All language subtitles for kotsanes

[intriguing electronic music]

[narrator] I have always
asked myself a lot of questions

Always bored at school,

where all questions were answered

except for the important ones.

I spent the time daydreaming

thinking about things
that surround us.

Easter Island,

the pyramids of Giza,

Machu Picchu...

Mythical places, which have made us
all dream at some point.

You may ask yourself questions,
lots of questions.

But asking the right ones
is truly an art,

a priceless art,
that everyone can afford.

This is how I found myself,
many years later

looking into the past of our planet

far, very far back in time.

And what I discovered changed
my vision of the past

for ever.

[mysterious music]

[soaring orchestral music]

[dramatic music]

[inspiring music]

I did a lot of reading before
investigating on-site

Many far-fetched, contradictory,
confusing things

which could mislead those
who know nothing about the subject

and convince them
that nothing interesting

is to be found in the ruins
of the ancient people of our Planet.

Yet, the perfection found
in these ancient constructions

defies modern reason. Therefore
I decided to surround myself

with competent people,

who could enlighten me
and thus avoid any hasty deductions

As the investigation progressed,

uncovering new elements
along the way

I saw the look in their eyes change,
and so was mine.

I had to set aside my a priori
and prejudices

what the French philosopher
Descartes called

"wiping the slate clean".

I had to remember the time when
I looked at the world differently

in a more simple way.

And this reassured me,
inspired me and gave me hope

as perspectives are always brighter
than what we can imagine.

Let us start softly then

with one of the most well known
ancient sites on Earth,

a minuscule island lost
in the middle of the Pacific Ocean

Rapa Nui, Easter Island.

Easter Island is a speck of earth
in the middle of the Pacific Ocean

located 3700 kilometres away
from the coasts of Chile

and about 4000 kilometres away
from French Polynesia.

In a period of 100 years,
the People from Rapa Nui

are believed to have sculpted about
1000 volcanic stone giants

using the Moai, the stone coming
from a crater, used as a quarry.

[soaring orchestral music]

[mysterious music]

Some of them were erected
on pedestals, called Ahu

set at various places
on the island.

Here are the main ones.

Tongariki,
the largest Moai formation.

Te Pito Kura,
the "navel of the World",

with the largest Moai

transported from the quarry,
laying down next to it.

In the bay of Anakena

where the Moai are capped
with their red Pukao.

Tahaï, where we have restored
the white eyes of the Moai.

Vinapu, the most ancient Ahu
of the island

according
to archaeological studies.

And Akivi, the only formation
where the Moai look to the sea

and more specifically
to the equinox sun.

Let us quickly review
the history of the Island

before getting to the important
questions that it raises.

The extraordinary saga
of the Rapa Nui People starts there.

In the Anakena Bay,
where King Hotu Matua

who left Polynesia
with his bravest men, first landed.

It is widely believed that they had
built a prosperous society

and the most accepted hypothesis

states that the Rapa Nui society
collapsed

following clan wars
throughout the centuries,

while deforestation occurred
because of the statues.

However, in light of the latest
archaeological discoveries,

reality might have been
quite different.

Epidemics introduced
by the Spanish navigators

at the end the 18th Century,

slave raids
at the end of the 19th Century

and their consequences almost
exterminated the population

We have to remember that
the population here

was reduced to a hundred and ten
or eleven people at one point.

The loss of scribes and guardians
of the Rapa Nui culture

who became forced labourers
in Peruvian mines

and the subsequent Christian
evangelization campaigns

almost exterminated the culture
of these people.

The Rapa Nui may have originated
from Hiva Oa

about 3 600 kilometers
to the Northwest.

3 600 kilometers.

One does not embark
on such a trip lightly.

One must think about food,
and especially water.

Talking about a 30 to 50 days trip
in pirogue

implies a certain level
of logistics.

There must be enough supplies for
the trip back in case of failure.

One may not quite comprehend
what such an expedition could imply.

One can eat fish, but enough water
needs to be provided for,

especially considering
the huge effort.

One needs to know
ahead of time

how many days
in the pirogue

there are
before reaching land.

Either Hotu Mota first sent scouts
in various directions

and, by chance, one of them
discovered Easter Island

which would have then initiated
a further expedition.

Or they left randomly and,
out of shear luck

discovered this speck of land
in the Pacific Ocean.

Alternatively,

they might have known the position
of the island beforehand

which raises the question as to
how could they have known about it.

Linguists cite the resemblance
of the Rapa Nui language

with the original
Polynesian language,

the former would have in fact
evolved during migrations

which all confirms the Oral history
of the Rapa Nui.

They claim
to have accomplished this trip

straight from Hiva Oa Island.

If it's true that they all migrated
from this place called Hiva,

the linguistic evidence
suggests that Rapa Nui

left that group of people first,
and came here.

Of course they were all speaking
the same language at that time.

We hear all kinds of things
about this Island

but it is difficult to reconstruct

the true story
of the Rapa Nui people,

terribly damaged
by multiple invasions.

Recent archaeological studies

go against the accepted idea
of a nation of warriors.

According to the American
anthropologist Carl Lipo,

the mata"a, obsidian blades
long considered weapons

may have actually been tools
for sculpting and gardening,

noting their lack of a pointed tip.

There are also no traces
of fortifications on the island.

And then there are movies
that show

very little respect
for the people of Rapa Nui,

to the extent that,
after filming on the Island,

an American production company
just threw a concrete Moai

that was no longer useful
out into the ocean.

But Let's get technical.

The Giant Moai of Rano Raraku

which measures 22 meters high

and weighs about 250 tons

is often shown

but we seldom see those Moais

which were sculpted above
within the sidewalls

thus complicating their
future extraction.

One could think they were not
sculpted to be extracted

however, since they are not
visible at ground-level

why go to that much trouble?

These Moais weigh
between 40 and 60 tons

and are located about 15
kilometres away from the quarry,

where they were extracted from.

Some of the Moais
were capped with a Pukao,

hats made of red volcanic tuf

extracted here,
at the site of Puna Pao,

12 kilometres from the quarry
of Rano Raraku

at the back of this tank.

[mysterious traditional music]

The Pukao were then
transported, hoisted

and set on top of the Moai's heads

sometimes at a height of 8 meters.

How?

Very simple, according
to this explanatory sign.

Maybe someone
has a better explanation

but no one has yet thought
it would be useful

or important to specify it here.

In fact, no one really knows.

We may have vague hypotheses
regarding the transportation

and we believe the Moai
might have been erected

to protect the houses
they were gazing at,

although the statues tend to look
more to the skies than the ground.

Experiences have been set up
on flat surfaces

to simulate the transportation
of a 5-ton Moai

however, it is impossible to confirm
that the same process

would have been possible with
an 80-ton Moai like this one.

Ahu Vinapu is different
from the other sites

because of its massive architecture.

I ask myself simple questions.

For example, regarding this Ahu,

since it is the most ancient
of the Island

it leads to some
unsettling questions.

Being the most ancient
and still in place

it demonstrates
that this way of building

was the most resistant,
therefore the safest.

It was the best advertising
for this technique.

True to the idea of permanent
progress by Homo Sapiens,

one would expect subsequent sites
to be built in a similar fashion

or even better.

And the problem is that actually,

all the Ahu built after this one

were never as large,
nor as precise in their assemblage

and all ended up collapsing.

But not Ahu Vinapu.

Thus, the questions are:

amongst all the builders
at Rapa Nui who followed,

none of them noticed
that the only viable technique

was the one
utilized at Ahu Vinapu?

And if they did, why not
reproduce this technique?

Therefore either the secret
of this structure is a unique case

lost in history

or the people of Rapa Nui had
nothing to do with its construction.

One may notice
a very strong similarity

in the style between Ahu Vinapu

and structures attributed
to the Incas, in Peru.

Genetics analyses
on chickens of the Island

demonstrate there were contacts
between both peoples

but we do not know
in which direction.

Destination Peru,
more specifically Cuzco.

the old Inca capital
that, like Rapa Nui

was referred to as the World's
belly button by its inhabitants.

Either both tribes see themselves
as the centre of the world

or maybe the Earth
has numerous belly buttons.

The problem in Peru

is that there is little information
on the time preceding the arrival

of the Catholics and the ravages
of the Inquisition.

It means that one may be
confused regarding

the history of the buildings
and their techniques.

This church was built directly over
the Inca Temple of Coricancha

covering it entirely.

However, the Catholic Church
was not alone in this use

of this rather high-handed method,
as it was practiced everywhere

by conquerors and settlers.

Like here, this mosque over
the Temple of Luxor in Egypt

or again the temple of Jupiter
in Baalbek in Lebanon,

where Romans preferred to build
on top of existing foundations

Which is understandable,
as each block

weighs over 1 000 tons.

Here, the Church sought to destroy
the archives of these people

until everyone accepted
the popular image

of barbaric and bloodthirsty Incas

engaging in human sacrifice.

It is very sad indeed to see how
these thousand-year-old peoples

and their immense
knowledge were loathed,

knowledge we are just
beginning to re-discover

especially
in the field of medicine.

And in politics, as well, as, before
the arrival of the Europeans,

the Inca Empire had almost succeeded
in uniting all of their people.

It was important to avoid
any further rebellion.

For that, they had a radical option.

One kills the leaders,
spreading confusion amongst

the people,
and rebellion is squashed.

The method is as old
as the World itself.

Well, actually maybe not.

45 centuries prior to the arrival
of the Europeans

life was quite different
on the Pacific coast of Peru

and there was a civilization there
for a very long time:

the vast city of Caral Supe
bearing witness of this.

Caral being the oldest American
city to date.

This vast city
was remarkably organized

with streets, squares, housing,

amphitheatres and temples
in the shape of pyramids.

It dates back to 5000 years old

which is about 3000 years
prior to our time.

According to Egyptologist dating,
this gigantic mother city

was contemporary
to the Pyramids in Giza.

Archaeological studies tell
that Caral was destroyed

about 3800 years ago

following earthquakes or other
climate-related catastrophes.

The city was a vast problem
for those who studied it

as no fortresses nor weapons
were ever found,

and so they had to admit the
incredible possibility of this city

living in peace
for over a thousand years

with commercial cooperation
with its neighbors.

All this is to say, how improbable
it appears to modern humans

that one may live in peace
for vast periods of time.

[soft orchestral music]

When one discovers
a site like Caral

the main difficulty for
archaeologists is the state it is in

which renders the reconstruction
of daily life challenging.

One may find small blocks of stone,
joined together by clay cement.

The same technique as we may find
at a later stage at Machu Picchu

or at Ollantaytambo

which will later evolve
towards greater precision.

They may have started to build Caral
with small stones

and it would have been completed
with a refined technique

as we may see on the most recent
parts of the Machu Picchu site.

It would be a normal evolution
of the technique throughout time.

Discovered in 1911

at a time where, in Europe, Incas
were still believed to be savages,

this city was unknown to the Spanish

during the time
of their occupation of Peru.

It shows impressive
technical expertise

especially in the management of
water and its distribution system.

Its stone assemblages
are harmoniously integrated

into the environment

However, outside
of the important work

of bringing
the materials to the site

it does not represent
any particular difficulty.

But what surprised me
was the heart of the site,

built in a totally different style.

Huge andesite blocks,
a very hard stone

had been assembled
with precision without any seal

meaning stone against stone.

If this stone comes from a quarry

on the other side of the valley,

then one really wonders

how could they have transport these
heavy blocks on such a steep slope?

And why such a difference in style?

One may not use the same techniques
for buildings intended for rituals

as for buildings intended for
housing which I can understand.

but then why are
some of the walls "mixed"?

This could be due
to ulterior repairs,

but then, the question would be
why was it not repaired identically?

One can see that the assemblage
techniques of the big blocks

are more ancient compared to the
techniques of the small blocks.

Why?

Quite simply: the small blocks
are set on top of the big blocks.

Here, similarly to Ahu Vinapu
of Easter Island,

the builders have assembled
complex polygonal shapes

which do not seem to present
any kind of difficulty.

Let's draw some comparisons

which make no sense
according to archaeology

as the sites
we are going to compare

are separated
by thousands of kilometers

and were built
thousands of years apart.

Here you can see an assemblage from
an angle of a wall in Machu Picchu

and another one from the Temple
of the Valley in Giza, in Egypt.

One may notice the same type
of general symmetry of the shape

like here, still at the temple
of the Valley in Egypt,

and there,
at the heart of Machu Picchu.

At Machu Picchu...

And in the Temple of the Valley.

One may explain these parallels

by the fact that,
confronted with the same difficulty

human beings will all find
the same solution.

But, outside of the similarities

what can we learn?

Simply that one does not
randomly assemble blocks

and that, if needed, they are
cut to create these patterns

which gives us an idea about
the level of mastery required.

How's this for logic?

one starts by assembling
extremely resistant constructions

with massive stones

and, as time passes, one builds
less and less resistant structures

with stones the size of bricks.

Long live progress.

Here, these stones disjointed
by one or more earthquakes

allow us to understand two things:

first of all, the internal faces
are precisely worked on

to be assembled
over all of their depth,

then the face of the stones
on the left is slightly twisted

and the block on the right
exactly matches this twist

reproduced on the right
to mirror the left.

Do you realize the difficulty
of achieving this?

In practicality, this complex work

does not seem
to be useful in any way.

If these walls are an evolution
of the techniques in Caral

a millennium earlier,

then where does this style
with enormous stones come from?

Where is the logic in all of this?

It is even more obvious
at Sacsayhuaman,

the fortress with the 3 enclosures
overhanging the city of Cuzco,

ancient capital of the Incas.

[mysterious music]

3 gigantic outer-walls
over 3 levels

made of blocks weighing
a few dozen tons

assembled
with very great precision.

Over more than 400 meters long.

The stones at the angles
weigh over 200 tons

and the others up to 60 tons.

What is the purpose
of such a fortress?

3 outer-walls of this scale where,

militarily speaking,
we find numerous weak points.

If this was simply
a way to appear strong

they might have gone
a bit too far.

[soaring orchestral music]

At the site, the guides are happy
to tell us that

the whole site represents
the head of a puma

and that this fortress
represents its teeth,

the rest being made of the outer
walls of the ancient Cuzco.

This is beautiful story,
one may indeed identify an eye

but how confident
can we be about it?

What I notice is that the builders
must have been able to transport

hoist and assemble stones
weighing dozens of tons

but, when repairing stones
that were damaged

or had disappeared

this is what
they must have done.

At Ollantaytambo, still in Peru
we find the same thing.

One may see these walls
made of small stones,

classical of the Inca era,
and these assemblages there.

Here, the first traces
of settlements

date back
to -600 to -400 before our time.

so it is rather ancient.

If these were the same builders

then they lost
their know-how along the way

because for some unknown reasons

they were unable to complete them
or repair them identically.

You can believe what you wish.

The style, the quality of the stone

and the difficulty of the work
are in no way the same.

As the repairs are to be found
on the upper layers of the walls

it means the stones
underneath are older.

The builders, here again,
started by assembling

gigantic stones
with a very great precision

to finish off with smaller stones
assembled with less precision?

At the Ollantaytambo site

my eyes were drawn to black stone
blocks carved in a certain way.

I had heard a guide saying
there was a link between this site

and the site
of Tiahuanaco in Bolivia,

that similar techniques
had been utilized.

From what was said, the sites
were not dated from the same time

but there again,
this was rather unclear.

I decided to head off to Tiahuanaco,
through the Andes

on the other side of the famous
Titikaka Lake.

[dramatic orchestral music]

What makes the Tiahuanaco plateau
interesting is the following.

A vast enclosure
made of walls and pillars

an entryway leading to a door.

Except none of this is authentic.

It is in fact a reconstruction based
on the vision of an archaeologist.

Here is the site, pictured
before its restoration in 1892.

At the site,
no one tells you anything.

There is not even a sign telling you
that it was actually restored.

One could believe it was
an authentic site.

But curiously,
this creative archaeologist

did not find it useful

to look at the site of Puma Punku,
located about 1 km from here.

Its builders are said
to be pre-Incas.

Therefore, before the Incas.

And they would have built
all of this.

[epic music]

What happened there?

Why was this site destroyed?

A dispute between shamans
is mentioned?

If this was actually the reason,

it would have been wise
to avoid angering them back then

since they would have been quick
to smash some slabs

weighing a few dozen tons.

I had asked Erik Gonthier,
geologist, to come over with me

as I wanted his advice
on the technical means utilized.

Erik told me that in India, stone
cutters are still using the same

or almost the same methods

as the ones used
thousands of centuries ago.

except the use
of hardened steel, too soft

which was replaced by carborundum
or other hard-alloy tips.

When using hardened steel tools

the stone cutters usually hit
at most 5 or 6 times

before sending them
again to the quench.

Erik insisted on the fact

to not to underestimate
human capabilities.

You need to know that,

as soon as you question
the academic version

others will immediately suspect

that you believe
it was all built by aliens.

That's what's meant by "not
underestimating human capabilities".

It suggests that we necessarily
expect an extra-terrestrial solution

to resolve the "issue" of the tools.

But, to tell you the truth although
I cannot explain the methods used

I do not feel that this was
something made by beings

capable of travelling
across the universe.

I advise Erik to wait for a bit
before making a decision.

[soft piano music]

The next day, he will use
our roughness-measuring device

a tool that measures
the surface flatness

thanks to a minuscule diamond tip

manoeuvred
by a computerized arm.

The first measurements
on randomly selected stones

provide
more than acceptable results.

Then,
as we start to choose the stones,

attempting to find some
in better condition than others,

the numbers get more accurate.

We then reach the stone
I was looking at since this morning.

Erik places the roughness-measuring
device over it.

I am curious to know the result

as the block appears to be
particularly smooth.

The graph that appears is very flat.

[speaking foreign language]

Variance between the highest
and the lowest point on the surface

knowing that 1 micron
equals 0.001 millimetre

or that you will need 1000 microns
to obtain 1 millimeter,

30 microns, it is 0.03 mm.

this surface is ten times smoother
than a modern flat concrete.

Already spotted by Christopher Dunn

an aviation engineer who based
his career on precision.

In a hotel room,
we cleared of a table

that had a glass table top

The glass table top was within
7 thousands of an inch

of being flat.

Going out to Puma Punku
and taking that instrument,

it was within
half a thousand of an inch.

Knowing that, on top of it all

surfaces deteriorate over time.

to give you an idea, here is the
roughness of every day materials.

He who was talking
about copper and abrasion.

Believe me when I tell you
that he carefully chooses

his words in front of the camera.

300 kilometers away.

Transporting rocks weighing
a few tons across the Andes

and over such a distance does not
seem to surprise him that much.

Nothing will ever replace
an actual visit.

Although...
Sometimes, from a distance

we may discover certain things.

[mysterious music]

One may notice
this pattern on a slab.

A researcher told me this pattern

was also present at another
enigmatic site in Peru,

over 700 km away as the crow flies.

Nazca.

On this barren plateau, immense
lines and representations of animals

have been drawn on the ground
by the people of Nazca.

The first evidence of the
existence of these people

dates back to about 2300 years ago.

Except for a few stylised
representations of animals

one may observe
mainly straight lines

some spanning
over a few kilometers.

The whole site covers
thousands of square kilometers.

We often hear about
the "tracks of Nazca".

And some did not hesitate
in the past to call these

"landing strips
for extra-terrestrial vessels".

How could you seriously consider

that people capable of flying
across the universe

might need a landing strip
drawn on the ground in order to land

just like one of our planes?

This sounds as stupid
as the hypothesis

stating theses patterns
were destined to call on the gods

asking for water, rare in the area.

that would imply
taking the elders as fools.

At that time, one might
have had better things to do

rather than wasting time in a
barren area where nothing grows.

Here again, we know nothing.

Although these figures are gigantic

their creation
might have been difficult

but far from impossible.

What interests me, is the "why".

We are often shown animal drawings

but the lines
are far more impressive.

And both
curiously overlap in some places

as if we were looking at 2 eras
and 2 very different styles.

On one hand, we have

animal drawings and
representations of living beings,

though none of them
lived at this latitude.

On the other, we find abstract
and immense geometrical lines.

This is inconsistent with a people
supposed to have possessed

only primitive technology.

Similarly to the H-shape blocks
of Puma Punku.

Let's look at what we have.

From the people of Rapa Nui
to the Inca Empire,

partly because
of foreign invasions,

we do not know for certain
the why and the how

of all these constructions.

But we can see they have
usually been executed

in inaccessible areas

in the desert, on top of hills

or on very steep mountainsides.

Each time,

there seems to be
at least 2 different eras

and the most ancient era

appears to have a taste
for abstract geometrical patterns.

[wondrous music]

Peru is a vast and magnificent land

as its people.

It is said there are
over 1200 sites listed

and one would need a lot of time
in order to see them all.

Sometimes I just trust my intuition

and let myself be guided
by the people I meet.

This is how I discovered
the next site.

[wondrous music]

After a drive of about 30 km
of dirt track

this site is difficult to access.

A low stonewall
covers the back wall.

Another stonewall outside

leads us to believe that we are
in some kind of sheepfold.

Up until now, nothing abnormal
except for the fact that,

for some unknown reason,
the other sidewall has been cut.

[wondrous music]

And as we turn around, we discover
that, at the entry of this cave,

the stones have been
entirely sculpted.

[wondrous music]

Here again, the feeling
that you are facing

2 different eras in the building
of the structure

is strong.

This feeling is confirmed
by these outer structures

in the same style as the sheepfold.

A latter imitation?

The work is clean and the cut outs
are beautiful

but wait to see the next site

located far far away from Peru

in India, in the Bihar region.

[traditional indian music]

[singing in foreign language]

We find 7 caves entirely excavated
from massive granite blocks,

spread over 2 main sites.

4 at Barabar

and 3 at Nagarjuni.

Amongst them,
2 remain unfinished.

They are considered
to be the oldest caves in India

and they may have been built
between the 3rd and 2nd century

before our time,
about 2300 years ago

under the reign of King Ashoka,

according to the scriptures carved
at the entrance of 3 of the caves.

There are many other
caves in India

but these are unique
because of their features.

Here again,

one may observe
the same contrast

between
the seniority of the building

and the sobriety
of its geometric shapes.

They were dug
into granite rocks,

a material harder
than hardened steel?

On these images, the surfaces
appear to resemble cement.

However,
this is an optical illusion

due to the light
and the transparent granite crystals

polished to the extreme,
giving the feel of a rough surface.

In reality, they are like this,
everywhere.

I asked Jean-Louis Boistel,
an experienced stone cutter

who has been working granite
for over 40 years

without any modern tools,
for his opinion.

I did not even have the time
to let him know

these images had been taken
with a highly sensitive camera

that allows us to film in the dark
as if in full light.

Indeed, with a normal camera

this is what we get.

[mysterious music]

[epic music]

Yet these caves are at least
2300 years old.

The dating only relies

upon the inscriptions carved
at the entrance of 3 of them.

However, when looking
at these inscriptions in detail,

we can see the work
is far from being as clean

as the work produced
inside the caves.

In the most complex cave,

the granite has literally become
flaky in some parts

which is a natural phenomenon

suggesting that these caves
may be older than we think.

In this massive stone,

2 caves have been carved
on that side.

The one on the left
is fully completed inside

and the entryway
also appears to be finished.

The one on the right
displays a curved porch

Buddhist-style, corresponding
to the era of King Ashoka,

but the inside is unfinished.

The side
is surface-sized over 3 sides.

But the vault, the ground
and the dome are still raw.

We don't understand why
the completed cave

is not the one with the porch,
obviously special,

as it is the only cave to have one.

Why was it not completed?

When looking
at the porch more closely,

we can see the work is easy
on the eye, so to speak.

But, as beautiful as it may look,

it cannot be compared
to the work accomplished

on the inside walls of the cave.

This porch is off-centre
not vertical.

It is nothing
compared to the precision

in the construction of the caves.

[soft music]

According to some archaeologists,

this uncompleted cave
could explain in detail

how the other caves
would have been constructed.

It is hard,
when looking at this work

to imagine it might one day
resemble this.

[soft music]

Even more impossible

as the hits on the vault
go too deep in some areas.

This cave
seems to show a failed attempt

maybe done on a cave
that was discovered unfinished.

A king would not take over a cave
already completed

but would more likely finish a cave
including some modifications.

which would explain the difference
in levels on the ground.

And maybe
his men did not succeed.

Of course this is
pure speculation on my part.

The contrast
between the surface-sized wall

and the ceiling seems
to confirm the idea of a re-use.

We would need
further study of this room

in order to comprehend fully
the chronology in the work

and confirm
or set aside this hypothesis.

We measured the surfaces with
the roughness-measuring device.

[intriguing music]

[speaking foreign language]

There is an average difference
of a few microns.

These surfaces are almost
as smooth as glass.

[mysterious music]

But it was when we took
the measurements

that I started to understand.

The precision tolerance varies
between about 2 and 5 mm.

The takings of measurements
with a rangefinder

are difficult
because the walls are tilted.

What tools were used to accomplish
such an exact work?

Some defects
in the polishing do confirm

that these caves were hand-made

which renders the need for accuracy
even more pronounced.

When I say "hand-made"

I am considering quite powerful
portable tools

besides simple chisels
and hammers.

But why such precision?

What is the point?

[mysterious music]

A gap of a few centimeters

would be difficult to see
with a naked eye and in full light.

I was leaving Barabar

with the feeling that these caves
had more to offer.

However we could no longer settle
for a roughness-measuring device

and a rangefinder,
we needed more precise equipment.

From Easter Island
to India, via Peru,

we may observe
2 very different styles.

The work that is the most ancient
is also the largest

the most precise
and the best assembled.

It is the case on Easter Island,
At Ollantaytambo,

at Machu Picchu

at Naupa Iglesia

and in Egypt.

Why this need for accuracy?

[soft music]

I was leaving for Egypt
with Erik Gonthier

who was growing
more and more embarrassed

by all of our discoveries.

Few scientists accept to appear
in these types of movies,

afraid to look like raving lunatics
in the eyes of their colleagues.

But like me,
he wanted to understand.

Neither he nor I had any hypothesis.

I was just unravelling the facts
following an intuition

I was looking to validate
through reason

whilst he was taking
measurements and data.

The granite
used to build the sarcophagi

comes from one
of the quarries in Aswan

about 900 km away
from Saqqarah

located 1km away
from the Nile river,

distance on which the 22 sarcophagi

had to be transported.

[traditional music]

However, despite it being
an extraordinary work

surfaces are a little less precise
than the ones observed at Barabar.

How did these 22 sarcophagi

and their lids get moved
into such a small space?

Why, yet again,
the need for such accuracy

for sarcophagi
destined to hold bulls

even if these bulls were sacred?

How did they work underground?

How did they get enough light
to accomplish such polishing?

What were their tools?
How did they breathe?

Have Egyptologists looked into these
questions in their publications?

If this is the case

I am more than curious
to know the answers.

Because these are the types
of tools shown

when one talks about
the stone cutting techniques

of Ancient Egypt.

When we're looking to Ancient Egypt

and we follow their civilization
over a 3000 year period,

we are told that they used
very simple tools

at the beginning
of their civilization,

such as copper chisels,
wooden mallets,

stone chisels, stone hammers...

and then you follow the progress
of that civilization

over 3000 years
and it ends up :

they're still using
the same tools as they started with.

that doesn't make sense.

Christopher Dunn offers
the vision of an engineer

through all of his observations,

no matter
what the techniques are

the thought process is rigorously
the same throughout the ages.

Especially regarding the complex
structure of Ancient Egypt.

Tools had to evolve.

we go from a single stone
to a stone tied up to a medium

then, little by little,
the tool is perfected.

However, and despite the fact
that master pieces were created

for some unknown reason,
it may have not happened that way.

[traditional music]

Particularly when you look into
what they created,

because the tools they have found
in the archaeological records

are not capable to create
these artifacts from that period.

Convinced for over 20 years
that the Egyptians

are indeed the creators
of these structures,

Christopher Dunn
has been tracking down their tools.

Clearly more elaborated in regard
to their constructions

which he explains in detail
in his work

[traditional music]

Each stone of the outer wall weighs
between 200 and 400 tons.

It's completely surreal.

So much so in fact that nobody
has tried to discover

how they could have done this.

Theses stones have then been
covered by granite paving

from Aswan, as usual.

We notice that these massive stones
all have different shapes

fitting together accurately.

I have never heard nor read
any serious explanation

regarding
the building of this temple

as if piling up stones
weighing 200 to 400 tons

was just child's play.

For some, the builders would have
used ramps to raise them.

Others mention hoists.

Get some information regarding

the difficulty of transporting
such heavy loads

and you will understand
that the enigma

is far from being solved.

sites which, according to our
History have nothing in common

except for the fact

that they have been
created by people

who were barely clothed.

The temple of the Valley
is located below Giza

some hundred meters away
from the greatest of all pyramids.

On the 30th Parallel,
about 4500 years ago

the Great Pyramid of Giza
would have been built.

if we go by the dating
of Egyptology.

No text mentions its construction

nor the construction
of the Median Pyramid

also known as Khafre Pyramid,

nor the small one, also known as
Mikerinos Pyramid.

In fact, this is not quite right.

fragments of papyrus dated
from the end of the 4th dynasty

discovered in 2013

do mention the transport
of limestone blocks from Tourah,

those used for the cladding
of the great Pyramid,

but nothing else.

no reference to the more than
2 million blocks of limestone

that came from other quarries.

Its construction remains an enigma
to this day.

The site of Giza is built
over a limestone plateau

originally
made of flattened hills

as we can see
on the median Pyramid.

For the Great Pyramid,
the builders kept part of the hill.

Some kind of giant pivot
of about 6 meters high

around which it was built.

First, they paved about 60 000
square meters in surface

minus the surface of the pivot

which allowed them to keep
a great part of the blocks

for the construction.
But these paving blocks,

weighing a ton anda half on average
are not all identical

and have complex shapes

which makes joining them
even more complicated.

This is even more complex
as the ground has been carved

in order to insert these blocks.

It is a giant puzzle in 3D.

Once this was completed
they built the base of the pyramid

which is almost flat

as noted by the Egyptologist
Mark Lehner.

He detected a difference
of only a few centimeters

from one end to the other
of the pavestone

which spreads over 230 meters
in length.

We do wonder a lot about the means
to obtain such precision

with the basic tools commonly
attributed to the Egyptians.

That is, if they were indeed
the builders of this site.

Then, they piled up over 2 million
limestone blocks

in successive rounds up to the top.

There again, we can see the height
of the rounds is not the same

and the blocks
all have different shapes

meaning that they did not place
the blocks randomly.

The work was done
with such precision

that the edges of the pyramid
remain unbroken up to the top.

Today, the blocks of the cladding

made of limestone from Tourah
are missing.

[enigmatic music]

Blocks may have fallen down
following a violent earthquake

in the 14th century,

cladding we can still see
on the top of the median pyramid.

Cladding that rendered
the great pyramid

entirely smooth from the outside.

It was oriented with stupefying
precision to True North

with variation
of only 1/500th of a degree,

precision
that would take us

thousands of years
to achieve again

even
with our modern equipment.

The first difficulty
was to establish

directing lines on the ground
with such precision.

And the second,

to raise the 2 million blocks,

while maintaining this precision.

How did they do it?

No one knows.

The base of the great pyramid
is not a perfect square

but is slightly octagonal.

This indentation is visible
on these images

as well as on satellites pictures.

For unknown reasons, the small
pyramid also has this oddity.

but not the median pyramid.

What does it imply?

On top of managing raising each
round of blocks of various sizes

they also had to deal with this
indentation right up to the top,

considerably complicating
construction.

The great pyramid
was so smooth

that it made it impossible to see
the entryway on the north face.

How can we confirm this
with confidence?

Because, if this was not the case

in the 9th century,
the men of the Caliph Al Mammoun

would not have dug a long tunnel
within the great pyramid,

only a few meters
below the actual entryway.

This confirms
that still at that time,

no entryway was visible.

Moreover, either
they were well informed

or they got really lucky

as the tunnel was dug up on the
accurate face of the Pyramid

and precisely reached the junction

of the ascending
and descending hallways.

We notice, in passing

in this hallway, that all
the inside layers of the blocks

are set up together
accurately.

we feel as though we are
in a compact limestone mass.

It gives an idea
of the overall work.

According to
Professor André Pochan,

mathematician,
physicist and teacher

at Cairo High School
in the thirties,

this indentation

would have allowed
for what he called

"the lightning phenomenon",

precisely indicating the equinoxes

as seen on this aerial picture
by the Royal Air Force.

This led him to photograph
this phenomenon

on the 21st of March 1934,

using infrared cameras, the height
of technology at the time,

in order to show the temperature
differences on the south face,

here in these 3 photographs
taken 15 seconds apart.

Thanks to this indentation

when the sun reaches the ridge
at the time of the equinox,

it first lightens up half of
the south face for a few seconds,

dividing it in 2 equal parts,

then goes on
to illuminate the whole of it

leading to
what Professor Pochan baptised

"the lightning".

For some, Pochan is mistaken
as, according to them,

the cladding of the Great Pyramid
did not have any indentation.

To confirm this, they are looking
at the few cladding blocks

visible on the North face
of the Great Pyramid.

There again,
when you look further,

you will find that these blocks
are not the original ones.

You can see them here,

photographed
by the Morton brothers.

Despite some damage, these blocks
are in excellent condition

when compared
to the blocks behind them,

which have not been exposed
to the air since the 14th Century.

Here you can see them
a century later, quite eroded.

Let's reason logically.

Why would these builders have
considerably complicated their work

by managing the raising
of indented faces

with blocks of various sizes

in order, after that

to set up flat cladding blocks
to fill in this indentation?

Should Professor Pochan be right

Imagine the complexity of both
the design and the execution here.

Let's move
to the internal structure,

considered by many to be
a building site in itself.

It is made up of 2 main hallways.

The descending hallway
crosses the foundation

to then plummet
to the limestone plateau,

oriented at 26,18 degrees.

Please do remember this number.

Leading to the unfinished
underground chamber.

The ascending hallway
leads to the median chamber

then to the high chamber,
crossing the Great Gallery.

It also carries
a gradient of 26,18 degrees.

This internal structure
defies all logic

We are moving from a
1 meter by 1 meter hallway

to a room 8,5 meters high
over 50 meters in length

whose purpose, if any,
remains totally unknown.

The median chamber
is entirely built of limestone.

It has a chevron ceiling
and a curiously off-center niche.

[dramatic music]

And finally the High Chamber.

This chamber is made
exclusively of granite slabs.

It is the only place in the pyramid
where they are found,

granite from Aswan,
located 900 km away from Giza.

These slabs weigh
between 12 and 70 tons

They were extracted here,

may have been
transported over the Nile River

raised 40 meters
on the Giza Plateau

then another 50 meters
in the pyramid

to be precisely configured
to guarantee

the horizontality
and the verticality of the room.

Just this, in itself,
defies all reason.

They needed to manage this building
site at the same time as the site

where the limestone blocks
were extracted from. Why?

The sarcophagus, for example, is
too big to go through the opening.

Therefore
it needed to be placed inside

prior to erecting the sidewalls.

One may talk for a long time
about how to maneuver

and adjust such heavy blocks
with great accuracy.

but Let's talk about Egyptology
and what it has to teach us.

One would have employed
about 15 000 men

over a 20-year period
to build the great pyramid.

We know nothing of the tools

and we can at best speculate
about the methods.

We do not know more
about the complex management

of building such a site.

Getting them to eat, sleep,
healing them if necessary,

since these workers lacked gloves
or any kind of footwear safety.

This great endeavor
was reportedly undertaken

to deliver a cenotaph
for King Kheops when he died,

meaning it was utilized
during a ceremony

allowing the soul of the King
to rise towards the heavens.

Once the ritual
was accomplished,

the pyramid
would be hermetically sealed

and the mummy
would be transported elsewhere.

There is no inscription anywhere,
no gigantic statue, no signature.

the only thing left
from this megalomaniac king

is a 7 cm statue

and the testimony,
sometimes crazy, of Herodotus

more than 2000 years later

which is, in vast parts, the basis
for all of the theses of Egyptology.

No matter what, 20 or even 30 years
to build the Great Pyramid

appears to be totally impossible

with regard
to the example that follows.

Here is the entry
to the temple of Karnak

that measures
about 110 meters in length,

40 meters in height
and 15 meters in width.

it would have taken
17 years to be built.

10 years for the basement, 7 years
for the rest of the building.

And it would have been erected
a lot later than the Great Pyramid.

But let's go back to Puma Punku,

as I have not told you everything
about this site.

It was during an interview
that one of the members of our team

had the intuition to measure
the H-shape blocks,

which is what we did straight away.

This gap is set
at exactly 22 cm.

On another block, it is 21,9 cm.

or a 1 mm difference.

[dramatic music]

21,9 cm on a third one.

There again, 1 mm difference.

In the middle of the site
are 2 H-shaped blocks

in excellent condition.

At the back on the blocks,

one may see a pattern
in the shape of a cross

that we decided to go and measure.

[suspenseful action music]

[device beeping]

[incredulous laughter]

The H-shape blocks are 1 meter high.

The crosses are 30 cm in width.

This gap here, 22 cm.

We are in the metric system.

I told you Erik
was a courageous man.

The meter in a pre-Inca site

is not very easy to integrate
into the accepted chronology.

But why is it so disturbing?

Because, first of all,

the meter is based
on the measurements of the Earth.

So we can't define it
if one has not measured the Earth.

And secondly because the Earth
was measured

and the meter was set in 1795.

So unless one strongly believes
in coincidences,

logically, we should not find
this unit before this date.

And it is even more troubling
to find it on blocks

with such particular shapes,

which, if they were in wood, would
seem unnoticed in an Ikea store.

This must have been appreciated

because it was
identically reproduced

at an altitude of 4000 meters
in the middle of nowhere,

measured in meters.

We measured
three H-shape blocks

as the others were either
too deteriorated or unreachable.

They were
more readily available in 1892

when they were also measured
using the metric system.

So here is the problem.

Because the meter is connected
to the measurement of the Earth,

if pre-Inca people built this site,

then there are
not many possibilities.

Either it is by chance

or pre-Inca people
measured the Earth,

or this knowledge
was given to them.

Whether it was deliberate or not,
this meter is found elsewhere.

Let's go back to Egypt.

[tape rewinding then stopping]

This inscription
would have been carved

at the entrance
of the Plato Academy

but it could as well
have been carved

at the entrance
to the Great Pyramid.

Egyptians were taking
measurements in cubits

and the original dimensions
of the Great Pyramid

including its cladding,
dimensions everybody agrees on,

are 440 cubits at the base,

and 280 cubits in height.

In 1859, the Englishman
John Taylor

noticed that this dimension here,
divided by this one, would give Pi.

Egyptologists certify
that the Egyptians

only had a very basic
knowledge of mathematics

and that they did not know
about Pi

nor about the Golden Ratio.

The High Chamber, however
is built on a double square

which leads us
to the Golden Ratio geometry.

I know, numbers and mathematics
don't fascinate many people

but if I, who slept during
math class, manage to understand,

it can't be
as difficult as it seems.

First of all, let's introduce
quickly the Golden Ratio

to those of you who do no know it.

you will actually find
a lot of videos on the Internet

that will explain it in detail.

It is the Italian Leonardo Pisano
that publicized

in the 13th century,
the Fibonacci sequence,

where each number divided
by the previous one

results in a number that
progressively approaches 1,618.

It is a number, and more precisely
a ratio between 2 numbers

that is endless, just like Pi.

but with amazing
mathematical properties.

[suspenseful dramatic music]

No need to remember all that.

All you need to know is the logic.

Since it is a ratio system

we will use its variations,
even its square root

which is equal to 1,272.

If it has been called
the "divine proportion",

it is precisely
because we may observe it

statistically or in its average,
just about everywhere around us

in the minerals
through their angles,

in plants through the geometry
of their leaves,

the distribution of seeds,

amongst animals and Man,
like Da Vinci showed us,

or again in the arts, where
it would represent harmony.

Building when using
the geometry of the Golden Ratio

means attempting to imitate Nature,

or to reproduce
what we may perceive.

Do keep these numbers in mind

as they will cross our path again.

In order to take measurements,
one needs a reference:

the meter,
or the yard, for example.

In Egypt, they used the cubit

which actually varied,
according to some.

But in the Great Pyramid, its value
can be obtained with great certainty

since the High Chamber is made
of precisely assembled granite.

The value obtained through
the measurements of this room

varies between 0,5235 and 0,5236,

or 52 centimeters 3 millimeters
and 5 or 6 tenths of a millimeter.

It is the Royal Cubit,
used in the Great Pyramid.

But then, although these builders
didn't know about the "meter”,

their cubit is by some miracle
connected to it.

As the Frenchman Funk Hellet
demonstrated in 1956,

it can be obtained easily
through geometry.

This dimension is 1.
No unit, just 1.

The length of the circle is
this dimension times Pi.

So there we have Pi.

We divide the circle into 6 parts.

Each part equals 0,5236.

And what we have left
equals 2,618,

which is
the Golden Ratio squared.

These 3 numbers are connected
by this circle,

which has a diameter of 1.

I went and talked to a man
who's on the field

who has been working with ancient
measurements for decades.

If I want to measure this circle,
I will need a measuring unit.

Let's take the Yard.

So this dimension equals 1 yard

and this one here 0.5236 yards

It does not correspond
to anything in particular.

On the other hand,
if we choose the meter;

then this dimension
equals 0.5236 meters,

which is the value of the royal
cubit of the Great Pyramid.

This can only be sheer luck
as the meter was adopted in 1795

after the Earth was measured.

Sheer luck added to sheer luck

with simple shapes, our builders

also got the geometry
of the Golden Ratio

without even seeing it.

Let's take now the measurements
of the Great Pyramid in meters.

Thanks to its proportion,
if we divide this by that,

whichever measuring unit
we chose to use,

the result will be Pi.

But if we choose the meter,

this dimension
divided by this one equals Pi.

But this dimension
minus this one equals Pi x 100,

which only works with the meter.

Same dimensions,
a division and a subtraction.

In regard to the High Chamber,

amongst all the possible
choices of shapes,

they chose by chance,
a double square

opening the door to a geometry

they were not supposed
to know about.

The geometry of the Golden Ratio.

Then, to build this Chamber,

over all of possible
choices in dimensions,

the builders chose 10 by 20 cubits.

This dimension here is Pi
times 10 meters,

and this is only possible in meters.

This dimension here plus 2,618
meters equals this dimension.

This dimension plus 2,618 meters
equals this dimension.

Plus 2,618,
it is this dimension.

It can only happen because
the room measures 10 by 20 cubits.

If it had been 9 times 18,
or 11 times 22,

we would have had the Golden Ratio
or Pi in proportion,

but not in meters.

All of this makes no sense,
since, as I told you,

the meter was set in 1795.

Something is not right.

Need a break?

In a book on the Golden Ratio,
we learn that, in the Middle Ages

builders of Churches and Cathedrals
also used the cubit

which belongs to a measuring system
called the Quine.

Which means it is in proportion
with the Golden Ratio.

Look how its all arranging itself
ingenuously around a pentagon

so dear to the French Companions.

Amongst all these different cubits
in the Middle Ages,

one is very particular.

the Royal Cubit, carrying
the same value as the cubit

of the Great Pyramid.

but where does this medieval cubit
come from?

Which means that this cubit
was imposed by royalty,

who, more than 3500 years

after the building
of the Great Pyramid,

would have, by chance,

run into the same unit
of measurement.

A surprising choice
that we can't explain.

Exactly 20 cm,

Which is surprising, since the span
was widely established

prior to the meter.

By the way,
how was the meter established?

It was in 1795,

in relation to the meridional
circumference of our planet,

which means in relation to a circle

that goes round the Earth,
via the poles.

It was decided
that this circle would be divided

into 40 million parts,
or 40 million meters

which then gave the length
of the meter as we know it today.

If, instead of 40 million,

the circle had been divided
into 50 million parts,

the meter would have been
shorter by about 20 cm.

I then wondered,

"but why was it divided
into 40 million parts"?

Why not 36 million,
which would have been logical

since we divide a circle into 360°?

I did not find any response.

What did surprise me,
was that this choice of 40 million

has surprising consequences.

But, before we discuss that,

let's talk with Frenchman
Quentin Leplat

who wanted to statistically verify
the presence of the meter

by measuring all the churches' doors
within a specific region.

Obviously, some will say
that these medieval builders

were not thinking "meters"
but "spans"

and that we should not read
1 meter, but 5 spans.

Maybe, but when we put
all these facts back in order,

we realize what History
is usually asking us to adhere to.

The fact that the builders
of the Great Pyramid

may have, by chance
and without knowing it,

discovered a value
of the cubit connected with Pi,

the Golden Ratio
and, later, the meter.

That, in the Middle Ages,
and at the initiative of royalty,

medieval builders, by sheer luck,
may have implemented

the same royal cubit as the builders
of the Great Pyramid.

That, centuries later, by chance

one decided to divide
the circumference of the Earth

into 40 million parts

which would have given,
still by chance,

a value of the meter
equal to 5 spans,

and a royal cubit equal to Pi
divided by 6.

And when we chose
the meter,

nobody realized
that 5 spans

equalled precisely
1 meter.

By chance.

I don't know about you
but for me, it does not add-up.

Unless one is an unconditional
believer in chance

would it not be
more rational to imagine

that the person
who suggested to divide

the circumference of Earth
into 40 million parts

actually knew what he was doing?

And that,
as surprising as it might sound,

be a discrete and long multi
millennial transmission chain?

Because, what we also see

is that the choice to divide
the circumference of the Earth

into 40 million parts

means that the diameter
of our planet

almost equals the square root
of the Golden Ratio.

[wondrous music]

In any case, based on facts

the Royal Cubit, Pi,
the Golden Ratio and the meter

are all connected.

Everyone is free to verify this,
or to believe what they want.

Because what we believe
influences what we see.

Such is the case when facing certain
surprising objects from the past.

On this site, about 4500 years old,

one may find
these alabaster tanks.

And this second model,
a bit different.

[mysterious music]

We are told these tanks
were used during sacrifices

to collect the blood of the victims.

They look more like filling holes
rather than evacuation holes

since they are raised,
but what for?

These peculiar objects
lead us to believe

that they might have more
of a technical function

rather than a religious
or ritualistic one.

[soaring music]

This green schist discus

with a diameter of about 60 cm

was discovered in 1937
in the tomb of a prince

who lived about 5000 years ago.

We know this was a valuable
object for him

since he decided
to be buried with it.

However,
80 years after its discovery

we still have no idea
what its use may have been.

It was therefore put away
in the catch-all box

of "religious or decorative objects”

along with all other elements
that we do not understand.

Yet, looking at
the precision of its shape

we feel there is more to it.

Its central hub also seems
like it is intended to rotate.

But there is no proof
it has a technical function.

On the other hand
there's absolutely no doubt

about the nature of the object
that follows.

It represents,
at least 2000 years later

the mechanical expression
of the genius of the human spirit.

In the 50s,
a physician rediscovered

in the Athens museum,
this misunderstood fragment

coming from the shipwreck of a boat
that sank about 20 centuries ago.

Convinced of its importance,

he spent the rest
of his life studying it

but he died 20 years before
technology confirmed his intuition

when the object
was scanned slice by slice

in its depth.

[heart beating]

This represents
the skies at a given time

or to determine a date from
a specific pattern in the skies.

It models all the movements
of the visible planets

of the sun and the moon
and in a single movement,

turning the crank,

one will rotate the skies
up to where one wants them to be.

It is a perpetual mechanism.

It carries no less than
300 gears and toothed parts.

To design it,

the inventors needed necessarily
to know that the Earth is a sphere

and that the stars
rotate around the sun.

They knew precisely the cycles
of each of the planets

including the issue of the offset

between the lunar
and solar calendars

identified by the Greek Meton.

A calculation
that would be fine-tuned

a century later,
by Calipe de Cyzique.

On Mathias Buttet's initiative

the Hublot society decided
to reproduce this device.

But the first time
Mathias heard about it

he thought it was a joke.

As for the level
of mathematics required,

it is stupefying,

as the Antykithera mechanism
involves

complex differential movements.

The orbit of the moon
around the Earth is not circular

but elliptic which gives it,
from the Earth

a variable speed.

This is complicated to reproduce

as the gears generate
constant circular movements.

To this knowledge,

you have to add the mastery
in the fabrication of the gears.

What they might not dare
to say in front of the camera

in fear of upsetting
some archaeologists

is the level of mathematics required
to design such a mechanism

far beyond what is usually
attributed to the ancient Greeks.

Otherwise they would have needed
thousands of prototypes

to reach such a precise result.

Yes, because, in practice

it is way more complicated
than it looks.

Let's take the main wheel
which carries 223 teeth.

how do you easily break down
a circle into 223 equal parts?

Now, with the knowledge
of this device

some Greek scriptures
sound different.

If one needed proof

that tools or machines
did not survive the test of time,

this mechanism gives us
something to think about.

It was only 2000 years ago.

Egypt is 5000 years ago.

And the device would still work
had it not remained underwater.

How could a major episode
in the history of human engineering

have been lost from our History?

That the device was lost
is one thing

but that the very idea
of its existence be lost

is even more surprising
than this discovery

who was almost entirely
overlooked by Archaeology.

Just before leaving Athens,
go to the Acropolis.

I was not even surprised
to see such walls.

Chance is indeed a persistent thing.

[plane beeps]

If the Antikythera mechanism
forces us

to reconsider the evolution
of human science and technology,

one archaeological site

completely disrupts the chronology
of the settlements.

Its discovery is a live grenade.

You will see the problem.

The site of Gobekli Tepe
was discovered in the 90s

by shepherds in Turkey.

[mysterious music]

At the heart of the enclosures,
there are central pillars.

And this is
where the problem starts.

According to History,
this is prior to civilization

Something is not right.
But it goes even further.

I had been trying for months
to interview

one of the best researchers
in the world on this matter,

the author
of "Fingerprints of the Gods"

carefully documented
and sourced,

that opened the way
for a lot of people.

Graham Hancock came
just at the right time.

he was going to give me
the keys I was missing.

Here we have
a giant megalithic site

much larger than Stonehenge,
for example

which is 11 500 years old,

which appears suddenly
in a community that, apparently

are entirely hunter-gatherers.

Where did they learn the skills
to do this?

We don't see them practicing.

The oldest material
at Gobekli Tepe is the best.

Did they wake up one morning

with some sort
of magical inspiration

that enabled them
to quarry and cut stone

to put up the world's first

perfectly North-South
aligned building,

which requires astronomy?

Since we do wonder about
the true purpose of the site...

One of its pillars raises
the issue of agriculture.

In the usual chronology,

nomadic people
would settle at one place

by becoming farmers and breeders

then they would specialize
and then be able to build temples

Meanwhile, here
it all happened in reverse.

Agriculture appears suddenly,

at the same moment
that Gobekli Tepe appears.

Actually, when I spoke
to the late Klaus Schmidt,

he found that Gobekli Tepe

had functioned as a center
of innovation in that area.

That it was a place that people
were drawn to and were taught skills

and this raises a question
in my mind.

Who taught them the skills?

Because what I think
we're looking at, at Gobekli Tepe,

the sudden emergence
of megalithic architecture,

the sudden emergence of
evolved agricultural knowledge,

it looks to me like
a transfer of technology.

It looks to me like people
came to that area

who already knew how to make
megalithic architecture,

who already knew agriculture,

and who knew how to mobilise
and organise work forces.

And they put that infrastructure
into place there

and they passed on their skills
in megalithic construction

and in agriculture

to the local hunter-gatherers
that they had settled amongst.

So who were these people?

- One can see on the pillars

patterns similar
to others around the planet.

- I don't know how much we should
make up these connections.

But it's interesting to note,
for example

that the Gobekli Tepe megaliths
are tall pillars

sometimes weighing
as much as 20 tons

with a kind of shape of a letter T.

The T-shape
at the top of the pillar

represents a human head.

We can say this for sure

because many of the pillars
have arms carved into the side,

and the hands
meet in front of the belly.

The positioning of the hands
of the Gobekli Tepe figures

is just identical to the positioning
of the hands

on the Easter Island statues.

On this belt, is cut the letter,

a sign that we would
recognize as the letter H.

And oddly enough,

that exact same H-shape,
as you know

appears in the H blocks,
at Tihuanaco.

There are certain creatures
and animals

which are cut
on the Gobekli Tepe megaliths

which are reproduced exactly
in structures in Peru.

And I went into this in some depth
in my book

"Magicians of the Gods".

- One can see baskets
on one of the pillars.

This is also what attracted
Graham Hancock's attention

since there are
similar types of baskets

in the representations
of the Mesopotamian god Oannes,

who is said
to have brought civilization

to this part of the world.

A motif that we also find
in Central-America

in the hand of a god, who will later
be called Quetzalcoatl.

Also a transmitter of civilisation.

- What we are often seeing
in these similarities

is what we would expect to see

if one culture
on one side of the world

and another culture
on the other side of the world

had both received a legacy
from the same third party culture.

- How else can one explain
these parallels?

And what about
the sudden appearance

of this temple and agriculture,
12 000 years ago?

It is interesting to notice

that Gobekli Tepe curiously means
"the hill of the navel".

Another one.

As Klaus Schmidt
actually discovered,

this navel
has been deliberately buried

which allowed for it
to be precisely dated

11 600 years ago,

with a margin of error
of about 150 years.

But why go the extra mile
to build this site

for it later to be buried?

Would it be for it to be preserved?

We could think of it as a message,
left for posterity.

We've noticed these 11 600 years

correspond to the brutal end
of a time,

of intense terrestrial changes
called the Younger Dryas.

As Earth was getting warmer

and was progressively coming
out of the last ice age,

the temperature
brutally fell by 7 degrees.

[Graham Hancock]
This Younger Dryas episode

has for a long time
been mysterious to geologists.

We know it happened

but they've not known
why it happened.

- About 1 300 years later

the temperature climbed up again
brutally by 10 degrees.

- There was a second episode
of cataclysm

a second episode
of global flooding.

Geologists call it
Meltwater Pulse 1B.

- According to several
scientific studies

these two events might have been
due to comet impacts

hitting the Earth twice,
1 300 years apart,

creating cataclysms our ancestors
might have witnessed.

- Every account that I'm aware of

that exists
of a former human civilization

that was brought low
by a cataclysm.

There are no exceptions.

- If large debris
indeed hit our planet,

one can understand why people
might be under the impression

they were enduring
some divine retribution

This "impact" hypothesis
is nowadays considered

as serious possibility
by science

which has just published a full
article about it in Nature magazine.

In the layer
of the earth corresponding

to the beginning
of the Younger Dryas period,

we found massive quantities
of platinum

associated with Nano-diamonds
and carbon spherules.

Minerals melted at a temperature
of 2000 degrees

and vast quantities of ashes
resulted from fires.

That may confirm
the "impact" hypothesis

when nothing else can explain the
cause of the Younger Dryas period.

We can constrain it
to the period between

12 800 and 11 600 years ago.

[Narrator]
Again, as stated by Graham Hancock,

we do have records.

Solon reported to Plato
that the Atlantis sunk

9 000 years
prior to his visit in Egypt.

in -600 before of our time,

or 11 600 years ago,

which coincides with the end
of the Younger Dryas period.

We must not
take literally all legends

but we must not
dismiss them all either.

Let's talk about the legendary city
of Kumari Kandam

of the Tamil people,
in Southern India.

[mysterious music]

This very evolved civilization

may have occupied
a vast extension of land

with massive libraries
and universities.

However, 11 600 years ago

the date of the end
of the Younger Dryas,

Kumari Kandam disappeared
totally during a cataclysm.

Sea level has risen 120 meters.

More than 27 million
square kilometers of land

which is roughly Europe
and China added together

was above water

during the last ice age
and is underwater now.

I would suggest that
the civilization

we're dealing with was
a maritime seafaring civilization,

that did occupy the very best lands

available
in the ice age world.

And those very best lands,
actually as is the case today,

were the coastal lands,
lands close to the sea.

Those were the lands
that were flooded

by rising sea levels
at the end of the ice age.

- Local fishermen had been
complaining for a long time

of underwater remnants in which
their nets were getting caught

but nobody believed them.

They talked about it
to Graham Hancock

who decided to go dive with them.

- We went out and
dived at Mahabalipuram

with the local fishermen in 2002

and lo and behold, everything
that they'd said was true.

There is an underwater city there.

and, what's more, it extends more
than five kilometers from the shore,

down to depths
of more than 30 meters.

- But during the 2004 tsunami
when the ocean withdrew,

the bay was exposed
for about 30 minutes.

[Graham Hancock]
And many people saw the ruins.

[Narrator] Since then,
the site is being studied.

[Hancock] But not investigating
in a satisfactory manner.

They're still working
in the intertidal zone,

down to a depth of 5 meters.

They should be out 5 kilometers
from shore at 30 meters,

looking at what's lying down there.

because it has the potentiel
to rewrite history,

Because we know from sea level
studies that that area

has been underwater
for about 11 500 years

exactly as is given
in the Kumari Kandam story.

With time,

tales are often embellished,
deformed, or disappear.

Is this the reason
why Egyptian priests

engraved the history of Egypt
on the walls of a temple?

- As my friend
John Anthony West puts it,

the Ancient Egyptians
are telling us very clearly

that their civilization
was not a development.

It was a legacy.

It was a legacy
from the first time

and the first time I associate
with the arrival of the survivors

of a lost civilization in Egypt
around 12 800 years ago.

And that story, as a matter of fact

is told in full detail
in the Edfu building text.

The priests of that time,
around 330 BC

had inherited the archives

of the earlier temples.

Amongst these archives,

written on animal skins,
and falling into pieces

was the story of the time
when the gods came to Egypt

after the destruction
of their former homeland,

which was an island!

They came to Egypt and they brought
the gifts of civilization,

and the priests
decided to copy

those crumbling,
ruined and ancient texts

and make them permanent
on the walls of the Edfu temple.

- This is the story
that was told to Solon

who came to Egypt to learn

like almost all the illustrious
Greek wise men

who then communicated it
to Plato.

For some, it is only a tale
but it would be arrogant

to forget
how illustrious Solon was,

a member
of the 7 wisemen council.

Similar to Plato,

nowadays accused
of being senile or a deceiver,

what he has to say does not
correspond to what we believe

or what we would like to hear.

It is however, what is written
on the walls of this temple.

Kumari Kandam,
or the Antykithera mechanism

remind us to remain prudent.

Only one or two generations

are enough to wipe out the memory
of a whole population.

How many other objects or texts

could have been lost
in the same way?

We knew that, 13 000 years ago

our planet was subject
to a major climate shift.

The ice caps melted
in the northern territories.

A mass extinction occurred.

The level of the oceans
rose by over a 100 meters.

And the cold came back
and prevailed for 1 300 years.

However we cannot explain
the brutal cause of it all.

We also know our ancestors
lived through this event,

that it lead to migrations
of entire populations

but we thought they were still
only hunter-gatherers.

Gobekli Tepe reveals
this was not the case.

From there,
it is only a small step

to picture a level
of development of civilisation

greater than what we thought.

We should not expect
the remnants of that civilization

to be the same as our own.

They're going to be very different
and may even be unrecognizable.

- As we have built over
the quasi totality of the planet,

mined and drilled the underground
in many places,

our civilization has left
remnants everywhere.

But what if this civilization
had evolved differently?

Although some believe
all the common features between

these particular sites
have some divine origin,

I personally cannot imagine they
were built by the hand of a god.

Unless this god was small enough

to walk through the hallway
of the Great Pyramid.

Others, on the contrary state
that all these common features

are connected by the fact
that Homo Sapiens

having settled
everywhere on the planet,

found the same solutions
to the same problems.

And, indeed, we can ironically
appreciate the fact

that humankind started with
precisely adjusted, massive stones

to end up with small blocks
and cement.

But another connection
defies this hypothesis,

both in time and in History.

In 1965, the French Ethnologist
Francis Mazière

talked about a connection between
Easter Island, Peru and Egypt,

stating that all three are located,
according to him

on some sort of "magnetic equator"
of the Earth.

In 1997,
the American Jim Alison

baptized it "the great circle".

A great circle that was invisible

prior to having mapped
the entire earth,

which is, as you will see,
a huge problem.

[suspenseful music]

Let's go from Easter Island

taking a 30 degree orientation

and drawing a line
about 100 kilometers wide.

[suspenseful music]

The strip passes
through Nazca in Peru

then Machu Picchu,
Ollantaytambo, Sacsayhuaman,

Cuzco and Naupa Iglesia.

It crosses the Atlantic to go
over the sacred caves

at Tassili N'Ajjer in Algeria.

Then through the Oasis of Siwa.

By the Giza Pyramids in Egypt.

Over Petra in Jordan.

Ur in Irak.

Persepolis in Iran.

Mohenjo Dar in Pakistan.

Khajuraho in India.

Pyay in Burma.
Sukhotai in Thailand.

Angkor Vat and Preah Vihear
in Cambodia,

highly likely to be connected
a long time ago.

Then over to the little known
islands of Aneityum

in New Caledonia.

In this alignment,

we are not looking at the date
of construction of the structures

as some are spread in time
over many centuries

or thousands of years

but we are rather looking
at their locations,

most of them
being built and rebuilt

over the ruins
of ancient temples.

[mystical music]

Let's first look at the distance
ratio between some of these sites.

Let's look
at the Earth from above.

The red circle that surrounds it
is our Great Circle.

The distance between
Angkor Vat and Nazca

equals the distance between
Mohenjo Daro and Easter Island.

The distance between Angkor Vat
and Mohenjo Daro

equals the distance
of Mohenjo Daro between Giza

and also the distance between
Nazca and Easter Island.

I believe that
at this stage of the investigation,

no one will be surprised to see
the Golden Ratio showing up again.

The distance Angkor Vat
and Giza

times the Golden Ratio

equals the distance
between Giza and Nazca

and the distance
between Giza and Nazca

times the Golden Ratio

equals the distance between Nazca
and Angkor Vat.

Using the metric system

in the same way we did
with the Great Pyramid,

let's measure the distance
between Easter Island and Giza.

10 000 times the Golden Ratio.
Or again,

a quarter around the Earth
times the Golden Ratio.

This is where Jim Alison stops

as like many other
Anglo-Saxon researchers,

he measures distances in miles
and not in meters.

Up until 2012,

Google Earth gave the figure
of 16 179 km between both sites.

Today, it is 16 168 km.

Simple reason: the method
of calculation has changed.

So, depending on the method used,
the result can change.

But let's be serious.

Even with a difference
of about 20 km,

to find an island positioned
on this tilted equator

is nothing short of a miracle.

[mystical music]

Once we checked
this distance on-site

with the "Maps" application
for smartphones,

and taking the GPS coordinates
of the Great Pyramid in Giza

as the starting point,

we were able to validate
a new discovery by Jim Alison.

The point indicating precisely
the 16 180 km

is located
at the center of the triangle

created by 3 remarkable positions
of this island,

the two highest summits,
Terevaka and Poike

and the center of the crater

of Rano Kao.

And this triangle

is even more unique.

Both its sides are identical

and have an angle
of 108 degrees.

It is the portion of the golden
pentagon of the Companions,

connected to the Golden Ratio.

How is it possible?

It is quite obvious that
the volcanoes were not "built".

[mysterious music]

And how to explain these
16 180 km between the sites

without relying
once more on sheer luck?

It is very simple in fact.

the builders of Giza
had to position this site

according to Easter Island

which they must have
known about,

same as the metric system.

[mysterious music]

A private geologist,
who is not seeking recognition

shared with me
his surprising observations,

humbly thinking that he was not able
to draw conclusions on his own.

First, he found that Easter Island

was located
on a hot point of the Earth,

points that have the surprising
particularity to remain fixed

while the Earth's crust is moving.

Which means that,
millions of years ago,

there was no certainty
that Easter Island

was located above this hot point.

Then, he realized that
the alignment of he sites

on this great circle
are located on what we call

"zones of discontinuity
of the Earth's crust"

which means, simply said,

the equivalent of the junction
of 2 stone blocks.

If shaken,
this is where it will break.

There are obviously
other zones of discontinuity

on the Earth's crust

but the important fact is that
each site of this great circle

is located precisely
over a discontinuity point.

This geologist could not explain

why one would have built
temples at places

where they were
the most at risk of collapsing,

when only a few kilometers away,
it would have been much safer.

Worse, when
the discontinuity point is at sea

then the site is built
as close as possible to land,

which is the case for Nazca,

where the ocean and the Andes
land formations

did not leave much choice
in regards to its location.

Why confer such an importance
to these discontinuity points?

The placement
of sites around the world

at specific longitude distances
from one another,

and those longitude distances
are all part

of the ancient system of numbers

that we find in myths and traditions
all around the world.

And that system of numbers
are generated

by the precessional wobble
of the Earth's axis.

It's a number system
based on the number 72,

and there's
an astonishing number

of ancient monuments
around the world

that are precisely
separated from one another

in terms of degrees of longitude
by that number system.

- These sites are therefore
located on a great circle

but not just any circle.

The North pole of this great circle
is in Canada,

in the north west
of British Columbia.

[mysterious music]

And this happens to be the place
where the magnetic pole oscillates.

The pole, indicated
by the compasses

is the one
that enables life on earth.

It also generates a magnetic field
that filters solar radiation,

enabling life and also allowing us
to produce electricity.

Is this the reason Francis Mazière
spoke of a "magnetic equator",

referring
to ancient esoteric tradition?

Like any group of humans,

the world of esoterism
is not free from ideological bias

but this is no reason
to discard information

especially when it could resonate
with modern science.

This late discovery

regarding the existence
of the Earth's magnetic field

was made by the Englishman
William Gilbert in 1600's.

Similar to that of another
researcher, and it allowed me

to better understand the building
of these ancient sites.

Ian S.Stewart, from
the University of Plymouth

wondered why the ancient Greeks
decided to build temples

precisely on spots
subject to seismic activity.

Journalists jokingly wondered

whether Greeks worshipped
some Earthquake cult.

You know, cults, gods,

all the folklore
of our semi-naked ancestors.

[somber music]

For this researcher,

reasons could be both spiritual
and perhaps medical,

since he realized these sites
had pristine water sources.

I don't believe any of this has much
to do with some ritualistic cult

at least not the way
we think of them.

Ask for an expert
in civil engineering.

A polygonal assemblage,
therefore non-periodic

stands better against earthquakes
than our modern walls

made of same size bricks.

Here again,
on earthquake-prone sites,

they built
earthquake-proof structures.

This is what I had already seen on
the hill of the Nymphs, in Athens.

[epic music]

And on Easter Island,
the site of Te Pito Kura,

navel of the world, this egg-shaped
stone which is magnetic.

A lot of stones are magnetic.

you can check that
with a compass.

But how do you know about it
without a compass?

Is it yet again a coincidence
if this sacred stone

is specifically magnetic

and set on a discontinuity point
of the Earth's crust,

and even more, on a hot point?

Same thing in Giza

where the Great Pyramid
is located

over a remarkable point
of the Earth's crust,

where they built the high chamber
with granite slabs

that they had to get painstakingly
from about 900 km away.

One can keep thinking

the only reason
for this structure's existence

was to glorify God
and its earthly representative

the despotic
and megalomaniac Kheops.

You can think what you wish.

What can we learn from all of this?

That these sites are built

in the most
earthquake-sensitive areas

in regard to the geological
activity of our planet.

That they belong
to the Great Circle,

our magnetic equator,

which might be related to the
magnetic activity of our planet.

That we carefully place
specific stones

in particular locations
on the Earth.

- The separation
in degrees of longitude

between Giza
and Angkor is 72.

- Which is yet another way
to talk about the proportions

between these sites
of the Great Circle.

But after discovering the Golden
Ratio and the metric system,

we go into degrees.

Unless this is by chance, again,

that we run into whole numbers
when measuring degrees

between Giza and Angkor Vat.

[epic music]

Nothing in common
at first glance, right?

But are you sure
you saw everything?

Take this, for example.

Polygonal shape of stones.

[percussive music]

Shape of the paving stones.

A specific system
of anchoring of the stones.

And even symmetries.

[percussive music continues]

The stones are not
particularly large,

and their work closely
resembles European cathedrals.

If Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm or Bayon

are indeed dated back
to the Middle Ages,

they do seem to be inspired
by the same style

as in Peru, Easter Island or Egypt.

The question is more
in regards to their location

as these temples were built
on the ruins of an ancient complex.

and spread over almost
250 square kilometers.

- Even the name "Angkor"
has a meaning

in the Ancient Egyptian language.

Angkor means "Life to the Horus"

Archeologists say it's all
a coincidence but I wonder

if something
deeper is going on.

Some deeper game.

They all share this common DNA,

this common legacy that goes
right back to the beginning.

- Graham Hancock and John Grigsby
demonstrated in 1998

that the whole of the site

was also positioned
according to the stars,

on the constellation
of the dragon.

This is another common point

to all the archaeological
sites of our past

to reflect a specific position
of the skies at a given time.

- Gobekli Tepe encodes
the winter solstice

12 800 years ago.

Giza encodes the equinox
12 800 years ago

The three pyramids on the ground,

the great Sphinx,
the constellation of Leo,

Orion, the Milky Way,
they're all part of the picture.

Mathieu Laveau and Georges Vermard

also got interested
in the connection

between the site of Giza
and the Orion constellation,

same as Robert Bauval.

- 10 500 years prior to our era,

or 12 500 years ago,

a time relatively close
to the beginning

of the Younger Dryas period.

Graham Hancock mentioned
an astronomical cycle of the Earth

called
precession of the equinoxes.

The reason why one refers
to equinoxes and constellations.

As explained by Mathieu Laveau
regarding Giza,

these constellations,
once transferred to the ground,

would work as time stamps

But what is
the precession of the equinoxes?

In reality,
with respect to the Earth,

stars are not fixed over time.

the sky looks like it is moving on
whole of 1° every 72 years.

and you will need almost
26 000 years for a whole circle.

One turn of the Celestial Wheel.

It is called a Zodiac.

[mysterious music]

To find our way in this zodiac

we connect the stars together,
which creates shapes,

which then permits us
to easily identify

these periods in the sky.

This is a gigantic
astronomical clock

that never goes wrong.

As per Plato,
a tour of the zodiac

lasts precisely
25 920 years.

Modern science establishes it
at 25 760 years.

That Plato managed

to obtain such a close estimate,
2500 years ago,

is an enigma that does not seem
to interest anyone.

Let's give him credit

and let's take the value
of 25 920 years,

Which represents a "big year",
divided into 12 months, or eras,

each lasting about
2 160 years.

When talking about the modern era,

it is probably in relation
to the era of the Pisces

which started about 2000 years ago.

See our famous
fishermen in Catholicism.

And consider this:
each of the precessional eras

is carefully represented
on the ancient sites.

- There's no doubt the Ancients
paid attention to those.

During the age of Taurus,
the bull

was the primary icon
in Ancient Egypt

and in Ancient Mesopotamia.

As we shift into the age of Aries

suddenly rams
become the primary icon

Just look at that column
of ram-headed sphinxes

at Karnak, for example,

As we shift again
into the age of Pisces,

suddenly, it's the fish.

The early Christians
used the fish as their symbol.

So ancient cultures
were aware of this

and these broad changes
in the heavens

do seem to be accompanied
by broad changes on Earth.

- According to ancient myths
and beliefs of various people,

Earth fits into cycles.

The most famous being
that of the Mayan suns

or that of the 4 ages of the Earth.

As per the doctrine of Hermeticism
the science of Hermes,

which despite bearing
the name of a Greek God,

actually dates back
to ancient Egypt.

So it is a question of cycles
or periods of time.

Throughout history,

the end of Time
has often been mentioned.

but more in reference
to the end of "a" time.

The end of a precessional era.

Was this what French writer André
Malraux was referring to when saying

"The 21st century shall be
spiritual, or won't be at all"?

But what is the importance
of the procession of the equinoxes?

For us, I do not know.
But for them, it was important.

They were convinced
that the planets,

the gods
often representing these planets,

had an influence
on the destiny of humankind.

The idea of the planet-gods
is evident in Ancient Greece,

where the Antykithera Mechanism,

which allows to establish
with stupefying precision

the position of our stars,

could have a new meaning?

But if Aries and Taurus
are indeed marking correctly

the corresponding
astronomical eras,

what is to be said about the Sphinx
in Giza, connected to the Lion?

The previous era of the Lion started
indeed about 13 000 years ago

just before the beginning
of the Younger Dryas period.

It was at the time

when I was wondering
about the meaning of all of this

that the results
came back from Barabar.

We had indeed decided to go
back there for a very short time

with a 3D scanner
and someone to operate it.

A sound level meter
for acoustic studies,

a laser level to measure
horizontality, verticality,

and to check the regularity
of the curves.

[mysterious humming]

The images you will see
are the result of 3D scans

done by a laser rotating double-beam
all over the surfaces.

They are the equivalent of an MRI.

The impacts of the lasers
determine millions of points

allowing to later recreate volumes
with a precision to the millimeter

and to obtain
tri-dimensional pictures

which I will show you in raw form,
with no touch-up.

Let's start
with the two unfinished caves.

[intriguing ambiance]

Then on to the completed caves.

We can see a logical evolution
of the shapes.

The first one
is a trapeze-shaped cave

with a vaulted ceiling,

entryway in its width.

[intriguing ambiance]

The second one is trapeze-shaped
with a vaulted ceiling,

entryway in its length.

[intriguing ambiance]

The third one is entirely vaulted,
entryway in its width

and the back wall is curved.

[intriguing ambiance]

The fourth one is trapeze-shaped
with a vaulted ceiling,

entryway in its length,

curved at each of its extremities.

[intriguing ambiance]

The fifth one is the most complex,

trapeze-shaped
with a vaulted ceiling,

hemisphere over a cylinder,
truncated at one end.

[intriguing ambiance]

This is what was accomplished
in granite about 2 300 years ago,

in India.

These caves are the oldest
of their kind in India

and for some unknown reason

all those built in the centuries
that followed never managed

the same level of precision
and finish once constructed.

Using material
harder than reinforced steel,

complex shapes were built
with a degree of precision

ranging from 2 to 8 millimeters

over a length
often exceeding 13 meters.

this is more than a
"good enough for the eye" work.

These caves are the most
vertically symmetrical,

a real accomplishment, given
the available means at the time.

Let us put aside the question
about the tools

that enabled the constructions
of the caves

under such conditions and discuss
the geometry of the shapes.

Vapiyaka,

Karan Chopar,

Gopika

and the Sudama room
all contain trapezoidal sections.

The vertical walls are
in fact slightly tilted

with a constant angle
of less than three degrees.

In these rooms
with trapezoidal sections

we place portions of cylinders
in the form of arcs

whose central axe height varies
from one cave to the other.

In Vapiyaka,

the axe is located approximately
13 cm over the floor.

In Karan Chopar,

the axis is located approximately
1,20 m over the floor.

In the room in Sudama,

the axis is located approximately
1,10 m over the floor.

But in Gopika,
it is more complicated

since the axe is located
approximately 47 cm under the floor.

Building an arc whose axis
is located 47 cm under the floor

greatly complicates measurements
during its construction.

A requirement
to verify proper curvature.

Nothing mandates that arcs
be made from portions of cylinders

unless this is explicitly required.

And everything is done
with a glass finish.

Let us simplify things.

We do not aim
for such precision for no reason.

In the case of the caves,

it must have been a necessary part
of the architectural specifications.

Construction plans with such precise
dimensions had a specific reason,

all which enlightens us
about the knowledge and the skills

required for their execution,

which would have required
at least one engineer

and several highly skilled
laborers during construction.

Something that appears
quite advanced

with respect to the knowledge

and the technical means
available during the Ashoka period,

indicated by the quality
in the realization of the porch

and the inscriptions
on certain caves.

OK, but why construct
such peculiar rooms?

Something surprising
about the caves is the sound,

and the way it propagates due to
the slight inclination of the walls,

which leads
to a suppression of echo

in favor of acoustic resonance.

If it is not
an extraordinary coincidence,

which is likely when confronted
with the evidence,

then where can
the preliminary tests

leading to such degree
of expertise be found?

Once again, like with
the Antikythera mechanism,

it was necessary to experiment,
to conceive prototypes.

Caves of such precisions are not
conceivable without prior tests.

Yet no prototype is found anywhere

other than these two
incomplete caves.

And the work performed
in the following centuries in India

would never equal, or come close
to the level of these masterpieces.

These spaces behave
like resonance chambers.

Tests conducted in the Sudama cave

show that when one is placed
in the center of the dome,

certain frequencies make precise
parts of the organism vibrate.

But Let's be more concrete.
Data analysis using a sonometer

yields incredible results
for three of the caves.

Measurements taken in the last two

are not sufficient at the moment
and will need further completion.

Let us start by Karan Chopar.

This cave resonates
at a frequency of 200 Hz

as well as at multiples
of this frequency:

400 Hz, 800 Hz,
1000 Hz and 1200 Hz.

Gopika resonates at 200 Hz

400 Hz, 800 Hz and 1200 hz.

And Vadathika resonates
at 200 Hz and 1000 Hz.

[loud thud]

Are you aware of the implications?

Those who conceived
and built these three caves

ith their specific shapes
and dimensions

knew that they would resonate
at these frequencies.

Can we attribute this
to mere coincidence?

Precise frequency calculations,
2300 years ago.

Since these three shapes
resonate at precise frequencies,

how can we know it
before making them?

How to calculate their dimensions?

In regards to Sudama,

the circular diameter
on the ground of the chamber

measures 6 meters,
to the millimieter.

On this complex shape
of truncated cone

they placed half a sphere
of about 3 meters in diameter

with a 5cm difference this time,

whose center is
1 meter above the ground,

give or take 1 cm.

No, I won't sell you the meter
over other measuring units

but, recurrent luck
or a hint from the builders,

this circle is about
6 meters in diameter

or Pi in royal cubits
in diameter.

Divided by 6,

the arc equals Pi
in meters.

[mysterious music]

What if I told you
these granite caves are also located

ver a discontinuity point
of Earth's crust?

It is up to each of you
to conclude what you want

in regard to these masterpieces.

That with the help
of chisels and good will

builders might have accomplished
this useless miracle

or maybe we are indeed facing

the illustration of a science
totally unknown to us.

Ritualistic or religious reason

or remnants of a science
misunderstood and forgotten?

I believe we have greatly mistaken

about the true function
of these sacred temples

of our past.

If one spends so much energy
maneuvering such massive stones.

Of one adjusts
and fits them so precisely.

Of one positions them

at the intersections
of the magnetic equator

with discontinuity points.

If one builds them
with such unique rocks.

If one uses such special numbers.

If one meticulously orients
the structures with the stars,

it is obviously because
there is more to it.

We still have a lot to learn
from Barabar and Giza.

I am sure.

[hopeful music]

Before placing the last and
necessary piece of this puzzle

I will restate
what we have thus found.

Enigmatic ancient sites

built according
to similar techniques

everywhere on the planet implying
a transmission of knowledge.

Absence of archives or explanations

about the means
and techniques utilized.

A particular care
in the choice of rocks.

Unfinished elements.

[mysterious music]

An advanced design accompanied
by a precise construction

contrary to the knowledge
and simple means

supposedly used at the time.

Astronomical orientation
of major sites

in reference to the precession
of the equinoxes.

An archaeological site
pushing back the certainty

of the beginnings
of human sedentarization

to the start of the last era

of brutal climate changes of our
planet, about 13 000 years ago.

An archaeological site implying
the use of sound frequencies

for reasons still unknown.

Presence of the
Golden Ratio geometry

opposing the knowledge
commonly attributed at the time

A connection between the cubit
of the Great Pyramid,

the royal Quine and the meter.

implying a knowledge
of the dimensions of the Earth

before its measurement in 1795

and its transmission
throughout the ages.

The positioning of ancient sites
within a geometric planetary frame

connected to the Golden Ratio,

the dregrees
and the metric system.

The location of sites
at the intersection of points

of discontinuity of Earth's crust

and the magnetic equator.

Scriptures, myths
or sacred texts mentioning one

or more advanced
civilisations vanishing

confirmed at various places
by the discovery of remains.

Facing all these facts and
connections,

I put forward that
instead of chance, I choose

what seems to be
the most rational explanation.

The existence of a very advanced
civilisation in the past

who would have disappeared
following a cataclysm.

I have wondered how it could
have transmitted its knowledge

through a unique way
to see the world.

not knowing whether it could be

understood
by other civilizations after it.

And it appeared to me,
in all its splendor.

So, "genius builders” or
"fruit of our imagination"?

[epic music]

In the Apocalypse
according to St John,

the prophetic text ending
the New Testament of the Christians,

he mentions the end
of a particular era.

One may read this
rather enigmatic sentence.

On a card of the Marseille tarot,
the arcane 21, called "The World"

one may find these 3 animals

as well as the man,
represented by an angel.

We are told about
astronomical constellations.

Taurus, Lion, Scorpio
that used to be the Eagle,

and Aquarius,
formerly the angel.

Aldebaraan, Regulus,
Antares and Fomalhaut.

The Fixed Cross
of the Elders.

Printed in a double square
on the Tarot card.

A double square opening
to the Golden Ratio geometry.

Contrary to popular belief,

"apocalypse" in Greek
does not mean "the end of the world"

but "disclosure of knowledge".

A religious scripture,
a card game, structures

Multiple communication mediums

conveying
the same invisible knowledge

to those who don't know
how to read it,

But will keep playing it
and telling stories

since this is the way humans are.

In the animal kingdom
which we belong to,

game has always been
the best learning aide.

Similar to the stories
that we are told

and are sometimes teaching us,
without even seeming to.

[mysterious music]

This type of transmission

would have more chance
to hide from the various powers

that inevitably appeared
on our planet,

with the disturbing habit
to try and rewrite the past,

to better justify
their domineering position.

But they will always let people
play and tell tales.

Even the almighty Church

with its tetramorph supposedly
representing the 4 evangelists

Mathew, Mark, Luke and John

would not have
seen anything.

[mysterious music]

Otherwise why would it reverse
the Lion and the Taurus?

It may have all been
laid before our eyes

everywhere all the time,
and since the beginning.

Ways to transmit,
throughout thousands of years

information
impossible to understand

before reaching
a certain level of development.

What an extraordinary act of wisdom
provided by these builders.

And what an extraordinary
lesson of humility

and self-sacrifice
from these humble people

who discreetly transmitted
this precious information

throughout time

for the time when we will be
able to understand it again.

Given what we can see regarding
these complex structures,

it appears that we are still
very far away

from reaching
their level of knowledge

and simplicity
in expression,

which I find is truly genius.

Which makes it impossible
to comprehend to the eyes of those

who see without seeing and have
no other choice than to giggle,

For with the caves at Barabar,

the sound and science of frequencies

comes into play
through the front door.

The one,
open but not understood

of the High Chamber
of the Great Pyramid at Giza,

also made of granite,

seemingly a concentration
of all of our ancestors' knowledge.

This prodigious High Chamber

protected by such
an inefficient security system

that considering their high level
of technical mastery

we could only see as symbolic.

A system that would lead one
to expect a precious treasure

But there is nothing more
than an austere granite trunk

too big to pass through the door
and the hallways.

Why?

The ritualistic
or religious explanation

prevents further thinking.

However
after all that we have seen

its significance is self evident.

This chamber contains
the ultimate treasure.

The treasure of knowledge.

It's a sublime
mathematical symphony.

The true music of the spheres,

written in the universal
language of the numbers,

creating
the invisible frame of our world.

[ominous music]

For the few experiences
I could have in this chamber

the sound seems to play
an important role.

The spectral audio analysis

performed on the voice
recording data in this room

exhibits a set a frequences
sensibly equal

to that found in the three
first caves of Barabar.

It is possible it consists,
as in Barabar,

of the ancient musical skill,
based on 432 Hz.

But all requires further analysis

with more sophisticated material.

But what if I suspect is proving

the perspectives
are mind-blowing.

This debauchery
of technical prowess

accomplished
all around our planet,

in specific locations that can only
be determined with certainty

with the help of an elaborate
scientific knowledge,

all these clues left
everywhere around us

represent in my eyes,

the indisputable trace
of these builders.

[epic music]

These builders,
whose recollection

seems to be
lost in the memory,

but whose footprints, left in stone,
are more than eloquent.

These footprints,
we also find in scriptures.

To the readers of the Koran,

I wish to dedicate
this sentence.

And to those reading the Bible,
this one.

For the site of Gobekli Tepe
does not cry out.

It screams.
And it is not the only one.

[ominous music]

If we exclude from the equations
the disrupting elements,

then one will not find
what one is looking for.

It is the same thing
when an archaeologist

who does not believe
in the existence

of sophisticated mechanical
tools in the past

does not see the point
in measuring a surface

with the roughness-measuring
device or to scan it in 3D.

If he is already convinced

that it is
the by-product of basic tools

then why bother checking?

This goes against
the true scientific approach

which, since Descartes,

needs to wipe the slate clean

of assumptions
and prejudice.

At the end of the 18th century

a scientist as brilliant
as Lavoisier

was smiling at the fact

that stones might be able
to fall from the sky.

A few decades before the existence
of meteorites was proven.

So be let's be prudent.

since tomorrow's science
will probably

shatter today's convictions.

The hypothesis of a lost
civilisation is disruptive.

Most of the time it is ridiculed
and those who defend this theory

as serious as they might be,
are ignored,

which prevents us from
discussing their arguments.

As educated as one may be,

no one is exempt from their own
prejudice and emotions

otherwise, how would we explain
that such a hypothesis

could bother us so much?

For this reason, I wanted to pay
respect to all these researchers

who are fighting silently
away from all of the media's chaos

and mockeries of their colleagues

Because in the end
only the facts count.

In summary
what I am trying to say

is that we will most likely need
to change our way of thinking

if we want to understand the science

of these builders
of the ancient world.

I know it is not easy
to reconsider

the founding principles
of our society,

on which we have built
our current vision of the world.

Yet all these kings,
emperors, dictators,

political leaders
and religious heads

throughout our history have
each time arranged the stories,

erased the records
of the losers

and surely wiped out
or rewritten the past

in order to legitimize their power.

[epic music]

But the structures from the past
are speaking to us

if we deign listen to them.

The city of Caral
shows it is possible

to live a long period in time
without any conflict.

Ancient Egypt also, since it did not
start any expansion wars.

The Inca Empire again,
who showed us that

if all the people were not
properly integrated

in the respect of their identity

and not by force, sooner
or later, conflict would ensue.

Our Earth also,
is perhaps speaking to us.

Our magnetic pole has sped up
its pace in the last 30 years

and one would need to be blind

not to see
that our climate is disrupted.

The ground is rumbling
more often and more loudly.

We still have so much to discover

it is now up to you to go
and see these sites.

Wake up!

[whooshing]

[mysterious music]