invested anywhere in the economy. 517 00:27:32,423 --> 00:27:34,926 That's another misunderstanding about economies, 518 00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:36,295 capitalist economies. 519 00:27:36,327 --> 00:27:37,896 If you make profits from wind power, 520 00:27:37,930 --> 00:27:40,231 that doesn't mean those profits are invested in wind power. 521 00:27:40,265 --> 00:27:43,169 They can be invested anywhere. So, somewhere the irony is, 522 00:27:43,201 --> 00:27:46,806 those profits can also be invested in expanding fossil fuel extraction. 523 00:27:50,875 --> 00:27:54,379 I lived for a number of years in Salt Lake City, 524 00:27:54,413 --> 00:27:56,414 and the largest copper mine in the world 525 00:27:56,448 --> 00:27:58,384 was about ten miles from my house. 526 00:27:59,084 --> 00:28:02,888 And, uh, that mine is called the Bingham Canyon Mine, 527 00:28:02,921 --> 00:28:04,789 it's been operating for 100 years. 528 00:28:04,823 --> 00:28:08,326 And it's a mountaintop removal mine. 529 00:28:08,359 --> 00:28:12,530 It's one of the largest man-made holes on the planet. 530 00:28:12,564 --> 00:28:14,933 Copper production is absolutely essential 531 00:28:14,967 --> 00:28:16,569 for green technologies. 532 00:28:16,602 --> 00:28:18,871 A single wind turbine generator... 533 00:28:18,903 --> 00:28:24,076 maybe a five megawatt design, probably has something like 1000lbs of copper in it. 534 00:28:24,108 --> 00:28:26,611 So, people like Mark Jacobson, 535 00:28:26,644 --> 00:28:29,449 who are calling for 100% renewable energy... 536 00:28:30,315 --> 00:28:32,817 He's calling for 3.8 million 537 00:28:32,851 --> 00:28:35,387 five megawatt turbines to be built. 538 00:28:35,420 --> 00:28:39,425 Now, multiply that by 1000lbs of copper per turbine, 539 00:28:39,458 --> 00:28:41,293 and you've got a lot of copper. I think it would be about 540 00:28:41,326 --> 00:28:44,329 six years of the full production from... 541 00:28:44,363 --> 00:28:46,097 the Bingham Canyon mine, which again, 542 00:28:46,131 --> 00:28:48,100 is the largest copper mine in the world. 543 00:28:48,133 --> 00:28:52,104 So, when people say that wind turbines are clean and green and sustainable, 544 00:28:52,136 --> 00:28:55,707 I think it's completely out of touch with reality. 545 00:29:18,462 --> 00:29:21,767 Um, well, my goals are to develop 546 00:29:21,799 --> 00:29:24,903 clean and renewable energy solutions to global warming, 547 00:29:24,936 --> 00:29:27,472 air pollution and energy and security. 548 00:29:27,506 --> 00:29:32,478 So, I do this by going state-by-state in the U.S. and country-by-country, 549 00:29:32,510 --> 00:29:35,413 and developing clean and renewable energy plans, 550 00:29:35,446 --> 00:29:39,651 uh, that result... that require electrifying all energy sectors, 551 00:29:39,684 --> 00:29:42,053 including electricity, which is already electrified, 552 00:29:42,086 --> 00:29:43,855 transportation, heating and cooling, 553 00:29:43,888 --> 00:29:46,692 industry, agriculture, forestry and fishing. 554 00:29:46,724 --> 00:29:49,627 And then providing that electricity with 100% clean, 555 00:29:49,661 --> 00:29:52,264 renewable wind, water and solar power... 556 00:29:52,297 --> 00:29:55,534 and... and also involving storage, 557 00:29:55,567 --> 00:29:59,505 and, uh, some additional transmission as well. 558 00:30:00,372 --> 00:30:03,142 What percentage of the electricity 559 00:30:03,174 --> 00:30:05,476 would be from what? Like solar, wind, 560 00:30:05,509 --> 00:30:08,146 or... like, what percentages would they take that? 561 00:30:08,180 --> 00:30:11,650 Well, in a 100% clean renewable energy economy worldwide, 562 00:30:11,682 --> 00:30:13,051 we'd probably have around... 563 00:30:13,986 --> 00:30:18,791 55% solar, maybe 40% wind... 564 00:30:18,824 --> 00:30:20,526 And, uh, 565 00:30:20,558 --> 00:30:23,128 you know, the rest of it is I... 566 00:30:23,961 --> 00:30:25,497 You know, it's going to be everything else, like, 567 00:30:25,529 --> 00:30:28,433 hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal wave power 568 00:30:28,467 --> 00:30:29,569 in small quantities... 569 00:30:30,368 --> 00:30:31,803 so... 570 00:30:31,836 --> 00:30:34,506 Yeah, so it's going to be... 571 00:30:34,538 --> 00:30:35,974 you know, mostly solar and wind. 572 00:30:40,545 --> 00:30:44,416 Wind energy, of course is produced by these giant turbines 573 00:30:44,449 --> 00:30:47,253 that they erect in the windiest places they can find. 574 00:30:47,286 --> 00:30:49,488 And they've been doing it for a long time now. 575 00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:52,924 One of the first production-scale wind facilities 576 00:30:52,958 --> 00:30:56,028 was down in California, near the Bay Area. 577 00:30:56,060 --> 00:30:59,298 And they... they called that particular place, "The Cuisinart for Birds," 578 00:30:59,330 --> 00:31:01,432 because it killed so many birds. 579 00:31:01,465 --> 00:31:04,102 And that's one of the first problems 580 00:31:04,135 --> 00:31:06,038 that these wind turbines cause, 581 00:31:06,070 --> 00:31:09,440 is they kill a lot of birds, and they kill a lot of bats. 582 00:31:09,473 --> 00:31:12,377 What happens with bats is that, 583 00:31:12,411 --> 00:31:14,046 they'll be flying near the blades, 584 00:31:14,078 --> 00:31:16,615 and as the blades move, they're creating such a massive 585 00:31:16,647 --> 00:31:19,751 pressure differential between the front of the blade 586 00:31:19,785 --> 00:31:21,854 and the back of the blade, that, um... 587 00:31:22,688 --> 00:31:25,057 that their lungs will explode. 588 00:31:25,089 --> 00:31:27,091 And it's called barotrauma. 589 00:31:27,125 --> 00:31:30,195 It's a pressure injury, essentially and, um... 590 00:31:31,028 --> 00:31:32,932 I'm sure a pretty horrible way to die. 591 00:31:34,298 --> 00:31:35,334 And... 592 00:31:36,468 --> 00:31:39,638 So, the impacts on bats and birds alone, 593 00:31:39,671 --> 00:31:43,409 are reason enough to never support wind energy. 594 00:31:46,144 --> 00:31:50,848 If you talk to these mainstream so-called "environmentalists" 595 00:31:50,882 --> 00:31:53,451 about the bird deaths from windmills, 596 00:31:53,484 --> 00:31:55,320 or the bat deaths from windmills, 597 00:31:55,354 --> 00:31:58,057 they will oftentimes say, "Well, 598 00:31:58,089 --> 00:32:00,091 there's a lot more birds die from cats, 599 00:32:00,125 --> 00:32:02,894 or a lot more birds die from skyscrapers," 600 00:32:02,928 --> 00:32:04,296 as though that makes it okay. 601 00:32:04,328 --> 00:32:06,498 Buildings kill one billion birds per year, 602 00:32:06,530 --> 00:32:08,834 and cats kill about three billion birds per year. 603 00:32:08,866 --> 00:32:12,203 So, it's really a red herring to talk about birds'... 604 00:32:12,237 --> 00:32:13,971 bit... death due to wind turbines. 605 00:32:14,005 --> 00:32:17,209 And I think about this in terms of a medical model, 606 00:32:17,241 --> 00:32:21,046 that if you have someone in a hospital who has, 607 00:32:21,078 --> 00:32:23,248 for example, AIDS and they have... 608 00:32:23,280 --> 00:32:27,152 seven different opportunistic infections are going after them, 609 00:32:27,184 --> 00:32:29,020 You don't say, "Well... 610 00:32:29,054 --> 00:32:31,290 it doesn't matter if we add MRSA to the mix, does it?" 611 00:32:32,190 --> 00:32:34,026 Just because there's one bad thing can happen to you, 612 00:32:34,058 --> 00:32:36,228 doesn't mean you don't prevent the second bad thing. 613 00:32:36,260 --> 00:32:38,730 That's the same with all these wind energy facilities, 614 00:32:38,763 --> 00:32:43,234 that just because there are birds who die flying into skyscrapers, 615 00:32:43,268 --> 00:32:45,537 doesn't mean you should kill 200 million more every year 616 00:32:45,569 --> 00:32:48,139 with wind energy generators. It makes no sense! 617 00:32:48,173 --> 00:32:50,709 You would think... here's the thing is, if there were 618 00:32:50,741 --> 00:32:52,577 no other threats to them, 619 00:32:52,611 --> 00:32:54,146 then maybe you could consider this, 620 00:32:54,179 --> 00:32:56,682 except still, for those 200 million birds it'd be bad, 621 00:32:56,714 --> 00:32:59,951 but when the bird populations are collapsing anyway, 622 00:32:59,984 --> 00:33:01,920 you're adding another threat. Are you nuts? 623 00:33:04,122 --> 00:33:05,257 This is horrible. 624 00:33:06,424 --> 00:33:09,728 So what would be the impact on birds and bats 625 00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:12,932 if we had 40% wind energy? 626 00:33:14,065 --> 00:33:16,668 Yeah, we would reduce bird and bat deaths 627 00:33:16,701 --> 00:33:18,836 by about a factor of ten, 628 00:33:18,869 --> 00:33:21,439 compared to what they are from fossil fuels. 629 00:33:21,472 --> 00:33:23,975 So in other words, fossil... 630 00:33:24,009 --> 00:33:25,576 You know, wind turbines kill birds. 631 00:33:25,609 --> 00:33:28,746 The American Bird Conservancy estimates in the United States 632 00:33:28,779 --> 00:33:32,451 about 400,000 to 500,000 birds per year and were killed. 633 00:33:32,483 --> 00:33:36,922 But we also know that oil, coal and gas, for example, 634 00:33:36,954 --> 00:33:39,724 they kill birds at a rate that is ten times higher, 635 00:33:39,758 --> 00:33:41,894 per unit of energy, than wind power does, 636 00:33:41,926 --> 00:33:46,330 due to not only destroying their habitats, uh, and... 637 00:33:46,364 --> 00:33:49,434 ...by all the mining that goes on. 638 00:33:49,468 --> 00:33:51,170 One of the first rules of propaganda is 639 00:33:51,202 --> 00:33:53,806 if you can slide your premises by people, you've got them. 640 00:33:53,838 --> 00:33:57,143 And so, if you can... 641 00:33:58,910 --> 00:34:02,014 frame a question as, "Well... 642 00:34:03,013 --> 00:34:06,284 look, lots of birds are going to die from global warming. 643 00:34:06,317 --> 00:34:08,719 So instead, what if we only have 644 00:34:08,753 --> 00:34:12,224 200 million birds a year die from windmills. 645 00:34:12,257 --> 00:34:13,259 Isn't that better?" 646 00:34:15,527 --> 00:34:20,298 Okay, what is inherent in that question is the notion 647 00:34:20,331 --> 00:34:23,034 that the world needs industrial energy, 648 00:34:23,068 --> 00:34:23,969 and that... 649 00:34:25,135 --> 00:34:31,943 the choice is between burning oil and gas and coal, 650 00:34:31,976 --> 00:34:35,079 and having wind turbines. 651 00:34:35,112 --> 00:34:38,649 But that's not the choice, for multiple reasons. 652 00:34:38,682 --> 00:34:40,652 One reason that's not the choice... 653 00:34:41,353 --> 00:34:42,320 is because... 654 00:34:43,621 --> 00:34:47,625 there is nothing inevitable about industrial production. 655 00:34:47,659 --> 00:34:49,394 It is a social choice, 656 00:34:49,427 --> 00:34:52,396 and given that the planet is being killed because of those choices, 657 00:34:52,429 --> 00:34:54,165 you would think we would make different choices. 658 00:34:54,199 --> 00:34:56,335 Do you think it would be better for, like, 659 00:34:56,367 --> 00:35:00,371 the natural world if we just didn't use energy? 660 00:35:00,405 --> 00:35:04,309 Well, I suppose that would be nice, but, um... 661 00:35:04,342 --> 00:35:06,912 - Yeah, it's not a very practical thing... - Yeah. 662 00:35:06,945 --> 00:35:09,081 ...but it's, uh, it's... definitely it would be nice 663 00:35:09,114 --> 00:35:11,016 if we didn't use energy, but then how would we... 664 00:35:12,117 --> 00:35:14,385 You know, we would not be able to survive. 665 00:35:15,119 --> 00:35:17,623 Gosh, I wonder how humans survived 666 00:35:17,655 --> 00:35:21,893 for the past 200,000 years without electricity? 667 00:35:21,927 --> 00:35:24,896 Could it be that we don't actually need electricity 668 00:35:24,929 --> 00:35:26,030 for our survival? 669 00:35:27,264 --> 00:35:29,835 Electricity is a convenience. It is a luxury. 670 00:35:29,867 --> 00:35:33,672 Humans have survived for tens of thousands of years... 671 00:35:34,639 --> 00:35:36,175 without industrial electricity. 672 00:35:36,974 --> 00:35:38,943 And there's a real question... 673 00:35:38,976 --> 00:35:41,112 as to whether humans will survive, 674 00:35:41,146 --> 00:35:43,749 with industrial electricity. 675 00:35:43,782 --> 00:35:47,686 What is energy used for when it's produced in this society? 676 00:35:47,719 --> 00:35:49,253 It's used for the military. 677 00:35:49,286 --> 00:35:52,390 It's used for producing cheap consumer goods. 678 00:35:52,423 --> 00:35:54,259 It's used for entertainment. 679 00:35:54,291 --> 00:35:57,028 It's used for transportation. 680 00:35:57,061 --> 00:36:00,766 It's mostly used for these non-essential luxuries 681 00:36:00,798 --> 00:36:03,302 that are destroying the planet, in one way or another. 682 00:36:10,074 --> 00:36:11,309 This is Ivanpah. 683 00:36:12,110 --> 00:36:14,780 It's a concentrated solar power system, 684 00:36:14,813 --> 00:36:17,148 located in southeastern California. 685 00:36:18,115 --> 00:36:22,119 A field of mirrors concentrate sunlight on a central tower, 686 00:36:22,152 --> 00:36:25,590 heating a fluid inside to over 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. 687 00:36:26,590 --> 00:36:29,193 The light from the mirrors attracts insects, 688 00:36:29,226 --> 00:36:31,762 and the insects attract birds. 689 00:36:31,795 --> 00:36:34,432 The concentrated sunlight burns every creature 690 00:36:34,465 --> 00:36:35,701 who flies overhead. 691 00:36:37,434 --> 00:36:39,103 Before you can commit any mass atrocity, 692 00:36:39,137 --> 00:36:41,606 you have to have what Robert Jay Lifton calls, 693 00:36:41,639 --> 00:36:43,174 "A claim to virtue." 694 00:36:43,208 --> 00:36:44,809 And what he means by that, is that... 695 00:36:45,844 --> 00:36:50,282 no one ever admits to causing an atrocity. 696 00:36:50,315 --> 00:36:54,086 That internally, you have to make yourself out to be the good person. 697 00:36:54,119 --> 00:36:56,288 And so, from their own perspective, 698 00:36:56,320 --> 00:36:59,958 the Nazis weren't committing mass murder and genocide, 699 00:36:59,990 --> 00:37:02,860 they were purifying the Aryan race. 700 00:37:02,893 --> 00:37:05,129 And today capitalists are not killing the planet, 701 00:37:05,163 --> 00:37:05,998 they are... 702 00:37:06,864 --> 00:37:08,500 developing natural resources. 703 00:37:08,532 --> 00:37:10,434 And how this relates to the Bright Greens, 704 00:37:10,467 --> 00:37:13,371 is the Bright Greens are not in fact killing the planet, 705 00:37:13,405 --> 00:37:16,108 but they are saving the planet. 706 00:37:16,141 --> 00:37:19,077 Unfortunately, they might have to kill part of the desert to do it, 707 00:37:19,110 --> 00:37:21,680 and so, you can see headlines like, 708 00:37:21,713 --> 00:37:24,216 "Harming the desert to save the world." 709 00:37:24,248 --> 00:37:27,852 That was before they put in this solar power generation facility, 710 00:37:27,885 --> 00:37:29,721 that caused great harm to birds, 711 00:37:29,753 --> 00:37:32,356 caused great harm to desert tortoises. 712 00:37:32,389 --> 00:37:34,058 Great harm to the landscape. 713 00:37:34,092 --> 00:37:36,260 It's all a claim to virtue. 714 00:37:36,293 --> 00:37:38,596 The planet itself does not need 715 00:37:38,630 --> 00:37:40,865 solar power generation facilities. 716 00:37:41,766 --> 00:37:42,968 The planet needs... 717 00:37:44,135 --> 00:37:46,305 to have this stopped. 718 00:37:48,373 --> 00:37:50,509 There are some estimates that 719 00:37:50,541 --> 00:37:54,179 solar energy generation facilities, 720 00:37:54,211 --> 00:37:57,715 by 2050, they could be the greatest threat to habitat. 721 00:37:57,748 --> 00:37:59,250 So, that's how many they want to put in. 722 00:38:01,318 --> 00:38:03,587 It's extraordinary what you can get by if you've... 723 00:38:03,621 --> 00:38:05,657 got a claim to virtue, as we saw with the Holocaust, 724 00:38:05,690 --> 00:38:07,659 as we're seeing with the murder of the planet. 725 00:38:07,692 --> 00:38:10,327 I've seen environmentalists, sort of mainstream, 726 00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:13,731 Bright Green environmentalists, applauding the construction 727 00:38:13,764 --> 00:38:17,469 of gigantic battery factories in Nevada, 728 00:38:17,501 --> 00:38:21,072 simply because they're for electric automobiles. 729 00:38:21,106 --> 00:38:22,441 And that's nuts. 730 00:38:22,474 --> 00:38:24,376 Environmentalists in general... 731 00:38:26,043 --> 00:38:30,882 have... have historically been pretty decent on being opposed to electronics... 732 00:38:31,615 --> 00:38:33,518 and environmentalists, historically have been 733 00:38:33,550 --> 00:38:35,219 pretty strong in being opposed... 734 00:38:36,186 --> 00:38:37,422 to automobiles. 735 00:38:38,222 --> 00:38:39,757 But somehow, 736 00:38:39,791 --> 00:38:42,827 if you combine electronics and automobiles, 737 00:38:42,860 --> 00:38:44,429 then suddenly it's a good idea. 738 00:38:45,396 --> 00:38:46,699 That's crazy. 739 00:38:48,065 --> 00:38:51,335 Never mind the fact, that most of the pollution 740 00:38:51,369 --> 00:38:53,905 coming from an automobile does not emerge from the tailpipe, 741 00:38:53,938 --> 00:38:55,840 it's in the construction vehicle. 742 00:38:55,873 --> 00:38:58,009 And never mind the fact that 743 00:38:58,041 --> 00:39:04,115 there are about 228 trillion insects killed per year by cars. 744 00:39:04,148 --> 00:39:05,217 There are about... 745 00:39:06,418 --> 00:39:09,588 two billion vertebrate animals killed every year by cars, 746 00:39:09,621 --> 00:39:11,956 and I don't care whether they're electric cars or... 747 00:39:11,989 --> 00:39:14,859 diesel or gasoline engine, doesn't matter. 748 00:39:14,893 --> 00:39:16,894 And that's only those who were killed directly. 749 00:39:16,927 --> 00:39:19,163 Roads fragment habitat. 750 00:39:19,197 --> 00:39:21,500 Punching in roads into new areas, 751 00:39:21,532 --> 00:39:24,402 make it so loggers can follow, miners can follow... 752 00:39:25,235 --> 00:39:27,471 all sorts of destruction follows. 753 00:39:27,505 --> 00:39:30,842 And somehow, if it's an electric vehicle, it's supposed to be okay. 754 00:39:30,875 --> 00:39:33,844 Of course, electric cars, like a lot of the other green technologies, 755 00:39:33,878 --> 00:39:35,614 are getting huge subsidies. 756 00:39:35,646 --> 00:39:37,581 There are these tax credits. 757 00:39:37,614 --> 00:39:40,885 There are write offs, there are government rebates. 758 00:39:40,918 --> 00:39:43,654 And this is a public subsidy, 759 00:39:43,688 --> 00:39:46,090 coming directly from our tax dollars 760 00:39:46,123 --> 00:39:48,259 and going to corporations. 761 00:39:48,293 --> 00:39:51,163 And it's incentivizing them to build more cars, 762 00:39:51,195 --> 00:39:53,632 to build more factories, to build more parking lots, 763 00:39:53,664 --> 00:39:57,601 to build more shopping malls, to build more highways, to build more roads. 764 00:39:57,635 --> 00:39:59,805 To invest in car culture, as a whole. 765 00:39:59,838 --> 00:40:00,972 There was a headline the other day 766 00:40:01,005 --> 00:40:03,108 that was pretty funny. It was about how... 767 00:40:03,141 --> 00:40:05,409 by putting all these electric cars on the road, 768 00:40:05,443 --> 00:40:07,445 Tesla could reduce 769 00:40:07,478 --> 00:40:11,115 oil consumption in the United States by about 300,000 barrels per day. 770 00:40:11,148 --> 00:40:14,985 It feels like a lot, until you realize that in 2015, 771 00:40:15,018 --> 00:40:17,021 U.S. oil consumption for transportation 772 00:40:17,054 --> 00:40:19,924 was about 20 million barrels per day. 773 00:40:19,958 --> 00:40:24,663 So, this is a whopping 1.5% decrease by 2030 774 00:40:24,695 --> 00:40:29,166 at the cost of lithium mines around the world. 775 00:40:29,199 --> 00:40:31,602 At the cost of all these additional cars being made, 776 00:40:31,635 --> 00:40:33,137 that are going to actually cost, 777 00:40:33,838 --> 00:40:37,075 God knows how many barrels per day to manufacture. 778 00:40:37,108 --> 00:40:38,443 I know that 779 00:40:38,476 --> 00:40:40,846 the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta 780 00:40:40,878 --> 00:40:43,981 and other groups in Nigeria, have reduced oil output... 781 00:40:44,916 --> 00:40:50,189 by up to 60%, um, through acts of sabotage on... 782 00:40:51,422 --> 00:40:53,724 um, oil rigs there. 783 00:40:54,425 --> 00:40:55,327 And... 784 00:40:56,193 --> 00:40:59,096 they have done so with really no time lag. 785 00:40:59,130 --> 00:41:01,834 It's... they reduce the oil output in real time. 786 00:41:03,534 --> 00:41:05,070 Ask yourself, uh... 787 00:41:06,070 --> 00:41:09,374 from the perspective of nonhumans... 788 00:41:10,108 --> 00:41:11,810 or of poor humans... 789 00:41:12,510 --> 00:41:17,449 or of any creature going to be driven extinct by global warming 790 00:41:17,481 --> 00:41:18,983 or by roads or by cars... 791 00:41:19,751 --> 00:41:21,553 you know, which... which would you prefer. 792 00:41:28,358 --> 00:41:31,963 I started fighting for the ocean six years ago. 793 00:41:32,764 --> 00:41:36,168 Since then, I've seen this world continue to collapse. 794 00:41:37,735 --> 00:41:41,472 The ocean is the foundation of life on this planet. 795 00:41:41,505 --> 00:41:44,942 The fact that we're losing it at the rate we are is alarming. 796 00:41:46,376 --> 00:41:48,545 I think part of the reason we're failing, 797 00:41:48,579 --> 00:41:51,449 is that we ask, "What is politically possible?" 798 00:41:51,481 --> 00:41:53,985 More often than we ask, "What is necessary?" 799 00:41:55,920 --> 00:41:59,490 We're in the midst of what's called the Anthropocene, 800 00:41:59,523 --> 00:42:02,760 which is the sixth major extinction of life on this planet. 801 00:42:02,793 --> 00:42:06,530 The last one was 65.2 million years ago, 802 00:42:06,563 --> 00:42:09,833 and the most serious one was, uh, the Permian Extinction, 803 00:42:09,867 --> 00:42:13,171 250 million years ago, which wiped out 97% of everything. 804 00:42:14,137 --> 00:42:18,208 The Anthropocene has the potential to wipe out 90% of everything. 805 00:42:18,242 --> 00:42:19,945 It won't wipe out everything, 806 00:42:19,978 --> 00:42:23,682 but we will go along with that 90% that's being wiped out. 807 00:42:23,715 --> 00:42:24,883 So, we won't survive. 808 00:42:26,384 --> 00:42:30,121 At the climate change conference in Paris in 2015, 809 00:42:30,153 --> 00:42:31,956 I said, "Look, you know, the only way to do this is 810 00:42:31,989 --> 00:42:34,391 we need a moratorium on all industrialized, 811 00:42:34,425 --> 00:42:36,894 heavy gear fishing for the next 50 years. 812 00:42:36,927 --> 00:42:39,730 That's the only thing that's going to work, we have to shut it down. 813 00:42:39,764 --> 00:42:41,867 Right now, there's ten million fishing vessels out there... 814 00:42:42,632 --> 00:42:45,469 44 million of them, 40% are illegal. 815 00:42:45,503 --> 00:42:48,206 And there's no such thing. There's no such thing as a sustainable fishery. 816 00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:50,407 It doesn't exist anywhere. 817 00:42:50,440 --> 00:42:52,977 So, we have to shut it down, if we care about the future. 818 00:42:57,681 --> 00:42:59,783 I don't think people realize, 819 00:42:59,817 --> 00:43:03,688 how intimate the connection we have with ocean is. 820 00:43:03,721 --> 00:43:05,690 It's the very foundation of life. 821 00:43:06,623 --> 00:43:10,928 People think that the oxygen comes from the rainforest and trees, 822 00:43:10,961 --> 00:43:13,864 which is true, but it's only about 28%. 823 00:43:13,898 --> 00:43:16,201 The rest of it comes from the ocean. 824 00:43:16,233 --> 00:43:20,371 The photosynthesis that are usually done by plants and trees, 825 00:43:20,405 --> 00:43:22,607 are actually done by phytoplanktons, 826 00:43:22,639 --> 00:43:25,376 which are these tiny microalgae organisms 827 00:43:25,409 --> 00:43:27,678 that are living in the ocean. 828 00:43:27,711 --> 00:43:31,382 It takes the carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. 829 00:43:31,416 --> 00:43:35,820 So, it's very important for humans to actually protect the phytoplankton. 830 00:43:35,853 --> 00:43:40,191 And that's where the population of whales come into picture. 831 00:43:40,224 --> 00:43:44,229 Whale feces are very rich in iron and other nutrients 832 00:43:44,262 --> 00:43:47,565 that are very important for phytoplankton to be healthy, 833 00:43:47,597 --> 00:43:52,137 and whales are moving from depth to the surface 834 00:43:52,170 --> 00:43:55,472 and provide nutrients through all these layers. 835 00:43:55,505 --> 00:43:58,175 So, all that balance in the ocean, 836 00:43:58,208 --> 00:44:00,477 every species depends on another. 837 00:44:00,510 --> 00:44:01,880 It's very important. 838 00:44:01,913 --> 00:44:04,349 We have to keep all this balance together. 839 00:44:09,454 --> 00:44:12,157 Since 1950, there's been a 40% diminishment 840 00:44:12,190 --> 00:44:14,559 in phytoplankton populations around the world. 841 00:44:14,592 --> 00:44:18,530 And when you couple that with the fact that we're destroying the world's forests, 842 00:44:18,563 --> 00:44:21,365 then really what we have is that this planet has two lungs. 843 00:44:21,398 --> 00:44:23,167 One is blue and one is green, 844 00:44:23,201 --> 00:44:25,804 and we're destroying both the green and the blue lungs. 845 00:44:25,836 --> 00:44:28,706 What would it take to actually save the ocean? 846 00:44:28,739 --> 00:44:30,708 What would it take to actually save the oceans? 847 00:44:30,740 --> 00:44:31,909 Well, shut down all 848 00:44:31,943 --> 00:44:34,412 heavy gear industrialized fishing operations. 849 00:44:34,445 --> 00:44:36,448 Stop sonic testing in the ocean. 850 00:44:36,481 --> 00:44:38,817 Spracking military sonic testing. 851 00:44:38,849 --> 00:44:40,784 Stop dumping chemical pollutions 852 00:44:40,818 --> 00:44:43,421 and radioactive materials into the ocean. 853 00:44:43,454 --> 00:44:46,490 Uh... stop dump... dumping agro, um... 854 00:44:47,224 --> 00:44:50,728 waste from both the, uh... you know, the meat industry 855 00:44:50,760 --> 00:44:52,663 and also from the production of vegetables, 856 00:44:52,697 --> 00:44:54,132 of pesticides and everything like that. 857 00:44:54,164 --> 00:44:55,833 You know, there's so many factors. 858 00:44:55,867 --> 00:44:56,868 Can we stop them? 859 00:44:56,900 --> 00:44:58,368 You know, a few years ago, I was at a... 860 00:44:58,402 --> 00:45:01,505 oh, man, quite a few years ago, I was at a discussion in Toronto 861 00:45:01,539 --> 00:45:03,708 about pollution in the Don River... 862 00:45:04,675 --> 00:45:06,111 and the Union people were there 863 00:45:06,143 --> 00:45:08,145 and the environmentalists were there and, uh, 864 00:45:08,179 --> 00:45:10,248 everybody's saying, "We've got to solve the problem. 865 00:45:10,280 --> 00:45:12,116 And how are we going to solve the problem?" 866 00:45:12,150 --> 00:45:14,452 And I just, uh, was very unpopular, 867 00:45:14,485 --> 00:45:16,887 because I said, "Do we know what's causing the pollution? 868 00:45:16,920 --> 00:45:20,824 Do we know what factories are... are doing this?" 869 00:45:20,858 --> 00:45:21,960 "Well, yes, we do." 870 00:45:21,992 --> 00:45:23,561 "Well, stop doing it." 871 00:45:24,528 --> 00:45:26,463 And they all looked at me like I'd just... 872 00:45:26,496 --> 00:45:30,201 said something completely outrageous and blasphemous, you know. 873 00:45:30,233 --> 00:45:32,836 "Just stop doing it. Just turn off the taps." 874 00:45:32,869 --> 00:45:34,304 But no, they wanted a solution, 875 00:45:34,338 --> 00:45:35,740 without really getting a solution. 876 00:45:41,112 --> 00:45:43,213 I'm on my way to the Green Living Show. 877 00:45:43,246 --> 00:45:46,683 Basically, it's an expo with people selling eco products. 878 00:45:46,717 --> 00:45:48,286 You know, it all centers around this idea 879 00:45:48,318 --> 00:45:51,188 that we can shop our way to sustainability. 880 00:45:51,222 --> 00:45:54,057 And there's a great line from Endgame, which is, 881 00:45:54,090 --> 00:45:57,261 "Within an industrial economy, buying good things 882 00:45:57,295 --> 00:45:59,230 isn't really doing good for the planet, 883 00:45:59,262 --> 00:46:01,532 so much as it is doing something not quite so bad." 884 00:46:02,599 --> 00:46:05,769 I think this all really serves as a distraction, 885 00:46:05,802 --> 00:46:08,639 you know, it points people's attention towards themselves, 886 00:46:08,672 --> 00:46:10,741 and towards their personal habits, 887 00:46:10,775 --> 00:46:12,210 so that they're not looking 888 00:46:12,242 --> 00:46:13,878 at the root causes of these problems. 889 00:46:13,911 --> 00:46:15,947 They're not looking at the systems 890 00:46:15,980 --> 00:46:19,250 that make this culture functionally unsustainable. 891 00:46:19,282 --> 00:46:21,920 Instead, it's putting the blame on individuals. 892 00:46:21,952 --> 00:46:24,556 And I'm not saying individuals don't have responsibility. 893 00:46:24,588 --> 00:46:26,791 They do, but our responsibility is not 894 00:46:26,824 --> 00:46:31,128 to find the most eco-ethical toothbrush and buy it. 895 00:46:31,161 --> 00:46:34,097 Our responsibility is to stand between industry 896 00:46:34,130 --> 00:46:36,533 and what's left of life on this planet. 897 00:46:36,567 --> 00:46:39,536 Our responsibility is to deprive those who would destroy life 898 00:46:39,570 --> 00:46:41,639 of their ability to do so. 899 00:46:41,672 --> 00:46:45,275 And shopping for green products does not threaten those in power. 900 00:46:45,309 --> 00:46:48,913 It takes people's very real concerns about the environment, 901 00:46:48,945 --> 00:46:52,049 and diverts that into a way to promote consumerism. 902 00:46:54,719 --> 00:46:57,722 The underpinnings of these solutions are all about, 903 00:46:57,755 --> 00:47:00,191 you as an individual. "What can you do?" 904 00:47:00,224 --> 00:47:01,693 And the answer is honestly, it's like, 905 00:47:01,726 --> 00:47:04,329 don't be an individual, because as an individual, 906 00:47:04,362 --> 00:47:05,664 you just don't have that much power. 907 00:47:06,396 --> 00:47:08,699 The only power you have as an individual is, 908 00:47:08,733 --> 00:47:10,602 "Well, I can buy this instead of that, 909 00:47:10,635 --> 00:47:12,770 or I can try to recycle a little bit better." 910 00:47:12,802 --> 00:47:16,074 That's not a lot of power, given the global scale of destruction. 911 00:47:18,041 --> 00:47:19,009 - Hey! - How's it going? 912 00:47:19,043 --> 00:47:20,445 - Good, how are you? - Good, good. 913 00:47:20,478 --> 00:47:21,878 So, is this an electric car? 914 00:47:21,911 --> 00:47:23,714 Yes, this is a fully electric vehicle. 915 00:47:23,748 --> 00:47:25,682 Um, pretty much from the whole charge, 916 00:47:25,715 --> 00:47:27,784 it goes up to 383 kilometers. 917 00:47:27,818 --> 00:47:30,255 Um... People love the color. 918 00:47:30,288 --> 00:47:31,923 - Yeah. It's very bright. - It's very bright, 919 00:47:31,956 --> 00:47:33,524 - grabs your attention. Yeah, very green. - Very green. 920 00:47:33,556 --> 00:47:35,225 - That's exactly what we wanted. - Yeah... 921 00:47:35,259 --> 00:47:39,030 - That's great. - How much energy does it take to make an electric car? 922 00:47:39,063 --> 00:47:40,431 Energy to make an electric car? 923 00:47:40,463 --> 00:47:43,300 Um, well, the battery is 60 kilowatts. 924 00:47:43,333 --> 00:47:44,201 - Mm-hmm. - Um... 925 00:47:45,769 --> 00:47:48,538 Uh, to make the car? I wouldn't want to 926 00:47:48,572 --> 00:47:50,375 - give you false information, because I don't know. - Okay. 927 00:47:54,612 --> 00:47:57,447 "Vote with your dollars" has become a catchphrase 928 00:47:57,481 --> 00:47:59,317 of mainstream environmentalism. 929 00:48:00,617 --> 00:48:04,255 The 1950s was the first time that human beings 930 00:48:04,288 --> 00:48:06,590 were called "consumers," more often 931 00:48:06,623 --> 00:48:08,125 than they were called "citizens." 932 00:48:09,260 --> 00:48:12,430 If you can convince people that their primary means 933 00:48:12,463 --> 00:48:14,865 of social and political action 934 00:48:14,898 --> 00:48:17,268 is through their personal consumption, 935 00:48:17,300 --> 00:48:19,103 then their choices of resistance 936 00:48:19,135 --> 00:48:21,505 are reduced to buying or not buying. 937 00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:25,275 But human beings have a much wider range 938 00:48:25,309 --> 00:48:26,711 of available tactics. 939 00:48:28,179 --> 00:48:30,782 They want us to believe that consumer choices 940 00:48:30,815 --> 00:48:32,851 are the only way we can change things. 941 00:48:33,550 --> 00:48:36,586 But if we accept that, then that means they've won, 942 00:48:36,619 --> 00:48:39,257 because we're defining ourselves as consumers. 943 00:48:40,358 --> 00:48:43,862 I don't think we should let them have that victory. 944 00:48:44,728 --> 00:48:48,298 Because the reality is that, yes, we consume things. 945 00:48:48,331 --> 00:48:52,170 I have to buy things within this culture to survive and... 946 00:48:53,771 --> 00:48:58,876 that is not something that defines me or my power 947 00:48:58,909 --> 00:49:00,878 as an actor in this world. 948 00:49:01,679 --> 00:49:03,815 I... I would say, much more fundamentally, 949 00:49:03,847 --> 00:49:08,286 I'm an animal and I have hands and I have feet 950 00:49:08,318 --> 00:49:11,588 and I can walk places and I can do things. 951 00:49:12,590 --> 00:49:14,992 And I have a voice... 952 00:49:15,793 --> 00:49:19,163 and I have the ability to speak with people 953 00:49:19,195 --> 00:49:21,231 and to build a relationship with people. 954 00:49:21,264 --> 00:49:23,768 And I have the ability to organize... 955 00:49:24,434 --> 00:49:28,105 and I have the ability to fight if need be. 956 00:49:28,139 --> 00:49:30,541 These are all much more important 957 00:49:30,574 --> 00:49:33,978 than my ability to buy or not buy something. 958 00:49:38,882 --> 00:49:40,951 So, if I'm a person who comes to this event, 959 00:49:40,985 --> 00:49:44,822 I'm going to come away thinking that to solve the world's environmental problems, 960 00:49:44,855 --> 00:49:47,492 I need to buy an electric car, 961 00:49:47,525 --> 00:49:51,528 um, buy clothing made out of bamboo and organic cotton 962 00:49:51,561 --> 00:49:55,432 and get a reusable water bottle and a bamboo toothbrush. 963 00:49:55,465 --> 00:49:58,402 None of these things are sufficient to address 964 00:49:58,436 --> 00:50:00,671 the problems facing the natural world, 965 00:50:00,704 --> 00:50:04,142 and these are all just luxury items being produced, 966 00:50:04,175 --> 00:50:06,010 that nobody really needs. 967 00:50:14,684 --> 00:50:17,755 If we're going to tackle this on a meaningful level, 968 00:50:17,788 --> 00:50:19,690 we need to address the root causes 969 00:50:19,722 --> 00:50:22,025 of this culture's unsustainability. 970 00:50:23,494 --> 00:50:25,663 Contrary to what we often hear, 971 00:50:25,695 --> 00:50:27,331 climate change did not begin 972 00:50:27,364 --> 00:50:29,733 with the burning of fossil fuels. 973 00:50:29,766 --> 00:50:31,435 It started much earlier. 974 00:50:32,769 --> 00:50:35,472 The beginning of global warming is actually 975 00:50:35,505 --> 00:50:37,040 the beginning of agriculture. 976 00:50:37,074 --> 00:50:39,076 I mean, we've all seen that, kind of, the hockey stick graph. 977 00:50:39,108 --> 00:50:41,211 Fossil fuel has this huge CO2 release, 978 00:50:41,244 --> 00:50:44,047 and so it, you know, all of a sudden, just boom, starts going up, 979 00:50:44,081 --> 00:50:46,584 and that's true, but if you back that up 10,000 years, 980 00:50:46,617 --> 00:50:49,620 human activity actually released that much carbon 981 00:50:49,652 --> 00:50:52,589 from the beginning of agriculture to the year 1800, 982 00:50:52,623 --> 00:50:54,858 as we did from 1800 till now. 983 00:50:54,891 --> 00:50:56,460 So how? How... what is this about? 984 00:50:56,494 --> 00:50:59,163 Well, huge amounts of carbon are stored in soil, 985 00:50:59,195 --> 00:51:00,764 and when you do agriculture, 986 00:51:00,797 --> 00:51:02,866 you're destroying the soil, essentially. 987 00:51:02,900 --> 00:51:06,938 So, as the soil falls to pieces, all that carbon is released. 988 00:51:10,306 --> 00:51:13,343 We live in an agricultural society 989 00:51:13,376 --> 00:51:14,978 which makes it really... 990 00:51:15,679 --> 00:51:19,517 hard for us to examine the nature of agriculture. 991 00:51:19,550 --> 00:51:22,353 To us, it's like air. It's just what's there. 992 00:51:22,385 --> 00:51:25,623 It's just how things happen, like, how we get food. 993 00:51:25,655 --> 00:51:27,858 There's not even a question that there's another way, 994 00:51:27,891 --> 00:51:30,460 because this has been happening now for so long. 995 00:51:30,494 --> 00:51:34,532 10,000 years is... is how long some humans have been doing agriculture. 996 00:51:34,565 --> 00:51:36,333 I mean, agriculture started in probably 997 00:51:36,367 --> 00:51:38,503 14 different places around the globe. 998 00:51:38,536 --> 00:51:41,938 And it always starts in river valleys, and there's a reason for that. 999 00:51:41,972 --> 00:51:45,376 The reason is that agriculture is based on annual grasses, 1000 00:51:45,409 --> 00:51:47,912 and where you're going to get the most annual grasses 1001 00:51:47,945 --> 00:51:49,080 is in river valleys. 1002 00:51:49,112 --> 00:51:50,714 So, there's two different kinds of plants. 1003 00:51:50,748 --> 00:51:52,583 There's annuals and there's perennials. 1004 00:51:52,615 --> 00:51:54,318 Annuals only live one year. 1005 00:51:54,351 --> 00:51:56,019 That's why they're called annual. 1006 00:51:56,052 --> 00:51:57,954 And the perennials live a long time. 1007 00:51:57,987 --> 00:52:00,757 So the annuals, their moment is 1008 00:52:00,791 --> 00:52:03,494 when there is a disturbance across the landscape. 1009 00:52:03,527 --> 00:52:05,996 So a fire, a flood, an earthquake. 1010 00:52:06,030 --> 00:52:08,798 What happens is that the ground is bare, 1011 00:52:08,831 --> 00:52:13,237 and the planet recognizes this as a biological emergency. 1012 00:52:13,269 --> 00:52:17,474 So, you know, nature has come up with ways to fix this as fast as it can. 1013 00:52:17,507 --> 00:52:19,210 And the answer is annuals. 1014 00:52:19,242 --> 00:52:22,145 When there is no competition, the annuals spring to life. 1015 00:52:22,179 --> 00:52:25,583 So one way to think about it is, they're the first responders, 1016 00:52:25,615 --> 00:52:27,318 or think about, you know, if you cut yourself 1017 00:52:27,351 --> 00:52:29,653 with a knife or a pair of scissors or something, 1018 00:52:29,686 --> 00:52:31,521 um, you're going to put a Band-Aid on that. 1019 00:52:31,554 --> 00:52:33,690 And that's what the annuals are, they're the Band-Aid. 1020 00:52:33,724 --> 00:52:37,695 And eventually, just like your skin will knit back together, 1021 00:52:37,728 --> 00:52:39,530 the roots of the perennials will come back. 1022 00:52:39,563 --> 00:52:43,634 Those perennial plants will close in across that disaster area again, 1023 00:52:43,666 --> 00:52:48,438 and there will be that tightly knit web of perennial roots once more. 1024 00:52:48,472 --> 00:52:51,008 But until that happens, all you have is annuals. 1025 00:52:51,041 --> 00:52:54,644 So 95% of plants are perennials, on the planet, 1026 00:52:54,677 --> 00:52:56,079 and about 5% are annuals. 1027 00:52:56,112 --> 00:52:57,815 So, they certainly have their role, 1028 00:52:57,847 --> 00:52:59,717 but there's no landscapes where it's just annuals. 1029 00:52:59,750 --> 00:53:01,585 That's the problem with agriculture, 1030 00:53:01,619 --> 00:53:04,121 is that it's based on these annual grasses. 1031 00:53:04,153 --> 00:53:06,556 Now, the only way you're going to get those to grow 1032 00:53:06,590 --> 00:53:08,425 is to clear the life off the land. 1033 00:53:08,458 --> 00:53:10,894 They can't compete against the perennials. 1034 00:53:10,927 --> 00:53:14,130 So, for 10,000 years we've, essentially, been waging a war. 1035 00:53:14,164 --> 00:53:16,500 So, if you think about what agriculture is 1036 00:53:16,532 --> 00:53:18,201 on a really, just basic scale... 1037 00:53:18,969 --> 00:53:20,838 you take a piece of land, 1038 00:53:20,871 --> 00:53:23,173 you clear every living thing off it, 1039 00:53:23,206 --> 00:53:25,108 and I mean down to the bacteria, 1040 00:53:25,141 --> 00:53:27,210 and then you plant it to human use. 1041 00:53:27,244 --> 00:53:28,613 So, it's biotic cleansing. 1042 00:53:28,646 --> 00:53:30,481 I mean, we've all heard of ethnic cleansing. 1043 00:53:30,514 --> 00:53:33,150 Well, this is the same thing, except it's not just humans. 1044 00:53:33,182 --> 00:53:35,085 It's every last living creature. 1045 00:53:35,119 --> 00:53:36,086 Just gone. 1046 00:53:37,153 --> 00:53:39,724 So, it's this massive war that we've been waging. 1047 00:53:39,757 --> 00:53:42,159 And every season you have to keep it up, 1048 00:53:42,192 --> 00:53:44,195 because, of course, life fights back. 1049 00:53:44,228 --> 00:53:45,396 Life wants to live. 1050 00:53:46,163 --> 00:53:47,731 The problem now is so bad, 1051 00:53:47,764 --> 00:53:50,967 that 98% of the world's old growth forests 1052 00:53:51,001 --> 00:53:55,172 and 99% of the world's grasslands have been destroyed. 1053 00:53:55,204 --> 00:53:57,540 And this is all in the service of agriculture. 1054 00:53:57,574 --> 00:53:59,443 So, humans have taken over 1055 00:53:59,476 --> 00:54:02,847 every piece of land that could be taken for this activity. 1056 00:54:02,880 --> 00:54:04,315 There's nothing left to take. 1057 00:54:05,315 --> 00:54:08,152 What this means is that 200 species are going extinct 1058 00:54:08,184 --> 00:54:09,219 each and every day. 1059 00:54:09,253 --> 00:54:10,788 They haven't just been extirpated. 1060 00:54:10,820 --> 00:54:12,255 They're gone forever... 1061 00:54:13,090 --> 00:54:16,027 um, and that's what we've done, by taking up agriculture. 1062 00:54:18,862 --> 00:54:21,298 They say that agriculture increases food production, 1063 00:54:21,331 --> 00:54:22,967 but that's completely false. 1064 00:54:23,000 --> 00:54:26,237 What it does, it grossly decreases food production, 1065 00:54:26,269 --> 00:54:28,806 but it funnels whatever food production there is 1066 00:54:28,838 --> 00:54:29,706 towards humans. 1067 00:54:30,574 --> 00:54:33,443 Um, but in terms of actual food production, 1068 00:54:33,476 --> 00:54:36,413 when you include food production for all the non humans who live here? 1069 00:54:36,447 --> 00:54:38,983 No, it's... it's grossly reduced. 1070 00:54:39,682 --> 00:54:42,119 And one of things that agriculture does 1071 00:54:42,152 --> 00:54:45,523 is it commits you to a path of further destruction, 1072 00:54:45,556 --> 00:54:48,858 because you have more food for humans, 1073 00:54:48,891 --> 00:54:53,530 but you do so at the cost of the health of the land base. 1074 00:54:53,563 --> 00:54:57,867 So, you slowly decrease the carrying capacity of the land base, 1075 00:54:57,900 --> 00:54:58,869 because you've overshot it. 1076 00:54:59,635 --> 00:55:02,405 And as you destroy your land base, 1077 00:55:02,438 --> 00:55:04,307 you have a choice. You can either collapse... 1078 00:55:05,208 --> 00:55:08,311 or you can continue to find new frontiers to exploit. 1079 00:55:09,313 --> 00:55:10,981 The problem is somebody else already lives there, 1080 00:55:11,014 --> 00:55:13,050 which means your way of life has to be militarized, 1081 00:55:13,083 --> 00:55:14,351 because you're going to conquer them. 1082 00:55:15,753 --> 00:55:18,556 And also you have to destroy the environment of the places nearby. 1083 00:55:19,590 --> 00:55:22,159 So, this is an inherently destructive activity, 1084 00:55:22,192 --> 00:55:25,362 and it kind of snowballs into worse and worse things. 1085 00:55:25,394 --> 00:55:26,864 So, the moment you clear that land, 1086 00:55:26,896 --> 00:55:29,432 that soil starts being destroyed. 1087 00:55:29,465 --> 00:55:33,036 One season of planting your annual crop, 1088 00:55:33,070 --> 00:55:35,539 you know, pick whichever, wheat, soy, corn... 1089 00:55:35,572 --> 00:55:38,442 you can lose 2000 years worth of top soil. 1090 00:55:38,474 --> 00:55:42,246 That's how slowly topsoil grows and how easily it is destroyed. 1091 00:55:42,278 --> 00:55:45,148 When the Europeans first got to the Midwest, 1092 00:55:45,181 --> 00:55:47,650 the prairie soil was 12 feet deep, 1093 00:55:47,684 --> 00:55:49,420 and it can now only be measured in inches. 1094 00:55:49,452 --> 00:55:51,322 So, it's gone. We blew through it all, 1095 00:55:51,355 --> 00:55:53,123 in a very short period of time. 1096 00:55:53,157 --> 00:55:55,192 So, that's the nature of agriculture. 1097 00:55:55,224 --> 00:55:56,159 Like, there's not... 1098 00:55:57,260 --> 00:55:59,663 a better way to do this. There's not, like, a kinder, 1099 00:55:59,695 --> 00:56:01,364 gentler form of agriculture. 1100 00:56:01,398 --> 00:56:03,000 It's literally what it is. 1101 00:56:03,032 --> 00:56:06,836 You remove all the life, and then you draw down the soil, 1102 00:56:06,869 --> 00:56:09,139 and in the process, you also draw down water 1103 00:56:09,172 --> 00:56:11,141 and you draw down species 1104 00:56:11,175 --> 00:56:13,210 and you draw down entire biotic communities. 1105 00:56:16,679 --> 00:56:20,518 The fertile crescent is where a lot of these problems started. 1106 00:56:20,550 --> 00:56:23,721 And you've seen it now, and it doesn't look like a fertile crescent at all. 1107 00:56:23,753 --> 00:56:26,089 It's treeless, horizon to horizon, 1108 00:56:26,123 --> 00:56:27,791 but that was before the beginnings of this culture. 1109 00:56:27,824 --> 00:56:30,326 That was cedar forests, so thick that sunlight never touched the ground. 1110 00:56:30,360 --> 00:56:33,164 It was like this. Thicker, because sunlight's touching the ground over there. 1111 00:56:33,896 --> 00:56:36,166 And this culture has destroyed that. 1112 00:56:36,199 --> 00:56:38,201 Converted it to agriculture and then converted it to desert. 1113 00:56:38,235 --> 00:56:39,503 That's what happens. 1114 00:56:39,536 --> 00:56:42,472 Forests precede us, and deserts dog our heels. 1115 00:56:43,773 --> 00:56:47,043 During the era of the black plague in Europe, 1116 00:56:47,077 --> 00:56:49,947 anywhere from, like, one third to three quarters 1117 00:56:49,980 --> 00:56:52,449 of the population died, depending on where you were. 1118 00:56:52,481 --> 00:56:55,418 So what happened pretty quickly, was all the agricultural fields 1119 00:56:55,452 --> 00:56:58,489 were... were abandoned, because there were no people left. 1120 00:56:58,521 --> 00:57:00,190 And the forest starts to take over. 1121 00:57:00,224 --> 00:57:03,160 And there's actually a dip in the carbon in the atmosphere, 1122 00:57:03,193 --> 00:57:05,563 because Europe was, at least partially reforested, 1123 00:57:05,596 --> 00:57:06,764 at that... at that moment. 1124 00:57:07,463 --> 00:57:10,034 So, you can see that, actually, it responds pretty quickly. 1125 00:57:10,067 --> 00:57:11,969 Um, if we could get some plants back in the ground, 1126 00:57:12,001 --> 00:57:13,770 that can sequester carbon... 1127 00:57:13,804 --> 00:57:14,905 it could happen. 1128 00:57:14,938 --> 00:57:17,407 And this is why I am not, in any way, out of hope. 1129 00:57:18,108 --> 00:57:22,146 If we were to repair even 75% 1130 00:57:22,179 --> 00:57:25,548 of the trashed-out prairies in the United States, 1131 00:57:25,581 --> 00:57:28,451 in about ten years, we could sequester 1132 00:57:28,485 --> 00:57:32,655 all of the carbon that we have released in this country. 1133 00:57:32,688 --> 00:57:36,492 Basically, period. We would actually become a nation that sequesters carbon. 1134 00:57:36,525 --> 00:57:41,231 Around the globe, if we could repair 75% of the world's grasslands, 1135 00:57:41,264 --> 00:57:44,801 we could sequester all of the carbon that's been released 1136 00:57:44,835 --> 00:57:47,304 since the beginning of the industrial age till now, 1137 00:57:47,336 --> 00:57:48,905 and pretty quickly. 1138 00:57:48,938 --> 00:57:50,440 And that's really all it takes is, 1139 00:57:50,474 --> 00:57:52,276 we... we have to just let life come back. 1140 00:57:59,949 --> 00:58:02,452 Fish sequester carbon in their bodies 1141 00:58:02,485 --> 00:58:04,087 and excrete gut rocks, 1142 00:58:04,121 --> 00:58:06,757 which help balance the acidity of the ocean. 1143 00:58:07,690 --> 00:58:10,693 Industrial fishing has wiped out 90% 1144 00:58:10,726 --> 00:58:12,730 of the large fish in the ocean. 1145 00:58:13,963 --> 00:58:18,302 Mangroves, salt marshes, sea grasses and peat bogs 1146 00:58:18,335 --> 00:58:20,938 have similarly been decimated. 1147 00:58:20,971 --> 00:58:24,340 And could similarly sequester a lot of carbon, 1148 00:58:24,373 --> 00:58:27,911 if we stop destroying them and allowed them to come back. 1149 00:58:28,644 --> 00:58:31,315 The natural world is our best ally 1150 00:58:31,347 --> 00:58:34,150 for pulling carbon out of the atmosphere. 1151 00:58:34,184 --> 00:58:37,621 Yet, the mainstream climate movement demands we plunder 1152 00:58:37,653 --> 00:58:40,324 what remains of our already decimated planet, 1153 00:58:40,356 --> 00:58:43,726 in order to produce solar panels and wind turbines, 1154 00:58:43,760 --> 00:58:45,496 to add energy to the grid. 1155 00:58:46,262 --> 00:58:50,134 Energy which will power the further destruction of the planet. 1156 00:58:51,400 --> 00:58:53,269 The mainstream environmental movement 1157 00:58:53,302 --> 00:58:55,572 has completely lost touch with reality. 1158 00:58:57,641 --> 00:59:01,077 ♪ Climate change has got to go, hey-hey, ho-ho ♪ 1159 00:59:01,110 --> 00:59:03,847 ♪ Climate change has got to go, hey-hey, ho-ho ♪ 1160 00:59:05,449 --> 00:59:08,385 I'm here at the climate march in Montreal. 1161 00:59:08,418 --> 00:59:11,355 They're expecting about 300,000 people today, 1162 00:59:11,387 --> 00:59:14,290 mostly youth, who are here marching, 1163 00:59:14,324 --> 00:59:16,226 thinking that they're fighting for their futures 1164 00:59:16,259 --> 00:59:18,329 and they're fighting to stop climate change, 1165 00:59:18,362 --> 00:59:21,197 but when you look at the explicitly stated demands 1166 00:59:21,231 --> 00:59:23,901 of the big organizations who are putting this together, 1167 00:59:23,934 --> 00:59:26,737 what they're asking for, is a swift transition 1168 00:59:26,769 --> 00:59:28,438 to 100% renewable energy. 1169 00:59:29,405 --> 00:59:33,076 So, that's not going to stop, or even slow climate change. 1170 00:59:33,110 --> 00:59:34,745 It's only going to make things worse. 1171 00:59:35,445 --> 00:59:37,514 - ♪ What do we want? ♪ - ♪ Climate justice! ♪ 1172 00:59:37,547 --> 00:59:39,115 - ♪ When do we want it? ♪ - ♪ Now! ♪ 1173 00:59:41,083 --> 00:59:43,019 The thing that blows me away, is the length 1174 00:59:43,052 --> 00:59:44,922 to which people will go 1175 00:59:44,954 --> 00:59:46,891 in order to avoid looking at the problem. 1176 00:59:47,757 --> 00:59:50,193 That they will create all these... 1177 00:59:50,226 --> 00:59:52,730 extraordinary fantasies, in order to do something 1178 00:59:52,762 --> 00:59:54,297 that's not going to help the planet, 1179 00:59:54,331 --> 00:59:55,966 so they can avoid looking at the real issue, 1180 00:59:55,998 --> 00:59:56,800 which is that... 1181 00:59:58,068 --> 01:00:01,105 industrial civilization itself is what's killing the planet. 1182 01:00:02,204 --> 01:00:04,909 So, this word civilization. What does that actually mean? 1183 01:00:05,675 --> 01:00:07,111 Well, just etymologically, 1184 01:00:07,143 --> 01:00:09,545 it means people living in cities. 1185 01:00:09,579 --> 01:00:11,815 Okay, but what does that actually mean? 1186 01:00:11,847 --> 01:00:15,619 Well, it means people living in densities large enough, 1187 01:00:15,652 --> 01:00:18,355 that they require the importation of resources. 1188 01:00:18,387 --> 01:00:21,125 So, just think about this common sense level. 1189 01:00:21,157 --> 01:00:25,528 Eight million people cannot live on an island called Manhattan. 1190 01:00:25,561 --> 01:00:27,096 Right? Where does their food come from? 1191 01:00:27,130 --> 01:00:29,767 Where does the water come from? Where does the energy come from? 1192 01:00:29,800 --> 01:00:31,602 And that's the problem with cities, okay? 1193 01:00:31,635 --> 01:00:33,637 The city has used up its own. 1194 01:00:33,670 --> 01:00:35,204 Whatever it is, it's not there. 1195 01:00:35,237 --> 01:00:36,839 So, now where are they going to get it? 1196 01:00:36,873 --> 01:00:40,677 Well, from that point forward, it doesn't actually matter 1197 01:00:40,710 --> 01:00:44,914 what kinds of beautiful, peaceful, nonviolent... 1198 01:00:44,947 --> 01:00:47,750 spiritual values people hold in their hearts. 1199 01:00:47,784 --> 01:00:51,454 Your society is now dependent on imperialism and genocide, 1200 01:00:52,222 --> 01:00:55,225 because nobody willingly gives up their land, 1201 01:00:55,257 --> 01:00:58,227 their water, their trees, their fish, 1202 01:00:58,260 --> 01:00:59,963 but since the city has used up its own, 1203 01:00:59,996 --> 01:01:02,166 it's got to go out and get those from somewhere else. 1204 01:01:02,199 --> 01:01:05,001 So, the pattern of civilization is always the same. 1205 01:01:05,034 --> 01:01:08,071 You've got this bloated power center, right at the middle, 1206 01:01:08,105 --> 01:01:10,106 and then it's surrounded by conquered colonies. 1207 01:01:10,139 --> 01:01:12,342 And the power center takes whatever it can, 1208 01:01:12,375 --> 01:01:15,244 brings it all back in. Eventually, it collapses, 1209 01:01:15,277 --> 01:01:18,314 because we're on drawdown. We're on overshoot. 1210 01:01:18,347 --> 01:01:21,485 Historically speaking, civilizations had a natural end point. 1211 01:01:21,518 --> 01:01:24,621 They were only going to get so big before they eventually would collapse. 1212 01:01:24,653 --> 01:01:26,523 And so that's what you see. Whether it's South America, 1213 01:01:26,556 --> 01:01:29,025 North America, Asia, Africa, Europe. 1214 01:01:29,059 --> 01:01:31,028 It's the same pattern over and over. 1215 01:01:31,061 --> 01:01:33,297 There have been 34 civilizations to date. 1216 01:01:33,329 --> 01:01:34,597 They have all ended in collapse. 1217 01:01:34,630 --> 01:01:36,266 This one will be no different. 1218 01:01:36,298 --> 01:01:39,503 The only difference is this... this one right now, you know, we've... 1219 01:01:39,536 --> 01:01:42,873 we've added this incredible accelerant of fossil fuel. 1220 01:01:44,007 --> 01:01:47,043 You know, I grew up in Seattle and... 1221 01:01:47,077 --> 01:01:49,379 what is now downtown Seattle, 1222 01:01:49,411 --> 01:01:53,750 with skyscrapers and concrete, as far as you can see, 1223 01:01:53,782 --> 01:01:57,920 used to be old growth forest, with cedar and Douglas fir 1224 01:01:57,954 --> 01:02:01,358 and hemlock and maple and all these other trees. 1225 01:02:01,391 --> 01:02:05,596 Old growth trees, thousands upon thousands of years old. 1226 01:02:05,628 --> 01:02:08,731 The trees in the urban areas of the Pacific Northwest, 1227 01:02:08,764 --> 01:02:10,867 for example, in Vancouver, B.C., 1228 01:02:10,900 --> 01:02:14,103 what's now downtown Vancouver, 1229 01:02:14,137 --> 01:02:16,640 used to be old growth forests. 1230 01:02:16,672 --> 01:02:19,775 And there used to be trees 400 feet tall there, 1231 01:02:19,809 --> 01:02:21,345 and there's records of this. 1232 01:02:21,378 --> 01:02:24,448 And those trees, they were Douglas firs in this case, 1233 01:02:24,481 --> 01:02:26,750 those would be the tallest trees in the world today. 1234 01:02:27,550 --> 01:02:29,853 People think the redwoods are the tallest trees in the world, 1235 01:02:29,885 --> 01:02:32,588 and it's only because the tallest Douglas firs, 1236 01:02:32,621 --> 01:02:34,357 who are quite a bit taller... 1237 01:02:34,391 --> 01:02:35,425 have all been cut down. 1238 01:02:36,827 --> 01:02:39,430 And they were cut down, among other things, to build these cities. 1239 01:02:41,264 --> 01:02:43,467 We, in this culture, have come to conflate 1240 01:02:43,500 --> 01:02:45,668 this way of life with all life on the planet. 1241 01:02:45,702 --> 01:02:47,571 If I say, "I want to end civilization." 1242 01:02:47,603 --> 01:02:50,273 They say, "Oh, you want to end life." 1243 01:02:50,306 --> 01:02:53,106 But the problem is that this culture is ending life. 1244 01:02:53,108 --> 01:02:55,179 And some people have accused me of being cruel, 1245 01:02:55,211 --> 01:02:57,480 because I want to bring down civilization, 1246 01:02:57,514 --> 01:02:59,782 and that will make it so, people who... 1247 01:02:59,815 --> 01:03:03,253 are reliant upon modern medicines will die. 1248 01:03:04,186 --> 01:03:07,223 I have Crohn's disease and coronary artery disease, 1249 01:03:07,257 --> 01:03:08,259 and without... 1250 01:03:09,960 --> 01:03:11,728 modern medicines, I would die. 1251 01:03:11,760 --> 01:03:12,896 I am one of those people... 1252 01:03:14,664 --> 01:03:17,868 but I realize that the world is more important than I am. 1253 01:03:23,572 --> 01:03:25,241 Um, I think a lot of people... 1254 01:03:25,275 --> 01:03:26,943 You know, the easier thing, is to say things like, 1255 01:03:26,976 --> 01:03:28,679 "Well, it's greed is the problem." 1256 01:03:28,711 --> 01:03:30,713 It's like... Okay, so... 1257 01:03:30,746 --> 01:03:33,849 We actually have a society, that is not just about greed. 1258 01:03:33,882 --> 01:03:37,987 I mean, we actually reward greed on a massive scale. 1259 01:03:38,021 --> 01:03:39,890 All right, so, like, what are the social rewards? 1260 01:03:39,922 --> 01:03:42,325 What are the political rewards? What are the financial rewards? 1261 01:03:42,358 --> 01:03:44,061 Well, that system is actually called capitalism, 1262 01:03:44,094 --> 01:03:46,362 at least right now. I mean, there's certainly other versions of it. 1263 01:03:46,396 --> 01:03:47,864 I don't mean to say it's the only one, 1264 01:03:47,896 --> 01:03:50,000 but right now it's capitalism across the globe, 1265 01:03:50,032 --> 01:03:51,467 and that's what it does. 1266 01:03:51,501 --> 01:03:53,370 All right, it takes living communities. 1267 01:03:53,402 --> 01:03:55,705 It converts those into dead commodities. 1268 01:03:55,739 --> 01:04:00,077 And then those dead commodities are turned into private wealth. 1269 01:04:00,110 --> 01:04:03,247 And a lot of people think, "Well, if we just make that into public wealth. 1270 01:04:03,280 --> 01:04:05,349 If we all could get an equal piece of the pie, 1271 01:04:05,382 --> 01:04:07,851 that's the solution." This is the problem, 1272 01:04:07,884 --> 01:04:09,552 There's not going to be a solution, 1273 01:04:09,585 --> 01:04:11,921 because you've still got the first two parts of that equation. 1274 01:04:11,954 --> 01:04:13,556 Why are we taking the living planet, 1275 01:04:13,590 --> 01:04:15,259 and turning it into dead commodities? 1276 01:04:15,291 --> 01:04:16,425 Like, that's the problem. 1277 01:04:16,458 --> 01:04:18,261 I don't actually care. in the end... 1278 01:04:18,295 --> 01:04:20,163 who gets all the... all the goodies. 1279 01:04:20,195 --> 01:04:21,398 It's the fact that... 1280 01:04:22,132 --> 01:04:24,934 like, rivers and grasslands and forests and fish 1281 01:04:24,967 --> 01:04:27,703 have been turned into those dead commodities. That's the problem. 1282 01:04:30,407 --> 01:04:31,807 What do all the so-called "solutions" 1283 01:04:31,840 --> 01:04:33,376 to global warming have in common? 1284 01:04:33,409 --> 01:04:35,511 They all take industrial capitalism as a given. 1285 01:04:35,545 --> 01:04:38,282 The natural world is having to conform to industrial capitalism. 1286 01:04:38,315 --> 01:04:41,351 They've switched the dependent, independent variables, that... 1287 01:04:42,686 --> 01:04:44,688 The world has to be primary and the health of the world 1288 01:04:44,721 --> 01:04:46,255 has to be primary, because without a world, 1289 01:04:46,289 --> 01:04:47,891 you don't have any economy whatsoever. 1290 01:04:49,025 --> 01:04:51,161 And the Bright Greens are very explicit about this. 1291 01:04:51,193 --> 01:04:54,264 What they're trying to save is industrial capitalism, industrial civilization. 1292 01:04:54,297 --> 01:04:56,567 They say this all the time, and... 1293 01:04:58,501 --> 01:05:00,003 that's my fundamental beef, 1294 01:05:00,036 --> 01:05:02,005 is that what I'm trying to save is the real world. 1295 01:05:04,974 --> 01:05:08,211 Bright Green environmentalism has gained popularity, 1296 01:05:08,244 --> 01:05:11,347 because it tells a lot of people what they want to hear. 1297 01:05:11,380 --> 01:05:15,118 That you can have industrial civilization and a planet, too. 1298 01:05:16,418 --> 01:05:21,123 It allows people to feel good about maintaining this destructive way of living, 1299 01:05:21,157 --> 01:05:23,760 and to avoid asking hard questions, 1300 01:05:23,793 --> 01:05:26,030 about the depth of what must be changed. 1301 01:05:28,697 --> 01:05:31,434 I think that a 100% renewable world 1302 01:05:31,467 --> 01:05:34,203 would not look very different than the one we live in now. 1303 01:05:34,237 --> 01:05:37,340 Even if you snapped your fingers and that happened tomorrow, 1304 01:05:37,373 --> 01:05:40,843 I think that global warming would continue to be a huge problem. 1305 01:05:40,876 --> 01:05:44,146 You'd still have all the emissions from logging, 1306 01:05:44,179 --> 01:05:46,182 from concrete production, from steel production, 1307 01:05:46,215 --> 01:05:49,552 from consumer goods, from global shipping. 1308 01:05:49,585 --> 01:05:51,354 From all these things. 1309 01:05:51,387 --> 01:05:53,523 And, of course, that renewable energy 1310 01:05:53,556 --> 01:05:55,559 would still be used... 1311 01:05:56,592 --> 01:05:59,295 to power this, to power the global economy. 1312 01:06:02,965 --> 01:06:05,301 If space aliens came down from outer space, 1313 01:06:05,335 --> 01:06:07,503 and they were changing the climate... 1314 01:06:08,371 --> 01:06:10,708 and they were putting in mines everywhere... 1315 01:06:11,407 --> 01:06:16,112 we wouldn't care whether the mined materials 1316 01:06:16,146 --> 01:06:19,516 are going to be used to make windmills, 1317 01:06:19,548 --> 01:06:21,585 or to make solar panels 1318 01:06:21,617 --> 01:06:24,954 to power the alien economy. 1319 01:06:24,987 --> 01:06:26,589 The occupier economy. 1320 01:06:26,623 --> 01:06:29,358 What we would do is, we would stop the occupiers. 1321 01:06:29,391 --> 01:06:31,894 We would... we would do whatever necessary, 1322 01:06:31,927 --> 01:06:34,897 to make it so these space aliens can't change our climate. 1323 01:06:34,931 --> 01:06:37,601 And when you change your loyalty from the system, 1324 01:06:37,634 --> 01:06:40,369 to the planet, it does become their economy, 1325 01:06:40,402 --> 01:06:41,471 not our economy. 1326 01:06:42,639 --> 01:06:44,875 And it does become a matter of stopping their economy. 1327 01:06:49,913 --> 01:06:53,217 There's war being waged on the natural world every day. 1328 01:06:53,983 --> 01:06:56,286 Yet, when we talk about fighting back... 1329 01:06:57,454 --> 01:06:59,722 people look at us like we're crazy... 1330 01:07:00,757 --> 01:07:04,360 The vast majority of environmentalists in this culture 1331 01:07:04,393 --> 01:07:06,396 do not perceive that we are in a war. 1332 01:07:07,429 --> 01:07:11,434 They love this culture and they see that it has some problems. 1333 01:07:11,467 --> 01:07:16,172 And I see that we're living in a culture that is not broken. 1334 01:07:16,206 --> 01:07:18,008 It was set up this way. 1335 01:07:18,041 --> 01:07:20,744 It was set up to exploit and to steal 1336 01:07:20,777 --> 01:07:25,215 and to use violence to take what it needs. 1337 01:07:25,248 --> 01:07:27,284 That's the history of this culture, 1338 01:07:27,317 --> 01:07:30,887 and I do not see how to stop it without force. 1339 01:07:34,824 --> 01:07:37,161 What I don't understand is why we're not fighting back. 1340 01:07:38,061 --> 01:07:40,764 Because what I do know is that if there's anybody alive 1341 01:07:40,797 --> 01:07:43,199 to look back 100 years from now... 1342 01:07:43,233 --> 01:07:46,369 they are going to wonder what the fuck was wrong with us. 1343 01:07:46,402 --> 01:07:49,371 That we didn't fight when the planet was going down. 1344 01:07:49,405 --> 01:07:52,876 Now, you love something or you wouldn't be listening to this. 1345 01:07:52,909 --> 01:07:55,244 Whatever you love, it is under assault. 1346 01:07:56,211 --> 01:07:57,313 But "love" is a verb. 1347 01:07:58,014 --> 01:08:01,050 We've got to let our love call us to action. 1348 01:08:06,789 --> 01:08:09,860 I spent three years making a film about the ocean. 1349 01:08:11,561 --> 01:08:13,697 It is only now that I've learned 1350 01:08:13,730 --> 01:08:17,167 that the production of so-called "green technology" 1351 01:08:17,199 --> 01:08:21,204 represents one of the largest upcoming threats to the ocean. 1352 01:08:22,671 --> 01:08:24,940 They want to mine the deep sea, 1353 01:08:24,974 --> 01:08:28,444 to provide the materials necessary for the proliferation 1354 01:08:28,478 --> 01:08:30,881 of so-called "green technology." 1355 01:08:32,047 --> 01:08:35,851 A recent study estimates that two million cubic-feet 1356 01:08:35,885 --> 01:08:40,289 of sediment will be processed each day by each mining vessel. 1357 01:08:41,024 --> 01:08:44,061 The resulting slurry will be dumped back into the ocean... 1358 01:08:44,761 --> 01:08:46,763 where it will increase turbidity, 1359 01:08:46,796 --> 01:08:49,499 smother and bury organisms 1360 01:08:49,532 --> 01:08:52,168 and toxify the food web with heavy metals. 1361 01:08:55,104 --> 01:08:58,807 The ocean, which is the source of all life... 1362 01:08:58,841 --> 01:09:01,711 has become the next sacrifice zone, 1363 01:09:01,743 --> 01:09:04,380 in the name of green technology. 1364 01:09:06,215 --> 01:09:09,286 People claim that the future of electric cars 1365 01:09:09,319 --> 01:09:11,188 may depend on deep sea mining. 1366 01:09:12,521 --> 01:09:14,890 What if we switched what is primary 1367 01:09:14,923 --> 01:09:18,295 and instead said, that the future of the ocean 1368 01:09:18,328 --> 01:09:20,531 depends on stopping car culture? 1369 01:09:21,663 --> 01:09:24,934 Or that the future of the ocean depends on opposing 1370 01:09:24,967 --> 01:09:26,802 so-called "green technology?" 1371 01:09:29,305 --> 01:09:32,275 Evidently, this culture does not care 1372 01:09:32,307 --> 01:09:34,144 whether the ocean has a future. 1373 01:09:35,444 --> 01:09:37,581 It's more interested in justifying 1374 01:09:37,613 --> 01:09:39,548 continued exploitation 1375 01:09:39,582 --> 01:09:42,152 under the banner of green consumerism. 1376 01:09:43,720 --> 01:09:46,856 What we desperately need, is an environmental movement 1377 01:09:46,889 --> 01:09:48,824 that's willing to put nature first. 1378 01:09:49,993 --> 01:09:52,395 That's willing to put life on this planet 1379 01:09:52,427 --> 01:09:53,963 above this way of life. 1380 01:09:55,264 --> 01:09:58,668 We need people who will look honestly at the problems 1381 01:09:58,701 --> 01:10:01,337 and have the courage to ask the right questions. 1382 01:10:03,171 --> 01:10:05,741 Most importantly, we need to get to work. 1383 01:10:06,509 --> 01:10:08,478 To stop the destruction 1384 01:10:08,511 --> 01:10:10,113 and allow life to come back. 1385 01:10:21,713 --> 01:10:26,713 Provided by explosiveskull https://twitter.com/kaboomskull 118591

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