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1
00:00:12,346 --> 00:00:15,307
Tea trolley's going
if anybody wants some, girls.
2
00:00:33,117 --> 00:00:34,618
We need a house light.
3
00:00:46,297 --> 00:00:47,548
Cyril...
4
00:01:31,759 --> 00:01:33,635
Come on, stay quiet.
5
00:01:33,636 --> 00:01:35,094
Action.
6
00:01:35,095 --> 00:01:38,181
In the year of
Sixteen hundred and nine
7
00:01:38,182 --> 00:01:41,226
Science's light
Began to shine
8
00:01:41,227 --> 00:01:44,604
At Padua City
In a modest house
9
00:01:44,605 --> 00:01:49,525
Galileo Galilei
10
00:01:49,526 --> 00:01:51,528
Set out to prove
11
00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:56,616
- The sun is still
- The Earth is on the move
12
00:01:56,617 --> 00:01:58,243
The sun is still
13
00:01:58,244 --> 00:01:59,786
The Earth is on the move
14
00:01:59,787 --> 00:02:03,873
The Earth is on the move
15
00:02:03,874 --> 00:02:10,839
The Earth
is on the move
16
00:02:34,738 --> 00:02:36,281
Where did you get that thing?
17
00:02:36,282 --> 00:02:39,325
- A coachman brought it.
- Who sent it?
18
00:02:39,326 --> 00:02:40,994
It said "Court of Naples."
19
00:02:40,995 --> 00:02:43,205
I don't want
their stupid presents.
20
00:02:43,956 --> 00:02:45,540
Illuminated manuscripts,
21
00:02:45,541 --> 00:02:48,209
a statue of Hercules
the size of an elephant.
22
00:02:48,210 --> 00:02:50,003
They never send money.
23
00:02:50,004 --> 00:02:53,006
But isn't this an astronomical instrument,
Mr. Galilei?
24
00:02:53,007 --> 00:02:54,882
Ooh, it's an antique, too.
25
00:02:54,883 --> 00:02:56,926
An expensive toy.
26
00:02:56,927 --> 00:02:59,220
- What's it for?
- It's a map of the sky
27
00:02:59,221 --> 00:03:02,265
according to the wise men
of Ancient Greece.
28
00:03:02,266 --> 00:03:04,726
We'll try and sell it
to the university.
29
00:03:04,727 --> 00:03:06,270
They still teach it there.
30
00:03:07,563 --> 00:03:10,316
- How's it work, sir?
- Oh, it's complicated.
31
00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:13,319
I think I could understand it.
32
00:03:13,944 --> 00:03:14,903
Maybe.
33
00:03:15,821 --> 00:03:17,822
Let's begin at the beginning.
34
00:03:17,823 --> 00:03:19,033
Description?
35
00:03:20,034 --> 00:03:21,785
There are lots of metal rings.
36
00:03:23,787 --> 00:03:24,913
How many?
37
00:03:26,123 --> 00:03:27,206
Eight.
38
00:03:27,207 --> 00:03:29,334
Correct. And?
39
00:03:29,335 --> 00:03:31,127
There are words painted on them.
40
00:03:31,128 --> 00:03:32,838
What words?
41
00:03:33,005 --> 00:03:34,548
The names of the stars.
42
00:03:36,133 --> 00:03:39,802
- Such as?
- Well, here's a band with the sun on it.
43
00:03:39,803 --> 00:03:41,929
And on the inside band
is the moon.
44
00:03:41,930 --> 00:03:46,517
Those metal bands represent
eight crystal spheres,
45
00:03:46,518 --> 00:03:50,188
like huge glass globes,
one inside the other.
46
00:03:50,189 --> 00:03:52,648
The stars are supposed to be
tacked onto them.
47
00:03:52,649 --> 00:03:55,151
Spin the band
with the sun on it.
48
00:03:55,152 --> 00:03:57,320
You see the fixed ball
right in the middle?
49
00:03:57,321 --> 00:03:59,197
- Yes.
- That's the Earth.
50
00:03:59,198 --> 00:04:02,283
For two thousand years,
man has chosen to believe
51
00:04:02,284 --> 00:04:06,829
that the sun and all the host of stars
revolve about him.
52
00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:10,375
The Pope, the cardinals,
the princes,
53
00:04:10,376 --> 00:04:12,877
the scholars,
the merchants and the fish wives
54
00:04:12,878 --> 00:04:16,672
have all pictured themselves squatting
in the middle of an affair like that.
55
00:04:16,673 --> 00:04:18,884
- Locked up inside?
- Mm-hmm.
56
00:04:19,051 --> 00:04:22,428
- It's like a cage.
- So you felt that, too.
57
00:04:22,429 --> 00:04:25,473
But we are pulling out of
that old contraption now.
58
00:04:25,474 --> 00:04:26,724
How ?
59
00:04:26,725 --> 00:04:29,227
I'd like to think
the ships began it.
60
00:04:29,228 --> 00:04:30,812
They used to hug the shore.
61
00:04:30,813 --> 00:04:32,522
Then all of a sudden,
they left the coast
62
00:04:32,523 --> 00:04:34,524
and hunched
out onto the oceans.
63
00:04:34,525 --> 00:04:36,818
All sorts of things
were set in movement,
64
00:04:36,819 --> 00:04:39,153
including the minds of men.
65
00:04:39,154 --> 00:04:41,697
It was the opening
of a new age.
66
00:04:41,698 --> 00:04:44,992
In Siena,
when I was a young man,
67
00:04:44,993 --> 00:04:48,454
I saw some masons trying to lift
a block of granite.
68
00:04:48,455 --> 00:04:52,750
After talking it over
for just five minutes,
69
00:04:52,751 --> 00:04:56,754
they ditched a method
that had been in use for centuries...
70
00:04:56,755 --> 00:05:00,925
and found a new, more efficient way
of applying the ropes.
71
00:05:00,926 --> 00:05:05,138
I remember thinking then,
the millennium of faith is ended.
72
00:05:05,139 --> 00:05:07,265
This is the millennium of doubt.
73
00:05:07,266 --> 00:05:09,475
Everything is called in doubt
today.
74
00:05:09,476 --> 00:05:12,812
Everybody at last wants to know
why's this? How's that?
75
00:05:12,813 --> 00:05:15,983
That's what the books say,
but let's see for ourselves!
76
00:05:17,734 --> 00:05:20,445
I predict that in our time,
77
00:05:20,446 --> 00:05:23,990
astronomy will become
the talk of the marketplace
78
00:05:23,991 --> 00:05:28,161
and that the sons of fishwives
will go to school.
79
00:05:28,162 --> 00:05:33,624
And with any luck, they'll learn that
the Earth rolls 'round the sun
80
00:05:33,625 --> 00:05:37,086
and that the Pope,
the cardinals, the princes,
81
00:05:37,087 --> 00:05:40,339
the scholars, the merchants
and the fishwives,
82
00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:43,385
their mothers
are rolling with it.
83
00:05:45,929 --> 00:05:48,806
The stars must now positively
84
00:05:48,807 --> 00:05:52,602
be regarded as spinning rocks
hurdling through darkness.
85
00:05:52,603 --> 00:05:55,563
It seems clear
the star we live on
86
00:05:55,564 --> 00:05:57,482
moves at
an inconceivable speed.
87
00:05:57,483 --> 00:05:59,484
But are we frightened? No.
88
00:05:59,485 --> 00:06:01,277
We are in favor.
89
00:06:01,278 --> 00:06:03,154
What does the poet say,
Andrea?
90
00:06:03,155 --> 00:06:06,657
- "Oh, early morning--"
- "Oh, early morning of beginnings,
91
00:06:06,658 --> 00:06:09,453
oh, breath of winds
that cometh from new shores."
92
00:06:11,121 --> 00:06:13,164
But I can see
with my own eyes
93
00:06:13,165 --> 00:06:15,958
that the sun comes up
in one place in the morning
94
00:06:15,959 --> 00:06:19,212
and goes down in a different
place in the evening.
95
00:06:19,213 --> 00:06:21,797
It doesn't stand still.
I can see it.
96
00:06:21,798 --> 00:06:23,841
You see nothing.
All you do is gawk.
97
00:06:23,842 --> 00:06:25,385
Gawking is not seeing.
98
00:06:27,262 --> 00:06:29,223
Now, there's the sun.
99
00:06:36,396 --> 00:06:38,314
Sit down.
100
00:06:38,315 --> 00:06:40,358
Where is the sun?
On your right or on your left?
101
00:06:40,359 --> 00:06:42,485
- On my left.
- And how could it get to the right?
102
00:06:42,486 --> 00:06:43,986
By your putting it there,
of course.
103
00:06:43,987 --> 00:06:45,405
Of course.
104
00:06:47,074 --> 00:06:49,116
- Now where's the sun?
- On my right.
105
00:06:49,117 --> 00:06:51,035
- And did it move?
- No, I did.
106
00:06:51,036 --> 00:06:53,538
Wrong, stupid.
The chair moved.
107
00:06:53,539 --> 00:06:55,248
- But I was on it.
- Of course.
108
00:06:55,249 --> 00:06:57,876
The chair is the Earth,
and you are sitting on it.
109
00:07:01,463 --> 00:07:05,508
What are you doing with my son,
Mr. Galilei?
110
00:07:05,509 --> 00:07:10,179
- Mother, you don't understand.
- And I supposed you do.
111
00:07:10,180 --> 00:07:11,722
Last night,
he tried to tell me
112
00:07:11,723 --> 00:07:14,475
a feather falls as fast
as a cannonball.
113
00:07:14,476 --> 00:07:17,853
We seem to be on the threshold
of a new era, Mrs. Sarti.
114
00:07:17,854 --> 00:07:20,815
Well, I hope we can pay the milkman
in this new era.
115
00:07:20,816 --> 00:07:23,067
A young gentleman is here
to take private lessons,
116
00:07:23,068 --> 00:07:27,154
and he's well-dressed, so don't
frighten him away like you did the others.
117
00:07:27,155 --> 00:07:30,241
Wasting your time with Andrea.
118
00:07:30,242 --> 00:07:34,788
How many times have I told you not to
wheedle free lessons out of Mr. Galilei?
119
00:07:35,539 --> 00:07:37,957
He can't afford it.
120
00:07:37,958 --> 00:07:41,628
Could I finish my milk
even if it isn't paid for?
121
00:07:45,674 --> 00:07:49,885
Andrea, I shouldn't talk
about our ideas outside.
122
00:07:49,886 --> 00:07:53,097
- Why not?
- Certain authorities won't like it.
123
00:07:53,098 --> 00:07:55,349
Why not
if it's the truth?
124
00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:57,727
The universe
of the new astronomers
125
00:07:57,728 --> 00:08:01,647
is still not much more
than a framework of guesses.
126
00:08:01,648 --> 00:08:03,024
So...
127
00:08:03,025 --> 00:08:05,027
I want to be an astronomer.
128
00:08:07,988 --> 00:08:09,989
This house
is like a marketplace!
129
00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:12,784
Good morning, sir.
My name is Ludovico Marsili.
130
00:08:15,203 --> 00:08:17,664
Hmm. Hold it.
131
00:08:21,376 --> 00:08:25,671
Mm. You came by way
of Holland.
132
00:08:25,672 --> 00:08:29,717
And your family owns property
in the Campagna.
133
00:08:29,718 --> 00:08:31,802
Private lessons,
ten scudi a month.
134
00:08:31,803 --> 00:08:33,095
That's all right,
of course, sir.
135
00:08:33,096 --> 00:08:35,389
- What's your subject?
- Horses.
136
00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:37,893
Oh, in that case,
15 scudi a month.
137
00:08:38,060 --> 00:08:39,227
That's all right.
138
00:08:41,271 --> 00:08:42,397
Andrea.
139
00:08:45,275 --> 00:08:48,110
You'll have to be patient
with me, sir.
140
00:08:48,111 --> 00:08:50,655
Science
makes no sense to me.
141
00:08:50,656 --> 00:08:53,199
Take that tube affair
I saw in Amsterdam.
142
00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:57,078
It had a green leather casing
and two pieces of glass, one at each end.
143
00:08:57,079 --> 00:09:00,666
One bulged
and the other was like... was like that.
144
00:09:02,376 --> 00:09:06,880
As far as I can see, one reduces,
the other enlarges.
145
00:09:07,047 --> 00:09:09,340
Any normal person would expect them
to cancel each other out,
146
00:09:09,341 --> 00:09:10,633
but they didn't.
147
00:09:10,634 --> 00:09:12,843
Things look five times as large as life.
148
00:09:12,844 --> 00:09:15,680
What sort of things
did they enlarge?
149
00:09:15,681 --> 00:09:19,725
Church steeples, pigeons, boats,
anything at a distance.
150
00:09:19,726 --> 00:09:22,729
- Did you look through it yourself?
- Yes, sir.
151
00:09:23,939 --> 00:09:24,898
Hmm.
152
00:09:28,485 --> 00:09:32,864
The tube... had two lenses.
153
00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:37,910
- Was it like this?
- Yes, but--
154
00:09:37,911 --> 00:09:40,913
- A recent invention?
- It must be.
155
00:09:40,914 --> 00:09:44,418
They only started peddling it on the
streets a few days before I left Holland.
156
00:09:45,669 --> 00:09:48,421
Hmm. Why...
157
00:09:48,422 --> 00:09:51,298
Why do you bother your head
with science?
158
00:09:51,299 --> 00:09:54,343
Why don't you just
breed horses?
159
00:09:54,344 --> 00:09:56,846
My mother says science
is necessary nowadays.
160
00:09:56,847 --> 00:09:58,097
For conversation.
161
00:09:58,098 --> 00:10:02,185
Why not try Latin or theology?
162
00:10:09,735 --> 00:10:11,653
I'll see you
on Tuesday afternoon.
163
00:10:12,946 --> 00:10:15,490
- Thank you, sir.
- Good morning.
164
00:10:24,166 --> 00:10:26,834
Don't look at me like that.
165
00:10:26,835 --> 00:10:28,253
I took him, didn't I?
166
00:10:29,921 --> 00:10:32,923
I caught your eye just in time.
167
00:10:32,924 --> 00:10:35,469
The treasurer of the university
is here to see you.
168
00:10:36,887 --> 00:10:38,346
Mr. Priuli?
169
00:10:43,059 --> 00:10:46,562
- Good morning, Mr. Galilei.
- Good morning, Priuli.
170
00:10:46,563 --> 00:10:48,482
Lend me a scudo.
171
00:10:57,949 --> 00:11:00,159
Sarti, give this to Andrea.
172
00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:04,038
Tell him to run to the spectacle maker
and bring me two lenses.
173
00:11:04,039 --> 00:11:05,707
Here are the measurements.
174
00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:13,131
Now, Mr. Galilei...
175
00:11:14,841 --> 00:11:18,844
I have come to return your petition
for an increase in salary.
176
00:11:18,845 --> 00:11:23,266
Unfortunately, I am unable
to recommend your request.
177
00:11:23,892 --> 00:11:26,310
My clear sir,
178
00:11:26,311 --> 00:11:30,898
how can I be expected
to make ends meet on 500 scudi ?
179
00:11:30,899 --> 00:11:34,193
What about
your private students?
180
00:11:34,194 --> 00:11:37,364
If all I spend my time teaching,
when am Ito learn?
181
00:11:38,573 --> 00:11:39,907
My particular science
182
00:11:39,908 --> 00:11:43,285
is on the threshold
of important discoveries.
183
00:11:43,286 --> 00:11:46,497
Here are my findings
on the laws of falling bodies.
184
00:11:46,498 --> 00:11:48,916
That should be worth
200 scudi more.
185
00:11:48,917 --> 00:11:52,253
Any paper of yours is of infinite worth,
Mr. Galilei.
186
00:11:52,254 --> 00:11:54,672
I was limiting it to 200.
187
00:11:54,673 --> 00:11:57,842
If you want money
and leisure, go to Florence.
188
00:11:57,843 --> 00:12:00,637
I have no doubt that Medici
would be glad to subsidize you.
189
00:12:02,055 --> 00:12:03,806
Eventually, however,
190
00:12:03,807 --> 00:12:06,893
you will be forbidden to think
in the name of the Inquisition.
191
00:12:08,395 --> 00:12:12,481
Now, you-- You're happy here
in the Republic of Venice.
192
00:12:12,482 --> 00:12:15,151
But you need money.
It's only human.
193
00:12:16,319 --> 00:12:19,614
May I suggest a simple solution?
194
00:12:21,908 --> 00:12:24,619
Our city elders
are businessmen.
195
00:12:26,329 --> 00:12:31,292
Why don't you
invent something useful
196
00:12:31,293 --> 00:12:34,753
uh, that will bring them in
a little profit?
197
00:12:34,754 --> 00:12:36,505
Remember that chart
you made for the army?
198
00:12:36,506 --> 00:12:38,299
Even General Stefano Gritti
199
00:12:38,300 --> 00:12:39,758
could extract cube roots
with it.
200
00:12:39,759 --> 00:12:42,511
- Now that was practical.
- Bosh!
201
00:12:42,512 --> 00:12:44,930
It astounded
the chiefs of staff.
202
00:12:44,931 --> 00:12:46,308
I see.
203
00:12:51,187 --> 00:12:52,314
Priuli...
204
00:12:54,190 --> 00:12:57,360
- I may have something for you.
- Ah.
205
00:13:00,697 --> 00:13:02,949
I haven't quite got there yet.
206
00:13:04,159 --> 00:13:06,035
You are a great man. A--
207
00:13:06,036 --> 00:13:09,747
A discontented man,
but I've always said you were a great man.
208
00:13:09,748 --> 00:13:14,418
My discontent, Priuli, is what you should
be paying me for if you had any sense.
209
00:13:14,419 --> 00:13:18,088
And for the most part,
it's dissatisfaction with myself.
210
00:13:18,089 --> 00:13:23,802
I'm 46 years of age, and I've achieved
nothing that satisfies me.
211
00:13:23,803 --> 00:13:26,347
I won't disturb you
any further.
212
00:13:26,348 --> 00:13:28,183
Thank you. Good morning.
213
00:13:54,709 --> 00:13:56,293
One scudo wasn't enough.
214
00:13:56,294 --> 00:13:59,463
I had to leave him my jacket
before he'd let me take them away.
215
00:13:59,464 --> 00:14:03,885
How will you
get through the winter without a jacket?
216
00:14:04,052 --> 00:14:05,887
We'll get it back someday.
217
00:14:06,054 --> 00:14:07,555
Give them to me.
218
00:14:20,902 --> 00:14:22,237
What are they for?
219
00:14:22,779 --> 00:14:24,154
Oh...
220
00:14:24,155 --> 00:14:25,991
Something for the Senate.
221
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:36,250
Come and look.
222
00:14:36,251 --> 00:14:40,338
Whew! I can read the writing
on the bell in the Capanile.
223
00:14:41,131 --> 00:14:42,882
"Gratia dei."
224
00:14:43,049 --> 00:14:45,010
Get out of the way.
225
00:14:52,892 --> 00:14:56,103
No one's virtue is complete
226
00:14:56,104 --> 00:14:59,273
Great Galileo likes to eat
227
00:14:59,274 --> 00:15:02,026
You will not resent, we hope
228
00:15:02,027 --> 00:15:05,321
The truth about
His telescope
229
00:15:35,101 --> 00:15:37,144
Gentlemen of the Senate,
230
00:15:37,145 --> 00:15:40,272
gentlemen of
the Arsenal of Venice,
231
00:15:40,273 --> 00:15:44,026
as professor of mathematics
at your University of Padova
232
00:15:44,027 --> 00:15:48,322
and chief engineer
in your great arsenal,
233
00:15:48,323 --> 00:15:51,742
your obedient servant
has always counted it
234
00:15:51,743 --> 00:15:56,830
his privilege to offer you
such discoveries and inventions
235
00:15:56,831 --> 00:16:00,042
as might prove lucrative
to the manufacturers
236
00:16:00,043 --> 00:16:04,463
and merchants
of our Venetian Republic.
237
00:16:04,464 --> 00:16:10,302
Thus, I tender you this,
my optical tube, or telescope,
238
00:16:10,303 --> 00:16:13,263
manufactured
in your great arsenal
239
00:16:13,264 --> 00:16:19,520
and constructed on the most scientific
and Christian principles.
240
00:16:19,521 --> 00:16:24,442
The product of
17 years' patient research.
241
00:16:40,250 --> 00:16:42,126
A waste of time, Sagredo.
242
00:16:42,127 --> 00:16:44,336
You'll be able to pay the butcher,
old friend.
243
00:16:44,337 --> 00:16:47,132
Yes. They'll make money
out of it.
244
00:17:03,273 --> 00:17:08,110
Gentlemen, our republic
can congratulate itself.
245
00:17:08,111 --> 00:17:13,032
Not only because this new acquisition will
be another feather in the cap of Venice...
246
00:17:14,826 --> 00:17:19,413
not only because our own Mr. Galilei
has so generously handed over
247
00:17:19,414 --> 00:17:24,001
this fresh product of his teeming brain
entirely to you
248
00:17:24,002 --> 00:17:25,627
so that you can manufacture
249
00:17:25,628 --> 00:17:29,215
as many of these highly salable articles
as you please...
250
00:17:30,884 --> 00:17:34,136
but gentlemen,
has it also occurred to you
251
00:17:34,137 --> 00:17:37,139
that with the help of this remarkable
new instrument,
252
00:17:37,140 --> 00:17:40,184
the enemy fleet
will be visible to us
253
00:17:40,185 --> 00:17:44,355
a full two hours
before we are visible to them.
254
00:17:48,318 --> 00:17:52,946
Ancl now, gentlemen, Mr. Galilei
entreats you to accept the instrument
255
00:17:52,947 --> 00:17:55,241
from the hands of his charming daughter,
Virginia.
256
00:18:02,665 --> 00:18:06,211
I don't know that I can
go through with this farce.
257
00:18:08,796 --> 00:18:12,884
You do realize it's more
than a money-making gadget.
258
00:18:13,051 --> 00:18:16,011
I turned it
on the moon last night.
259
00:18:16,012 --> 00:18:20,224
Astronomy has been held back
for three generations
260
00:18:20,225 --> 00:18:22,352
for lack of a thing like this.
261
00:18:23,394 --> 00:18:25,188
Mr. Galilei.
262
00:18:26,564 --> 00:18:29,274
It-- It's extraordinary. I--
263
00:18:29,275 --> 00:18:33,321
I could see the fortifications
of Santa Rosita.
264
00:18:36,157 --> 00:18:37,991
What about the moon?
265
00:18:37,992 --> 00:18:39,368
For one thing,
266
00:18:39,369 --> 00:18:42,163
it doesn't give off
any light of its own.
267
00:18:43,748 --> 00:18:45,375
Good heavens!
268
00:18:46,876 --> 00:18:49,128
I shall have to tell my wife
to stop bathing on the roof.
269
00:18:51,547 --> 00:18:54,133
A thing like this
is worth ten scudi apiece.
270
00:18:55,885 --> 00:18:58,763
Father, here's Ludovico
to congratulate you.
271
00:18:59,597 --> 00:19:00,847
Congratulations, sir.
272
00:19:00,848 --> 00:19:02,182
I improved it.
273
00:19:02,183 --> 00:19:04,143
Yes, sir,
I see you had it covered in red.
274
00:19:10,858 --> 00:19:13,944
Do you know what
the Milky Way is made of?
275
00:19:13,945 --> 00:19:16,113
- No.
- I do.
276
00:19:16,114 --> 00:19:19,032
Congratulations,
Mr. Galilei.
277
00:19:19,033 --> 00:19:22,077
Your extra 500 scudi a year
are secure.
278
00:19:22,078 --> 00:19:24,913
Oh. Of course,
the 500 scudi.
279
00:19:24,914 --> 00:19:27,874
Isn't it a pity
a great republic
280
00:19:27,875 --> 00:19:31,254
always has to find a pretext
to reward its great men.
281
00:19:31,421 --> 00:19:36,009
Oh, what incentive
would great men have otherwise?
282
00:19:37,343 --> 00:19:40,430
- Mr. Galilei.
- Congratulations, Mr. Galilei.
283
00:19:42,348 --> 00:19:44,183
Well clone.
Well done, sir.
284
00:19:45,143 --> 00:19:46,311
Just marvelous.
285
00:19:49,314 --> 00:19:51,231
Did 1 do it all right?
286
00:19:51,232 --> 00:19:52,691
Seemed all right to me.
287
00:19:52,692 --> 00:19:54,776
I think they're pleased
with Father.
288
00:19:54,777 --> 00:19:57,864
I think I'm beginning
to understand something about science.
289
00:20:01,117 --> 00:20:07,789
January 10, 1610
290
00:20:07,790 --> 00:20:13,545
Galileo Galilei
291
00:20:13,546 --> 00:20:20,218
Abolishes
292
00:20:20,219 --> 00:20:22,347
Heaven
293
00:20:39,364 --> 00:20:41,741
The edge of the crescent
is jagged.
294
00:20:43,159 --> 00:20:44,869
All along the dark part,
295
00:20:45,703 --> 00:20:47,413
near the shiny crescent.
296
00:20:49,082 --> 00:20:55,128
Bright particles of light
keep appearing, one after the other,
297
00:20:55,129 --> 00:20:57,172
and growing larger,
298
00:20:57,173 --> 00:21:01,760
and finally, merge
with the bright crescent.
299
00:21:01,761 --> 00:21:05,597
How do you explain
those spots of light, my friend?
300
00:21:05,598 --> 00:21:08,517
- It can't be true.
- It is true.
301
00:21:08,518 --> 00:21:10,645
They're high mountains,
Sagredo.
302
00:21:11,562 --> 00:21:13,855
- On the moon?
- Yes.
303
00:21:13,856 --> 00:21:16,274
Gigantic mountains.
304
00:21:16,275 --> 00:21:19,611
The spots of light are peaks
catching the rising sun.
305
00:21:19,612 --> 00:21:22,114
The slopes of the mountains
are still dark.
306
00:21:22,115 --> 00:21:25,909
If you look again,
you can see the sunlight moving down
307
00:21:25,910 --> 00:21:27,829
from the peaks
into the valleys.
308
00:21:31,916 --> 00:21:35,627
But this gives the lie
309
00:21:35,628 --> 00:21:40,132
to all the astronomy that's been taught
for the last 2,000 years.
310
00:21:40,133 --> 00:21:42,676
Yes,
what you are seeing now
311
00:21:42,677 --> 00:21:46,681
has been seen by no other man
beside myself.
312
00:21:49,350 --> 00:21:56,315
But the moon can't be an earth with
mountains and valleys like our own
313
00:21:56,774 --> 00:21:59,985
any more than the Earth
can be a planet.
314
00:21:59,986 --> 00:22:05,782
The moon is an earth
with mountains and valleys.
315
00:22:05,783 --> 00:22:09,035
Ancl the Earth is a planet.
316
00:22:09,036 --> 00:22:13,291
Simply another heavenly body,
one among thousands.
317
00:22:15,334 --> 00:22:19,421
As the moon appears to us,
so we appear to the moon.
318
00:22:19,422 --> 00:22:23,133
From the moon, the Earth looks
sometimes like a crescent,
319
00:22:23,134 --> 00:22:26,595
sometimes like a half-globe,
sometimes a full globe,
320
00:22:26,596 --> 00:22:29,432
and sometimes
it's not visible at all.
321
00:22:44,822 --> 00:22:48,658
Galileo,
this is frightening.
322
00:22:48,659 --> 00:22:50,661
I have discovered
something else.
323
00:22:51,579 --> 00:22:54,624
Something even more astonishing.
324
00:22:57,627 --> 00:22:59,336
There it is.
325
00:22:59,337 --> 00:23:01,964
Your miraculous optical tube.
326
00:23:03,424 --> 00:23:07,802
Do you know this product
of 17 years of patient research
327
00:23:07,803 --> 00:23:11,807
will be on sale tomorrow
for two scudi apiece?
328
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:15,936
The telescope.
329
00:23:15,937 --> 00:23:18,605
Down at the harbor
at this very moment,
330
00:23:18,606 --> 00:23:22,609
a ship from Holland
is unloading a full cargo of them.
331
00:23:22,610 --> 00:23:23,903
What have you to say?
332
00:23:27,323 --> 00:23:29,574
When I think of
the poor gentlemen of Venice
333
00:23:29,575 --> 00:23:32,118
who thought they were getting
exclusive rights.
334
00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:34,496
Why, when they took their first look
through the glass,
335
00:23:34,497 --> 00:23:39,042
it was only by the merest chance they
didn't see a peddler seven times enlarged
336
00:23:39,043 --> 00:23:42,629
selling tubes exactly like it
on the street corner.
337
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:44,506
Mr. Priuli,
338
00:23:44,507 --> 00:23:46,091
with the help of this
instrument,
339
00:23:46,092 --> 00:23:49,553
Mr. Galilei has made discoveries
that will revolutionize
340
00:23:49,554 --> 00:23:51,471
our conception of the universe.
341
00:23:51,472 --> 00:23:56,268
Mr. Galilei has provided the town
with a first-rate water pump.
342
00:23:56,269 --> 00:23:59,396
The irrigation works you designed
function splendidly.
343
00:23:59,397 --> 00:24:01,065
How was I to expect this?
344
00:24:03,859 --> 00:24:06,361
Not so fast, Priuli.
345
00:24:06,362 --> 00:24:10,366
I may be on the track
of a sensational gadget.
346
00:24:12,535 --> 00:24:16,789
Certain of the stars
appear to have regular movements.
347
00:24:18,374 --> 00:24:21,334
If there were
a clock in the sky,
348
00:24:21,335 --> 00:24:23,713
it could be seen
from anywhere.
349
00:24:25,298 --> 00:24:29,427
That might be useful
to your shipowners. Hm?
350
00:24:35,224 --> 00:24:36,850
No. I won't listen to you.
351
00:24:36,851 --> 00:24:38,727
I listened to you before,
352
00:24:38,728 --> 00:24:40,395
and as a reward for my friendship,
you made me
353
00:24:40,396 --> 00:24:42,480
the laughingstock
of the town.
354
00:24:42,481 --> 00:24:44,774
Oh, yes, you can laugh.
You got your money.
355
00:24:44,775 --> 00:24:46,818
But let me tell you this:
356
00:24:46,819 --> 00:24:52,283
You have destroyed my faith
in a lot of things, Mr. Galilei.
357
00:24:56,203 --> 00:24:58,122
This world makes me sick!
358
00:25:00,875 --> 00:25:03,002
He's almost human
when he's angry.
359
00:25:04,045 --> 00:25:05,587
Did you hear?
360
00:25:05,588 --> 00:25:09,216
A world where you can't
do business makes him sick.
361
00:25:10,843 --> 00:25:13,721
Did you know about
these Dutch instruments?
362
00:25:14,597 --> 00:25:16,014
I'd heard about them.
363
00:25:16,015 --> 00:25:17,515
But the one I made
for the arsenal
364
00:25:17,516 --> 00:25:19,768
was twice as good
as any Dutchman's.
365
00:25:19,769 --> 00:25:22,687
Besides, I needed the money.
366
00:25:22,688 --> 00:25:25,774
How can I work with a tax collector
on the doorstep?
367
00:25:25,775 --> 00:25:30,028
And my poor daughter will never acquire
a husband unless she has a dowry.
368
00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:32,280
Besides, I like books.
All kinds of books.
369
00:25:32,281 --> 00:25:35,116
And you know I don't think well
unless I eat well.
370
00:25:35,117 --> 00:25:39,287
I get my best ideas
over a good meal and a bottle of wine.
371
00:25:39,288 --> 00:25:45,753
If only I could have five years
to do nothing but research.
372
00:25:47,129 --> 00:25:49,465
What about
Copernicus' theory...
373
00:25:50,257 --> 00:25:51,676
that the Earth...
374
00:25:52,551 --> 00:25:54,553
rotates around the sun?
375
00:25:57,223 --> 00:26:01,184
I noticed something
through the telescope on Tuesday
376
00:26:01,185 --> 00:26:03,771
which might prove a step
towards even that.
377
00:26:07,733 --> 00:26:11,111
There are four lesser stars
near Jupiter.
378
00:26:11,112 --> 00:26:12,904
I happened on them
on Monday,
379
00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:16,533
but didn't take
any particular note of their position.
380
00:26:16,534 --> 00:26:18,952
On Tuesday, I looked again.
381
00:26:18,953 --> 00:26:21,371
I could've sworn they'd moved.
382
00:26:21,372 --> 00:26:23,249
I've recorded their positions.
383
00:26:26,043 --> 00:26:27,169
Now...
384
00:26:28,462 --> 00:26:30,339
they've changed again.
385
00:26:31,882 --> 00:26:33,467
Tell me what you see.
386
00:26:42,727 --> 00:26:44,395
I see three.
387
00:26:45,354 --> 00:26:46,772
Where is the fourth?
388
00:26:48,065 --> 00:26:51,235
Here are the charts.
Let's get down to work.
389
00:27:08,210 --> 00:27:14,799
The fourth must have moved 'round
behind Jupiter where we can't see it.
390
00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:20,555
That means there's a small star
revolving 'round a big star.
391
00:27:20,556 --> 00:27:23,933
Jupiter can't be fixed
to anything.
392
00:27:23,934 --> 00:27:27,897
If there's another star
revolving round it--
393
00:27:28,063 --> 00:27:31,107
Where are the crystal spheres now,
394
00:27:31,108 --> 00:27:33,276
that the stars are supposed to
be fixed to?
395
00:27:33,277 --> 00:27:37,530
Nowhere.
There's no scaffolding in the sky.
396
00:27:37,531 --> 00:27:40,451
There's nothing
holding the universe up.
397
00:27:42,244 --> 00:27:44,579
Don't stand there
like a stockfish,
398
00:27:44,580 --> 00:27:47,207
as if you are afraid
it isn't true.
399
00:27:47,208 --> 00:27:49,751
I'm not standing
like a stockfish.
400
00:27:49,752 --> 00:27:52,796
I'm trembling because I'm afraid
it is true.
401
00:27:52,797 --> 00:27:53,881
Why?
402
00:27:55,216 --> 00:27:57,842
What do you think
is going to happen to you
403
00:27:57,843 --> 00:27:59,928
when you say
that there's another sun
404
00:27:59,929 --> 00:28:03,139
with other earths
revolving 'round it?
405
00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:05,308
That this earth is a planet
406
00:28:05,309 --> 00:28:07,520
and not the center
of the universe?
407
00:28:08,521 --> 00:28:11,482
Ancl that there's nothing
but stars.
408
00:28:13,234 --> 00:28:14,859
No difference
between Earth and heaven.
409
00:28:14,860 --> 00:28:16,612
No heaven at all.
410
00:28:20,491 --> 00:28:22,408
Where's God, then?
411
00:28:22,409 --> 00:28:23,744
What do you mean?
412
00:28:24,578 --> 00:28:27,831
God. Where is God?
413
00:28:27,832 --> 00:28:31,251
Not out there,
any more than he'd be down here
414
00:28:31,252 --> 00:28:33,879
if somebody out there
came down to look for him.
415
00:28:34,046 --> 00:28:35,422
Where is he, then?
416
00:28:37,925 --> 00:28:41,135
I'm a mathematician,
not a theologian.
417
00:28:41,136 --> 00:28:44,013
You're a human being.
418
00:28:44,014 --> 00:28:47,559
Where is God
in your system of the universe?
419
00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:50,687
Inside us.
Or nowhere.
420
00:28:50,688 --> 00:28:54,232
Ten years ago, a man was burned
at the stake for saying that.
421
00:28:54,233 --> 00:28:56,609
Giordano Bruno
spoke too soon.
422
00:28:56,610 --> 00:29:01,447
He'd never have been burned if he could
have backed up what he said with proof.
423
00:29:01,448 --> 00:29:04,909
Do you really believe
that proof makes any difference?
424
00:29:04,910 --> 00:29:07,537
All the difference
in the world.
425
00:29:07,538 --> 00:29:09,205
I believe in man,
426
00:29:09,206 --> 00:29:11,667
and that means
I believe in reason.
427
00:29:12,710 --> 00:29:14,461
Without that belief,
428
00:29:14,628 --> 00:29:18,883
I wouldn't have the strength
to get out of bed in the morning.
429
00:29:25,014 --> 00:29:31,144
How can you mistake
man's contemptible cunning... for reason?
430
00:29:31,145 --> 00:29:33,898
I know they call a donkey a horse
when they want to sell it,
431
00:29:34,064 --> 00:29:36,232
and a horse a donkey
when they want to buy it.
432
00:29:36,233 --> 00:29:38,443
Is that the whole story?
433
00:29:38,444 --> 00:29:41,821
If I were to drop a stone
and tell people it didn't fall,
434
00:29:41,822 --> 00:29:43,490
do you think they'd accept it?
435
00:29:44,074 --> 00:29:45,325
No.
436
00:29:45,326 --> 00:29:47,911
The seduction of proof
is still strong.
437
00:29:47,912 --> 00:29:50,623
In the long run,
no one can resist it.
438
00:29:51,707 --> 00:29:52,832
Good morning, father.
439
00:29:52,833 --> 00:29:54,375
Up So early?
440
00:29:54,376 --> 00:29:56,920
I'm going to matins
with Mrs. Sarti.
441
00:29:56,921 --> 00:29:58,922
Lud0vico's coming, too.
442
00:29:58,923 --> 00:30:01,382
- How was the night, Father?
- Clear.
443
00:30:01,383 --> 00:30:04,303
- May I look through the tube?
- What for? It isn't a toy.
444
00:30:05,930 --> 00:30:08,306
I know that,
Father.
445
00:30:08,307 --> 00:30:09,349
What did you find?
446
00:30:09,350 --> 00:30:13,311
Some little specks
by the side of a big star.
447
00:30:13,312 --> 00:30:16,940
I must find a way
of drawing attention to them.
448
00:30:16,941 --> 00:30:21,653
Perhaps I'll call them the Medician Stars
to please the Duke of Florence.
449
00:30:21,654 --> 00:30:24,656
By the way,
we may move to Florence.
450
00:30:24,657 --> 00:30:26,199
I've written to His Highness,
451
00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:29,202
asking if he can use me
as court mathematician.
452
00:30:29,203 --> 00:30:32,914
- Shall we live at court, father?
- Galileo.
453
00:30:32,915 --> 00:30:37,627
My dear Sagredo,
I must have time to work out my proof.
454
00:30:37,628 --> 00:30:39,337
And I need my comforts.
455
00:30:39,338 --> 00:30:41,673
My only worry is the Duke
may not take me.
456
00:30:41,674 --> 00:30:43,716
Oh, surely he'll take you, Father.
457
00:30:43,717 --> 00:30:45,177
But those new stars--
458
00:30:48,263 --> 00:30:51,266
I'm not used to writing letters
to important people.
459
00:30:52,309 --> 00:30:54,061
Do you think this will do?
460
00:30:59,024 --> 00:31:04,445
"With this, I commend myself as one of
your most faithful and devoted servants
461
00:31:04,446 --> 00:31:08,908
whose chief desire is to bask in
the presence of Your Highness,
462
00:31:08,909 --> 00:31:12,413
the rising sun
of our great age."
463
00:31:13,872 --> 00:31:16,582
The Duke of Florence
is a boy of nine.
464
00:31:16,583 --> 00:31:17,793
I know.
465
00:31:19,336 --> 00:31:20,920
Oh, I see.
466
00:31:20,921 --> 00:31:23,882
You think my letter
is too servile.
467
00:31:24,049 --> 00:31:26,300
I wonder
if it's servile enough.
468
00:31:26,301 --> 00:31:31,598
The only way a man like me can land
a decent job is by crawling on his belly.
469
00:31:32,725 --> 00:31:34,601
Run along to matins, now.
470
00:31:39,565 --> 00:31:42,608
- Galileo, don't go to Florence.
- Why not?
471
00:31:42,609 --> 00:31:44,110
It's ruled by monks.
472
00:31:44,111 --> 00:31:45,695
There are scholars, too.
473
00:31:45,696 --> 00:31:48,906
- Lackeys.
- I'll take them by the scruff of the neck
474
00:31:48,907 --> 00:31:51,117
and make them look
through my tube.
475
00:31:51,118 --> 00:31:53,787
Even monks can be seduced
by proof.
476
00:31:55,414 --> 00:31:59,126
Galileo, you're setting out
on the road to disaster.
477
00:32:03,338 --> 00:32:07,341
You're suspicious
and skeptical in science.
478
00:32:07,342 --> 00:32:11,304
But in politics, you're as naive
as your daughter.
479
00:32:11,305 --> 00:32:16,685
How can those in power leave a man
at large who tells the truth?
480
00:32:17,644 --> 00:32:19,855
Even about
the remotest stars.
481
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:25,860
Can you see the Pope
calmly writing down in his diary
482
00:32:25,861 --> 00:32:29,656
"Tenth of January, 1610.
483
00:32:30,908 --> 00:32:32,451
Heaven abolished."
484
00:32:36,997 --> 00:32:40,793
A while ago, when you were
at your telescope...
485
00:32:41,835 --> 00:32:44,171
I saw you
tied to the stake.
486
00:32:45,547 --> 00:32:47,841
And when you said
you believed in proof,
487
00:32:48,675 --> 00:32:50,636
I smelled burning flesh.
488
00:32:51,720 --> 00:32:54,890
If they'll have me,
I'll go.
489
00:33:25,796 --> 00:33:27,880
Your Highness.
490
00:33:27,881 --> 00:33:29,841
Shall we begin
with an observation
491
00:33:29,842 --> 00:33:32,261
of the satellites
of Jupiter,
492
00:33:32,928 --> 00:33:35,139
the Medician Stars.
493
00:33:39,143 --> 00:33:42,311
- Sit down here, please.
- Thank you, my boy.
494
00:33:42,312 --> 00:33:44,313
No, I'm afraid
it's not as simple as that.
495
00:33:44,314 --> 00:33:47,567
Before we use your celebrated instrument,
Mr. Galilei,
496
00:33:47,568 --> 00:33:49,485
we beg the favor
of a disputation.
497
00:33:49,486 --> 00:33:52,238
Subject: Can these moons exist?
498
00:33:52,239 --> 00:33:54,615
A formal disputation.
499
00:33:54,616 --> 00:33:58,036
Why don't you just look through
the telescope and see for yourselves?
500
00:33:58,954 --> 00:34:01,330
- Here, please.
- Yes, yes.
501
00:34:01,331 --> 00:34:03,708
You are aware
that your proposition-
502
00:34:03,709 --> 00:34:07,587
that there are stars revolving around
some center other than the Earth,
503
00:34:07,588 --> 00:34:09,714
that there's nothing
holding the universe up--
504
00:34:09,715 --> 00:34:13,134
is in contradiction
to the wisdom of the ages?
505
00:34:13,135 --> 00:34:15,469
- Yes.
- Apart from my mathematical friends'
506
00:34:15,470 --> 00:34:17,722
reservations as to whether
these moons are possible,
507
00:34:17,723 --> 00:34:21,726
I, as a philosopher ask you,
are they necessary?
508
00:34:21,727 --> 00:34:23,644
Aristotleis divini--
509
00:34:23,645 --> 00:34:26,105
Shall we speak
in everyday language?
510
00:34:26,106 --> 00:34:29,609
My colleague Mr. Federzoni
doesn't understand Latin.
511
00:34:29,610 --> 00:34:31,944
- Does that matter?
- Yes.
512
00:34:31,945 --> 00:34:35,073
The debate will be less brilliant,
but it's your house.
513
00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:38,618
The cosmos
of the divine Aristotle,
514
00:34:38,619 --> 00:34:41,662
with its crystal spheres
and their mystical music
515
00:34:41,663 --> 00:34:44,999
is an edifice of
incomparable order and beauty.
516
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:47,835
Why should we go out of our way
to look for things
517
00:34:47,836 --> 00:34:51,256
which can only strike a discord
in that inevitable harmony?
518
00:34:52,633 --> 00:34:54,508
Your Highness,
would you care to observe
519
00:34:54,509 --> 00:34:58,305
these unnecessary and impossible stars
through the telescope?
520
00:35:00,933 --> 00:35:04,810
Mr. Galilei, nobody doubts
that your brainchild--
521
00:35:04,811 --> 00:35:09,148
or shall we say your adopted brainchild--
is brilliantly contrived.
522
00:35:09,149 --> 00:35:12,443
But one is tempted to observe
that if your tube
523
00:35:12,444 --> 00:35:14,528
shows something
that cannot exist,
524
00:35:14,529 --> 00:35:17,782
it must be
a rather unreliable tube.
525
00:35:17,783 --> 00:35:21,702
- How's that?
- With the utmost deference, Mr. Galilei,
526
00:35:21,703 --> 00:35:27,083
I suggest that what one sees
in your eyeglass...
527
00:35:27,084 --> 00:35:32,546
and what is in the heavens,
might be two entirely different things.
528
00:35:32,547 --> 00:35:34,340
Admirably put.
529
00:35:34,341 --> 00:35:36,300
Great restraint.
530
00:35:36,301 --> 00:35:39,011
They think we painted
the Medician Stars on the lens.
531
00:35:39,012 --> 00:35:42,181
Huh-- Are you
accusing me of fraud?
532
00:35:42,182 --> 00:35:46,228
We wouldn't dream of it
in the presence of His Highness.
533
00:35:47,479 --> 00:35:49,897
Is there something wrong
with my stars?
534
00:35:49,898 --> 00:35:52,733
Your Highness' stars are fine.
535
00:35:52,734 --> 00:35:57,154
The gentlemen are only wondering
whether they really exist.
536
00:35:57,155 --> 00:35:59,490
Can you see the claws
on the Great Bear?
537
00:35:59,491 --> 00:36:02,995
Yes. And everything on the bull.
538
00:36:06,832 --> 00:36:10,544
Are you gentlemen
going to look or not?
539
00:36:12,045 --> 00:36:13,547
Certainly.
540
00:36:19,469 --> 00:36:22,139
- What is the matter with you?
- They're stupid.
541
00:36:24,850 --> 00:36:26,810
Deplorable child.
542
00:36:30,188 --> 00:36:32,231
Your Highness...
543
00:36:32,232 --> 00:36:34,817
I have just received
an important message.
544
00:36:34,818 --> 00:36:37,236
- I think we should go at once.
- Gentlemen.
545
00:36:37,237 --> 00:36:39,488
The sum of our knowledge
is pitiful.
546
00:36:39,489 --> 00:36:44,618
It has been my singular good fortune
to get hold of a new instrument
547
00:36:44,619 --> 00:36:49,206
that brings a small patch
of the universe a little bit closer.
548
00:36:49,207 --> 00:36:52,335
It's at your disposal.
Make use of it.
549
00:36:52,336 --> 00:36:56,798
Your Highness, ladies and gentlemen,
where is all this leading?
550
00:36:57,883 --> 00:36:59,258
Are we, as scholars,
551
00:36:59,259 --> 00:37:02,678
concerned with where
the truth might lead us?
552
00:37:02,679 --> 00:37:07,224
Mr. Galilei, the truth
might lead us anywhere.
553
00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:10,728
Your Highness,
these nights,
554
00:37:10,729 --> 00:37:14,857
all over Italy, telescopes have been
turned on the sky.
555
00:37:14,858 --> 00:37:20,571
The moons of Jupiter have never
been seen before, and yet, they exist.
556
00:37:20,572 --> 00:37:24,408
The man in the street may conclude
that a good many other things may exist
557
00:37:24,409 --> 00:37:26,828
if only he opens his eyes.
558
00:37:30,165 --> 00:37:31,707
Gentlemen,
559
00:37:31,708 --> 00:37:35,379
we oughtn't to be defending
shaky doctrines.
560
00:37:37,297 --> 00:37:38,756
You are teachers.
561
00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:40,674
You ought to be
doing the shaking.
562
00:37:40,675 --> 00:37:42,259
I wish your man
would keep out
563
00:37:42,260 --> 00:37:44,262
of what is supposed to be
a scientific debate.
564
00:37:47,099 --> 00:37:48,141
Your Highness...
565
00:37:50,602 --> 00:37:54,230
Looks as if we have to go
to the shipyards nowadays
566
00:37:54,231 --> 00:37:59,485
to find the high curiosity
that was the glory of Greece.
567
00:37:59,486 --> 00:38:02,864
Well, I'm sure Mr. Galilei
will find admirers in the shipyards.
568
00:38:04,741 --> 00:38:07,743
Your Highness, I find this
highly informative discussion
569
00:38:07,744 --> 00:38:09,954
has exceeded the time
we allowed for it.
570
00:38:09,955 --> 00:38:12,415
It is imperative
that we leave at once.
571
00:38:12,416 --> 00:38:14,709
One of my cakes,
your Highness.
572
00:38:23,176 --> 00:38:26,138
But you need only to look
through the telescope.
573
00:38:28,557 --> 00:38:30,558
His Highness will, of course,
seek the opinion
574
00:38:30,559 --> 00:38:32,644
of the greatest
living authority...
575
00:38:33,353 --> 00:38:35,521
Christopher Clavius,
576
00:38:35,522 --> 00:38:39,151
Astronomer-in-Chief
at the papal college in Rome.
577
00:38:56,168 --> 00:38:59,170
Things take indeed
A wondrous turn
578
00:38:59,171 --> 00:39:02,381
When learned men
Do stoop to learn
579
00:39:02,382 --> 00:39:05,718
Clavius
We are pleased to say
580
00:39:05,719 --> 00:39:08,722
Upheld Galileo
581
00:39:21,359 --> 00:39:24,404
Hopeless,
hopeless, hopeless!
582
00:39:26,698 --> 00:39:30,493
Is there anything in the world
that people won't believe?
583
00:39:30,494 --> 00:39:33,705
Yes, Monsignor,
that you don't like your belly!
584
00:39:34,789 --> 00:39:36,248
Oh, they'd believe that.
585
00:39:36,249 --> 00:39:38,834
They only won't believe
what's good for them.
586
00:39:38,835 --> 00:39:42,463
They doubt the devil, but fill them up
with a lot of fiddledeedee
587
00:39:42,464 --> 00:39:45,382
about the Earth rolling
in the gutter like a marble,
588
00:39:45,383 --> 00:39:48,093
and they swallow it
hook, line and sinker.
589
00:39:48,094 --> 00:39:50,679
Sancta simplicitas!
590
00:39:50,680 --> 00:39:53,933
Ooh! Ooh! The Earth
is going around too quickly!
591
00:39:53,934 --> 00:39:56,227
Ooh! Ooh! I'm dizzy!
592
00:39:56,228 --> 00:39:57,896
May I hold onto you, Professor?
593
00:39:58,063 --> 00:40:01,148
Old Mother Earth's
been at the bottle again.
594
00:40:01,149 --> 00:40:05,237
Venus is listening badly.
I can only see half of her behind!
595
00:40:06,738 --> 00:40:09,865
Help! Hope we don't get
thrown onto the moon!
596
00:40:09,866 --> 00:40:12,451
All those nasty,
sharp mountain peaks.
597
00:40:12,452 --> 00:40:13,620
Don't look down!
598
00:40:16,873 --> 00:40:19,918
Every child and half-skinny
piglet in Holy Rome.
599
00:40:22,045 --> 00:40:23,880
What does the Bible say?
600
00:40:25,215 --> 00:40:28,592
"Sun, stand thou still
upon Gabanon
601
00:40:28,593 --> 00:40:31,720
and thou moon
in the valley of Ajalon."
602
00:40:31,721 --> 00:40:35,058
Can the sun come to a standstill
if it doesn't ever move?
603
00:40:36,142 --> 00:40:37,394
Does the Bible lie?
604
00:40:38,770 --> 00:40:42,106
How did Christopher Clavius,
the greatest astronomer alive,
605
00:40:42,107 --> 00:40:44,942
get mixed up in an investigation
of this kind?
606
00:40:44,943 --> 00:40:49,656
He's in there, with his eyes glued
to that diabolical instrument.
607
00:40:53,034 --> 00:40:54,952
Mr. Galilei...
608
00:40:54,953 --> 00:40:58,164
I think something
just fell down.
609
00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:08,091
Are you sure, Monsignor,
that it didn't fall up?
610
00:41:09,426 --> 00:41:10,719
Insolence.
611
00:41:26,318 --> 00:41:27,860
Aren't they out yet?
612
00:41:27,861 --> 00:41:30,696
Can't they reach a decision
on this paltry matter?
613
00:41:30,697 --> 00:41:34,576
Christopher Clavius ought to know
his astronomy after all these years.
614
00:41:35,702 --> 00:41:39,246
I hear this Mr. Galilei
transfers mankind
615
00:41:39,247 --> 00:41:42,709
from the center of the universe
to somewhere in the outskirts.
616
00:41:44,002 --> 00:41:46,920
This Mr. Galilei is therefore
an enemy to mankind
617
00:41:46,921 --> 00:41:49,381
and must be dealt with as such.
618
00:41:49,382 --> 00:41:52,259
Is it conceivable
that God would trust
619
00:41:52,260 --> 00:41:56,930
the most precious fruit of his labor
to some mere flip-it-tich-i-bit of a star?
620
00:41:56,931 --> 00:41:59,475
Would he have sent his son
to such a place?
621
00:41:59,476 --> 00:42:02,561
How can men be so perverse
as to listen to something
622
00:42:02,562 --> 00:42:06,023
that's told them by some slave
of the multiplication table.
623
00:42:06,024 --> 00:42:08,068
The gentleman
is over there.
624
00:42:15,241 --> 00:42:18,118
So you're the man.
625
00:42:18,119 --> 00:42:21,246
Yeah, and our eyes are not
what they were, but...
626
00:42:21,247 --> 00:42:26,043
I can-- I can see you bear a striking
resemblance to the man we burned.
627
00:42:26,044 --> 00:42:27,711
He-- What was his name?
628
00:42:27,712 --> 00:42:29,630
Your Eminence, the doctor said
you mustn't excite yourself.
629
00:42:29,631 --> 00:42:32,716
So you have degraded the Earth
in spite of the fact
630
00:42:32,717 --> 00:42:35,177
that you live by it and receive everything
from her.
631
00:42:35,178 --> 00:42:36,720
Well, I won't have it!
632
00:42:36,721 --> 00:42:39,848
I won't be a nobody
on some nondescript star,
633
00:42:39,849 --> 00:42:41,892
twirling briefly,
hither and dither.
634
00:42:41,893 --> 00:42:46,689
I tread the Earth and the Earth is firm
beneath my feet!
635
00:42:46,690 --> 00:42:49,858
It stands still and is the center
of the universe,
636
00:42:49,859 --> 00:42:54,822
and I am in the center,
and the eye of the Creator is upon me.
637
00:42:54,823 --> 00:42:57,741
About me,
fixed to the crystal spheres
638
00:42:57,742 --> 00:43:00,577
revolve the lesser lights
of the stars
639
00:43:00,578 --> 00:43:02,413
and the great light
of the sun,
640
00:43:02,414 --> 00:43:05,165
created to illumine me,
that God might see me.
641
00:43:05,166 --> 00:43:07,794
Man, the supreme work of God...
642
00:43:08,878 --> 00:43:13,632
a central figure in--
in His own image
643
00:43:13,633 --> 00:43:17,429
created him immortal
and-- and--
644
00:43:20,056 --> 00:43:23,601
Your Eminence,
you have overtaxed yourself.
645
00:43:28,606 --> 00:43:31,818
Your Eminences,
Father Clavius.
646
00:43:55,633 --> 00:43:57,051
He's right.
647
00:44:00,638 --> 00:44:02,473
Father Clavius says
648
00:44:02,474 --> 00:44:06,060
it's up to the theologians now
to set the heavens right again.
649
00:44:08,104 --> 00:44:09,689
You've won.
650
00:44:27,999 --> 00:44:29,583
Who is this man?
651
00:44:29,584 --> 00:44:32,086
His Eminence,
the Cardinal Inquisitor.
652
00:44:40,470 --> 00:44:46,600
When Galileo was
653
00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:51,355
In Rome
654
00:44:51,356 --> 00:44:58,321
A cardinal asked him
To his home
655
00:45:02,951 --> 00:45:08,455
And dined and wined him
As his guest
656
00:45:08,456 --> 00:45:11,083
He only made
657
00:45:11,084 --> 00:45:15,964
One small request
658
00:45:22,637 --> 00:45:24,889
I won't dance
with anyone but you, Ludovico.
659
00:45:25,849 --> 00:45:28,184
- You're showing some lace.
- Oh.
660
00:45:36,734 --> 00:45:40,904
- Father, feel my heart.
- Oh! It's thumping.
661
00:45:40,905 --> 00:45:43,448
- Oh, I want to look beautiful.
- You'd better.
662
00:45:43,449 --> 00:45:46,618
If you don't, they'll start saying
all over again
663
00:45:46,619 --> 00:45:48,454
that the Earth
doesn't turn.
664
00:45:49,289 --> 00:45:51,207
It doesn't turn, sir.
665
00:46:08,892 --> 00:46:11,393
I was to wait here
for Cardinal Bellarmine.
666
00:46:11,394 --> 00:46:13,438
His Eminence will be with you
in a few minutes.
667
00:46:14,063 --> 00:46:15,981
Oh, Mr. Galilei.
668
00:46:15,982 --> 00:46:18,109
This is an honor,
sefior Galileo.
669
00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:21,612
- Congratulations.
- Thank you.
670
00:46:21,613 --> 00:46:23,781
Run along,
and enjoy yourselves.
671
00:46:34,918 --> 00:46:36,002
Rome.
672
00:46:38,880 --> 00:46:42,257
- Big party?
- 250 guests, Mr. Galilei.
673
00:46:42,258 --> 00:46:44,635
The first carnival after the years
of the plague.
674
00:46:44,636 --> 00:46:47,638
All the great families of Italy
are represented here this evening.
675
00:46:47,639 --> 00:46:50,307
The Orsinis, the Granatis,
the Pescis.
676
00:46:50,308 --> 00:46:54,519
- The Cesarinis.
- The Guidis, the Lastricardis.
677
00:46:54,520 --> 00:47:00,026
Ah, their Eminencies,
Cardinals Bellarmine and Barberini.
678
00:47:10,078 --> 00:47:14,582
- Your Eminence.
- Mr. Galilei, Cardinal Barberini.
679
00:47:15,166 --> 00:47:16,709
Your Eminence.
680
00:47:22,924 --> 00:47:26,927
"The sun also ariseth,
and the sun goeth down
681
00:47:26,928 --> 00:47:30,681
and hasteth to his place
where he arose."
682
00:47:30,682 --> 00:47:33,850
Thus says Solomon.
What says Galilei?
683
00:47:33,851 --> 00:47:36,395
Your Eminence...
684
00:47:36,396 --> 00:47:40,232
When I was so high,
I remember standing on a ship.
685
00:47:40,233 --> 00:47:44,653
And when it pulled off, I shouted,
"The shore is moving away!"
686
00:47:44,654 --> 00:47:48,532
But I know now it was the ship
that was moving away from the shore.
687
00:47:48,533 --> 00:47:50,784
You can't catch you.
688
00:47:50,785 --> 00:47:54,454
Unfortunately for me, I glanced at
a few papers on astronomy once,
689
00:47:54,455 --> 00:47:56,707
and it's harder to get rid of
than the itch.
690
00:47:56,708 --> 00:47:59,751
We must move with the times, Barberini.
691
00:47:59,752 --> 00:48:02,462
If it makes navigation easier
to use new charts
692
00:48:02,463 --> 00:48:06,425
based upon a new hypothesis,
let's use them.
693
00:48:06,426 --> 00:48:10,387
We need only scotch doctrines
that contradict Holy Writ.
694
00:48:10,388 --> 00:48:11,680
Holy Writ.
695
00:48:11,681 --> 00:48:15,893
"He that withholdeth corn,
the people shall curse him."
696
00:48:16,060 --> 00:48:17,227
Proverbs.
697
00:48:17,228 --> 00:48:20,397
"A prudent man
concealeth knowledge."
698
00:48:20,398 --> 00:48:27,112
- Proverbs.
- "Where no oxen are, the crib is clean.
699
00:48:27,113 --> 00:48:30,407
But much increase is by
the strength of the ox."
700
00:48:30,408 --> 00:48:34,411
"He that ruleth his spirit
is better than he that taketh a city."
701
00:48:34,412 --> 00:48:37,498
"The broken spirit
drieth the bones."
702
00:48:39,042 --> 00:48:41,252
"Doth not wisdom cry?"
703
00:48:46,841 --> 00:48:52,472
"Can one go upon hot coals
and his feet not be burned?"
704
00:49:08,029 --> 00:49:10,740
Welcome to Rome,
friend Galilei.
705
00:49:13,701 --> 00:49:19,456
You will recall the story
of the founding of the city.
706
00:49:19,457 --> 00:49:25,087
Two little boys found shelter
and sustenance with a she-wolf.
707
00:49:25,088 --> 00:49:28,716
And from that day, we've paid the price
for the she-wolf's milk.
708
00:49:29,550 --> 00:49:31,843
But the place is not bad.
709
00:49:31,844 --> 00:49:33,804
And we have everything
for your pleasure,
710
00:49:33,805 --> 00:49:35,931
from a scholarly debate
with my friend Bellarmine
711
00:49:35,932 --> 00:49:39,185
to ladies of, uh,
international repute.
712
00:49:39,936 --> 00:49:41,604
Would you like to meet one?
713
00:49:57,453 --> 00:49:59,162
No?
714
00:49:59,163 --> 00:50:01,374
He prefers a serious discussion.
715
00:50:02,166 --> 00:50:03,292
Very well.
716
00:50:06,587 --> 00:50:09,756
Are you sure, friend Galilei,
that you astronomers
717
00:50:09,757 --> 00:50:13,719
aren't just trying
to make astronomy easier for yourselves?
718
00:50:15,388 --> 00:50:19,891
You speak in terms of circles, ellipsis
and uniform velocities,
719
00:50:19,892 --> 00:50:23,186
simple movements
that the human mind can grasp.
720
00:50:23,187 --> 00:50:24,688
Very convenient.
721
00:50:24,689 --> 00:50:28,316
But suppose Almighty God
had taken it into his head
722
00:50:28,317 --> 00:50:30,403
to make the stars
move like that.
723
00:50:31,529 --> 00:50:34,115
What will become
of your calculations then?
724
00:50:35,533 --> 00:50:40,745
Your Eminence, if God had
created the world like this,
725
00:50:40,746 --> 00:50:43,415
he would've made our minds
like this, too,
726
00:50:43,416 --> 00:50:45,293
so that we could grasp it.
727
00:50:46,752 --> 00:50:48,462
I believe in reason.
728
00:50:50,506 --> 00:50:52,633
I consider reason inadequate.
729
00:50:56,220 --> 00:51:00,640
He's too polite to tell me
he considers mine inadequate.
730
00:51:00,641 --> 00:51:02,434
But what is one to do
with him?
731
00:51:02,435 --> 00:51:05,020
Butter wouldn't melt
in his mouth.
732
00:51:05,021 --> 00:51:07,939
All he wants to prove
is that God made a few mistakes.
733
00:51:07,940 --> 00:51:12,778
In astronomy, God didn't work hard enough
before he composed Holy Writ.
734
00:51:13,821 --> 00:51:15,364
My clear friend...
735
00:51:19,076 --> 00:51:22,537
Don't put anything down. This is
a scientific discussion among friends.
736
00:51:22,538 --> 00:51:24,706
Don't you think it likely
the Creator knows more
737
00:51:24,707 --> 00:51:27,125
about his work than the created?
738
00:51:27,126 --> 00:51:30,921
Man may misread
not only the heavenly bodies,
739
00:51:30,922 --> 00:51:32,464
but the Bible as well.
740
00:51:32,465 --> 00:51:34,549
The interpretation
of the Bible
741
00:51:34,550 --> 00:51:36,802
is a matter for the ministers
of God.
742
00:51:40,223 --> 00:51:41,390
You don't answer?
743
00:51:43,768 --> 00:51:46,937
Tonight,
the Holy Office has decided
744
00:51:46,938 --> 00:51:49,064
that the theory of Copernicus,
745
00:51:49,065 --> 00:51:52,317
according to which,
the Earth moves around the sun,
746
00:51:52,318 --> 00:51:55,655
is false, absurd and heretical.
747
00:51:56,530 --> 00:51:58,240
I am charged,
Mr. Galilei,
748
00:51:58,241 --> 00:52:01,577
to admonish you
to relinquish this opinion.
749
00:52:02,870 --> 00:52:04,789
Would you repeat that?
750
00:52:06,958 --> 00:52:11,628
His Eminence Cardinal Bellarmine
to the aforesaid Galileo Galilei,
751
00:52:11,629 --> 00:52:14,923
"The Holy Office has decided
that the theory of Copernicus,
752
00:52:14,924 --> 00:52:17,926
according to which,
the Earth goes around the sun,
753
00:52:17,927 --> 00:52:20,888
is foolish,
absurd and heretical.
754
00:52:21,055 --> 00:52:24,933
I am charged, Mr. Galilei, to admonish you
to relinquish this opinion."
755
00:52:24,934 --> 00:52:27,227
What does this mean?
756
00:52:27,228 --> 00:52:30,355
The Collegium Romanum
confirmed my observations.
757
00:52:30,356 --> 00:52:33,150
Yes, they were
most complimentary to you.
758
00:52:34,902 --> 00:52:37,905
But...
the satellites of Jupiter.
759
00:52:38,990 --> 00:52:40,573
The phases of Venus.
760
00:52:40,574 --> 00:52:43,576
The Holy Office
formulated its decree
761
00:52:43,577 --> 00:52:46,455
without taking these particulars
into account.
762
00:52:48,332 --> 00:52:49,958
In other words...
763
00:52:49,959 --> 00:52:55,547
the future of all scientific
research is completely-
764
00:52:55,548 --> 00:52:58,300
Completely assured,
Mr. Galilei.
765
00:52:58,301 --> 00:53:01,428
It is not given to man
to know the truth,
766
00:53:01,429 --> 00:53:04,223
but it is granted him
to seek after the truth.
767
00:53:06,892 --> 00:53:10,562
Science is the legitimate
and beloved daughter of the church.
768
00:53:10,563 --> 00:53:13,441
She must have confidence
in the church.
769
00:53:14,567 --> 00:53:16,610
Be realistic, friend Galilei...
770
00:53:17,403 --> 00:53:19,321
and so shall we.
771
00:53:19,322 --> 00:53:21,990
We need you
more than you need us.
772
00:53:21,991 --> 00:53:24,701
Barberini,
it's time we introduced
773
00:53:24,702 --> 00:53:28,204
Italy's most discussed scientist
to our guests.
774
00:53:28,205 --> 00:53:29,748
Let's put on our masks.
775
00:53:29,749 --> 00:53:32,043
Our poor Galilei
hasn't got one.
776
00:53:38,716 --> 00:53:40,425
Did you get
his last sentence?
777
00:53:40,426 --> 00:53:43,470
Yes. Have you got what he said
about believing in reason?
778
00:53:43,471 --> 00:53:45,264
Did the interview
take place?
779
00:54:58,462 --> 00:55:00,214
Well, my daughter...
780
00:55:02,591 --> 00:55:05,593
may I congratulate you
on your betrothal.
781
00:55:05,594 --> 00:55:08,013
Your young man comes
from a distinguished family.
782
00:55:08,931 --> 00:55:10,641
Will you be staying on
in Rome?
783
00:55:12,268 --> 00:55:14,894
Not now, Your Eminence.
I must return home for the wedding.
784
00:55:14,895 --> 00:55:18,064
Ah, so you're
accompanying your father back to Florence.
785
00:55:18,065 --> 00:55:19,607
That should please him.
786
00:55:19,608 --> 00:55:22,402
Mathematics
is a cold housewife.
787
00:55:22,403 --> 00:55:25,406
Your youth and warmth
will keep him down to Earth.
788
00:55:27,867 --> 00:55:29,869
Oh, it's easy
to get lost up there.
789
00:55:31,203 --> 00:55:34,081
He doesn't talk to me
about the stars, Your Eminence.
790
00:55:36,959 --> 00:55:38,002
No.
791
00:55:39,795 --> 00:55:42,423
They don't eat fish
in the fisherman's house.
792
00:55:48,637 --> 00:55:51,432
Though I can tell you
something about astronomy.
793
00:55:53,225 --> 00:55:55,435
It seems, my child, that God
has blessed
794
00:55:55,436 --> 00:55:58,146
our modern
astronomers with imagination.
795
00:55:58,147 --> 00:56:00,149
Oh, it's getting quite alarming.
796
00:56:01,233 --> 00:56:03,776
Compared to their picture
of the world,
797
00:56:03,777 --> 00:56:06,905
our old picture
is like a mere miniature,
798
00:56:06,906 --> 00:56:10,242
such as might hang 'round the neck
of a charming young lady.
799
00:56:13,621 --> 00:56:16,331
The gentlemen of the Holy Office
are worried
800
00:56:16,332 --> 00:56:23,087
that a prelate or even a cardinal
might get lost in such enormous spaces.
801
00:56:23,088 --> 00:56:25,841
The Almighty might even
lose sight of the Pope himself.
802
00:56:32,139 --> 00:56:35,100
Yes, it's all most amusing.
803
00:56:36,519 --> 00:56:39,729
Even so, my child,
I'm glad to know
804
00:56:39,730 --> 00:56:42,273
that you will be staying
with your eminent father,
805
00:56:42,274 --> 00:56:45,694
whom we all hold
in highest esteem.
806
00:56:50,533 --> 00:56:53,827
I wonder, do I know
your father confessor?
807
00:56:56,830 --> 00:56:58,790
Father Jacamo
808
00:56:58,791 --> 00:57:01,085
of Saint Ursula's in Florence,
Your Eminence.
809
00:57:02,253 --> 00:57:03,337
Hm.
810
00:57:10,010 --> 00:57:13,514
My dear child,
your father will need you.
811
00:57:14,640 --> 00:57:16,976
Not so much now, perhaps, but...
812
00:57:17,643 --> 00:57:19,395
one of these days.
813
00:57:38,330 --> 00:57:39,373
You are pure.
814
00:57:42,835 --> 00:57:44,878
And there is strength in purity.
815
00:57:47,715 --> 00:57:52,176
Greatness is sometimes,
indeed often,
816
00:57:52,177 --> 00:57:55,973
too heavy a burden for those
to whom God has granted it.
817
00:57:59,852 --> 00:58:01,729
What man is so great...
818
00:58:02,563 --> 00:58:04,732
he has no place in a prayer?
819
00:58:08,152 --> 00:58:10,321
But I'm keeping you.
820
00:58:11,363 --> 00:58:14,116
Your fiancé
is going to be jealous.
821
00:58:15,743 --> 00:58:19,329
And I'm afraid that your father
will never forgive me
822
00:58:19,330 --> 00:58:21,498
for holding forth to you
about astronomy.
823
00:58:27,630 --> 00:58:30,966
And remember me
to Father Jacamo.
824
00:58:43,771 --> 00:58:47,899
Galileo, feeling grim
825
00:58:47,900 --> 00:58:51,903
A young monk
Came to visit him
826
00:58:51,904 --> 00:58:55,531
The monk was born
Of common folk
827
00:58:55,532 --> 00:58:59,870
It was of science
That they spoke
828
00:59:12,341 --> 00:59:13,801
Mr. Galilei?
829
00:59:17,930 --> 00:59:19,765
My name is Fulganzio.
830
00:59:20,933 --> 00:59:22,685
I'm student of physics.
831
00:59:24,228 --> 00:59:27,106
For three nights,
I have been unable to sleep.
832
00:59:32,653 --> 00:59:36,239
I can't reconcile the decree
of the Holy Office which I've read
833
00:59:36,240 --> 00:59:39,742
with the satellites of Jupiter,
which I've seen.
834
00:59:39,743 --> 00:59:43,496
So this morning I decided to perform math
and then come to see you.
835
00:59:43,497 --> 00:59:46,375
To tell me Jupiter has no moons.
836
00:59:47,918 --> 00:59:48,961
No.
837
00:59:50,045 --> 00:59:52,130
The decree has shocked me
into realizing
838
00:59:52,131 --> 00:59:54,466
that unrestricted research
is dangerous.
839
00:59:58,011 --> 01:00:00,555
I've decided
to give up astronomy.
840
01:00:00,556 --> 01:00:02,891
But first, I felt
I had to tell you my reasons.
841
01:00:04,518 --> 01:00:06,895
Such reasons are familiar to me.
842
01:00:09,148 --> 01:00:11,149
You mean, of course...
843
01:00:11,150 --> 01:00:14,026
certain pressures
exerted by the church.
844
01:00:14,027 --> 01:00:15,612
But there is something else.
845
01:00:17,573 --> 01:00:19,575
I'd like to talk to you
about my family.
846
01:00:20,576 --> 01:00:22,326
I don't come from
the great city.
847
01:00:22,327 --> 01:00:25,580
My parents are peasants
in the Campagna.
848
01:00:25,581 --> 01:00:28,500
They know about growing olives,
but not much about anything else.
849
01:00:30,210 --> 01:00:33,880
Often these days, as I observe
the phases of Venus,
850
01:00:33,881 --> 01:00:36,382
I can see my mother
and father and sister
851
01:00:36,383 --> 01:00:38,134
sitting by the stove at home,
852
01:00:38,135 --> 01:00:40,763
under rafters blackened
by the smoke of centuries.
853
01:00:42,014 --> 01:00:44,516
I can see the spoons
in their roughen hands.
854
01:00:46,226 --> 01:00:47,853
They're very poor.
855
01:00:49,062 --> 01:00:51,397
But underlying their poverty,
856
01:00:51,398 --> 01:00:55,611
there is a sort of order,
routine, rhythm.
857
01:00:58,906 --> 01:01:01,365
My father's back
wasn't bowed all at once,
858
01:01:01,366 --> 01:01:04,118
but little by little
each year.
859
01:01:04,119 --> 01:01:08,207
Regularly, year after year, childbearing
made my mother more and more sexless.
860
01:01:11,460 --> 01:01:16,965
What gives them the strength to sweat
with loaded baskets up the stony paths...
861
01:01:17,674 --> 01:01:18,842
to bear children...
862
01:01:19,426 --> 01:01:20,761
even to eat...
863
01:01:22,012 --> 01:01:24,014
is the sense of stability...
864
01:01:25,641 --> 01:01:29,101
of necessity,
which they get
865
01:01:29,102 --> 01:01:31,939
from the sight of the trees
turning green every year...
866
01:01:33,440 --> 01:01:35,025
from the sight of the soil...
867
01:01:36,360 --> 01:01:37,820
and the little church.
868
01:01:40,113 --> 01:01:44,200
They've been told
the eye of God is on them.
869
01:01:44,201 --> 01:01:46,994
And that the whole pageant of the world
was written around them
870
01:01:46,995 --> 01:01:48,247
that they might be saved.
871
01:01:50,707 --> 01:01:52,291
Well, what would they say
if I told them
872
01:01:52,292 --> 01:01:54,126
that they're living
on a little chunk of stone
873
01:01:54,127 --> 01:01:57,089
spinning in empty space
around a second-rate star?
874
01:01:58,549 --> 01:02:00,800
What would be the use
of their patience, then?
875
01:02:00,801 --> 01:02:02,677
Of the acquiescence
in their misery?
876
01:02:02,678 --> 01:02:04,720
What comfort would there be
in holy scripture
877
01:02:04,721 --> 01:02:08,392
which demonstrates the necessity
of their submission?
878
01:02:10,269 --> 01:02:11,395
And their sweat.
879
01:02:12,646 --> 01:02:15,649
If holy scripture
is shown to be full of error...
880
01:02:17,234 --> 01:02:19,235
now they'd feel
they'd been cheated.
881
01:02:19,236 --> 01:02:21,320
I can see their eyes waiver.
882
01:02:21,321 --> 01:02:24,615
I can see them put down
their spoons on the table.
883
01:02:24,616 --> 01:02:26,534
Hunger is just
going without food,
884
01:02:26,535 --> 01:02:28,328
not a test of strength,
they'd say.
885
01:02:29,663 --> 01:02:33,083
Effort is just bending and carrying,
not a virtue.
886
01:02:36,211 --> 01:02:39,922
So can you wonder if I see
in the decree of the Holy Office
887
01:02:39,923 --> 01:02:42,759
a noble and motherly compassion.
888
01:02:43,802 --> 01:02:45,512
A great magnanimity.
889
01:02:48,891 --> 01:02:51,643
Hmm. Well...
890
01:02:55,105 --> 01:02:59,108
At least you found out
that the crux of the matter
891
01:02:59,109 --> 01:03:02,445
is not the satellites
of Jupiter,
892
01:03:02,446 --> 01:03:05,615
but the peasants
of the Campagna.
893
01:03:05,616 --> 01:03:06,991
And don't talk to me
894
01:03:06,992 --> 01:03:11,246
about the beauty that radiates
from suffering.
895
01:03:12,873 --> 01:03:18,002
Do you know how a pearl
develops in an oyster?
896
01:03:18,003 --> 01:03:21,923
A jagged grain of sand gets inside
the oyster shell
897
01:03:21,924 --> 01:03:24,885
and makes its life unbearable.
898
01:03:25,052 --> 01:03:30,181
The oyster exudes slime
to cover the grain of sand.
899
01:03:30,182 --> 01:03:33,852
And that eventually hardens
into a pearl.
900
01:03:35,312 --> 01:03:38,398
The oyster nearly dies
in the process.
901
01:03:39,816 --> 01:03:43,320
To hell with the pearl.
Give me the healthy oyster.
902
01:03:44,446 --> 01:03:47,365
Virtues are not
the monopoly of poverty.
903
01:03:47,366 --> 01:03:51,869
If your parents
were prosperous and happy,
904
01:03:51,870 --> 01:03:55,999
they could develop the virtues
of happiness and prosperity.
905
01:03:58,043 --> 01:04:00,754
Do you want me to lie
to your people?
906
01:04:13,392 --> 01:04:16,895
We must be silent
from the highest of motives...
907
01:04:18,271 --> 01:04:21,400
the inward peace
of less fortunate souls.
908
01:04:24,319 --> 01:04:27,738
If I condoned this decree,
909
01:04:27,739 --> 01:04:30,366
and left your parents
undisturbed,
910
01:04:30,367 --> 01:04:34,662
my motives might not
be entirely disinterested.
911
01:04:34,663 --> 01:04:37,666
Easy life, no persecution,
and so on.
912
01:04:39,459 --> 01:04:42,795
Would you like to see
a Cellini timepiece
913
01:04:42,796 --> 01:04:47,925
that Cardinal Bellarmine's
coachman delivered here this morning?
914
01:04:47,926 --> 01:04:52,221
And as a reward for leaving
your mother and father's peace untroubled,
915
01:04:52,222 --> 01:04:57,435
the government offers me the wine
they produce by the sweat of their brow.
916
01:04:57,436 --> 01:05:00,939
The brow, which, as you know,
was made in God's image.
917
01:05:01,773 --> 01:05:03,691
Mr. Galilei, I am a priest.
918
01:05:03,692 --> 01:05:05,193
You're also a physicist.
919
01:05:06,236 --> 01:05:09,405
And you can see
that Venus has phases.
920
01:05:09,406 --> 01:05:13,576
How can new machinery
be evolved to control rivers
921
01:05:13,577 --> 01:05:15,578
if physicists
are forbidden to study
922
01:05:15,579 --> 01:05:18,874
the greatest machinery of all,
the mechanism of the stars?
923
01:05:20,250 --> 01:05:23,711
Can I reconcile my findings
on the paths of falling bodies
924
01:05:23,712 --> 01:05:27,006
with the tracks of witches
riding on broomsticks?
925
01:05:27,007 --> 01:05:29,216
You don't think the truth,
if it is truth,
926
01:05:29,217 --> 01:05:30,802
would make its way
without us?
927
01:05:31,344 --> 01:05:32,762
No.
928
01:05:32,763 --> 01:05:36,641
Truth prevails only as far
as we make it prevail.
929
01:05:38,351 --> 01:05:42,730
You speak about
the Campagna peasants
930
01:05:42,731 --> 01:05:46,108
as if there were moss
on their huts.
931
01:05:46,109 --> 01:05:50,488
If they don't rouse themselves
and learn to think,
932
01:05:50,489 --> 01:05:54,909
the best irrigation systems
in the world can't help them.
933
01:05:54,910 --> 01:05:58,913
I can see
their divine patience.
934
01:05:58,914 --> 01:06:01,083
But where
is their divine wrath?
935
01:06:02,334 --> 01:06:04,001
They're tired.
936
01:06:04,002 --> 01:06:06,254
Are you a physicist?
937
01:06:07,547 --> 01:06:11,926
Here is what draws the ocean
when it ebbs and flows.
938
01:06:11,927 --> 01:06:13,886
Let it lie there.
939
01:06:13,887 --> 01:06:16,014
Thou shalt not read.
940
01:06:21,561 --> 01:06:22,938
Already.
941
01:06:25,357 --> 01:06:27,275
You are a physicist.
942
01:06:28,276 --> 01:06:31,237
An apple of the tree
of knowledge.
943
01:06:31,238 --> 01:06:35,407
He can't wait.
He wolfs it down.
944
01:06:35,408 --> 01:06:39,120
He'll rot in hell for all eternity,
and yet, look at him.
945
01:06:39,121 --> 01:06:40,831
Where are his manners?
946
01:06:45,752 --> 01:06:48,462
Sometimes I think...
947
01:06:48,463 --> 01:06:52,925
I would willingly
be imprisoned in a dungeon
948
01:06:52,926 --> 01:06:56,679
fathoms under the earth
if in exchange
949
01:06:56,680 --> 01:06:58,765
I could find out one thing.
950
01:06:59,391 --> 01:07:02,227
What is... light?
951
01:07:05,021 --> 01:07:07,273
And the worst of it is...
952
01:07:07,274 --> 01:07:09,567
when I find something out...
953
01:07:09,568 --> 01:07:11,945
I have to tell others about it.
954
01:07:13,155 --> 01:07:14,656
Like a lover.
955
01:07:15,365 --> 01:07:16,867
Like a drunkard.
956
01:07:17,909 --> 01:07:19,744
Like a traitor.
957
01:07:21,997 --> 01:07:23,999
I don't understand
this sentence.
958
01:07:25,000 --> 01:07:27,377
I'll explain it to you,
Fulganzio.
959
01:07:29,838 --> 01:07:31,798
I'll explain it to you.
960
01:07:44,144 --> 01:07:46,979
For eight long years
961
01:07:46,980 --> 01:07:49,690
With tongue in cheek
962
01:07:49,691 --> 01:07:52,026
Of what he knew
963
01:07:52,027 --> 01:07:55,154
He did not speak
964
01:07:55,155 --> 01:08:00,743
Then temptation
Grew too great
965
01:08:00,744 --> 01:08:06,291
But Galileo challenged fate
966
01:08:08,293 --> 01:08:09,794
Uh, Thursday.
967
01:08:10,587 --> 01:08:13,297
Floating bodies.
Again.
968
01:08:13,298 --> 01:08:18,595
So ice, bowl of water,
scales, iron needle.
969
01:08:19,888 --> 01:08:21,389
Aristotle.
970
01:08:33,735 --> 01:08:36,028
Ludovico likes entertaining.
971
01:08:36,029 --> 01:08:39,031
This is for
the long dining table.
972
01:08:39,032 --> 01:08:42,619
It's got to be perfect.
His mother notices every stitch.
973
01:08:45,038 --> 01:08:48,290
She's not too happy about Father's books
any more than Father Jacamo.
974
01:08:48,291 --> 01:08:50,460
Oh, he hasn't written a book
for years.
975
01:08:51,253 --> 01:08:52,879
In Rome, a long time ago,
976
01:08:53,046 --> 01:08:57,633
a very important ecclesiastic
told me things about astronomy.
977
01:08:57,634 --> 01:09:01,595
Virginia, I want to talk to you
about your marriage.
978
01:09:01,596 --> 01:09:04,098
You're such a young thing.
979
01:09:04,099 --> 01:09:06,350
You have no mother.
980
01:09:06,351 --> 01:09:10,063
And your father just puts
pieces of ice on water.
981
01:09:11,147 --> 01:09:13,858
A marriage is too serious
a business.
982
01:09:15,402 --> 01:09:18,947
I wouldn't ask your father
questions about your marriage.
983
01:09:19,990 --> 01:09:22,866
He always says
such dreadful things.
984
01:09:22,867 --> 01:09:26,036
And always at meal times
when the young men are there.
985
01:09:26,037 --> 01:09:29,082
He hasn't half a scud0's worth
of shame in him.
986
01:09:30,375 --> 01:09:31,960
Never has had.
987
01:09:33,586 --> 01:09:36,255
I'm thinking of what
the future has in store.
988
01:09:36,256 --> 01:09:39,717
I think you should go
to see a real astronomer at the university
989
01:09:39,718 --> 01:09:43,013
and have him cast your horoscope
so you'll know where you stand.
990
01:09:44,931 --> 01:09:46,515
What are you laughing at?
991
01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:48,267
Because I've been already.
992
01:09:48,268 --> 01:09:51,729
- Tell me.
- Well, I've got to be very careful
993
01:09:51,730 --> 01:09:54,648
for the next three months
because the sun is in Aries.
994
01:09:54,649 --> 01:09:58,777
But after that, I get a very favorable
ascendant, and the clouds will part.
995
01:09:58,778 --> 01:10:00,988
And as long as I don't lose sight
of Jupiter,
996
01:10:00,989 --> 01:10:04,117
I may go on any journey I please
because I'm an Aries.
997
01:10:04,951 --> 01:10:06,786
- And Ludovico?
- He's a Leo.
998
01:10:07,662 --> 01:10:09,706
That means sensual,
I think.
999
01:10:12,584 --> 01:10:16,212
I know that step.
It's Mr. Gaffone, the rector.
1000
01:10:25,263 --> 01:10:27,264
- Miss Galilei.
- Mr. Gaffone.
1001
01:10:27,265 --> 01:10:30,225
Just thought I'd bring you a book
that might interest your father.
1002
01:10:30,226 --> 01:10:32,269
It's about the great issue
of the moment.
1003
01:10:32,270 --> 01:10:34,772
Oh, for heaven's sake,
don't disturb Mr. Galilei.
1004
01:10:34,773 --> 01:10:37,900
I can't help feeling that every minute
taken from that great man
1005
01:10:37,901 --> 01:10:40,111
is a minute stolen
from Italy.
1006
01:10:41,237 --> 01:10:43,739
I'll just put the book
into your little hands
1007
01:10:43,740 --> 01:10:46,159
and disappear on tiptoe.
1008
01:10:47,077 --> 01:10:48,411
Afternoon.
1009
01:10:51,498 --> 01:10:52,832
Thank you.
1010
01:10:58,630 --> 01:11:00,506
What's that about?
1011
01:11:00,507 --> 01:11:02,091
I don't know.
1012
01:11:02,092 --> 01:11:06,929
- "De maculis in sole--"
- Ah, it's on the sunspots.
1013
01:11:06,930 --> 01:11:08,473
A new one.
1014
01:11:10,683 --> 01:11:12,768
Listen to the dedication:
1015
01:11:12,769 --> 01:11:16,481
"To the greatest living
authority on physics,
1016
01:11:17,148 --> 01:11:19,192
Galileo Galilei."
1017
01:11:21,653 --> 01:11:24,154
I read Fabricius' paper
the other day.
1018
01:11:24,155 --> 01:11:29,202
He thinks the spots are clusters of
planets between us and the sun.
1019
01:11:31,246 --> 01:11:33,706
Isn't that doubtful,
Mr. Galilei?
1020
01:11:36,167 --> 01:11:40,130
In Paris and Prague,
they think they're vapors from the sun.
1021
01:11:41,881 --> 01:11:45,300
- Mm.
- Federzoni has his doubts.
1022
01:11:45,301 --> 01:11:47,010
Oh, leave me out.
1023
01:11:47,011 --> 01:11:48,972
I said, "Mm."
That's all.
1024
01:11:49,848 --> 01:11:52,099
How can I doubt anything?
1025
01:11:52,100 --> 01:11:53,684
I'm lens grinder.
1026
01:11:53,685 --> 01:11:57,312
I grind lenses,
you use them.
1027
01:11:57,313 --> 01:12:00,566
You observe the heavens,
and what you see
1028
01:12:00,567 --> 01:12:03,986
is not sunspots,
but a "maculis."
1029
01:12:03,987 --> 01:12:06,363
Don't discuss these new things
in front of me.
1030
01:12:06,364 --> 01:12:08,366
I can't read the books.
It's Latin!
1031
01:12:20,128 --> 01:12:23,298
There is happiness in doubting.
I wonder why?
1032
01:12:24,382 --> 01:12:26,718
Are we going to
take this up, sir?
1033
01:12:30,305 --> 01:12:35,684
Every sunny day for the last fortnight,
I've gone up to the attic.
1034
01:12:35,685 --> 01:12:40,690
A thin beam of light comes down
through a crack in the tiles.
1035
01:12:41,816 --> 01:12:43,275
With
1036
01:12:43,276 --> 01:12:47,863
With it, you can catch
a reverse image of the sun
1037
01:12:47,864 --> 01:12:50,073
on a piece of paper.
1038
01:12:50,074 --> 01:12:55,788
On the image, I could see
a little blurred spot that moved.
1039
01:12:56,998 --> 01:13:01,503
Why don't we investigate
those spots, Mr. Galilei?
1040
01:13:02,795 --> 01:13:07,591
At the moment, we are investigating
floating bodies.
1041
01:13:07,592 --> 01:13:10,928
Mother has whole baskets
full of letters.
1042
01:13:10,929 --> 01:13:13,096
All of Europe
wants your opinion.
1043
01:13:13,097 --> 01:13:17,935
With the reputation you've built up,
you can't be silent.
1044
01:13:17,936 --> 01:13:25,025
Rome has allowed me to build up
a reputation because I've been silent.
1045
01:13:25,026 --> 01:13:28,362
Well, I don't see how you can
afford to be silent any longer.
1046
01:13:28,363 --> 01:13:33,409
I can't afford to be roasted
on a wood fire like a ham.
1047
01:13:35,703 --> 01:13:36,663
Ah.
1048
01:13:38,164 --> 01:13:43,002
You think the sunspots may have something
to do with that again.
1049
01:13:47,674 --> 01:13:50,926
All right, we'll stick
to filling a bowl with bits of ice.
1050
01:13:50,927 --> 01:13:53,888
- That can't hurt you.
- Exactly.
1051
01:13:55,139 --> 01:13:56,391
Our proposition.
1052
01:13:57,642 --> 01:14:00,852
All things that are lighter
than water float.
1053
01:14:00,853 --> 01:14:04,189
All things that are heavier
sink.
1054
01:14:04,190 --> 01:14:06,150
What does Aristotle say?
1055
01:14:08,570 --> 01:14:10,697
"Discus latus plates--
1056
01:14:11,739 --> 01:14:13,825
Translate, Fulganzio.
1057
01:14:15,660 --> 01:14:19,162
"A broad, flat disc of ice
floats in water,
1058
01:14:19,163 --> 01:14:22,374
whereas an iron needle sinks."
1059
01:14:22,375 --> 01:14:28,256
Why then, according to Aristotle,
doesn't ice sink?
1060
01:14:30,341 --> 01:14:35,137
"Because being broad and flat,
it cannot divide the water."
1061
01:14:35,138 --> 01:14:36,347
Very well.
1062
01:14:47,567 --> 01:14:50,194
I press the ice firmly,
1063
01:14:51,070 --> 01:14:53,615
down to the bottom of the bowl.
1064
01:14:56,075 --> 01:14:59,621
Now I remove the pressure
of my hand.
1065
01:15:01,956 --> 01:15:03,374
What happened?
1066
01:15:04,208 --> 01:15:05,793
It rises to the surface.
1067
01:15:06,336 --> 01:15:07,794
Correct.
1068
01:15:07,795 --> 01:15:13,176
In rising, it seems to be able
to divide the water, Fulganzio.
1069
01:15:15,345 --> 01:15:17,180
But then why does it float at all?
1070
01:15:18,556 --> 01:15:22,476
Ice is heavier than water
because it is compressed water.
1071
01:15:22,477 --> 01:15:25,605
What if it
were expanded water?
1072
01:15:26,898 --> 01:15:31,485
It must be lighter than water
or it wouldn't float.
1073
01:15:31,486 --> 01:15:32,612
Mm-hmm.
1074
01:15:33,905 --> 01:15:36,406
Just as an iron needle
can't float.
1075
01:15:36,407 --> 01:15:39,534
All things that are
lighter than water float.
1076
01:15:39,535 --> 01:15:42,663
All things that are heavier sink.
Q.E.D.
1077
01:15:42,664 --> 01:15:47,418
Andrea, you must learn
to think carefully.
1078
01:15:49,796 --> 01:15:51,673
Give me that iron needle.
1079
01:15:59,347 --> 01:16:00,973
A sheet of paper.
1080
01:16:01,933 --> 01:16:05,228
- Is iron heavier than water?
- Yes.
1081
01:16:20,118 --> 01:16:21,494
What happened?
1082
01:16:29,669 --> 01:16:31,129
It floats.
1083
01:16:32,755 --> 01:16:35,549
Holy Aristotle!
1084
01:16:35,550 --> 01:16:37,719
They never
checked up on him.
1085
01:16:50,314 --> 01:16:52,483
Every time I hear them
laugh like that...
1086
01:16:54,944 --> 01:16:56,195
I feel afraid.
1087
01:17:00,783 --> 01:17:02,160
Well!
1088
01:17:02,744 --> 01:17:04,370
Ludovico!
1089
01:17:05,413 --> 01:17:07,038
Oh.
1090
01:17:07,039 --> 01:17:09,207
Oh, why didn't you let us know
you were coming?
1091
01:17:09,208 --> 01:17:12,753
I was merely here inspecting
our vineyards at Buccioli.
1092
01:17:12,754 --> 01:17:14,756
I couldn't keep away.
1093
01:17:15,673 --> 01:17:18,217
- Who is that?
- Ludovico.
1094
01:17:20,720 --> 01:17:22,847
- Oh.
- Good clay, sir.
1095
01:17:23,598 --> 01:17:25,016
Can't you see him?
1096
01:17:26,017 --> 01:17:27,476
Let's celebrate.
1097
01:17:27,477 --> 01:17:32,063
Sarti, bring us a jug
of that old Sicilian wine.
1098
01:17:32,064 --> 01:17:34,941
- How are the horses?
- The horses are fine, sir.
1099
01:17:34,942 --> 01:17:37,612
Fine. Let's sit down.
1100
01:17:41,657 --> 01:17:43,326
Sit down, Ludovico.
1101
01:17:47,163 --> 01:17:49,040
You're looking pale.
1102
01:17:50,833 --> 01:17:53,418
Country life
will do you good.
1103
01:17:53,419 --> 01:17:55,838
Oh, Mother's planning
on September.
1104
01:17:59,550 --> 01:18:02,093
I suppose I oughtn't to.
1105
01:18:02,094 --> 01:18:04,138
Wait a moment,
I have something to show you.
1106
01:18:09,894 --> 01:18:11,937
I hear as many as
a thousand students
1107
01:18:11,938 --> 01:18:14,940
come to hear you lecture
at the university, sir.
1108
01:18:14,941 --> 01:18:16,442
What are you working on
these days?
1109
01:18:17,068 --> 01:18:18,569
Routine stuff.
1110
01:18:19,737 --> 01:18:22,948
- Did you come through Rome?
- Yes.
1111
01:18:22,949 --> 01:18:27,118
Oh, before I forget, Mother sends her
congratulations on your restraint
1112
01:18:27,119 --> 01:18:29,121
about the fuss in Holland
of the sunspots.
1113
01:18:29,747 --> 01:18:31,082
Very kind of her.
1114
01:18:35,378 --> 01:18:38,421
Christopher Clavius
had all Rome by the ears.
1115
01:18:38,422 --> 01:18:40,757
He said he was afraid this
Earth 'round the sun business
1116
01:18:40,758 --> 01:18:43,385
might crop up again
because of these spots.
1117
01:18:43,386 --> 01:18:45,137
Clavius is on
the same track.
1118
01:18:46,055 --> 01:18:47,806
Yes.
1119
01:18:47,807 --> 01:18:53,521
What news from the Holy City other than
the hope of new aberrations of my part?
1120
01:18:54,272 --> 01:18:55,857
Pope is on his deathbed.
1121
01:18:57,441 --> 01:18:58,734
Hadn't you heard?
1122
01:18:59,694 --> 01:19:01,611
Oh.
1123
01:19:01,612 --> 01:19:05,408
Who do they say is going to be
his successor?
1124
01:19:09,787 --> 01:19:11,414
They say Barberini.
1125
01:19:20,298 --> 01:19:21,591
Barberini.
1126
01:19:22,508 --> 01:19:24,676
Mr. Galilei knows Barberini.
1127
01:19:24,677 --> 01:19:27,012
Cardinal Barberini
is a mathematician.
1128
01:19:27,013 --> 01:19:29,932
A scientist in the chair of Saint Peter.
1129
01:19:31,017 --> 01:19:34,352
We might live to see the clay, Federzoni,
1130
01:19:34,353 --> 01:19:37,689
when we don't have to
look over our shoulders like criminals
1131
01:19:37,690 --> 01:19:40,776
every time we say
two and two are four.
1132
01:19:55,416 --> 01:19:58,501
Mmm. I like this wine.
1133
01:19:58,502 --> 01:20:00,503
What do you think of it, Ludovico?
1134
01:20:00,504 --> 01:20:02,131
I like it.
1135
01:20:03,507 --> 01:20:06,217
I know the hill
where it's grown.
1136
01:20:06,218 --> 01:20:08,470
The slope
is steep and stony.
1137
01:20:08,471 --> 01:20:10,389
The grape almost blue.
1138
01:20:13,225 --> 01:20:16,228
- I'm fond of this wine.
- Yes, sir.
1139
01:20:17,271 --> 01:20:20,774
Yes. There are
little shadows in it.
1140
01:20:20,775 --> 01:20:22,692
It's almost sweet.
1141
01:20:22,693 --> 01:20:26,072
Just stops
short there. Hm?
1142
01:20:29,283 --> 01:20:30,242
Andrea...
1143
01:20:31,619 --> 01:20:34,162
- bring in your contraption.
- Really?
1144
01:20:34,163 --> 01:20:36,539
He's starting on the sunspots.
1145
01:20:36,540 --> 01:20:39,501
The pope's convinced
the Earth stands still.
1146
01:20:39,502 --> 01:20:41,795
Or so the Bible proves.
1147
01:20:41,796 --> 01:20:44,339
He tries to take it
by the ears...
1148
01:20:44,340 --> 01:20:48,385
Ancl yet, and yet, it moves!
1149
01:20:48,386 --> 01:20:53,014
We might find
that the sun turns, too.
1150
01:20:53,015 --> 01:20:55,434
How would you like that,
Mr. Marsili?
1151
01:21:03,526 --> 01:21:05,068
What's all the excitement?
1152
01:21:05,069 --> 01:21:07,821
You're not going to start
those hellish goings on again, Galileo.
1153
01:21:07,822 --> 01:21:09,782
Correct me if I'm wrong...
1154
01:21:10,616 --> 01:21:13,577
Barberini is in the ascendant.
1155
01:21:14,370 --> 01:21:16,579
Your mother's uneasy.
1156
01:21:16,580 --> 01:21:19,208
And you have been sent
to investigate.
1157
01:21:21,293 --> 01:21:22,670
Clavius is right.
1158
01:21:23,629 --> 01:21:27,675
These sunspots...
do interest me.
1159
01:21:31,512 --> 01:21:33,638
How do you like my wine,
Ludovico?
1160
01:21:33,639 --> 01:21:35,473
I told you
I liked it, sir.
1161
01:21:35,474 --> 01:21:37,768
- Do you really like it?
- I like it.
1162
01:21:40,771 --> 01:21:45,234
What has my astronomy
to do with my daughter?
1163
01:21:47,361 --> 01:21:51,323
The phases of Venus don't affect
Virginia's rear end.
1164
01:21:53,117 --> 01:21:55,619
That isn't funny,
just vulgar.
1165
01:21:56,704 --> 01:21:59,081
- I'll get Virginia.
- Mrs. Sarti...
1166
01:22:00,833 --> 01:22:03,501
Marriage in families like mine
is not decided
1167
01:22:03,502 --> 01:22:05,920
by sexual considerations alone.
1168
01:22:05,921 --> 01:22:07,882
Oh, was it the family
that kept you
1169
01:22:08,049 --> 01:22:10,176
from marrying my daughter
for eight years.
1170
01:22:11,302 --> 01:22:13,344
My future wife
will have to take her place
1171
01:22:13,345 --> 01:22:14,597
in our village church.
1172
01:22:16,932 --> 01:22:21,186
If a bad man's daughter
sat in the family pew,
1173
01:22:21,187 --> 01:22:24,230
it might stop your peasants
from paying their rent.
1174
01:22:24,231 --> 01:22:25,357
In a way.
1175
01:22:30,446 --> 01:22:32,990
The reflector
and the screen...
1176
01:22:34,366 --> 01:22:38,204
will throw the image of the sun on it
to save our eyes.
1177
01:22:38,954 --> 01:22:40,580
Andrea, your method--
1178
01:22:40,581 --> 01:22:43,208
My mother was positively assured
that you'd undertaken
1179
01:22:43,209 --> 01:22:47,128
not to get mixed up in this
Earth 'round the sun business again, sir.
1180
01:22:47,129 --> 01:22:49,297
We had
a reactionary pope, then.
1181
01:22:49,298 --> 01:22:51,674
Had? His Holiness
isn't dead yet.
1182
01:22:51,675 --> 01:22:54,719
- Pretty nearly.
- Pretty nearly?
1183
01:22:54,720 --> 01:22:56,889
Fifty times, this man will weigh
a chip of ice.
1184
01:22:57,056 --> 01:23:00,350
But when it comes to something
that suits him, he believes it blindly.
1185
01:23:00,351 --> 01:23:03,895
If His Holiness dies, the new pope,
whoever he turns out to be,
1186
01:23:03,896 --> 01:23:07,775
will respect the convictions held
by the country's leading families.
1187
01:23:08,859 --> 01:23:10,443
God made the physical world.
1188
01:23:10,444 --> 01:23:11,821
God made the human brain.
1189
01:23:12,571 --> 01:23:14,323
God will allow physics.
1190
01:23:16,450 --> 01:23:19,578
Galileo,
let me tell you something.
1191
01:23:20,579 --> 01:23:22,622
I've watched my son
fall into sin
1192
01:23:22,623 --> 01:23:24,749
for the sake
of these experiments
1193
01:23:24,750 --> 01:23:27,168
and theories and observations.
1194
01:23:27,169 --> 01:23:29,547
And I haven't been able
to do anything about it.
1195
01:23:30,714 --> 01:23:32,924
You set yourself
against the authorities
1196
01:23:32,925 --> 01:23:35,009
and they gave you a warning.
1197
01:23:35,010 --> 01:23:38,889
The greatest cardinal spoke to you
the way you speak to a sick horse.
1198
01:23:39,765 --> 01:23:42,642
But it worked.
For a while.
1199
01:23:42,643 --> 01:23:45,854
But two months ago, I caught you
sneaking back to your observations.
1200
01:23:45,855 --> 01:23:47,022
I didn't say anything.
1201
01:23:47,857 --> 01:23:49,150
But I knew.
1202
01:23:50,401 --> 01:23:52,611
And I lit a candle
to St. Joseph.
1203
01:23:55,656 --> 01:23:57,324
It's more than I can bear.
1204
01:23:58,450 --> 01:24:01,828
When we're alone,
you share some sense.
1205
01:24:01,829 --> 01:24:05,415
You say you've got to behave
because it's dangerous not to.
1206
01:24:05,416 --> 01:24:07,917
But two clays
of these experiments
1207
01:24:07,918 --> 01:24:10,170
and you're as bad as ever.
1208
01:24:10,171 --> 01:24:13,923
If I lose my eternal salvation because
I stand by a heretic, that's my business.
1209
01:24:13,924 --> 01:24:17,261
But you've no right to trample your
daughter's happiness with your big feet.
1210
01:24:20,556 --> 01:24:22,140
Uncover the telescope.
1211
01:24:22,141 --> 01:24:24,268
Giuseppe, put the luggage
back in the coach.
1212
01:24:25,102 --> 01:24:26,645
Shefilnever
get over this.
1213
01:24:27,855 --> 01:24:29,564
You can tell her
yourself.
1214
01:24:29,565 --> 01:24:33,276
Mr. Galilei, if we Marsilis
were to countenance teaching
1215
01:24:33,277 --> 01:24:37,113
frowned on by the church,
it could unsettle our peasants.
1216
01:24:37,114 --> 01:24:39,991
Don't forget these poor wretches
would get everything mixed up.
1217
01:24:39,992 --> 01:24:42,827
- They're nothing but animals.
- Really?
1218
01:24:42,828 --> 01:24:44,329
I've seen the day
when my poor mother
1219
01:24:44,330 --> 01:24:46,247
has had to have a dog whipped
in front of them
1220
01:24:46,248 --> 01:24:48,208
to remind them to
keep their place.
1221
01:24:48,209 --> 01:24:49,126
Oh.
1222
01:24:50,252 --> 01:24:52,128
You may have occasionally
seen the corn
1223
01:24:52,129 --> 01:24:54,422
waving from the window
of your comfortable coach.
1224
01:24:54,423 --> 01:24:58,259
You've no doubt nibbled our olives or
absentmindedly eaten our cheese.
1225
01:24:58,260 --> 01:25:02,348
But you can have no idea how much
responsibility that sort of thing is.
1226
01:25:03,766 --> 01:25:09,396
What makes you think
I ever eat my cheese absentmindedly?
1227
01:25:10,606 --> 01:25:13,234
- Are we ready?
- Yes, sir.
1228
01:25:14,526 --> 01:25:16,945
It isn't only dogs
you whip
1229
01:25:16,946 --> 01:25:19,198
to keep discipline,
is it, Marsili?
1230
01:25:22,660 --> 01:25:25,204
Mr. Galilei,
you have a wonderful brain.
1231
01:25:26,247 --> 01:25:27,623
It's a pity.
1232
01:25:28,832 --> 01:25:31,793
- He's threatening you.
- Yes.
1233
01:25:31,794 --> 01:25:38,759
I might unsettle his peasants
and his housekeeper and his agent.
1234
01:25:39,009 --> 01:25:41,636
It's all right.
None of them speak Latin.
1235
01:25:41,637 --> 01:25:45,765
A might write in the vernacular
for the many,
1236
01:25:45,766 --> 01:25:47,768
instead of in Latin
for the few.
1237
01:25:50,062 --> 01:25:52,188
What we need
for our new ideas
1238
01:25:52,189 --> 01:25:54,984
is people who work
with their hands.
1239
01:25:56,360 --> 01:25:59,904
Who else wants to know
the causes of everything?
1240
01:25:59,905 --> 01:26:03,449
People who never see bread
except on their tables
1241
01:26:03,450 --> 01:26:05,827
don't want to know
how it's baked.
1242
01:26:05,828 --> 01:26:09,581
The bastards would rather
thank God than the baker.
1243
01:26:16,922 --> 01:26:18,257
You've made your decision.
1244
01:26:20,759 --> 01:26:23,012
You'll always be a slave
to your passions.
1245
01:26:23,929 --> 01:26:25,556
Excuse me to Virginia.
1246
01:26:27,182 --> 01:26:29,809
I think it's as well
if I don't see her now.
1247
01:26:29,810 --> 01:26:32,270
The dowry's at your disposal
at any time.
1248
01:26:32,271 --> 01:26:33,187
Good day.
1249
01:26:33,188 --> 01:26:35,481
And our regards to the Marsilis,
1250
01:26:35,482 --> 01:26:37,859
who order the Earth
to stand still
1251
01:26:37,860 --> 01:26:40,069
so that their castles
won't fall off.
1252
01:26:40,070 --> 01:26:42,905
- And the Guidos and the Orsinis.
- And the Rosellis.
1253
01:26:42,906 --> 01:26:45,616
- And the Cesarinis.
- And the Gianottis.
1254
01:26:45,617 --> 01:26:47,994
Who'll only kiss
the pope's foot
1255
01:26:47,995 --> 01:26:51,749
as long as he tramples
on the people with it.
1256
01:26:57,087 --> 01:26:59,423
The new pope will be
an enlightened man.
1257
01:27:01,675 --> 01:27:03,760
Hm.
1258
01:27:03,761 --> 01:27:10,726
No, let's start observing
these sunspots at our own risk.
1259
01:27:10,893 --> 01:27:16,064
Not counting too much on the protection
of the problematical new pope.
1260
01:27:16,065 --> 01:27:18,274
But fully confident
of dispelling
1261
01:27:18,275 --> 01:27:22,904
that Fabricius' star shadows
and the solar vapors of Paris and Prague
1262
01:27:22,905 --> 01:27:25,573
and of proving
that the sun rotates.
1263
01:27:25,574 --> 01:27:27,158
Andrea.
1264
01:27:27,159 --> 01:27:30,621
Reasonably confident of proving
that the sun rotates.
1265
01:27:31,747 --> 01:27:34,916
My intention is not to prove
that I was right,
1266
01:27:34,917 --> 01:27:37,086
but to find out whether
I was right.
1267
01:27:37,878 --> 01:27:39,213
Turn it on the sun.
1268
01:27:45,594 --> 01:27:47,471
I thought
you'd been working at it.
1269
01:27:48,597 --> 01:27:50,182
Do you know
when I guessed it?
1270
01:27:51,934 --> 01:27:54,395
When you didn't recognize
Mr. Marsili.
1271
01:28:24,007 --> 01:28:26,135
You sent him away!
1272
01:28:49,450 --> 01:28:51,034
I've got to know.
1273
01:29:29,031 --> 01:29:32,992
When the Almighty
Made the universe
1274
01:29:32,993 --> 01:29:36,496
He made the Earth
And next he made the sun
1275
01:29:36,497 --> 01:29:40,416
Then 'round the Earth,
He bade the sun to turn
1276
01:29:40,417 --> 01:29:44,462
That's in the Bible,
Genesis One
1277
01:29:44,463 --> 01:29:48,257
And since that time,
AH beings here below
1278
01:29:48,258 --> 01:29:52,095
Were in obedient circles
Meant to go
1279
01:30:01,104 --> 01:30:04,982
Around the Pope,
The cardinals
1280
01:30:04,983 --> 01:30:08,653
Around the cardinals,
The bishops
1281
01:30:08,654 --> 01:30:11,906
Around the bishops,
The ministers
1282
01:30:11,907 --> 01:30:14,909
- Oh-ho!
- Around the ministers
1283
01:30:14,910 --> 01:30:16,494
The aldermen
1284
01:30:16,495 --> 01:30:19,872
Around the alderman,
The craftsmen
1285
01:30:19,873 --> 01:30:23,376
Around the craftsmen,
The servants
1286
01:30:23,377 --> 01:30:29,883
Around the servants, the dogs,
The chickens and the beggars
1287
01:30:31,426 --> 01:30:36,264
Up stood the learned Galileo
1288
01:30:36,265 --> 01:30:40,351
Glanced briefly at the sun
1289
01:30:40,352 --> 01:30:43,729
And said Almighty God
Was wrong
1290
01:30:43,730 --> 01:30:48,485
In Genesis Chapter One
1291
01:30:49,653 --> 01:30:53,155
And that is bold, my friends
1292
01:30:53,156 --> 01:30:56,325
This is no matter small
1293
01:30:56,326 --> 01:31:01,247
For heresies could spread at once
Like bad diseases
1294
01:31:01,248 --> 01:31:04,166
Change Holy Writ, forsooth?
1295
01:31:04,167 --> 01:31:07,587
What would be left at all?
1296
01:31:07,588 --> 01:31:10,715
Why each of us
Would say and do
1297
01:31:10,716 --> 01:31:14,927
Just as he pleases
1298
01:31:14,928 --> 01:31:17,805
As he pleases
1299
01:31:17,806 --> 01:31:20,934
together}
As he pleases
1300
01:31:33,488 --> 01:31:38,117
Good people,
What will come to pass
1301
01:31:38,118 --> 01:31:42,496
If Galileo's teachings
Spread?
1302
01:31:42,497 --> 01:31:46,209
No altar boy
Will serve the mass
1303
01:31:47,586 --> 01:31:52,006
No servant girl
Will make the beds
1304
01:31:52,007 --> 01:31:55,635
Now that is grave,
My friends
1305
01:31:55,636 --> 01:31:59,305
This is no matter small
1306
01:31:59,306 --> 01:32:04,226
An independent spirit
Spreads like bad diseases
1307
01:32:04,227 --> 01:32:08,731
For life is sweet
And man is weak
1308
01:32:08,732 --> 01:32:11,317
And after all
1309
01:32:11,318 --> 01:32:13,861
How good it is
Just for a change
1310
01:32:13,862 --> 01:32:19,033
To do just as one pleases
1311
01:32:19,034 --> 01:32:22,078
As one pleases
1312
01:32:22,079 --> 01:32:25,832
As one pleases
1313
01:32:45,435 --> 01:32:50,439
The carpenters take wood
And build
1314
01:32:50,440 --> 01:32:54,985
Their houses,
Not the church's pews
1315
01:32:54,986 --> 01:32:59,532
The members
Of the cobbler's guild
1316
01:32:59,533 --> 01:33:04,286
Now boldly walk the streets
In shoes
1317
01:33:04,287 --> 01:33:08,874
The tenant kicks
The noble lord
1318
01:33:08,875 --> 01:33:13,546
Right off his land
Like that
1319
01:33:13,547 --> 01:33:18,175
The milk the wife
Once fed the priest
1320
01:33:18,176 --> 01:33:22,055
Now makes at last
Her children fat
1321
01:33:23,765 --> 01:33:27,935
Now that is grave
My friends
1322
01:33:27,936 --> 01:33:32,440
This is no matter small
1323
01:33:32,441 --> 01:33:38,612
An independent spirit
Spreads like bad diseases
1324
01:33:38,613 --> 01:33:43,325
For life is sweet
And man is weak
1325
01:33:43,326 --> 01:33:45,911
And after all
1326
01:33:45,912 --> 01:33:48,622
How good it is
Just for a change
1327
01:33:48,623 --> 01:33:54,086
To do just as one pleases
1328
01:33:54,087 --> 01:33:57,548
As one pleases
1329
01:33:57,549 --> 01:34:00,761
As one pleases
1330
01:34:37,547 --> 01:34:42,259
The duchess washes
Her chimneys
1331
01:34:42,260 --> 01:34:46,847
The emperor has to
Fetch his beer
1332
01:34:46,848 --> 01:34:51,644
His troops make love
Behind the trees
1333
01:34:51,645 --> 01:34:55,524
Commands they do not hear
1334
01:34:56,483 --> 01:35:00,069
Now that I think of it
1335
01:35:00,070 --> 01:35:03,740
I feel that I could
Also use a change
1336
01:35:05,033 --> 01:35:09,078
You know for me
You have appeal
1337
01:35:09,079 --> 01:35:13,207
Maybe tonight
We could arrange
1338
01:35:13,208 --> 01:35:17,628
No, no, no,
No, no, no, StOP
1339
01:35:17,629 --> 01:35:21,257
Galileo, stop
1340
01:35:21,258 --> 01:35:26,387
An independent spirit spreads
As do diseases
1341
01:35:26,388 --> 01:35:29,932
People must keep their place
1342
01:35:29,933 --> 01:35:32,644
Some down and some on top
1343
01:35:34,020 --> 01:35:36,480
Still it feels good
Just for a change
1344
01:35:36,481 --> 01:35:42,236
To do just as one pleases
1345
01:35:42,237 --> 01:35:45,322
As one pleases
1346
01:35:45,323 --> 01:35:48,702
As one pleases
1347
01:35:51,872 --> 01:35:54,457
Good creatures
1348
01:35:54,624 --> 01:36:00,212
Who have trouble here below
1349
01:36:00,213 --> 01:36:04,925
In serving cruel lords
1350
01:36:04,926 --> 01:36:09,805
And gentle Jesus
1351
01:36:09,806 --> 01:36:12,224
Who bids you
1352
01:36:12,225 --> 01:36:17,646
Turn the other cheek
Just so
1353
01:36:17,647 --> 01:36:20,816
While they get set
1354
01:36:20,817 --> 01:36:25,447
To strike the second blow
1355
01:36:26,489 --> 01:36:29,491
together}
Obedience
1356
01:36:29,492 --> 01:36:35,915
Will never cure your woe
1357
01:36:35,916 --> 01:36:40,002
Let each of us get wise
And do for once
1358
01:36:40,003 --> 01:36:45,341
Just as he pleases
1359
01:36:45,342 --> 01:36:52,682
As he pleases
1360
01:36:56,227 --> 01:36:58,562
Hurry, hurry, hurry!
1361
01:36:58,563 --> 01:37:01,190
Presenting Galileo's phenomenon,
1362
01:37:01,191 --> 01:37:04,611
the Earth rounding
around the sun!
1363
01:37:19,292 --> 01:37:20,418
A procession.
1364
01:38:30,238 --> 01:38:37,119
The depths are hot
1365
01:38:37,120 --> 01:38:44,251
The heights are chill
1366
01:38:44,252 --> 01:38:51,217
The streets are loud
1367
01:38:53,470 --> 01:38:59,768
The court is still
1368
01:39:11,237 --> 01:39:14,449
The Grand Duke's
been keeping us waiting a long time.
1369
01:39:15,992 --> 01:39:17,618
Yes.
1370
01:39:17,619 --> 01:39:19,161
Will he say
your book is heretical?
1371
01:39:19,162 --> 01:39:23,290
You hang around
church too much.
1372
01:39:23,291 --> 01:39:29,130
Getting up at dawn and scurrying to mass
is ruining your complexion.
1373
01:39:34,010 --> 01:39:35,970
You pray for me,
don't you?
1374
01:39:36,638 --> 01:39:38,389
I've been worried.
1375
01:39:44,813 --> 01:39:46,355
It's that man
over there, again.
1376
01:39:46,356 --> 01:39:48,483
The one who's always hanging
'round the house.
1377
01:39:51,736 --> 01:39:53,862
Here's Mr. Vanni,
the iron founder.
1378
01:39:53,863 --> 01:39:55,447
The one you designed
the furnace for.
1379
01:39:55,448 --> 01:39:58,075
Don't forget to thank him
for the quail he sent us.
1380
01:39:58,076 --> 01:40:00,410
How were the quail,
Mr. Galilei?
1381
01:40:00,411 --> 01:40:01,662
Excellent.
1382
01:40:01,663 --> 01:40:03,705
Again, many thanks.
1383
01:40:03,706 --> 01:40:05,582
They were talking
about you upstairs.
1384
01:40:05,583 --> 01:40:07,543
They're saying you're
responsible for the new crop
1385
01:40:07,544 --> 01:40:09,462
of pamphlets
against the Bible.
1386
01:40:10,380 --> 01:40:13,924
I know nothing
about pamphlets.
1387
01:40:13,925 --> 01:40:16,552
Homer and the Bible
are my favorite reading.
1388
01:40:16,553 --> 01:40:17,887
It doesn't bother me.
1389
01:40:18,054 --> 01:40:19,638
I'm glad of this chance
to tell you
1390
01:40:19,639 --> 01:40:22,891
that we, the manufacturers,
are on your side.
1391
01:40:22,892 --> 01:40:25,060
I don't know much
about the motions of the stars,
1392
01:40:25,061 --> 01:40:28,522
but you're fighting for the freedom
to teach new knowledge.
1393
01:40:28,523 --> 01:40:31,942
Take that mechanical cultivator
in German you told me about.
1394
01:40:31,943 --> 01:40:34,070
I can tell you it'll
never be used in this country.
1395
01:40:35,697 --> 01:40:38,532
Your opinion carries weight,
Vanni.
1396
01:40:38,533 --> 01:40:40,576
Well, I hope so.
1397
01:40:40,577 --> 01:40:45,205
Did you know they have money markets
in Amsterdam and London?
1398
01:40:45,206 --> 01:40:48,083
Here, we're not even free
to make money.
1399
01:40:48,084 --> 01:40:51,129
We sink or swim with men like you,
Mr. Galilei.
1400
01:40:52,422 --> 01:40:56,341
If they ever try anything,
Mr. Galilei,
1401
01:40:56,342 --> 01:40:59,595
remember you have friends
in every branch of industry.
1402
01:40:59,596 --> 01:41:02,348
The cities of Northern Italy
are behind you.
1403
01:41:04,267 --> 01:41:08,855
As far as I know,
nobody's thinking of harming me.
1404
01:41:09,772 --> 01:41:10,731
No?
1405
01:41:10,732 --> 01:41:12,233
No.
1406
01:41:14,068 --> 01:41:17,070
In my opinion,
you'd be better off in Venice.
1407
01:41:17,071 --> 01:41:18,990
You could put up a fight
from there.
1408
01:41:19,991 --> 01:41:22,201
I have a coach and horses.
1409
01:41:22,202 --> 01:41:25,495
I don't see myself as a refugee.
1410
01:41:25,496 --> 01:41:27,874
I like my comfort.
1411
01:41:28,041 --> 01:41:31,627
Yes, but from what I hear,
there's an element of time involved.
1412
01:41:31,628 --> 01:41:34,129
I got the impression
they'd be relieved
1413
01:41:34,130 --> 01:41:36,465
if you were
out of Florence just now.
1414
01:41:36,466 --> 01:41:38,009
Nonsense.
1415
01:41:38,927 --> 01:41:40,887
The Duke is my pupil.
1416
01:41:41,804 --> 01:41:43,805
Not to mention the fact
that
1417
01:41:43,806 --> 01:41:45,682
if anybody tries anything
in Rome,
1418
01:41:45,683 --> 01:41:48,810
the Pope himself
will tell him where to get off.
1419
01:41:48,811 --> 01:41:52,898
You don't seem to know your
friends from your enemies, Mr. Galilei.
1420
01:41:52,899 --> 01:41:55,026
I know who's in power.
1421
01:41:58,780 --> 01:41:59,739
Well.
1422
01:42:00,448 --> 01:42:01,449
Good luck to you.
1423
01:42:25,181 --> 01:42:27,767
What is the Cardinal Inquisitor
doing in Florence?
1424
01:42:28,935 --> 01:42:30,144
I don't know.
1425
01:42:30,979 --> 01:42:33,022
He was not disrespectful.
1426
01:42:35,650 --> 01:42:37,068
The Lord Chamberlain.
1427
01:42:39,988 --> 01:42:43,365
His Highness had hoped
to find time for you, Mr. Galilei.
1428
01:42:43,366 --> 01:42:48,662
Unfortunately, he has leave immediately
to judge the parade at the riding academy.
1429
01:42:48,663 --> 01:42:51,748
On what business did you wish
to see His Highness?
1430
01:42:51,749 --> 01:42:55,211
Um, I wanted
to present my book.
1431
01:42:57,088 --> 01:42:59,424
How are your eyes today?
1432
01:43:00,049 --> 01:43:01,717
So-so.
1433
01:43:01,718 --> 01:43:05,345
With His Highness' permission,
I'm dedicate--
1434
01:43:05,346 --> 01:43:09,891
Your eyes are a matter
of great concern to His Highness.
1435
01:43:09,892 --> 01:43:14,146
Could it be that you had been
looking too long and too often
1436
01:43:14,147 --> 01:43:16,190
through your marvelous tube?
1437
01:43:20,903 --> 01:43:22,654
Father, I'm afraid.
1438
01:43:22,655 --> 01:43:24,282
Don't show your feelings.
1439
01:43:24,991 --> 01:43:26,450
We're not going home.
1440
01:43:26,451 --> 01:43:28,535
We're going
to the glass cutters.
1441
01:43:28,536 --> 01:43:32,831
I've arranged with him to have a cart
ready to take us away at any time.
1442
01:43:32,832 --> 01:43:35,417
- Mr. Galilei?
- Don't look 'round.
1443
01:43:35,418 --> 01:43:37,753
Mr. Galilei.
1444
01:43:37,754 --> 01:43:40,672
His Highness has just charged me
to inform you
1445
01:43:40,673 --> 01:43:44,676
that the Florentine Court
can no longer oppose the request
1446
01:43:44,677 --> 01:43:48,598
of the Holy Inquisition
to interrogate you in Rome.
1447
01:43:51,309 --> 01:43:54,979
The carriage
of the Holy Inquisition is waiting.
1448
01:44:37,980 --> 01:44:40,566
The Pope
1449
01:45:18,938 --> 01:45:21,232
No, no, no.
1450
01:45:23,860 --> 01:45:25,653
Oh, the shuffling feet.
1451
01:45:29,699 --> 01:45:32,033
Doctors of all the faculties,
1452
01:45:32,034 --> 01:45:36,122
representatives of all the religious
orders of the entire clergy...
1453
01:45:37,915 --> 01:45:41,001
who have come believing
with childlike faith in the word of God
1454
01:45:41,002 --> 01:45:43,879
as set forth
in the Scriptures,
1455
01:45:43,880 --> 01:45:46,674
who have come to hear
Your Holiness confirm their faith.
1456
01:45:51,220 --> 01:45:54,139
Ancl Your Holiness
is really going to tell them
1457
01:45:54,140 --> 01:45:58,977
that the Bible can no longer be regarded
as the alphabet truth.
1458
01:45:58,978 --> 01:46:03,024
I will not set myself up
against the multiplication table, no.
1459
01:46:04,901 --> 01:46:07,277
It is what these people say,
1460
01:46:07,278 --> 01:46:10,489
that it is only
the multiplication table.
1461
01:46:10,490 --> 01:46:13,409
Their cry is,
"Figures compel us."
1462
01:46:14,452 --> 01:46:16,412
But where do the figures
come from?
1463
01:46:17,413 --> 01:46:19,415
Plainly, they come from doubt.
1464
01:46:22,251 --> 01:46:23,878
These people doubt everything.
1465
01:46:25,880 --> 01:46:29,592
Can society stand on doubt
instead of on faith?
1466
01:46:35,598 --> 01:46:37,266
"You are my master.
1467
01:46:38,643 --> 01:46:41,020
Ancl I doubt whether
that is a good arrangement.
1468
01:46:42,939 --> 01:46:45,315
This is your house, your wife,
1469
01:46:45,316 --> 01:46:47,568
but I doubt whether
they shouldn't be mine."
1470
01:46:49,570 --> 01:46:51,446
After the plague,
1471
01:46:51,447 --> 01:46:53,615
after the new war,
1472
01:46:53,616 --> 01:46:56,576
and after the unparalleled
disaster of the Reformation,
1473
01:46:56,577 --> 01:46:59,789
your dwindling flock
is looking to its shepherd.
1474
01:47:01,123 --> 01:47:03,416
And now these worms
of mathematicians
1475
01:47:03,417 --> 01:47:06,211
choose this moment
to turn their tubes upon the sky
1476
01:47:06,212 --> 01:47:10,967
and announce that Your Holiness has not
the best advice about the heavens either.
1477
01:47:12,385 --> 01:47:15,220
This man is the greatest physicist
of our time.
1478
01:47:15,221 --> 01:47:18,890
He is the life of Italy,
not just some crank.
1479
01:47:18,891 --> 01:47:20,893
Would we have had
to arrest him otherwise?
1480
01:47:23,396 --> 01:47:25,188
Aristotle...
1481
01:47:25,189 --> 01:47:30,318
whom these renegades otherwise
regard as a dead dog, said...
1482
01:47:30,319 --> 01:47:33,780
"If the shuttle were to weave
by itself,
1483
01:47:33,781 --> 01:47:36,866
masters would no longer
need apprentices
1484
01:47:36,867 --> 01:47:38,995
nor lords servants.
1485
01:47:40,037 --> 01:47:43,290
Well, they believe
this time has come.
1486
01:47:43,291 --> 01:47:45,542
Ancl this evil man
knows what he's doing.
1487
01:47:45,543 --> 01:47:48,879
And he writes his books
not in Latin,
1488
01:47:49,046 --> 01:47:52,299
but in the language of
iron founders and fishwives.
1489
01:47:52,300 --> 01:47:55,094
Well, it's certainly
not in the best of taste.
1490
01:47:56,012 --> 01:47:57,722
I'll mention it to him.
1491
01:48:02,852 --> 01:48:05,270
The seaports
of Northern Italy keep insisting
1492
01:48:05,271 --> 01:48:07,398
they must have Galileo's star charts.
1493
01:48:08,399 --> 01:48:10,692
Well, we shall have to give in.
1494
01:48:10,693 --> 01:48:13,237
There are material interests
involved.
1495
01:48:14,864 --> 01:48:17,824
But the star charts are based
on his heretical teachings.
1496
01:48:17,825 --> 01:48:20,703
We cannot damn the teachings
and still use the star charts.
1497
01:48:21,537 --> 01:48:23,372
No, you cannot
do otherwise.
1498
01:48:26,542 --> 01:48:29,295
All those shuffling feet
make me nervous.
1499
01:48:31,047 --> 01:48:34,175
May they be more telling
than my words, Your Holiness.
1500
01:48:37,637 --> 01:48:41,140
Shall all these go from you
with doubt in their hearts?
1501
01:48:42,433 --> 01:48:44,768
But this man has friends.
1502
01:48:44,769 --> 01:48:46,853
What about France?
1503
01:48:46,854 --> 01:48:48,480
What about the Viennese court?
1504
01:48:48,481 --> 01:48:50,649
They will call the church
a cesspool of defunct ideas.
1505
01:48:50,650 --> 01:48:52,067
Keep your hands off him.
1506
01:48:52,068 --> 01:48:54,570
Well, actually, we shouldn't
have to go very far.
1507
01:48:55,571 --> 01:48:57,656
He's a man of the flesh.
1508
01:48:57,657 --> 01:48:59,659
Oh, he'd cave in very quickly.
1509
01:49:01,285 --> 01:49:03,953
Well, he likes eating,
1510
01:49:03,954 --> 01:49:07,833
drinking and thinking
more than any man I ever knew.
1511
01:49:09,001 --> 01:49:11,837
He gets pleasure
out of everything.
1512
01:49:12,797 --> 01:49:15,174
Even his thinking is central.
1513
01:49:16,133 --> 01:49:18,927
He indulges in thinking bouts.
1514
01:49:18,928 --> 01:49:23,391
He could never say no
to an old wine or a new idea.
1515
01:49:26,894 --> 01:49:29,604
I don't want
any condemnation of physical facts.
1516
01:49:29,605 --> 01:49:31,981
I don't want to hear
any battle cries of
1517
01:49:31,982 --> 01:49:35,444
"Church, church, church,
reason, reason, reason."
1518
01:49:37,613 --> 01:49:40,824
I gave him leave to write his book
on condition it ended by saying
1519
01:49:40,825 --> 01:49:44,119
the last word is not with science
but with faith.
1520
01:49:44,120 --> 01:49:47,122
- He has complied.
- But how?
1521
01:49:47,123 --> 01:49:51,334
His book shows a simpleton propounding
the opinions of Aristotle
1522
01:49:51,335 --> 01:49:55,005
and an intelligent man
expressing Galileo's own views.
1523
01:49:56,340 --> 01:49:59,134
And who makes the concluding remark,
Your Holiness?
1524
01:49:59,135 --> 01:50:00,927
But who states our opinion?
1525
01:50:00,928 --> 01:50:02,847
Not the intelligent one.
1526
01:50:05,349 --> 01:50:07,268
Oh, these shuffling feet
are intolerable.
1527
01:50:11,313 --> 01:50:13,441
Has the whole world
come to me?
1528
01:50:16,610 --> 01:50:19,238
At the very most,
he may be shown the instruments.
1529
01:50:20,364 --> 01:50:22,950
That will be enough,
Your Holiness.
1530
01:50:24,368 --> 01:50:27,872
Mr. Galilei
understands machinery.
1531
01:50:33,669 --> 01:50:39,215
June 22, 1633
1532
01:50:39,216 --> 01:50:42,886
A momentous day
1533
01:50:42,887 --> 01:50:46,222
For you and me
1534
01:50:46,223 --> 01:50:49,726
Of all the days
1535
01:50:49,727 --> 01:50:51,978
That was the one
1536
01:50:51,979 --> 01:50:58,903
The Age of Reason
Could have begun
1537
01:51:18,798 --> 01:51:20,466
23 days.
1538
01:51:23,427 --> 01:51:26,013
And the Pope hasn't even
granted him an audience.
1539
01:51:32,603 --> 01:51:35,105
No more
scientific discussions.
1540
01:51:38,901 --> 01:51:40,528
The Discorsi...
1541
01:51:42,112 --> 01:51:44,532
the sum of his findings
will never be finished.
1542
01:51:45,199 --> 01:51:46,158
They'll kill him.
1543
01:51:49,078 --> 01:51:50,746
Do you really think so?
1544
01:51:51,622 --> 01:51:53,874
He'll never recant.
1545
01:52:21,068 --> 01:52:23,362
You know how when
you lie awake at night...
1546
01:52:24,947 --> 01:52:27,283
your mind will fasten
onto one thing?
1547
01:52:29,535 --> 01:52:31,578
Last night I kept thinking,
if only they'd let him
1548
01:52:31,579 --> 01:52:34,706
take his little stone
in with him.
1549
01:52:34,707 --> 01:52:38,043
The appeal to reason pebble
he always carries in his pocket.
1550
01:52:40,170 --> 01:52:44,466
In the room they'll be taking him to,
people don't wear pockets.
1551
01:52:45,092 --> 01:52:46,677
They won't dare.
1552
01:52:47,720 --> 01:52:51,974
And if they do,
he'll never recant.
1553
01:52:53,225 --> 01:52:55,101
How can they beat the truth out of a man
1554
01:52:55,102 --> 01:52:56,812
who gave his sight
to see?
1555
01:52:59,690 --> 01:53:01,108
Maybe they can't.
1556
01:53:10,701 --> 01:53:13,161
She is praying
that he will recant.
1557
01:53:13,162 --> 01:53:14,496
Leave her alone.
1558
01:53:16,916 --> 01:53:21,086
She doesn't know whether she's on her head
or her heels since they talked to her.
1559
01:53:25,758 --> 01:53:28,385
They brought her confessor
from Florence.
1560
01:53:29,386 --> 01:53:31,722
Mr. Galilei will be here soon.
1561
01:53:33,265 --> 01:53:35,391
You may need a bed.
1562
01:53:35,392 --> 01:53:37,602
Has he been released?
1563
01:53:37,603 --> 01:53:41,606
Mr. Galilei is expected
to recant at five o'clock.
1564
01:53:41,607 --> 01:53:45,652
As soon as he recants,
the big bell of Santa Maria will be rung,
1565
01:53:45,653 --> 01:53:50,114
and the complete text
of his recantation publicly announced.
1566
01:53:50,115 --> 01:53:52,284
I don't believe it.
1567
01:53:56,080 --> 01:53:59,749
Mr. Galilei will be brought here
to the back of the embassy
1568
01:53:59,750 --> 01:54:02,962
to avoid the crowds
collecting in the street.
1569
01:54:10,552 --> 01:54:14,598
The moon is an earth
and has no light of its own.
1570
01:54:15,641 --> 01:54:17,893
Venus has no light
of its own, either.
1571
01:54:18,978 --> 01:54:21,814
Like the Earth,
it moves 'round the sun.
1572
01:54:22,815 --> 01:54:25,191
Four moons
revolve around Jupiter,
1573
01:54:25,192 --> 01:54:28,277
which is as far away
as the fixed stars
1574
01:54:28,278 --> 01:54:32,657
and not fixed
to any crystal sphere.
1575
01:54:32,658 --> 01:54:37,870
The sun is the center of the universe
and immovable.
1576
01:54:37,871 --> 01:54:43,210
The Earth is not the center
and is not immovable!
1577
01:54:46,714 --> 01:54:50,467
And he was the man
who proved it.
1578
01:54:51,593 --> 01:54:54,471
A man can't unsee
what he has seen.
1579
01:55:06,608 --> 01:55:08,485
Well, it's five o'clock.
1580
01:55:12,656 --> 01:55:14,950
Damned for telling the truth.
1581
01:55:20,497 --> 01:55:21,874
No bell.
1582
01:55:25,919 --> 01:55:26,879
No bell.
1583
01:55:27,588 --> 01:55:28,839
It's after the hour.
1584
01:55:36,388 --> 01:55:37,765
He hasn't!
1585
01:55:38,724 --> 01:55:40,017
He hasn't!
1586
01:55:42,811 --> 01:55:44,021
He held firm.
1587
01:55:46,148 --> 01:55:47,191
It's all right.
1588
01:55:49,651 --> 01:55:50,611
It's all right.
1589
01:55:51,612 --> 01:55:54,906
He didn't recant.
1590
01:55:54,907 --> 01:55:58,077
Oh, no!
1591
01:55:59,411 --> 01:56:01,120
So...
1592
01:56:01,121 --> 01:56:03,289
force isn't everything.
1593
01:56:03,290 --> 01:56:05,416
Stupidity isn't invincible.
1594
01:56:05,417 --> 01:56:09,088
Man is steadfast
in the face of death!
1595
01:56:09,755 --> 01:56:14,300
June the 22nd, 1633,
1596
01:56:14,301 --> 01:56:16,887
the dawn
of the Age of Reason.
1597
01:56:18,514 --> 01:56:21,808
I wouldn't have wanted to go on living
if he'd recanted.
1598
01:56:21,809 --> 01:56:24,228
I didn't say anything,
but I was in agony.
1599
01:56:25,187 --> 01:56:27,480
Oh, ye of little faith!
1600
01:56:27,481 --> 01:56:30,316
I was sure.
I was sure.
1601
01:56:30,317 --> 01:56:34,070
It would've been as if the clay
had turned back to night again.
1602
01:56:34,071 --> 01:56:37,323
As if the mountain said, "I am water."
1603
01:56:37,324 --> 01:56:38,741
Oh, thank God!
1604
01:56:38,742 --> 01:56:42,662
That God and humanity
can lift its head,
1605
01:56:42,663 --> 01:56:48,460
for one man has stood up
and said, "No!"
1606
01:56:55,259 --> 01:56:57,344
The great bell
of Santa Maria.
1607
01:56:58,011 --> 01:57:00,222
He is not damned!
1608
01:57:08,981 --> 01:57:12,275
"I, Galileo Galilei,
1609
01:57:12,276 --> 01:57:15,278
teacher of mathematics
and physics,
1610
01:57:15,279 --> 01:57:18,030
at the University of Florence,
1611
01:57:18,031 --> 01:57:21,826
do hereby publicly
renounce my teaching
1612
01:57:21,827 --> 01:57:26,330
that the sun is the center
of the universe and motionless
1613
01:57:26,331 --> 01:57:31,627
and the Earth is not the center
and not motionless.
1614
01:57:31,628 --> 01:57:38,426
I forswear this teaching
with a sincere heart and unfaded faith,
1615
01:57:38,427 --> 01:57:41,512
and I abjure,
condemn and execrate
1616
01:57:41,513 --> 01:57:45,266
this and all other errors
and heresies
1617
01:57:45,267 --> 01:57:49,813
contrary to the teaching
of Holy Church.
1618
01:58:06,496 --> 01:58:07,831
So...
1619
01:58:09,416 --> 01:58:11,877
the mountain turned to water.
1620
01:58:13,462 --> 01:58:15,296
I can't look at him.
1621
01:58:15,297 --> 01:58:17,716
- Tell him to go away!
- Steady.
1622
01:58:20,010 --> 01:58:24,181
He saved his big gut!
1623
01:58:28,769 --> 01:58:30,604
Get him a drink.
1624
01:58:47,579 --> 01:58:49,289
I can walk, I can...
1625
01:58:50,374 --> 01:58:52,209
If you just
help me a little...
1626
01:59:02,803 --> 01:59:05,472
Unhappy is the land...
1627
01:59:06,765 --> 01:59:08,475
that has no heroes.
1628
01:59:14,356 --> 01:59:15,607
Incorrect.
1629
01:59:16,900 --> 01:59:18,944
Unhappy is the land...
1630
01:59:19,569 --> 01:59:21,238
that needs a hero.
1631
01:59:53,020 --> 02:00:00,026
Sixteen hundred thirty three
1632
02:00:00,027 --> 02:00:06,992
To 1642
1633
02:00:10,037 --> 02:00:14,123
Galileo
1634
02:00:14,124 --> 02:00:21,088
Galilei
1635
02:00:21,089 --> 02:00:26,594
Is a prisoner
1636
02:00:26,595 --> 02:00:33,601
Of the Inquisition
1637
02:00:33,602 --> 02:00:37,981
Until his death
1638
02:00:59,795 --> 02:01:01,588
I was told to deliver this.
1639
02:01:02,381 --> 02:01:04,340
I didn't order
a goose.
1640
02:01:04,341 --> 02:01:07,344
I was told to say it was from
someone who was passing through.
1641
02:01:15,644 --> 02:01:18,438
Someone who was passing through
sent you this.
1642
02:01:19,439 --> 02:01:20,649
What is it?
1643
02:01:21,233 --> 02:01:22,401
Can't you see?
1644
02:01:23,443 --> 02:01:24,444
No.
1645
02:01:25,654 --> 02:01:26,863
A goose.
1646
02:01:28,115 --> 02:01:30,200
- Any name?
- No.
1647
02:01:31,243 --> 02:01:33,285
I'll eat the liver.
1648
02:01:33,286 --> 02:01:36,498
Have it cooked
with an apple and an onion.
1649
02:01:41,503 --> 02:01:44,506
Tell them to cook the liver
with an apple and a little onion.
1650
02:01:48,051 --> 02:01:49,844
We ought to get the eye doctor
for Father.
1651
02:01:49,845 --> 02:01:51,346
He couldn't see
what it was.
1652
02:01:52,305 --> 02:01:54,390
Has he started
to write again?
1653
02:01:54,391 --> 02:01:57,184
No. You know he's been
dictating his book to me.
1654
02:01:57,185 --> 02:02:00,729
I gave you
pages 131 and 132.
1655
02:02:00,730 --> 02:02:02,357
They were the last.
1656
02:02:08,864 --> 02:02:10,365
He's an old fox.
1657
02:02:17,038 --> 02:02:19,832
You ought to have been able
to see that goose.
1658
02:02:19,833 --> 02:02:23,669
- You were standing in my light--
- No, I wasn't.
1659
02:02:23,670 --> 02:02:26,256
You're straining your eyes
playing with that ball.
1660
02:02:27,549 --> 02:02:30,176
You may read me
some Horace.
1661
02:02:30,177 --> 02:02:33,762
We ought to get on with your weekly letter
to the archbishop.
1662
02:02:33,763 --> 02:02:37,058
I've been told he's very pleased
with your cooperativeness.
1663
02:02:37,809 --> 02:02:39,144
Where were we?
1664
02:02:41,062 --> 02:02:45,858
- Paragraph four.
- Read what you have.
1665
02:02:45,859 --> 02:02:49,820
"The position of the church in the matter
of the unrest at Genoa.
1666
02:02:49,821 --> 02:02:52,072
I agree with the opinion
of Cardinal Spoletti
1667
02:02:52,073 --> 02:02:55,075
on the matter of the unrest
amongst the Venetian bell rope makers."
1668
02:02:55,076 --> 02:03:00,331
Yes, yes, yes. I agree with the opinion
of Cardinal Spoletti
1669
02:03:00,332 --> 02:03:04,835
about the unrest among
the rope makers.
1670
02:03:04,836 --> 02:03:09,548
It's better
to distribute good soup
1671
02:03:09,549 --> 02:03:11,926
in the name of charity
1672
02:03:11,927 --> 02:03:17,264
than to pay more
to the bell rope makers.
1673
02:03:17,265 --> 02:03:23,063
Saint Paul says,
"Charity never faileth."
1674
02:03:23,855 --> 02:03:25,356
How is that?
1675
02:03:25,357 --> 02:03:27,359
- It's beautiful, Father.
- Good.
1676
02:03:28,193 --> 02:03:30,237
Couldn't be taken as irony?
1677
02:03:32,197 --> 02:03:34,365
- No.
- Good.
1678
02:03:34,366 --> 02:03:37,159
The archbishop will like it.
It's so practical.
1679
02:03:37,160 --> 02:03:39,913
Mm, I trust your judgment.
1680
02:03:40,997 --> 02:03:43,083
Read it over slowly.
1681
02:03:45,752 --> 02:03:49,338
"The position of the church
in the matter of the unrest at Genoa.
1682
02:03:49,339 --> 02:03:51,424
I agree with the opinion
of Cardinal Sp0letti--
1683
02:03:53,426 --> 02:03:56,805
"on the matter of the unrest
amongst the Venetian bell rope makers."
1684
02:04:15,740 --> 02:04:18,159
I'm sorry to call so late
in the afternoon.
1685
02:04:19,828 --> 02:04:21,454
I'm on my way
to Holland.
1686
02:04:22,581 --> 02:04:25,874
I was asked to see him
on my way though,
1687
02:04:25,875 --> 02:04:27,586
bring
the latest news of him.
1688
02:04:31,172 --> 02:04:32,716
May I go in?
1689
02:04:34,217 --> 02:04:36,261
I don't know
whether he'll see you.
1690
02:04:38,054 --> 02:04:39,472
You never came.
1691
02:04:43,226 --> 02:04:44,185
Ask.
1692
02:04:44,978 --> 02:04:47,147
Is that Andrea?
1693
02:04:49,399 --> 02:04:51,483
Yes, I'll send him away.
1694
02:04:51,484 --> 02:04:52,819
Bring him in.
1695
02:05:25,727 --> 02:05:27,979
Have you been keeping well,
Mr. Galilei?
1696
02:05:30,190 --> 02:05:31,816
Sit down.
1697
02:05:38,948 --> 02:05:41,117
What are you doing these days?
1698
02:05:43,745 --> 02:05:45,537
What are you working on?
1699
02:05:45,538 --> 02:05:49,333
I heard it was something
about hydraulics in Milan.
1700
02:05:49,334 --> 02:05:51,418
Fabricius in Amsterdam
1701
02:05:51,419 --> 02:05:55,882
asked me to visit you
and inquire about your health.
1702
02:05:56,049 --> 02:06:00,136
I'm very well.
I receive every attention.
1703
02:06:01,262 --> 02:06:03,847
I'm glad I can report
you're in good health.
1704
02:06:03,848 --> 02:06:07,643
Hm. And you might inform
Fabricius
1705
02:06:07,644 --> 02:06:11,523
that thanks to the depths
of my repentance,
1706
02:06:12,399 --> 02:06:15,901
I live in comparative comfort
1707
02:06:15,902 --> 02:06:21,073
and am allowed certain
scientific pursuits
1708
02:06:21,074 --> 02:06:24,703
- under clerical supervision.
- Yes.
1709
02:06:26,037 --> 02:06:28,873
We understand the church
is more than pleased with you.
1710
02:06:30,583 --> 02:06:33,169
Your complete submission
has had its effect.
1711
02:06:34,295 --> 02:06:37,506
Not one single paper
expounding a new thesis
1712
02:06:37,507 --> 02:06:39,634
has been published
in Italy since.
1713
02:06:40,343 --> 02:06:43,512
Hm. Unfortunately...
1714
02:06:43,513 --> 02:06:48,518
there are countries
not under the wing of the church.
1715
02:06:50,103 --> 02:06:55,316
I'm afraid the condemned theories
are being taught there.
1716
02:06:56,735 --> 02:06:59,320
Things are almost
at a standstill.
1717
02:07:01,448 --> 02:07:02,699
Are they?
1718
02:07:05,326 --> 02:07:08,162
Nothing from Descartes
in Paris?
1719
02:07:08,163 --> 02:07:10,247
Yes.
1720
02:07:10,248 --> 02:07:12,791
When he heard
you had recanted,
1721
02:07:12,792 --> 02:07:16,004
he put aside his treatise
on the nature of light.
1722
02:07:23,428 --> 02:07:28,433
I sometimes worry
about my assistants whom I led into error.
1723
02:07:31,436 --> 02:07:34,355
Have they benefited
by my example?
1724
02:07:35,815 --> 02:07:38,109
In order
to carry on working,
1725
02:07:39,194 --> 02:07:41,362
I have to go to Holland.
1726
02:07:42,822 --> 02:07:44,865
Yes, yes.
1727
02:07:44,866 --> 02:07:48,744
Federzoni is grinding lenses again.
1728
02:07:48,745 --> 02:07:51,414
Back in some shop.
1729
02:07:52,457 --> 02:07:53,875
He doesn't know Latin.
1730
02:07:54,042 --> 02:07:58,755
Fulganzio, our little monk,
has given up science...
1731
02:07:59,672 --> 02:08:02,591
- and returned to the fold.
- Mm.
1732
02:08:02,592 --> 02:08:05,719
The church is looking forward to my
father's complete spiritual recovery.
1733
02:08:05,720 --> 02:08:08,890
Virginia,
go and see to the goose.
1734
02:08:14,062 --> 02:08:15,730
I don't like that man.
1735
02:08:18,858 --> 02:08:20,109
He's harmless.
1736
02:08:21,319 --> 02:08:22,737
He was his pupil.
1737
02:08:23,613 --> 02:08:25,490
So now he's his enemy.
1738
02:08:50,765 --> 02:08:55,728
I can't think why you've come
to unsettle me, Sarti.
1739
02:08:57,146 --> 02:09:00,941
Even as it is,
I have my relapses.
1740
02:09:00,942 --> 02:09:03,361
I've no desire
to upset you.
1741
02:09:07,782 --> 02:09:09,367
What relapses?
1742
02:09:14,289 --> 02:09:16,374
I've been writing again.
1743
02:09:18,877 --> 02:09:21,254
I finished the Discorsi.
1744
02:09:24,716 --> 02:09:27,677
The discoveries concerning
two new branches of science.
1745
02:09:28,303 --> 02:09:29,762
Here.
1746
02:09:32,473 --> 02:09:35,018
My superiors aren't stupid.
1747
02:09:36,644 --> 02:09:41,357
They know ingrained vices
can't be cured overnight.
1748
02:09:45,320 --> 02:09:48,989
I am allowed ink and paper.
1749
02:09:48,990 --> 02:09:52,327
The Discorsi
in the hands of the monks.
1750
02:09:53,661 --> 02:09:58,124
Amsterdam, London and Prague
are starving for this book.
1751
02:09:59,876 --> 02:10:02,879
They locked the pages away
as I dictated them.
1752
02:10:10,011 --> 02:10:15,141
But I copied out each batch
at night beforehand.
1753
02:10:21,314 --> 02:10:23,900
I suppose it's
the height of folly...
1754
02:10:24,984 --> 02:10:26,527
to pass it on.
1755
02:10:36,913 --> 02:10:39,082
You'll find it in the globe.
1756
02:10:48,216 --> 02:10:54,222
My foolish vanity has prevented
me from destroying it up to now.
1757
02:10:58,851 --> 02:11:02,813
If you were to consider
taking it across the border,
1758
02:11:02,814 --> 02:11:04,983
you'd have to bear the risk.
1759
02:11:08,528 --> 02:11:10,822
The Discorsi.
1760
02:11:16,035 --> 02:11:21,415
"It is my opinion that the Earth
is very noble and admirable
1761
02:11:21,416 --> 02:11:27,462
by reason of so many and so different
alterations and generations
1762
02:11:27,463 --> 02:11:30,507
which are incessantly made
therein."
1763
02:11:30,508 --> 02:11:33,636
I had to do something
with my time.
1764
02:11:36,848 --> 02:11:40,517
This will be the start
of a new physics.
1765
02:11:40,518 --> 02:11:43,646
- Put it under your coat.
- And we thought you'd deserted us.
1766
02:11:45,064 --> 02:11:47,442
Mine has been the loudest voice
against you.
1767
02:11:48,234 --> 02:11:50,278
That was as it should be.
1768
02:11:51,446 --> 02:11:53,364
I taught you science...
1769
02:11:54,532 --> 02:11:57,200
and I denied the truth.
1770
02:11:57,201 --> 02:11:59,412
This changes everything.
1771
02:12:01,039 --> 02:12:04,624
- Yes?
- You hid the truth from the enemy.
1772
02:12:04,625 --> 02:12:07,586
Even in ethics,
you were centuries ahead of us.
1773
02:12:07,587 --> 02:12:10,423
- Ethics?
- We lost our heads.
1774
02:12:11,716 --> 02:12:13,592
With a crowd
at street corners,
1775
02:12:13,593 --> 02:12:16,888
we said he'll die,
but he'll never surrender.
1776
02:12:17,055 --> 02:12:19,139
You came back,
I surrendered.
1777
02:12:19,140 --> 02:12:20,807
But I'm alive.
1778
02:12:20,808 --> 02:12:23,060
We cried your hands
are stained.
1779
02:12:23,061 --> 02:12:27,647
You say,
"Better stained than empty."
1780
02:12:27,648 --> 02:12:30,443
Better stained than empty.
1781
02:12:31,152 --> 02:12:32,487
New.
1782
02:12:34,906 --> 02:12:36,491
Sounds realistic.
1783
02:12:37,533 --> 02:12:39,535
Sounds like me.
1784
02:12:41,454 --> 02:12:43,164
New science.
1785
02:12:44,082 --> 02:12:45,415
New ethics.
1786
02:12:45,416 --> 02:12:49,336
I, of all people,
should've understood.
1787
02:12:49,337 --> 02:12:54,382
I was 12 when you sold another man's
telescope to the Venetian Senate
1788
02:12:54,383 --> 02:12:56,927
and then saw you
put it to immortal use.
1789
02:12:56,928 --> 02:12:59,096
You always laughed
at heroics.
1790
02:12:59,097 --> 02:13:01,848
"People who suffer bore me,"
you said.
1791
02:13:01,849 --> 02:13:04,810
Misfortunes
are mainly miscalculations.
1792
02:13:04,811 --> 02:13:07,687
- I remember.
- So ...
1793
02:13:07,688 --> 02:13:11,733
when you agreed to abjure one popular item
of your doctrine in '33,
1794
02:13:11,734 --> 02:13:13,527
I should've known .
1795
02:13:13,528 --> 02:13:16,905
You were just withdrawing
from a hopeless political brawl
1796
02:13:16,906 --> 02:13:20,326
in order to further the true interests
of science.
1797
02:13:22,078 --> 02:13:23,871
Which are?
1798
02:13:25,456 --> 02:13:29,084
The study of the properties of motion,
the mother of machines,
1799
02:13:29,085 --> 02:13:32,754
which will make the Earth
so good to live on.
1800
02:13:32,755 --> 02:13:36,384
We shall have no need of heaven.
1801
02:13:37,760 --> 02:13:40,512
You got the leisure
to write a scientific work
1802
02:13:40,513 --> 02:13:42,681
which you alone could write.
1803
02:13:42,682 --> 02:13:46,017
Had you burned at the stake
in a blaze of glory,
1804
02:13:46,018 --> 02:13:47,687
the others
would have won.
1805
02:13:49,230 --> 02:13:50,731
They have won.
1806
02:13:53,234 --> 02:13:54,818
Besides...
1807
02:13:54,819 --> 02:14:01,576
There's no scientific work
that only one man can write.
1808
02:14:04,370 --> 02:14:05,830
Then why did you recant?
1809
02:14:07,623 --> 02:14:10,293
I recanted because...
1810
02:14:11,127 --> 02:14:14,088
I was afraid of physical pain.
1811
02:14:19,927 --> 02:14:21,429
It was not a plan.
1812
02:14:22,555 --> 02:14:24,307
No, it was not.
1813
02:14:29,979 --> 02:14:33,899
In science,
only one thing counts:
1814
02:14:33,900 --> 02:14:36,109
Contribution to knowledge.
1815
02:14:36,110 --> 02:14:40,906
And you have contributed more
than any man in a hundred years.
1816
02:14:40,907 --> 02:14:42,325
Have I?
1817
02:14:48,206 --> 02:14:50,833
Contributed for whom?
1818
02:14:53,002 --> 02:14:55,670
Welcome to my gutter,
1819
02:14:55,671 --> 02:14:59,883
brother scientist
and fellow traitor.
1820
02:14:59,884 --> 02:15:03,011
I sold out, you're a buyer.
1821
02:15:03,012 --> 02:15:08,433
The first sight of the book,
the curses are drowned.
1822
02:15:08,434 --> 02:15:12,938
Hallowed be our bargaining,
whitewashing,
1823
02:15:12,939 --> 02:15:14,981
death-fearing community.
1824
02:15:14,982 --> 02:15:19,110
Science is not concerned
with our personal weakness.
1825
02:15:19,111 --> 02:15:22,239
No? My clear Sarti...
1826
02:15:22,240 --> 02:15:24,407
even in my
present situation,
1827
02:15:24,408 --> 02:15:29,204
I may still be able to give you
a few pointers about science.
1828
02:15:29,205 --> 02:15:32,624
In my spare time--
and I've got plenty of that--
1829
02:15:32,625 --> 02:15:35,001
I've gone over my case.
1830
02:15:35,002 --> 02:15:38,797
The pursuit of science
calls for particular courage.
1831
02:15:38,798 --> 02:15:42,842
It deals in knowledge
distilled from doubt.
1832
02:15:42,843 --> 02:15:46,680
Our new art of doubting
delighted the people.
1833
02:15:46,681 --> 02:15:49,266
They tore the telescope
out of our hands
1834
02:15:49,267 --> 02:15:52,018
and turned it
on their tormenters.
1835
02:15:52,019 --> 02:15:54,312
Princes, landowners.
1836
02:15:54,313 --> 02:15:56,481
Priests.
1837
02:15:56,482 --> 02:16:00,527
These men felt
the cold eye of science
1838
02:16:00,528 --> 02:16:04,948
being turned
on an age-old poverty
1839
02:16:04,949 --> 02:16:08,118
that could clearly
be got rid of
1840
02:16:08,119 --> 02:16:12,331
if only they
were got rid of themselves.
1841
02:16:14,458 --> 02:16:17,128
So we are deluged
1842
02:16:18,337 --> 02:16:22,299
with threats and bribes.
1843
02:16:22,300 --> 02:16:27,888
But can we cut ourselves off from
the people and still remain scientists?
1844
02:16:30,349 --> 02:16:35,687
The battle to measure the heavens
is won by doubt.
1845
02:16:35,688 --> 02:16:39,607
By credulity, the Roman housewives'
battle for milk
1846
02:16:39,608 --> 02:16:41,777
will be lost again and again.
1847
02:16:43,738 --> 02:16:48,576
Science, Sarti,
is involved in both struggles.
1848
02:16:49,827 --> 02:16:52,788
What are you scientists
working for?
1849
02:16:54,665 --> 02:16:59,252
The sole aim of science,
to my mind...
1850
02:16:59,253 --> 02:17:03,966
is to lighten the toil
of human existence.
1851
02:17:05,051 --> 02:17:08,763
If... you give away
to coercion...
1852
02:17:10,014 --> 02:17:16,354
Your progress must be progress
away from humanity.
1853
02:17:17,938 --> 02:17:22,817
The gulf between you
and humanity
1854
02:17:22,818 --> 02:17:25,445
might grow so wide
1855
02:17:25,446 --> 02:17:31,034
that the response to your exaltation
at some new achievement
1856
02:17:31,035 --> 02:17:34,372
could be a universal howl
of horror!
1857
02:17:40,211 --> 02:17:41,796
As a scientist...
1858
02:17:43,839 --> 02:17:46,801
I had a unique opportunity.
1859
02:17:48,219 --> 02:17:53,891
In my clay, astronomy emerged
into the marketplace.
1860
02:17:55,267 --> 02:18:01,857
At that particular time,
if one man had put up a fight,
1861
02:18:04,151 --> 02:18:08,906
it might have had
vast repercussions.
1862
02:18:12,034 --> 02:18:14,995
I've come to the conclusion,
Sarti...
1863
02:18:17,832 --> 02:18:22,794
that“.
I was never in real danger.
1864
02:18:22,795 --> 02:18:27,883
For a time, I was as strong
as the authorities.
1865
02:18:29,552 --> 02:18:33,847
And I surrendered my knowledge
to the powers that be.
1866
02:18:33,848 --> 02:18:37,560
To use it, not use it,
abuse it...
1867
02:18:38,936 --> 02:18:41,313
just as they saw fit.
1868
02:18:49,196 --> 02:18:51,073
I betrayed my calling.
1869
02:18:52,658 --> 02:18:56,035
No man who does
what I have done
1870
02:18:56,036 --> 02:19:00,291
can be tolerated
in the ranks of science.
1871
02:19:04,336 --> 02:19:07,840
You have been received
into the ranks of the faithful, Father.
1872
02:19:09,800 --> 02:19:12,011
Yes.
1873
02:19:16,599 --> 02:19:18,809
I must eat now.
1874
02:19:38,037 --> 02:19:40,331
You're a teacher, you know,
yourself.
1875
02:19:41,624 --> 02:19:45,461
Can you afford to take
such a hand as mine?
1876
02:19:52,760 --> 02:19:59,475
Someone who was
passing through today sent me a goose.
1877
02:20:02,061 --> 02:20:04,188
I still enjoy eating.
1878
02:20:14,573 --> 02:20:18,327
Regarding your opinion
of the author we discussed...
1879
02:20:20,079 --> 02:20:22,121
I don't know the answer.
1880
02:20:22,122 --> 02:20:27,336
But I cannot believe that
your savage analysis is the last word.
1881
02:20:33,801 --> 02:20:35,177
Thank you, sir.
1882
02:20:39,056 --> 02:20:41,183
We don't like visitors
from the past.
1883
02:20:42,601 --> 02:20:43,894
They disturb him.
1884
02:21:20,389 --> 02:21:21,557
Any idea...
1885
02:21:22,641 --> 02:21:25,603
who could have sent
the goose?
1886
02:21:27,146 --> 02:21:28,522
Not Andrea.
1887
02:21:30,691 --> 02:21:31,984
No.
1888
02:21:32,651 --> 02:21:34,361
Perhaps not.
1889
02:21:39,658 --> 02:21:41,577
How is the night?
1890
02:21:53,881 --> 02:21:55,174
Clear.
1891
02:22:01,722 --> 02:22:05,475
And now, good folks
The story's clone
1892
02:22:05,476 --> 02:22:09,187
The great book
Has its freedom won
1893
02:22:09,188 --> 02:22:12,815
But we hope
You'll keep in mind
1894
02:22:12,816 --> 02:22:16,236
You and I are left behind
1895
02:22:27,790 --> 02:22:34,879
Keep the light
Of science bright
1896
02:22:34,880 --> 02:22:37,799
Keep the heat
1897
02:22:37,800 --> 02:22:42,345
And use it right
1898
02:22:42,346 --> 02:22:46,182
Lest it be a flame to fall
1899
02:22:46,183 --> 02:22:49,727
That were to consume us all
1900
02:22:49,728 --> 02:22:53,357
To consume us all146451