Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:55,251
The Red Orchestra was a group of very different people...
2
00:01:55,400 --> 00:02:02,363
... In terms of temperament, sex,
political direction and education
3
00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:05,444
... that were connected to each other...
4
00:02:05,600 --> 00:02:10,401
... by their clear rejection of National Socialism...
5
00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:16,567
... and the desire to end
the Nazi regime and bring an end to the war.
6
00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:36,964
It was a group of people...
7
00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:41,523
... who quickly wanted to
make that terrible war end.
8
00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:45,048
They fought for human freedom.
9
00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:49,410
They were idealists,
whatever their background
10
00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:11,684
The feeling was getting stronger...
11
00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:16,323
... that something had to be done against Hitler
.
12
00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:38,322
There were people who had been
in concentration camps
13
00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:41,290
... and they had not forgotten it, of course .
14
00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:05,162
This is a film that recalls one of her phrases:
15
00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:08,563
You can talk,
but no one does anything.
16
00:04:08,720 --> 00:04:11,929
That was said by Cato (Bontjes van Beek).
17
00:04:31,280 --> 00:04:35,649
Harro (Schulze-Boysen) often took us as children
on his sailing boat.
18
00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:40,681
Then we went on picnics and had
delicious baking and roast food
19
00:04:40,840 --> 00:04:43,411
A new world open to us.
20
00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:50,682
They played guitar and harmonica and sang beautiful songs.
21
00:04:50,840 --> 00:04:57,166
I did not want to discuss what our beloved Fuhrer was up to every day.
22
00:04:59,880 --> 00:05:05,887
We met in the Grunewald,
just for a day out.
23
00:05:06,040 --> 00:05:11,206
Kurt Schuhmacher disappeared. He had a practice grenade of the Wehrmacht.
24
00:05:11,360 --> 00:05:14,250
Wooden, but it looked
like a grenade.
25
00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:18,610
He was practising in the bushes
to throw a grenade.
26
00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:24,642
To throw and take cover.
He was preparing for the revolution.
27
00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:46,966
There were people who were not living
in the brown crap
28
00:05:50,640 --> 00:05:54,531
I do not understand why they were so excited...
29
00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:58,810
... those guys running around in their mustard yellow uniform.
30
00:05:58,960 --> 00:06:01,327
It looked like baby poop.
31
00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,921
Some said 'Heil Hitler',
32
00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:35,449
...others said nothing
33
00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:40,242
It could have been a Nazi
who pretended to be opposed...
34
00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:43,768
... or someone who just did not care.
35
00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:49,245
And I often felt everywhere
a dark cloud was over us.
36
00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:52,210
Most people were just scared...
37
00:06:52,360 --> 00:06:57,161
... because there was hardship
if they were arrested...
38
00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:02,008
... and a sore head as the pianist Kreiten
(executed 1943) discovered ...
39
00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:06,768
He had made negative remarks about Adolf Hitler in the house of one of his mother's friends
40
00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:11,767
You always kept your ears open, so you
would hear if something was up.
41
00:07:11,920 --> 00:07:17,051
You also learned not to talk with
people you did not know.
42
00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:19,885
It is hard to imagine.
43
00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:42,488
You could only really talk freely
in the bathroom, with running water...
44
00:07:42,640 --> 00:07:44,688
... or in a moving car.
45
00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:51,166
We listened to BBC London
with that famous pom-pom-pom-pom.
46
00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:55,006
When I hear that now,
I still get a chill
47
00:07:55,160 --> 00:08:00,166
If you did not listen to it alone
you could get the death penalty.
48
00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:23,485
It surprised me that in 1939,
when Hitler started the war...
49
00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:26,723
that there were about 800,000 people
50
00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:30,566
... mostly Social Democrats and Communists...
51
00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:35,203
...awaiting trial
or who were already in camps...
52
00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:38,728
... for being a dissenter, opposition, etc.
.
53
00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:45,809
Germany was not a monolithic place, and
we are only discoverring this now.
54
00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:52,570
You had the Fertsch family, who lived
just around the corner in the Landhausstrasse.
55
00:08:52,720 --> 00:08:55,405
I met them through a dentist called Himpel.
56
00:08:55,560 --> 00:08:59,963
who was a staunch anti-Nazi.
57
00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,522
I got on well with him
58
00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:07,605
His fiancée was a girl called Terwiel.
59
00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:24,487
We were there together and started talking.
60
00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:29,009
Later he asked me,
when we were alone somewhere...
61
00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:32,846
... if I wanted to work with him.
62
00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:37,847
I first I did not understand
what he meant.
63
00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:41,721
64
00:09:41,880 --> 00:09:46,204
But when he said :
" I put my fate in your hands."
65
00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:50,888
I knew what he meant and I said: Yes, I will.
66
00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:57,410
Helmut Himpel went to the homes of
his Jewish patients and treated them.
67
00:09:57,560 --> 00:09:59,449
Free, of course.
68
00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:02,729
There was a Jewish architect, called Nachtlicht
69
00:10:02,880 --> 00:10:08,250
Helmut (Himpel) always brought them food
when they got together
70
00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:12,041
My sister wore the Star of David, of course.
71
00:10:12,200 --> 00:10:15,966
Helmut Roloff (father of the man making this film, a Pianist) was with her at that time.
72
00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:19,886
There was this policeman
who said:
73
00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:24,648
Stay away from that woman.
She is a Jewish.
74
00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:31,763
But Helmut Roloff did not support
that ridiculous Nazi propaganda.
75
00:10:31,920 --> 00:10:35,367
and he just kept on walking together
along with my sister.
76
00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:43,926
On the corner was a shop where
the exterior was completely destroyed.
77
00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:50,486
All the shop's windows were broken.
There were a lot of people watching.
78
00:10:52,680 --> 00:10:56,924
But inside there
still hung curtains or something.
79
00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:01,563
Behind the curtains there was
apparently a Jewish family.
80
00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:05,247
At one point she was foolish
81
00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:12,488
One of the sons, who was about
15 or 16, suddenly looked out
82
00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:19,046
As soon as they saw him,
they broke his legs
83
00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:23,330
All those people who were watching,
were gone ...
84
00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:34,047
..so afraid were they . But had they behaved bravely they would have been beaten
85
00:11:37,120 --> 00:11:41,762
I was in the S-Bahn
from Wannsee to the Zoo.
86
00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:48,201
suddenly I saw that the synagogue in the
Fasanenstrasse was on fire
87
00:11:48,360 --> 00:11:52,410
we were in the train, everyone saw it
and nobody said anything.
88
00:11:52,560 --> 00:11:57,248
I looked around and asked:
Why do they not get the fire-service
89
00:11:57,400 --> 00:12:00,404
Why does that not happen?
90
00:12:00,560 --> 00:12:05,202
The people sat there quietly
and no one looked up or said anything.
91
00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:08,045
I was so wound up about it.
92
00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:15,286
The people knew what was going on.
And that the Jews were rounded up...
93
00:12:15,440 --> 00:12:20,241
.. at Grunewald station and then
taken to the east.
94
00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:10,122
How did you know about something like that?
- The news went around quickly
95
00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:17,050
Some people happened to know, or
railwaymen who were there...
96
00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:23,651
... who told it to their wives, and it
gets back to her mother or aunt...
97
00:13:23,800 --> 00:13:25,325
... and so it came out
98
00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:29,405
They disappeared and died,
you came to know about it ...
99
00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:32,166
... because it was your friends.
100
00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:37,326
We asked for a Visa to immigrate to the U.S..
101
00:13:37,480 --> 00:13:44,364
They said: Fine, your turn is in
about eight years, in 1944.
102
00:13:44,520 --> 00:13:47,251
Then you can emigrate
103
00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:54,045
By then my parents were all killed
and my sister survived in hiding.
104
00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:57,761
And I was in England with the Kindertransport.
105
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:13,291
Resistance in Berlin had no hierarchical system.
106
00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:18,844
They were different circles of friends
who formed the resistance...
107
00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,970
... these circles overlapped.
108
00:14:22,120 --> 00:14:27,889
Loose groups coalesced
at the end of the 30s.
109
00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:34,082
The centre point was (Harro) Schulze-Boysen,
an Air Force officer
110
00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:36,208
and Arvid Harnack (A lawyer and economist)
111
00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:51,528
Arvid Harnack worked at the Ministry of Economic Affairs
112
00:14:51,680 --> 00:14:57,449
... And since the 30s he had been in
contact with people of the Soviet embassy.
113
00:14:57,600 --> 00:15:04,131
In early 1941 SchuIze-Boysen and Harnack
went to the Soviet embassy.
114
00:15:04,280 --> 00:15:07,284
There, they told someone
115
00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:14,688
... that Hitler would probably attack the Soviet Union soon
116
00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:17,923
Harnack did not see himself as a traitor.
117
00:15:18,080 --> 00:15:21,607
.. he thought it his duty to warn others...
118
00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:26,448
... that the Nazis were
criminals and traitors.
119
00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:35,243
They were renegades, because of the policies of Hitler
120
00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:38,882
... so they opposed Hitler
wherever they could.
121
00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:45,446
... with information for the enemies
of Hitler, amongst other means
122
00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:49,241
Just as there was contact with the Soviet embassy...
123
00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:54,201
... there was also contact with the U.S.,
by Mildred Harnack.
124
00:15:54,360 --> 00:15:57,045
... she came from Wisconsin and was the only American...
125
00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:02,081
... who was executed for treason by the Nazis, in 1943.
126
00:16:02,240 --> 00:16:07,280
My mother had met Mrs. Harnack
and my father was excited...
127
00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:13,686
... that Harnack had been in to the U.S.
sought him out and asked:
128
00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:17,811
maybe we can go to lunch sometime?
And Arvid said: I would really like that.
129
00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:23,444
Donald Heath befriended Arvid Harnack in 1938
130
00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:28,640
Heath was 1st secretary of the
U.S. Embassy in Berlin.
131
00:16:28,800 --> 00:16:34,364
But he was also gathering information
for Henry Morgenthau...
132
00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:36,602
... The US Secretary for the Treasury
133
00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:39,969
We went to Krumme Lanke,
a suburb of Berlin...
134
00:16:40,120 --> 00:16:44,444
... and went for a long
walk with Arvid and Mildred.
135
00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:48,571
I listened to the conversation and I thought, wow.
136
00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:55,330
My father and Arvid were good friends and they argued and called each other names
137
00:16:56,800 --> 00:17:02,284
... and this is secret. When we got home,
my father said:
138
00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:08,243
... you must not tell where we are
going and with whom...
139
00:17:08,400 --> 00:17:10,368
... or who's calling us.
140
00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:13,724
What my father needed most...
141
00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:20,286
... was as much detail as possible about the
Russian invasion
142
00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:23,922
Through his job, SchuIze-Boysen had information
143
00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:28,483
... about what reconnaissance aircraft had found...
144
00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:31,041
... and about troop movements.
145
00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:36,047
Harnack knew a lot about the economic preparations and stuff.
146
00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:42,048
Morgenthau and Roosevelt let my father know that a priority was...
147
00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:46,762
... to find people who would warn about
148
00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:51,562
anything that Hitler and Mussolini might
do that could lead to
149
00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:54,451
... Wall Street collapsing again.
150
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:58,400
Donald Heath and Arvid Harnack
became friends.
151
00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:02,406
Arvid explained as we walked through
the Spreewald
152
00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:09,284
I can be the bridge between the U.S.
and the Russians, here in Germany
153
00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:16,289
I understand them and they understand me.
I can be very useful for both camps.
154
00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:23,005
The Soviet Union suggested that the group in Berlin
use radios...
155
00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:26,960
... but things just did not work.
156
00:18:27,120 --> 00:18:31,250
Hans Coppi took the radio
to Fritz and Hannelore Thiel ...
157
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:34,085
... who hid the radio in their home.
158
00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,961
These actions
to send messages ...
159
00:18:44,120 --> 00:18:48,205
... they were real acts of resistance
here in Berlin.
160
00:18:48,360 --> 00:18:54,049
As were pasting posters, and distributing leaflets
on the Eastern Front...
161
00:18:54,200 --> 00:18:56,202
.. and helping persecuted people
162
00:18:56,360 --> 00:19:01,605
My father helped many people
to get away from Germany.
163
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:04,411
To America, where he had contacts.
164
00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:22,485
I heard from my sister that she met
with Cato and another friend...
165
00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:26,326
... on a part of the S-bahn ...
166
00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:30,280
along which the French prisoners
of war were transported
167
00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:37,085
Any contact with foreigners
was totally opposed my most people
168
00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:42,485
It was prohibited in all cases.
We found that nonsense.
169
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:51,560
It started with notes on paper
where they tried to say ..
170
00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:57,045
... what they needed most.
171
00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:02,684
Every day I went from
Witzleben to Westkreuz.
172
00:20:02,840 --> 00:20:08,165
I waited near a tunnel, where
the French came
173
00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:19,207
Then I joined in that group, gathered notes
and disappeared.
174
00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:28,008
It was a kind of adventure.
175
00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:31,084
But there was also human warmth.
176
00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:35,290
The French were happy and I was happy too.
177
00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:43,488
In the spring of 1942 they had
a large anti-Soviet Exhibition in Berlin...
178
00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:46,291
... under the title: The Soviet Paradise.
179
00:20:55,120 --> 00:20:59,011
They're back: the Huns,
fast becoming a nightmare
180
00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:02,004
A fist in our face
181
00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:07,166
At this exhibition the Red Orchestra
wanted to do something.
182
00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:12,247
For example, they made small posters with slogans like:
183
00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:17,645
The Nazi paradise: War, hunger,
lies, Gestapo - How much longer?
184
00:21:17,800 --> 00:21:22,328
They went in pairs, usually
a man and a woman...
185
00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:28,601
... Who then pretended to be a couple in love
while the girls stuck the posters.
186
00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:46,083
In the background stood
Harro Schulze-Boysen, watching the action.
187
00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:51,770
In uniform, with a gun.
He covered them, so nothing happened to them.
188
00:21:51,920 --> 00:21:55,891
He looked like the perfect German officer:
189
00:21:56,040 --> 00:22:01,365
Slim, a head like a greyhound,
his eyes...
190
00:22:01,520 --> 00:22:06,447
But he was extremely intelligent.
That did not fit the image.
191
00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:11,731
He wanted people to
realize that there were war crimes...
192
00:22:11,880 --> 00:22:17,125
... and that
human rights were being violated.
193
00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:20,363
These Jews were agitating against the Wehrmacht
194
00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:30,485
When the German attack on Moscow
was repulsed...
195
00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:34,804
... they began to make and distribute pamphlets
196
00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:39,761
Schulze-Boysen took photographs, which was very dangerous...
197
00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:45,689
... And foreign newspapers,
Swiss and Spanish...
198
00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:50,607
... told us how the war was going.
That gave us courage.
199
00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:14,445
The broadsheet AGIS
(named after a Spartan King)
200
00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:21,609
... was written and distributed by
the group in the winter of '41-'42
201
00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:27,210
That was a very sharp,
critical text about the Nazis.
202
00:23:27,360 --> 00:23:31,046
In the name of the State
atrocities against...
203
00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:33,680
civilians and prisoners are made
204
00:23:33,840 --> 00:23:39,563
Every day that the war lasts longer,
brings more suffering and casualties
205
00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:45,568
Each new war day increases the
debt that we will have to pay
206
00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:49,850
What can we do to show our free will?
207
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:54,005
... one must ensure that he
does what he can...
208
00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:59,007
... the opposite of what this state demands of him.
209
00:23:59,160 --> 00:24:04,405
There were very careful with secret address books...
210
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:08,406
... with important people in it,
names removed...
211
00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:13,361
... and those people were sent letters
very carefully.
212
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:21,169
Anonymously?
-Anonymoulys, of course.
213
00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:25,530
Sometimes we provided a return address
214
00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:30,641
Then I put the name von Adelsheim on the back.
215
00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:33,531
That brought some laughter
216
00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:37,082
The members of the Red Orchestra
took a typewriter...
217
00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:43,850
... Typed pamphlets on it
and put everything in envelopes.
218
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,480
We used gloves.
219
00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:50,042
It was hard to get envelopes.
220
00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:56,367
And it was difficult to put so many similar items
in a mailbox...
221
00:24:56,520 --> 00:24:59,205
.. because they could be noticed
in the Post.
222
00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:11,561
I took the subway to the Thiel Platz,
from the Hohenzollern Platz, where we lived.
223
00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:15,850
I had a briefcase
on my lap...
224
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:19,971
... which was filled with anti-government leaflets.
225
00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:31,090
For my safety no-one else
knew what i was doing
226
00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:36,121
So it was not possible,
should they be arrested...
227
00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:38,851
... for them to say anything incriminating
228
00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:44,040
Many of them did not know anyone else other
than three, four,or five people ...
229
00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:46,487
... with whom they worked.
230
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:51,123
It also happened that you could,
for no reason...
231
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:54,966
...... be searched by a group of Gestapo
232
00:25:55,120 --> 00:26:00,923
... and they suddenly went searching
through all your stuff
233
00:26:01,080 --> 00:26:08,043
But it was part of your approach,
to not appear worried.
234
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:12,330
You did not think:
"What can happen"?
235
00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:18,965
You just thought, I need to
behave as inconspicuously as possible.
236
00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:51,091
Many people who received such a pamphlet,
did not read it anyway and threw it away.
237
00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:56,724
Most handed them to the Police and the Gestapo.
238
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:04,083
In the Gestapo files
we find lists of recipients...
239
00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:06,607
...and Post Offices
240
00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:11,448
Some investigators
241
00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:16,128
worked out that it was the work of
the Red Orchestra...
242
00:27:16,280 --> 00:27:21,844
...but detailed investigations by the
Gestapo, in 1942 ...
243
00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:24,890
... came to nothing.
244
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:34,649
At this time, the Russian Military Intelligence
245
00:27:34,800 --> 00:27:38,566
had an employee in Brussels.
246
00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:42,566
There was a radio message from Moscow ...
247
00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:48,284
.. in the autumn of 1941,
that he had to go to Berlin.
248
00:27:48,440 --> 00:27:52,764
.. because the radio traffic between
Berlin and Moscow did not work.
249
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:57,130
In that radio message
were also the coded addresses...
250
00:27:57,280 --> 00:28:02,684
... of three members of the Red Orchestra,
here in Berlin.
251
00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:08,165
After the Gestapo had crushed the Brussels and Paris branches of the Orchestra in 1942 ...
252
00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:14,248
... they had learnt to decipher their radio messages
253
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:22,245
It was on September 12, 1942.
254
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:27,486
It was very early in the morning and I was asleep
in the room where we children slept ...
255
00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,645
256
00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:37,091
Suddenly I heard loud voices:.
Halt. Stop, or I'll shoot
257
00:28:37,240 --> 00:28:39,925
I carefully looked out the window.....
258
00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:45,450
... and saw that they had got their hands on my
father, who had ...
259
00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:47,921
.. escaped through the basement.
260
00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:55,123
On the 16th September 1942
the Gestapo came ...
261
00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:57,806
... with as many men as we had rooms
262
00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:09,123
Libertas (Schulze-Boysen) pulled me off the bus
and said ...
263
00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:13,285
... something terrible has happened
Harro (Schulze-Boysen) is arrested.
264
00:29:13,440 --> 00:29:16,410
After the arrest of Schulze-Boysen...
265
00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:19,848
.. the Thiels no longer wanted
the radio in their house
266
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:25,325
They put it into a stroller
and brought it to Helmut Himpel.
267
00:29:51,360 --> 00:29:55,285
One day
Freulein Terwiel called me...
268
00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:59,490
the fiancée of Himpel.
269
00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:02,849
She said I had to come soon.
270
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:08,166
There was something and she had for me. It was
urgent. So I went there.
271
00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:15,569
I only found Herr Himpel there.
Freulein Terwiel was not there.
272
00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:23,966
Himpel said to me:
Take these home and hide them.
273
00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:27,010
What was I supposed to do?
Did I say ...
274
00:30:27,160 --> 00:30:32,326
.. I can not. My parents know nothing, I
have to ask them.
275
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:36,121
That would have been ridiculous.
So I took them.
276
00:30:36,280 --> 00:30:42,049
Because nobody stopped me and checked, nothing happened to me.
277
00:31:13,760 --> 00:31:19,005
When my father was allowed visitors. I remember, we were sitting on the terrace.
278
00:31:19,160 --> 00:31:25,964
He was handcuffed. And we still talked to those young men ...
279
00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:32,287
as if ... it was quite common. We really did not understand how bad it was.
280
00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:39,483
My father had a stomach ailment
and asked the Gestapo officers...
281
00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:44,282
... If he could take his pills.
No, you might take poison.
282
00:32:01,960 --> 00:32:05,965
My mother and aunt Busset
and I were drinking tea.
283
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:14,404
When the bell rang.
284
00:32:15,760 --> 00:32:19,401
I went to open it, unsuspectingly.
285
00:32:19,560 --> 00:32:23,804
There were two obnoxious guys,
one had a wart on his forehead:
286
00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:29,569
'Crime Squad. "
So I ask: What do you want from us?
287
00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:34,760
'Is your brother at home? "
I say: No, he is not here.
288
00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:37,082
'Where is he?'
I do not know.
289
00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:40,642
I should have said:
Am I my brother's keeper?
290
00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:47,763
Then they ask: Where is his room?
They pushed me aside and went there.
291
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:54,280
After a while someone put the key in the lock
it was my brother coming home.
292
00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:59,082
'We're looking for a suitcase. "
So I ask: What kind of case?
293
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:04,849
Then they said "do not lie",
Herr Himpel has told us everything.
294
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:11,406
That was stupid of them, because when I knew that they had already Himpel.
295
00:33:11,560 --> 00:33:18,011
I did not have to hide the fact that I knew him.
296
00:33:18,160 --> 00:33:19,764
So I said: Oh, are you looking for that.
297
00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:23,481
He had never opened the suitcase.
- I could not.
298
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:29,170
The key was gone in fact.
This, later, saved my life.
299
00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:31,846
It happened again
300
00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:37,211
We hardly dared to breathe
or talkout of fear and terror.
301
00:33:37,360 --> 00:33:40,523
When Helmut came out...
302
00:33:40,680 --> 00:33:45,811
... with those two guys on his heels.
who didn't leave him alone
303
00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:14,847
After a while my father came home.
304
00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:20,211
Then we had so tell him.
Then I was very worried about him!
305
00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:27,202
He sat at his desk with his hands before his eyes and there were tears.
306
00:34:27,360 --> 00:34:31,365
I had never seen my father cry.
Terrible.
307
00:34:37,840 --> 00:34:42,448
The prisoners went to the so-called "house prison"...
308
00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:48,164
... In the headquarters of the Gestapo
on Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse 8.
309
00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:53,922
My father and my sister went to
Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse.
310
00:34:54,080 --> 00:34:59,120
My mother and I went to Alexanderplatz.
311
00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:01,931
The infamous prison is now demolished.
312
00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:07,530
We had to go to be identified,
photos and stuff.
313
00:35:16,640 --> 00:35:19,644
When I was put down... at that device
314
00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:24,124
... I formed an idea...
315
00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:29,605
... from what I could say. I assumed
they wanted to know everything
316
00:35:29,760 --> 00:35:33,162
What were you thinking?
317
00:35:33,320 --> 00:35:36,449
I just thought:
How come I am here ...
318
00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:41,162
... and what can I say
that sounds a little convincing...
319
00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:43,926
... and does not betray others?
320
00:35:44,080 --> 00:35:50,611
He thinks that he is OK because he
could remember exactly...
321
00:35:50,760 --> 00:35:53,764
... when the bag got there
322
00:35:53,920 --> 00:35:59,802
...and he was someone who knew nothing
but who played music with Terwiel and Himpel.
323
00:35:59,960 --> 00:36:05,729
They were very musical and
had a record collection.
324
00:36:05,880 --> 00:36:12,604
The second was that his friends
did not like him, nobody liked him.
325
00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:14,762
That's Schulze-Boysen.
326
00:36:24,240 --> 00:36:29,963
This is Graudenz, I believe.
Yes, that's Graudenz.
327
00:36:31,960 --> 00:36:34,088
This is Himpel.
328
00:36:34,240 --> 00:36:39,690
And right after that comes his girlfriend, the girl
Terwiel.
329
00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:44,528
In the fall of 1942 the Gestapo arrested...
330
00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:49,891
... more than 100 people who belonged to the so-called Red Orchestra.
331
00:37:04,640 --> 00:37:09,282
My mother and I were both
put alone in a cell.
332
00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:13,490
I was 16 a dreamy
and romantic child.
333
00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:17,929
I really was desperate,
there alone in that cell.
334
00:37:18,080 --> 00:37:24,531
You did not know how Iong it would take,
or if you would get out, what you should say.
335
00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:30,483
He gave me a pat on my head,
what a father might do, and said:
336
00:37:30,640 --> 00:37:32,529
Goodbye, son.
337
00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:37,322
When the interrogation by the Gestapo began.
338
00:37:37,480 --> 00:37:38,970
That went for hours.
339
00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:45,685
Then they asked if I knew someone,
they actually had all the names.
340
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:51,324
She always asked: Do you know this or that?
No, I did not know all them
341
00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:59,767
If you say no, he says: You're lying.
If you say yes, you are responsible for someone.
342
00:37:59,920 --> 00:38:06,087
The first interview was conducted
by a Gestapo man.
343
00:38:06,240 --> 00:38:09,130
He was not friendly...
344
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:13,888
... but he did not hit
me immediately
345
00:38:14,040 --> 00:38:17,203
I thought that perhaps would still came.
346
00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:28,730
But when these hearings involved
beatings and torture ...
347
00:38:28,880 --> 00:38:35,411
... the secretaries looked the other way
when the interrogator hit
348
00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:40,928
The Gestapo used all means
against the Red Orchestra.
349
00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:47,087
Not only torture, but of course also
psychological tricks.
350
00:38:47,240 --> 00:38:51,848
My father had a birthday on November 12th
351
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:56,881
We had duck
that was his favorite food, duck.
352
00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:02,080
For his birthday, we were in the Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse...
353
00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:07,451
... we set the table in the office
of the Gestapo guy
354
00:39:07,600 --> 00:39:13,801
...we girls had roasted duck at home
355
00:39:19,880 --> 00:39:22,770
The birthday meal was for him ...
356
00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:27,289
... so that the four of us could eat together
357
00:39:27,440 --> 00:39:30,569
Of course that room was bugged.
358
00:39:44,720 --> 00:39:48,725
When I went down into that cell...
359
00:39:48,880 --> 00:39:53,283
... I was handcuffed.
360
00:39:53,440 --> 00:39:57,764
I remember that those handcuffs
were on me all the time
361
00:39:57,920 --> 00:40:03,802
After about a week, I was taken to Spandau ..
362
00:40:03,960 --> 00:40:06,531
.. when the handcuffs came off
363
00:40:07,960 --> 00:40:10,440
Did you sleep with the handcuffs on?
364
00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:15,242
of course. You can not
stay awake for one week.
365
00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:26,566
The next morning my father said
he went looking for Helmut
366
00:40:26,720 --> 00:40:28,370
I said, I'm going too.
367
00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:33,526
First we arrived at Alexanderplatz
and asked where the Gestapo was.
368
00:40:33,680 --> 00:40:37,765
People looked at us strangely
but they pointed us anyway.
369
00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:43,131
There was one who was outrageously polite: Sit down, and so on.
370
00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:46,807
How can I help you
When we said
371
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:49,930
My father said nothing
first,so I said:
372
00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:53,926
My brother was picked up yesterday and we want to find him now.
373
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:59,246
Then he took a thick book.
He flipped some pages and then said:
374
00:40:59,400 --> 00:41:05,362
He is not here. The serious cases
are in Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse.
375
00:41:05,520 --> 00:41:09,286
You could ring the bell as if it were an ordinary house.
376
00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:15,161
So I called and who opened the door?
377
00:41:15,320 --> 00:41:20,804
And it was the guy with the wart on his forehead.
As if he had been waiting for us.
378
00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:28,564
Professor, sit down,
379
00:41:28,720 --> 00:41:33,521
Then he said:
What did your son do?
380
00:41:33,680 --> 00:41:38,607
And my father said: What did he do?
We know nothing.
381
00:41:38,760 --> 00:41:44,290
"Do you know anything?" And then they
squeezed me. I shouted at them:
382
00:41:44,440 --> 00:41:50,766
I've already told you that we did not know
what my brother did in private.
383
00:41:52,960 --> 00:41:56,726
We grumble about him at home of course.
384
00:41:56,880 --> 00:42:00,771
Then he said:
You do not need to know.
385
00:42:00,920 --> 00:42:04,606
In any case, your brother will remain with us.
386
00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:19,962
On a bed crawling with bugs
387
00:42:20,120 --> 00:42:27,925
If you wanted to use the bed
you had to push the bugs aside.
388
00:42:28,080 --> 00:42:31,926
They bit us all over
and we complained about it.
389
00:42:32,080 --> 00:42:35,607
We were in the men's prison
and the jailer said:
390
00:42:35,760 --> 00:42:39,731
Those bugs will give you
something to eat.
391
00:42:39,880 --> 00:42:42,008
I will also never forget.
392
00:42:42,160 --> 00:42:47,690
The number of women suddenly increased
393
00:42:47,840 --> 00:42:53,085
... there was no place for them. They were on the 5th floor, I was on the 4th ...
394
00:42:53,240 --> 00:42:59,964
... it was furnished for women. But it was
actually a men's prison.
395
00:43:47,840 --> 00:43:49,842
Those women did not have their needs met..
396
00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:54,608
... but they carried on their lives.
397
00:43:54,760 --> 00:44:01,405
Rainer Kilchenmeister and Cato (Bontjes van Beek) were in cells above the other.
398
00:44:01,560 --> 00:44:05,610
They exchanged letters on a string ...
399
00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:08,923
... that went up and down.
400
00:44:09,080 --> 00:44:14,928
Cato was my companion.
401
00:44:15,080 --> 00:44:20,371
She was a part of my life.
And I was with her.
402
00:44:20,520 --> 00:44:25,447
She had someone. It was important that you had someone to take care of ...
403
00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:31,528
also in the camp.Looking after someone gave me some dignity...
404
00:44:31,680 --> 00:44:37,926
So it went there it is.
You remained human by helping others.
405
00:44:38,080 --> 00:44:45,009
My mother sat with her and she whistled out the window and said ..
406
00:44:45,160 --> 00:44:50,371
"Thoughts are free."
Hearing that made them happy.
407
00:44:50,520 --> 00:44:54,445
Every Saturday Heilwig and I went
to the prison.
408
00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:59,003
We made small packets
with some goodies in them.
409
00:45:04,680 --> 00:45:10,801
We went through lots of corridors
and they locked the door behind you
410
00:45:10,960 --> 00:45:16,524
But we could not approach him inside.
- I did not see, but they did pass them on.
411
00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:25,362
They poked it with their knives to check ...
412
00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:27,363
.... if there something wrong in it.
413
00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:32,287
So mean.Then it was sealed ...
414
00:45:32,440 --> 00:45:35,649
... and delivered to Spandau.
415
00:45:44,560 --> 00:45:49,930
If I lay there in bed at night and tried to sleep...
416
00:45:50,080 --> 00:45:54,722
... of course I thought about what
I had done.
417
00:45:54,880 --> 00:46:01,161
But I never thought that I had
done the wrong thing.
418
00:46:01,320 --> 00:46:04,847
Well the idea came to me ...
419
00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:08,561
... that they wanted to murder me in any case.
420
00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:21,565
Harro Schulze-Boysen, Erwin Gehrts
and others were soldiers.
421
00:46:21,720 --> 00:46:25,361
The Nazi regime decided to
422
00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:29,081
court martial them.
423
00:46:29,240 --> 00:46:32,323
This also applied to citizens and women.
424
00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:37,930
Then I thought I really ought to
get in contact with Himpel...
425
00:46:38,080 --> 00:46:40,651
... to know what he said.
426
00:46:40,800 --> 00:46:47,126
So I wrote him a letter, in which I
pretended to blame him ..
427
00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:50,966
Dear Herr Himpel,
how can you say...
428
00:46:51,120 --> 00:46:55,603
... that we talked about politics
together?
429
00:46:55,760 --> 00:46:59,401
.. when we only played music together?
430
00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:03,565
He knew what i was doing
because it was not right about the music
431
00:47:03,720 --> 00:47:08,760
Once a day the prisoners were
allowed to walk in the courtyard.
432
00:47:08,920 --> 00:47:13,164
We walked in the order of
our cell doors.
433
00:47:13,320 --> 00:47:17,370
Therefore Himpel and I walked
a long way away from each other.
434
00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:25,684
I stepped out of line...
435
00:47:25,840 --> 00:47:30,129
... and pretended that something
was wrong with my shoe.
436
00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:36,447
I fumbled a bit and waited until
Himpel caught up
437
00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:39,524
Then I go walking with him
438
00:47:58,600 --> 00:48:01,490
I waited until Himpel
was even closer to me...
439
00:48:01,640 --> 00:48:05,725
... and pressed my letter in his hand.
440
00:48:08,160 --> 00:48:12,563
I remember, when I gave
him that letter...
441
00:48:12,720 --> 00:48:16,645
... I felt my heart skip.
442
00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:47,970
He destroyed everything.
443
00:48:55,360 --> 00:49:00,321
The letters were never found,
not even the one he sent me.
444
00:49:00,480 --> 00:49:04,769
He wrote me:
Exactly as I have explained to you.
445
00:49:04,920 --> 00:49:07,890
Those words he had clipped from a newspaper.
446
00:49:08,040 --> 00:49:11,647
"And MT."
That was Marie Terwiel.
447
00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:16,727
That was a relief for me.
448
00:49:16,880 --> 00:49:21,761
Maybe I would not be
executed immediately.
449
00:49:21,920 --> 00:49:28,166
Added to that, in the court martial
sat a young senior officer ...
450
00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:32,609
... who was very ambitious:
Manfred Roeder.
451
00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:37,800
He was not satisfied with the
research of the Gestapo.
452
00:49:37,960 --> 00:49:44,684
He interrogated the group yet again,
and also their family members.
453
00:49:44,840 --> 00:49:48,481
Himpel then wrote to him about me:
454
00:49:48,640 --> 00:49:53,202
He appeared to be sympathetic towards me
455
00:49:53,360 --> 00:49:56,330
Later, of course, it was the opposite.
456
00:49:56,480 --> 00:50:02,931
I was also pleasantly surprised by him,
but I did not trust those people
457
00:50:03,080 --> 00:50:06,004
I have just said about Himpel:
458
00:50:06,160 --> 00:50:11,246
It amazes me what you said about him.
He was an excellent student.
459
00:50:11,400 --> 00:50:17,203
He would not hear.
If I said something, he thought I was stupid.
460
00:50:17,360 --> 00:50:20,409
I really wanted him to believe me
461
00:50:23,280 --> 00:50:28,446
My mother went to the Ministry...
462
00:50:28,600 --> 00:50:32,082
... to talk to him about Cato.
463
00:50:32,240 --> 00:50:40,091
Later she said: When I saw that man,
his face, and that smile of his...
464
00:50:40,240 --> 00:50:44,609
...it was clear to me that I could
expect nothing from him ...
465
00:50:44,760 --> 00:50:48,970
... that man will never sign a pardon.
466
00:50:49,120 --> 00:50:55,651
The ruling was on December 19,
the execution took place on 22 December.
467
00:50:55,800 --> 00:50:58,690
It couldn't have been done faster
468
00:50:58,840 --> 00:51:03,641
It had nothing to do with due process.
469
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:07,646
Mildred Harnack (An American married to Arvid Harnack) was not allowed any witnesses
470
00:51:07,800 --> 00:51:11,088
... there were people who testified after torture ...
471
00:51:11,240 --> 00:51:14,130
... they could not speak to their lawyer
472
00:51:14,280 --> 00:51:17,727
They were then assigned a lawyer...
473
00:51:17,880 --> 00:51:22,647
... but that often was not until the day before or on the day of trial itself...
474
00:51:22,800 --> 00:51:29,729
... who could talk for five minutes
with his clients
475
00:51:31,640 --> 00:51:35,964
One sentence has particularly touched me:
476
00:51:36,120 --> 00:51:41,968
'Schulze-Boysen has never honestly served the
National Socialist state. "
477
00:51:42,120 --> 00:51:45,329
Thats why I'm very proud of my brother.
478
00:51:46,600 --> 00:51:52,687
The first death sentences
were pronounced in December
479
00:51:52,840 --> 00:51:56,845
Of course that was terrible to hear.
480
00:51:57,000 --> 00:52:02,370
You were locked in your cell
and then you heard something.
481
00:52:02,520 --> 00:52:07,606
Dear Rainer. Yes, that was a blow
this demand of the prosecuting officer.
482
00:52:07,760 --> 00:52:12,561
But I believe that in life
there have been people so infinitely sweet ...
483
00:52:12,720 --> 00:52:15,405
that ...I think it is not true
484
00:52:15,560 --> 00:52:22,170
When she wrote to me:
Now that the judgment has been pronounced
485
00:52:22,320 --> 00:52:27,201
The Chief Prosecutor is demanding ...
486
00:52:27,360 --> 00:52:31,285
... that children be executed also ...
487
00:52:31,440 --> 00:52:34,887
... that's just madness ...
488
00:52:35,040 --> 00:52:39,443
... because they had stuck up posters
and opposed the war.
489
00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:45,528
Liane Berkowitz was 18
when she was arrested...
490
00:52:45,680 --> 00:52:47,808
... and three months pregnant
491
00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:54,320
She was just pregnant while Hilde Coppi
was in her 8th month, I believe.
492
00:52:54,480 --> 00:53:00,283
Even the court advised
Hitler to grant these people a pardon ...
493
00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:04,001
... as had happened in a few other cases.
494
00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:10,770
He rejected those requests at once, in one stroke.
495
00:53:13,560 --> 00:53:19,010
Probably out of anger for some military defeat...
496
00:53:19,160 --> 00:53:25,566
... he had just had. He rejected
a pardon instantly.
497
00:53:25,720 --> 00:53:30,123
On August 5, 1943
these women...
498
00:53:30,280 --> 00:53:33,921
... including my mother,
were executed.
499
00:53:34,080 --> 00:53:38,210
Hilde Coppi and Liane Berkowitz
had their children in their cells.
500
00:53:38,360 --> 00:53:42,081
They had six weeks respite
and then were killed
501
00:53:42,240 --> 00:53:45,403
... by the guillotine of Pletzensee.
502
00:53:47,000 --> 00:53:52,325
Liane Berkowitz's child went
to a hospital and died there.
503
00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:54,847
We do not know whether ..
504
00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:59,722
... it was because Liane was malnourished
or becasue of prison beatings.
505
00:53:59,880 --> 00:54:03,646
She was a victim ...
506
00:54:03,800 --> 00:54:08,010
... of the murderess actions by the
sick Nazis.
507
00:54:08,160 --> 00:54:13,405
Himpel had a meeting in January,
if I remember correctly.
508
00:54:13,560 --> 00:54:19,602
When he came back, he was
immediately handcuffed.
509
00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:24,448
For those who had received the death penalty,
they were handcuffed.
510
00:54:25,560 --> 00:54:31,761
Dear Cato,
it is impossible for me to write everything I feel for you
511
00:54:31,920 --> 00:54:36,209
Yesterday was a terrible day for me.
After the verdict.
512
00:54:36,360 --> 00:54:41,207
I almost had a tantrum,
but when I heard your voice ...
513
00:54:41,360 --> 00:54:43,442
... I was quiet again.
514
00:54:43,600 --> 00:54:47,810
As tranquil as a little boy
hearing the voice of his mother.
515
00:54:47,960 --> 00:54:52,443
Dear Rainer, you're such
a very fine, dear boy.
516
00:54:52,600 --> 00:54:56,924
Your letter makes me so happy.
I want to always carry it with me...
517
00:54:57,080 --> 00:55:00,084
... like the farewell letter from Heinz.
518
00:55:00,240 --> 00:55:05,644
Should I really die, do not be too sad.
Remember me.
519
00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:11,842
A request yet: Be wise and do not
get involved with bad things
520
00:55:12,000 --> 00:55:16,642
I do mean that you have to be a martyr.
That is meaningless.
521
00:55:16,800 --> 00:55:20,771
You are badly needed here.
You have so many good qualities.
522
00:55:20,920 --> 00:55:24,242
There is such a wealth of in love in you.
523
00:55:24,400 --> 00:55:28,200
Which is the highest and most beautiful thing man possesses.
524
00:55:28,360 --> 00:55:32,410
I love you like you're my brother.
525
00:55:32,560 --> 00:55:35,803
Maybe you will see my brother Tim again also .
526
00:55:35,960 --> 00:55:40,488
Go to my mother.
That you must promise me, Dear Rainer.
527
00:55:40,640 --> 00:55:43,371
I love life and people infinitely
528
00:55:43,520 --> 00:55:49,129
I leave this life therefore
without any resentment, let alone hate.
529
00:55:49,280 --> 00:55:54,571
Maybe Heinz and I will die
at the same time. That would be nice.
530
00:55:54,720 --> 00:55:59,886
For the two of us go together,
therefore, these three days were so good
531
00:56:00,760 --> 00:56:05,846
I still hope for a miracle,
that will see us live.
532
00:56:06,000 --> 00:56:11,086
Think of your father, dear Rainer,
and avoid unnecessarily risk.
533
00:56:11,240 --> 00:56:16,770
I do not know why I must die,
but everything makes sense if we can find it.
534
00:56:16,920 --> 00:56:21,767
You know I do not like men crying.
That's all.
535
00:56:21,920 --> 00:56:23,968
Heinz also cried.
536
00:56:24,120 --> 00:56:30,207
At the end we still laugh, because we are so happy together.
537
00:56:30,360 --> 00:56:35,207
Rainier, Live by the beauty
in art and in every person...
538
00:56:35,360 --> 00:56:38,443
... and learn to think with your heart.
539
00:56:38,600 --> 00:56:43,561
May the God of old protect you.
Much love from your Cato.
540
00:56:49,520 --> 00:56:55,641
When I went to Berlin
and saw Cato in prison.
541
00:56:55,800 --> 00:57:00,044
She was brought to us. She had
a bracelet with TK it.
542
00:57:00,200 --> 00:57:06,560
Then I said
Cato, are you coming back with us very soon.
543
00:57:06,720 --> 00:57:10,042
No, no, she said. Here.
544
00:57:10,200 --> 00:57:14,000
A band around her arm with TK
Todeskandidat (Death candidate)
545
00:57:14,160 --> 00:57:19,564
Cato, of course, cried, and I had a lump in my throat.
546
00:57:19,720 --> 00:57:24,442
I could not say anything.
What could you say...
547
00:57:24,600 --> 00:57:29,242
to someone who was near death
548
00:57:41,120 --> 00:57:46,923
Especially for members of the Red Orchestra
in December 1942...
549
00:57:47,080 --> 00:57:53,406
... in Pletzensee they suspended a beam
with eight meat hooks it
550
00:57:53,560 --> 00:57:59,044
So they were not guillotined, but hung
551
00:57:59,200 --> 00:58:03,842
The noblest execution was the bullet, then came the axe...
552
00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:10,201
... and the most degrading form was
the noose
553
00:58:13,600 --> 00:58:17,924
In her farewell letter Libertas writes:.
554
00:58:18,080 --> 00:58:21,243
Tell everyone about us
555
00:58:21,960 --> 00:58:29,162
In reality, the family had been under strict orders...
556
00:58:29,320 --> 00:58:35,805
. . to say nothing about it, otherwise
they would go to the concentration camp.
557
00:58:35,960 --> 00:58:40,090
With regard to the Red Orchestra
558
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:43,767
... it was important to Hitler,
that no one came to know anything
559
00:58:43,920 --> 00:58:48,608
he could not accept and he probably
could not even understand ...
560
00:58:48,760 --> 00:58:53,891
... that there were decent people
who were ready to thwart him
561
00:58:59,280 --> 00:59:03,808
A day after Himpel
was given the death penalty...
562
00:59:03,960 --> 00:59:06,725
... my husband was released.
563
00:59:06,880 --> 00:59:13,445
Himpel gave him his will on a smuggled note
and he took it.
564
00:59:15,440 --> 00:59:22,005
This was ignored in the outside world
565
00:59:30,440 --> 00:59:33,683
The door flew open and there stood Helmut.
566
00:59:33,840 --> 00:59:38,721
He looked like a ghost,
he was so skinny. Terrible.
567
00:59:40,640 --> 00:59:45,362
I took Himpel's will to
Seesenerstrasse.
568
00:59:45,520 --> 00:59:49,605
I rang the bell,
but no one answered.
569
00:59:49,760 --> 00:59:57,326
I walked down the stairs where I saw
Herr Terwiel, doctor Terwiel.
570
00:59:57,480 --> 01:00:00,882
He asked in a shocked voice
Had his mother opened the door?
571
01:00:01,040 --> 01:00:03,611
I said: No, no one came.
572
01:00:03,760 --> 01:00:07,367
I told him everything
and he was very nice.
573
01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:13,880
He said: How could I tell my mother that my sister was executed?
574
01:00:14,040 --> 01:00:20,286
Therefore we said that she went to Switzerland.
575
01:00:20,440 --> 01:00:23,364
And Herr Himpel too.
576
01:01:32,960 --> 01:01:39,570
After the war I found it interesting
to see that prison again.
577
01:01:57,120 --> 01:02:04,083
What struck me was the ordinary
sounds that you could hear
578
01:02:04,240 --> 01:02:11,089
I heard someone shouting at
prisoners
579
01:02:11,240 --> 01:02:15,802
I recognised the man,
as he came nearer ...
580
01:02:15,960 --> 01:02:21,091
... and there I saw that it was one of the worst
guards there.
581
01:02:28,320 --> 01:02:32,962
My father sent me from Berlin a v-mail
582
01:02:33,120 --> 01:02:35,805
... a letter that was put on film...
583
01:02:35,960 --> 01:02:40,727
... he told that me of his sadness at learning
584
01:02:40,880 --> 01:02:43,724
... that Arvid and Mildred were killed.
585
01:02:43,880 --> 01:02:49,125
Sorry, what year was that?
- In 1945.
586
01:02:49,280 --> 01:02:55,526
When the Allies were allowed in Berlin, he immediately went looking for everybody.
587
01:02:55,680 --> 01:03:01,608
It stunned him, I could tell by the
way he was writing
588
01:03:01,760 --> 01:03:05,606
it was such a shame to lose people
589
01:03:05,760 --> 01:03:10,800
I used to put the pictures
of my parents on the table.
590
01:03:10,960 --> 01:03:15,363
I found it so hard to imagine ...
591
01:03:15,520 --> 01:03:20,811
... how they were when they were alive.
The images did not move, there was no film.
592
01:03:20,960 --> 01:03:25,522
A few years ago I received a document
593
01:03:25,680 --> 01:03:29,446
... that my father had completed just before his execution.
594
01:03:29,600 --> 01:03:35,289
That said how tall he was.
He was 1.86 metres tall.
595
01:03:35,440 --> 01:03:40,082
My grandparents had told
that he was 1.96 metres tall
596
01:03:40,240 --> 01:03:44,165
I had always felt that I had that to look forward to.
597
01:03:44,320 --> 01:03:48,484
When I saw that document
and found...
598
01:03:48,640 --> 01:03:54,761
that we're practically the
same height.
599
01:04:00,880 --> 01:04:04,851
I was shocked when I heard that the families of the resistance...
600
01:04:05,000 --> 01:04:10,211
... ... even those of the 20 July resistance,
did not get pensions for many years.
601
01:04:10,360 --> 01:04:13,125
Their husbands were treated as traitors...
602
01:04:13,280 --> 01:04:17,842
... and although they had fought against Hitler
they got nothing.
603
01:04:18,000 --> 01:04:23,370
But SS widows and people like that
did get a pension...
604
01:04:23,520 --> 01:04:25,568
when they came due
605
01:04:25,720 --> 01:04:29,361
I remember my sister Annemarie
told me...
606
01:04:29,520 --> 01:04:34,765
... that the German government
paid reperations, and as I recall
607
01:04:34,920 --> 01:04:40,802
It was about $ 25 per month
for what they had been through...
608
01:04:40,960 --> 01:04:45,284
as a non-Aryan
living underground in Berlin.
609
01:04:45,440 --> 01:04:50,162
.. the $25 dollars were also
intended to compensate...
610
01:04:50,320 --> 01:04:53,403
... for the death of my parents
611
01:04:53,560 --> 01:04:57,770
It was called Wiedergutmachung (reperation),
but this was not good..
612
01:04:57,920 --> 01:05:01,129
I got 5 marks for each day that I had been detained
613
01:05:01,280 --> 01:05:06,605
I say thats appallingl: If I had been
there ten years, I did what I had to.
614
01:05:06,760 --> 01:05:09,286
Then I would have had more beer
615
01:05:09,440 --> 01:05:14,685
The officer was obviously
de nazified, but that did not help.
616
01:05:14,840 --> 01:05:20,244
I filled in a form form him
and to a question about my father I said ...
617
01:05:20,400 --> 01:05:23,449
... he was executed.
618
01:05:23,600 --> 01:05:29,448
He replied, full of hatred:
Your father's death is nothing.
619
01:05:29,600 --> 01:05:33,844
That touched me greatly.
620
01:05:34,000 --> 01:05:37,891
That's why I left.
I could not have
621
01:05:38,040 --> 01:05:44,002
In West Berlin, it was such
that we were all afraid to say ....
622
01:05:44,160 --> 01:05:48,563
... we had been part of the Red Orchestra because we felt...
623
01:05:48,720 --> 01:05:53,851
... that the Nazis were everywhere
and still firmly in the saddle.
624
01:05:54,000 --> 01:05:57,368
I have not lost
the fear of Nazis
625
01:05:57,520 --> 01:06:03,129
They were still supporters of Hitler, only you did not see it anymore.
626
01:06:03,280 --> 01:06:08,571
On the day of the capitulation
they did not suddenly become democrats.
627
01:06:15,560 --> 01:06:21,203
In the late 40s, my parents and their friends were in the West ...
628
01:06:21,360 --> 01:06:24,569
... again seen as traitors and spies ...
629
01:06:24,720 --> 01:06:31,604
... ... because she had tried to fight Hitler with the wrong party
630
01:06:31,760 --> 01:06:36,766
The war ended in 1945,
the Cold War began in 1947...
631
01:06:36,920 --> 01:06:43,804
... and from that moment
former Nazis and Gestapo agents were...
632
01:06:43,960 --> 01:06:48,488
... contesting the work of the Red Orchestra
633
01:06:48,640 --> 01:06:54,682
Horst Kopkow had been a leading
investigator of the Red Orchestra.
634
01:06:54,840 --> 01:06:59,129
He gave a statement to
the Allies...
635
01:06:59,280 --> 01:07:04,127
... in return, the British secret service
gave him a new identity.
636
01:07:04,280 --> 01:07:06,681
Kopkow became Horst Horst Kordes.
637
01:07:06,840 --> 01:07:11,289
He soon made a new
career and no one stopped him.
638
01:07:11,440 --> 01:07:15,490
Mr. Roeder, judge advocate
at the trial of the Orchestra...
639
01:07:15,640 --> 01:07:22,205
... wanted to save his own skin and
he tried to convince the Americans that
640
01:07:22,360 --> 01:07:27,571
... the Red Orchestra was still a dangerous and
active espionage group.
641
01:07:29,480 --> 01:07:35,522
espionage-phobia was repeatedly
fueled by the Cold War.
642
01:07:35,680 --> 01:07:42,450
The Gestapo described
the Red Orchestra as a ...
643
01:07:42,600 --> 01:07:46,764
... symbol of Soviet espionage.
644
01:07:46,920 --> 01:07:52,450
This was after 1945 when there was hostility on
both sides...
645
01:07:52,600 --> 01:07:56,002
... both the West and the East
646
01:07:56,160 --> 01:07:59,448
Heinz Hiihne, a journalist
for Der Spiegel...
647
01:07:59,600 --> 01:08:04,242
Described an espionage group ...
which had signaled to Moscow.
648
01:08:04,400 --> 01:08:09,850
How did you find out that
500 radio messages were sent?
649
01:08:10,000 --> 01:08:16,087
The 500 radio messages
spoken of...
650
01:08:16,240 --> 01:08:21,246
... I would add:
unfortunately for me...
651
01:08:21,400 --> 01:08:26,930
... was only an assertion by
some people...
652
01:08:27,080 --> 01:08:31,404
... who were aware of certain things...
653
01:08:31,560 --> 01:08:36,202
... but who obviously did not
have radio communications.
654
01:08:36,360 --> 01:08:41,571
If the Red Army had received that type of information from the Red Orchestra
655
01:08:41,720 --> 01:08:46,169
... which the more sensational reports spoke of ...
656
01:08:46,320 --> 01:08:52,726
... they could have responded much
more efficiently to the Nazis.
657
01:08:52,880 --> 01:08:59,206
In the West, they saw it as a
espionage group for the Soviet Union...
658
01:08:59,360 --> 01:09:03,126
... and in the East as a group of scouts
659
01:09:03,280 --> 01:09:08,650
Not spies, but scouts,
which had a positive tone.
660
01:09:10,600 --> 01:09:15,640
Minister Mielke and the Stasi posthumously awarded
661
01:09:15,800 --> 01:09:20,761
medals to members of the Red Orchestra...
662
01:09:20,920 --> 01:09:25,050
.. as a kind of predecessor of the Stasi
663
01:09:25,200 --> 01:09:31,526
I was shocked at
events in East Germany...
664
01:09:31,680 --> 01:09:35,082
... portraits of members
of the Red Orchestra...
665
01:09:35,240 --> 01:09:39,086
... sat beside portraits of DDR policemen...
666
01:09:39,240 --> 01:09:44,451
...who were killed in firefights
between East and West.
667
01:09:44,600 --> 01:09:52,007
The members of the Red Orchestra
were, therefore, used for propaganda.
668
01:09:54,240 --> 01:09:57,403
669
01:09:57,560 --> 01:10:02,441
Communism is not a political party,
but a way of life.
670
01:10:02,600 --> 01:10:05,001
.. an evil way of life...
671
01:10:05,160 --> 01:10:09,961
... related to a disease,
that spreads like an epidemic.
672
01:10:10,120 --> 01:10:15,411
therefore, a quarantine was necessary, in order to avoid it infecting this country.
673
01:10:15,560 --> 01:10:19,770
The CIA, or rather
its predecessor, the CIC...
674
01:10:19,920 --> 01:10:23,288
... started in 1945 and 1946...
675
01:10:23,440 --> 01:10:30,210
... to store all the files of those involved in the
Red Orchestra.
676
01:10:51,640 --> 01:10:55,804
The Americans took not only their Gestapo files ...
677
01:10:55,960 --> 01:11:02,445
... but also the moral judgments
of the Gestapo, about the group.
678
01:11:12,920 --> 01:11:16,163
When proceedings started...
679
01:11:16,320 --> 01:11:22,965
... against Manfred Roeder, because of all the death sentences he had demanded...
680
01:11:23,120 --> 01:11:27,489
a US officer in luneburg...
681
01:11:27,640 --> 01:11:31,042
... began an investigation between, '49 and '51.
682
01:11:31,200 --> 01:11:35,046
Ultimately no charges were filed...
683
01:11:35,200 --> 01:11:39,762
... because no serious injustice
was suspected.
684
01:11:39,920 --> 01:11:46,007
Manfred Roeder had behaved, they said,
as they would have expected in 1942 ..
685
01:11:46,160 --> 01:11:52,520
... considering the law at the time. His crimes ...
686
01:11:52,680 --> 01:11:56,401
... had been legitimized by 1951.
687
01:11:56,560 --> 01:12:03,170
Nobody in nazi judicial system has ever paid for their crimes.
688
01:12:03,320 --> 01:12:06,722
The judges and lawyers did not go to jail.
689
01:12:06,880 --> 01:12:11,807
This was in part because they were tried by their
peers, other judges and lawyers
690
01:12:11,960 --> 01:12:16,682
I only know that they argue that what they
did was legal
691
01:12:16,840 --> 01:12:23,166
... according to the existing law.
That can be used as an excuse for everything.
692
01:12:23,320 --> 01:12:27,848
In 1950, my grandparents decided...
693
01:12:28,000 --> 01:12:31,129
... to move to the eastern part of Berlin
694
01:12:31,280 --> 01:12:35,126
A major reason for this decision...
695
01:12:35,280 --> 01:12:39,808
... was the fact that Manfred Roeder had ...
696
01:12:39,960 --> 01:12:45,763
... openly joined a neo-Nazi party.
697
01:12:45,920 --> 01:12:53,247
When Manfred Roeder was brought to trial ...
698
01:12:53,400 --> 01:12:58,725
... the U.S. prosecutors against him said:
699
01:12:58,880 --> 01:13:04,125
Sorry, but the Nuremberg court ...
700
01:13:04,280 --> 01:13:11,641
... delivered justice for many Jews. Sorry,
but we can not do anything for you.
701
01:13:11,800 --> 01:13:17,170
People in our department of State
were seeking revenge ...
702
01:13:17,320 --> 01:13:24,363
... they said: There is no good in any German. Dont tell me any Germans did any good.
703
01:13:24,520 --> 01:13:29,162
If they have fought against Hitler they were probably bad guys who were communists.
704
01:13:29,320 --> 01:13:35,601
They were not good Germans. They were just traitors or something
705
01:13:35,760 --> 01:13:38,286
Who had betrayed the cause.
706
01:13:38,440 --> 01:13:42,684
But the real traitors to Germany
were Hitler and his associates.
707
01:13:42,840 --> 01:13:45,605
You always said your father ..
708
01:13:45,760 --> 01:13:51,449
.. the people of the Red Orchestra,
with their different opinions...
709
01:13:51,600 --> 01:13:54,570
... had a common belief:
710
01:13:54,720 --> 01:13:58,202
Fascism was the absolute evil...
711
01:13:58,360 --> 01:14:02,001
... that had to be overcome and destroyed
712
01:14:02,160 --> 01:14:07,166
They did, at least,
make their contribution
713
01:14:07,320 --> 01:14:13,771
After the war they were considered
to be communist spies.
714
01:14:13,920 --> 01:14:19,689
They cooperated with Moscow,
but it could have been London.
715
01:14:19,840 --> 01:14:25,210
Auschwitz had to be stopped.
Then of course came the gulag.
716
01:14:25,360 --> 01:14:28,011
But that's a different period.
717
01:14:28,160 --> 01:14:32,722
In the period in question,
World War II...
718
01:14:32,880 --> 01:14:35,724
... fascism was the enemy.
719
01:14:35,880 --> 01:14:41,683
I think it's really time that people stoped
calling what little resistance there was ...
720
01:14:41,840 --> 01:14:45,845
... good or bad. Its very subjective ...
721
01:14:46,000 --> 01:14:49,447
... to divide resistance into 'good' or bad .
722
01:14:50,080 --> 01:14:55,041
723
01:14:55,200 --> 01:15:00,081
724
01:15:00,240 --> 01:15:02,402
725
01:15:02,560 --> 01:15:07,248
726
01:15:07,400 --> 01:15:11,371
727
01:15:12,120 --> 01:15:17,604
728
01:15:17,760 --> 01:15:21,242
729
01:15:21,400 --> 01:15:25,689
730
01:15:25,840 --> 01:15:27,729
731
01:15:27,880 --> 01:15:32,841
732
01:15:33,000 --> 01:15:38,040
733
01:15:38,200 --> 01:15:42,41065649
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.