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In this video we're going to look at IP version for tracing.
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I'm going to give you an overview of IP version 4 addresses and explain the basics of provision for
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addressing.
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From now on I'm going to refer to IP addresses but be a way of please that I'm discussing IP version
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4 addresses in this video and not IP version 6 addresses.
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We're going to look at an overview of IP addresses what they looked like and how they function.
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I'm going to explain the various address classes that you get an IP version 4.
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In other words plus A plus B plus C plus D and Class E.
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We'll also talk about cyder.
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We'll see IDR and how that changes the address classes.
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But as a foundation it's important that you understand the 5 address classes A B C D and he will look
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at special IP addresses including the loopback address the local broadcast address and other special
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addresses.
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And lastly I'm going to explain what network mosques do and why they important with regards to IP addressing.
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So what is an IP address an IP address is a layer 3 logical address assigned by an administrator.
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Unlike MAC addresses which are hard coded or burnt into Network Interface Cards by the manufacturer
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an IP address is configured by an administrator.
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The IP address may change within a subnet.
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For example when using DHP or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol an IP address resides at a layer 3
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in the overside model.
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Please refer to the oocyte videos for more details on how the overside model works.
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An IP address is used to uniquely identify a device on the network and is used by routers to determine
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where that device is.
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So a router routes traffic to a destination IP address based on a hierarchy of network and host which
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will talk about in a moment.
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So once again the IP address uniquely identifies a device in a network in a similar way to how houses
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are uniquely identified him Street houses in the street have a unique address.
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So for example 10 Oxford Street in the same way a host in a network has a unique identifier on that
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network being its IP address.
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I'm going to expand on that analogy in the next few minutes.
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Every device on Internet has a unique IP address.
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So they are millions of IP addresses out there.
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And no two devices can have the same IP address for communication on the Internet.
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Every device needs a unique IP address and hence the move to IP version 6 these days because of IP version
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4 address exhaustion.
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So for example you cannot have a device 10 dot 1.1 but one communicating with a another device with
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the same IP address that's going to cause a conflict in the network.
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Every device on the Internet has its own unique IP address and requires a unique IP address for communication.
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Now I will be talking about RAFC 1918 addresses in a moment in that RAFC private IP address as I explained.
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So tender at 1.1 that one is an example of a private IP address as specified in our FC 19:18 you know
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a lot of organizations today private IP addresses are used internally and then those addresses on nattered
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or network address translated onto the Internet.
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So when a device with IP address 10 1 1 1 is connected to a public IP address such as 12 to one that
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1.1 the public IP address in this case 12 the one at one time one needs to be unique on the Internet.
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For now just understand that IP address is on the internet need to be unique from each other network
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address translation or Knecht once again is not covered in this video.
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But I will be discussing that in the set of CCMA videos.
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So be aware that in the real world multiple companies may use my IP address to send out one but one
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at one but those addresses are not tied to unique IP addresses.
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When those devices in traffic onto the Internet.
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Now here's a quick demonstration of some IP addresses.
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If I'm paying w w w dot yahoo dot com.
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Notice that the domain name is translated to an IP address.
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So in this case yahoo dot com is translated by a protocol called DNS or Domain Name Service to an IP
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address of 87 dot 2:48 dot 112 dot 181.
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DNS is used to convert easy to read names to IP addresses.
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It's much easier to remember a simple name such as Yahoo dot com or Cisco dot com or BBC.
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It's here to UK rather than having to remember the IP address of those domain names.
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As an analogy this is similar to a phone book where we are translating human friendly computer names
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to IP addresses.
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But what I'd like you to notice is that the IP address of yahoo dot com was resolved and we got an IP
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address of 87 to 4 8 1 1 2 181.
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I could pick another web site such as HP dot com.
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Notice the IP address is translated to 15 from 192 45 139.
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Now a lot of Web sites don't permit pings which uses ICMP.
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So the request times out.
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But notice that the DNS server did resolve HP to come to a 15 address.
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Now in a moment I'm going to explain what class A addresses are.
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But for this example HP own the 15 class a public address range so anything that starts with 15 in the
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first octet belongs to HP.
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Here's another example a pink Google dot com notice in this case it resolves to 74 125 233 50.
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