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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,966 --> 00:00:06,800 ♪♪ 2 00:00:06,833 --> 00:00:08,166 -I'm Scott Yoo. 3 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:10,333 Next on "Great Performances," 4 00:00:10,366 --> 00:00:13,433 the great Canadian pianist Stewart Goodyear will join me 5 00:00:13,466 --> 00:00:16,200 to try to do what no living pianist has done. 6 00:00:16,233 --> 00:00:18,966 ♪♪ 7 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:21,966 These are masterpieces. -One after the other. 8 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:25,933 -He'll play one of Mozart's most famous piano concertos... 9 00:00:25,966 --> 00:00:27,333 You know the piano part. 10 00:00:27,366 --> 00:00:30,700 How well do you know the orchestra part? 11 00:00:30,733 --> 00:00:32,700 ...while conducting it... 12 00:00:32,733 --> 00:00:34,833 and improvising the solos... 13 00:00:34,866 --> 00:00:37,433 Each one of those today is a full-time job. 14 00:00:37,466 --> 00:00:40,833 ...lust like Mozart would have done. 15 00:00:40,866 --> 00:00:43,233 This is not relaxed. This  is. 16 00:00:43,266 --> 00:00:47,500 This is not bone and skin. It's spaghetti. 17 00:00:47,533 --> 00:00:48,933 Late! 18 00:00:48,966 --> 00:00:51,233 They need a conductor 19 00:00:51,266 --> 00:00:54,566 to sit there and go, "Boom!" 20 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:57,133 As he trains and rehearses for this incredible feat... 21 00:00:57,166 --> 00:00:59,666 One of your jobs is to become inspired. 22 00:00:59,700 --> 00:01:03,233 -Every artist has their own point of view. 23 00:01:03,266 --> 00:01:05,133 -...we'll both gain a deeper appreciation 24 00:01:05,166 --> 00:01:07,166 for Mozart's genius. 25 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:10,700 ♪♪ 26 00:01:10,733 --> 00:01:11,933 When you're playing great music, 27 00:01:11,966 --> 00:01:15,000 it makes you try to be more than you are. 28 00:01:15,033 --> 00:01:17,300 ♪♪ 29 00:01:17,333 --> 00:01:20,633 Coming up on "Now Hear This: Becoming Mozart." 30 00:01:25,066 --> 00:01:30,033 [ "The Marriage of Figaro" overture plays ] 31 00:01:43,033 --> 00:01:49,400 ♪♪ 32 00:01:49,433 --> 00:01:55,766 ♪♪ 33 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:57,366 -If you've seen this show before, 34 00:01:57,400 --> 00:01:59,666 you may know me as a violinist. 35 00:01:59,700 --> 00:02:03,766 But for more than 20 years, my main job has been conducting. 36 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:13,300 ♪♪ 37 00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:22,800 ♪♪ 38 00:02:22,833 --> 00:02:32,333 ♪♪ 39 00:02:32,366 --> 00:02:35,866 During the season, I conduct the Mexico City Philharmonic. 40 00:02:35,900 --> 00:02:39,433 But every summer I come here, to Festival Mozaic. 41 00:02:39,466 --> 00:02:49,200 ♪♪ 42 00:02:49,233 --> 00:02:59,000 ♪♪ 43 00:02:59,033 --> 00:03:08,833 ♪♪ 44 00:03:08,866 --> 00:03:10,933 We now play works from all composers, 45 00:03:10,966 --> 00:03:13,333 but the festival began 50 years ago 46 00:03:13,366 --> 00:03:15,733 to focus on the works of Mozart, 47 00:03:15,766 --> 00:03:18,000 like this overture from "The Marriage of Figaro," 48 00:03:18,033 --> 00:03:20,100 one of his 22 operas, 49 00:03:20,133 --> 00:03:24,566 among 41 symphonies and 500 other works. 50 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:30,833 ♪♪ 51 00:03:30,866 --> 00:03:34,466 Good. Let's rehearse. 52 00:03:34,500 --> 00:03:36,566 Can you make more fortepiano? 53 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:39,466 [ Vocalizing ] 54 00:03:39,500 --> 00:03:42,700 Okay. Let's just hear David and -- and Liz. 55 00:03:42,733 --> 00:03:45,600 [ French horns playing single note ] 56 00:03:45,633 --> 00:03:47,600 Kate. 57 00:03:47,633 --> 00:03:51,500 [ French horn joins ] 58 00:03:51,533 --> 00:03:54,000 Thank you. Great. Let's keep it there. 59 00:03:54,033 --> 00:03:57,466 By the way, I hear -- [ Vocalizing ] 60 00:03:57,500 --> 00:03:59,366 There's too many ornaments on the tree. 61 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,700 Let's go from 236, please. 62 00:04:02,733 --> 00:04:12,100 ♪♪ 63 00:04:12,133 --> 00:04:21,500 ♪♪ 64 00:04:21,533 --> 00:04:25,133 Mozart was inventive and successful in all formats. 65 00:04:25,166 --> 00:04:27,633 ♪♪ 66 00:04:27,666 --> 00:04:29,100 But there was one where he set the standard 67 00:04:29,133 --> 00:04:32,133 for all who followed -- the piano concerto. 68 00:04:32,166 --> 00:04:33,633 And whenever he premiered one, 69 00:04:33,666 --> 00:04:37,233 the piano soloist was Mozart himself. 70 00:04:37,266 --> 00:04:43,100 ♪♪ 71 00:04:43,133 --> 00:04:45,800 [ Finale plays ] 72 00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:47,266 Great. 73 00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:50,000 Tomorrow, Stewart Goodyear will be coming here to play 74 00:04:50,033 --> 00:04:52,300 Mozart's 20th piano concerto, 75 00:04:52,333 --> 00:04:55,133 and he's going to try to do what Mozart did. 76 00:04:55,166 --> 00:04:56,866 He's going to play the concerto, 77 00:04:56,900 --> 00:04:59,700 he's going to conduct the concerto from the piano -- 78 00:04:59,733 --> 00:05:01,633 and he's never conducted before -- 79 00:05:01,666 --> 00:05:04,666 and he's going to improvise the cadenzas. 80 00:05:04,700 --> 00:05:06,866 Think about how hard that is. 81 00:05:06,900 --> 00:05:09,500 It's really, really difficult. 82 00:05:09,533 --> 00:05:12,700 Anyway, be patient with him. He's really a huge talent. 83 00:05:12,733 --> 00:05:14,800 Okay? See you tomorrow. 84 00:05:14,833 --> 00:05:20,666 ♪♪ 85 00:05:20,700 --> 00:05:26,533 ♪♪ 86 00:05:26,566 --> 00:05:29,766 Festival Mozaic happens each year in San Luis Obispo, 87 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:31,900 on the central coast of California, 88 00:05:31,933 --> 00:05:34,900 a place famous for vineyards and ocean views. 89 00:05:34,933 --> 00:05:36,466 But what's less known 90 00:05:36,500 --> 00:05:38,600 are its miles and miles of rolling hills 91 00:05:38,633 --> 00:05:42,933 which, after the rains, feel more like Ireland. 92 00:05:42,966 --> 00:05:45,233 On a nearby ranch, a festival board member 93 00:05:45,266 --> 00:05:47,833 lent us a place to rehearse. 94 00:05:47,866 --> 00:05:55,633 ♪♪ 95 00:05:55,666 --> 00:06:03,466 ♪♪ 96 00:06:03,500 --> 00:06:11,266 ♪♪ 97 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:19,066 ♪♪ 98 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:21,200 Stewart's been performing Mozart piano concertos 99 00:06:21,233 --> 00:06:22,933 since he was 12 years old, 100 00:06:22,966 --> 00:06:25,533 but never like he'd try to do it here. 101 00:06:25,566 --> 00:06:26,900 I'd have to teach him 102 00:06:26,933 --> 00:06:29,400 enough about conducting in just one week 103 00:06:29,433 --> 00:06:31,700 to successfully lead the orchestra. 104 00:06:31,733 --> 00:06:36,566 ♪♪ 105 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:37,766 Oh, man. -22. 106 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:39,666 -That's how old he was? -22 years old, yeah. 107 00:06:39,700 --> 00:06:41,100 -Yeah. That's incredible. -Unbelievable. 108 00:06:41,133 --> 00:06:43,566 -So, we're here to talk about conducting. 109 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:44,800 -Yes, we are. 110 00:06:44,833 --> 00:06:47,633 -Rule one -- you've got to know the score. 111 00:06:47,666 --> 00:06:50,933 I mean, not just your  part, but -- 112 00:06:50,966 --> 00:06:52,100 -Every part. 113 00:06:52,133 --> 00:06:54,266 -What you're buying is credibility, okay? 114 00:06:54,300 --> 00:06:57,300 So, if they know that you know what they have 115 00:06:57,333 --> 00:07:00,266 and you're kind of guiding them in like air-traffic control, 116 00:07:00,300 --> 00:07:02,500 "I got you, I got you"... -They'll be able to trust me. 117 00:07:02,533 --> 00:07:04,800 -...they trust you, and then they'll go with you. 118 00:07:04,833 --> 00:07:06,900 "Oh, you want that? I'm going to go with you." 119 00:07:06,933 --> 00:07:08,300 -Yeah. -And then it becomes 120 00:07:08,333 --> 00:07:10,700 a much more unified experience on stage. 121 00:07:10,733 --> 00:07:12,533 Now, obviously you know the piano part. 122 00:07:12,566 --> 00:07:14,000 -Yeah. -Okay. 123 00:07:14,033 --> 00:07:17,733 How well do you know the orchestra part? 124 00:07:17,766 --> 00:07:20,066 -I feel like I'm skimming the surface every time I study it. 125 00:07:20,100 --> 00:07:21,466 -So we've got to work on that, 126 00:07:21,500 --> 00:07:24,100 'cause that's the most paramount, important thing... 127 00:07:24,133 --> 00:07:25,900 -Yeah. -...I would say. 128 00:07:25,933 --> 00:07:27,266 Um, this is how I learn. 129 00:07:27,300 --> 00:07:29,500 I just play it. -Okay. 130 00:07:29,533 --> 00:07:32,433 -Can you play the first violin part -- 131 00:07:32,466 --> 00:07:34,166 the viola part, second-violin part, 132 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:36,233 and first-violin part with your right hand? 133 00:07:36,266 --> 00:07:37,866 And close the music so you can't read it? 134 00:07:37,900 --> 00:07:40,633 -Right. Yeah. 135 00:07:40,666 --> 00:07:42,633 [ Piano playing ] 136 00:07:42,666 --> 00:07:48,366 ♪♪ 137 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:51,333 -That's good. Okay. 138 00:07:51,366 --> 00:07:53,466 I'll play the first-violin part, second-violin part, and viola. 139 00:07:53,500 --> 00:07:55,633 I'll sing the viola line. 140 00:07:55,666 --> 00:07:59,000 And can you play the cello part and the bass part 141 00:07:59,033 --> 00:08:00,466 with your left hand, 142 00:08:00,500 --> 00:08:02,600 and then, when the horns have to come in, 143 00:08:02,633 --> 00:08:04,233 I want you to sing that D. 144 00:08:04,266 --> 00:08:05,400 [ Vocalizing ] 145 00:08:05,433 --> 00:08:06,866 -Okay. -Okay? Let's try it. 146 00:08:06,900 --> 00:08:08,666 -All right. 147 00:08:08,700 --> 00:08:10,333 -[ Vocalizing ] 148 00:08:10,366 --> 00:08:20,166 ♪♪ 149 00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:23,333 -Late! It's late. 150 00:08:23,366 --> 00:08:26,133 The horns come in there. You've got to sing that. 151 00:08:26,166 --> 00:08:28,133 -The horns come in late? 152 00:08:28,166 --> 00:08:30,600 -Look at the score. 153 00:08:30,633 --> 00:08:32,733 They come in on the downbeat. You didn't sing it. 154 00:08:32,766 --> 00:08:34,133 -Right! -Yes. Okay. 155 00:08:34,166 --> 00:08:36,866 And that's super-important because the horns, 156 00:08:36,900 --> 00:08:38,500 they really need your help. 157 00:08:38,533 --> 00:08:40,433 You know why you're conducting, right? 158 00:08:40,466 --> 00:08:43,366 It's because people can't hear each other. 159 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:46,666 If you're sitting back there where the horns are, 160 00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:48,433 you can't hear anything. 161 00:08:48,466 --> 00:08:50,100 [Muffled] It sounds like this. -Yes. 162 00:08:50,133 --> 00:08:51,733 -[Normal voice] And it's impossible. 163 00:08:51,766 --> 00:08:55,566 So they need a conductor to sit there and go, "Boom," 164 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:56,866 so that they know when to play. 165 00:08:56,900 --> 00:08:59,266 Otherwise, it's just terrifying for them. 166 00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:00,966 -Right. -So that's super-important. 167 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:03,666 Okay. You're never going to make that mistake again, okay? 168 00:09:03,700 --> 00:09:05,266 That's page one. 169 00:09:05,300 --> 00:09:07,133 I don't know. There are like 70 pages in the score? 170 00:09:07,166 --> 00:09:08,600 You got to go through page 2 like that, 171 00:09:08,633 --> 00:09:10,200 page 3 like that, 4. 172 00:09:10,233 --> 00:09:13,433 You've got to do this before you step on the podium. 173 00:09:13,466 --> 00:09:15,133 -Okay. -Okay? 174 00:09:15,166 --> 00:09:24,733 ♪♪ 175 00:09:24,766 --> 00:09:26,666 [ Birds chirping ] 176 00:09:26,700 --> 00:09:30,400 ♪♪ 177 00:09:30,433 --> 00:09:32,733 Stewart is known for his interpretations 178 00:09:32,766 --> 00:09:35,400 of Mozart and Beethoven as a pianist, 179 00:09:35,433 --> 00:09:37,466 but interpreting a work for an orchestra 180 00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:39,566 is a much larger challenge. 181 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:43,366 I took him for a hike above the house to give him some pointers. 182 00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:52,266 ♪♪ 183 00:09:52,300 --> 00:10:01,166 ♪♪ 184 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:10,066 ♪♪ 185 00:10:10,100 --> 00:10:12,233 So, one of your jobs while you're here in California 186 00:10:12,266 --> 00:10:16,333 is to, you know, walk around and become inspired 187 00:10:16,366 --> 00:10:19,666 and imbibe a piece like Mozart's 20th 188 00:10:19,700 --> 00:10:22,333 and figure out what you want. 189 00:10:22,366 --> 00:10:25,133 -First time I heard this concerto, 190 00:10:25,166 --> 00:10:28,333 I was 4 years old, and it scared me. 191 00:10:28,366 --> 00:10:31,733 -Really? -I had this notion in my head 192 00:10:31,766 --> 00:10:34,633 that I was hearing a musical depiction 193 00:10:34,666 --> 00:10:36,133 of a storm coming through, 194 00:10:36,166 --> 00:10:39,333 and you felt the thunder before you heard it. 195 00:10:39,366 --> 00:10:41,266 And then suddenly there was this crack 196 00:10:41,300 --> 00:10:43,066 that just alerted you. 197 00:10:43,100 --> 00:10:44,966 -I mean, who knows what inspired Mozart 198 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:46,666 to write this piece, you know? -Yeah. 199 00:10:46,700 --> 00:10:51,166 -But I think, since you're going to be conducting this piece, 200 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:53,733 it's not so important what inspired Mozart, 201 00:10:53,766 --> 00:10:55,766 but what inspires you. 202 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,600 I still remember my first conducting lesson. 203 00:10:57,633 --> 00:11:01,166 It was 26, 27 years ago. 204 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:03,533 And my teacher said to me, 205 00:11:03,566 --> 00:11:06,200 "The most important thing when you conduct..." -- 206 00:11:06,233 --> 00:11:09,000 And I was sort of waiting for it and thinking, 207 00:11:09,033 --> 00:11:12,166 "Oh, it's, you know, your right hand has to do this," 208 00:11:12,200 --> 00:11:14,000 or, "Your left hand has to do this." 209 00:11:14,033 --> 00:11:16,266 And he said, "The most important thing 210 00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:19,800 is to have a really strong point of view." 211 00:11:19,833 --> 00:11:25,033 And your job as a conductor is to get other people 212 00:11:25,066 --> 00:11:28,066 to do it your way, to play your idea. 213 00:11:28,100 --> 00:11:31,066 And that's what I hear from orchestra musicians. 214 00:11:31,100 --> 00:11:34,500 The single biggest complaint of any conductor is, 215 00:11:34,533 --> 00:11:36,233 "We didn't know what they wanted." 216 00:11:36,266 --> 00:11:38,233 And that's what you have to -- -Convey. 217 00:11:38,266 --> 00:11:40,333 -You have got to convey that. Absolutely. 218 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:42,400 -Yeah. -It's got to be specific. 219 00:11:42,433 --> 00:11:47,233 Hone your interpretation and make it more vivid, 220 00:11:47,266 --> 00:11:51,266 more poignant, more delicate, whatever. 221 00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:52,700 -Yeah. -But maybe you'll find 222 00:11:52,733 --> 00:11:55,433 something new, you know, that extra 10% you need 223 00:11:55,466 --> 00:11:57,100 to make a really memorable performance. 224 00:11:57,133 --> 00:11:58,733 -Right. -That's what we're all search-- 225 00:11:58,766 --> 00:12:00,333 -That's what we're all striving for. 226 00:12:00,366 --> 00:12:02,566 -That's what we're all searching for. 227 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:05,433 [ Instruments warming up ] 228 00:12:05,466 --> 00:12:12,433 ♪♪ 229 00:12:12,466 --> 00:12:19,433 ♪♪ 230 00:12:19,466 --> 00:12:23,266 Stewart, two really quick things before we go on stage. 231 00:12:23,300 --> 00:12:24,800 This festival orchestra 232 00:12:24,833 --> 00:12:26,800 is unlike anything you've ever played with. 233 00:12:26,833 --> 00:12:28,900 I know you've played with some of the greats, 234 00:12:28,933 --> 00:12:30,900 but this one is like the all-star team. 235 00:12:30,933 --> 00:12:33,133 Each person has been hand-picked, 236 00:12:33,166 --> 00:12:36,566 and it's all the best people from all the best orchestras. 237 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:40,433 And if they smell even an ounce of fear from you, 238 00:12:40,466 --> 00:12:43,633 or hesitation, they'll just...tune you out. 239 00:12:43,666 --> 00:12:45,100 -Then it's over. -It's over. 240 00:12:45,133 --> 00:12:46,566 You're a novice conductor, 241 00:12:46,600 --> 00:12:49,766 but you are an absolutely experienced pianist. 242 00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:52,833 And you have to go in with that confidence. 243 00:12:52,866 --> 00:12:57,500 The other thing is, since you've never conducted, 244 00:12:57,533 --> 00:13:01,533 I think it might be better for you to start in the middle, 245 00:13:01,566 --> 00:13:02,833 right when you come in. 246 00:13:02,866 --> 00:13:04,966 Let them hear you play the piano and say, 247 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,966 "Wow. This Stewart is wonderful. I love the way he plays. 248 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:11,200 You know, and his conducting's not so bad." 249 00:13:11,233 --> 00:13:14,400 Rather than beginner conductor who also plays the piano. 250 00:13:14,433 --> 00:13:16,733 -Right. -And that is a razor's edge. 251 00:13:16,766 --> 00:13:18,800 And you want to be on this  side of that edge. 252 00:13:18,833 --> 00:13:20,133 -Yes. -Okay. Let's go. 253 00:13:20,166 --> 00:13:21,566 -Right. 254 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,400 [ Thumping ] 255 00:13:29,566 --> 00:13:30,733 Good morning. 256 00:13:30,766 --> 00:13:32,566 Such a pleasure working with all of you. 257 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:34,400 We're going to be starting the Mozart, 258 00:13:34,433 --> 00:13:37,866 bar 77 where the piano solo comes in. 259 00:13:41,866 --> 00:13:50,433 ♪♪ 260 00:13:50,466 --> 00:13:59,033 ♪♪ 261 00:13:59,066 --> 00:14:07,700 ♪♪ 262 00:14:07,733 --> 00:14:09,900 [ Orchestra joins ] 263 00:14:09,933 --> 00:14:17,700 ♪♪ 264 00:14:17,733 --> 00:14:25,466 ♪♪ 265 00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:33,266 ♪♪ 266 00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:41,033 ♪♪ 267 00:14:41,066 --> 00:14:48,833 ♪♪ 268 00:14:48,866 --> 00:14:56,600 ♪♪ 269 00:14:56,633 --> 00:15:04,466 ♪♪ 270 00:15:04,500 --> 00:15:12,233 ♪♪ 271 00:15:12,266 --> 00:15:15,033 -When the soloist also conducts the orchestra, 272 00:15:15,066 --> 00:15:17,500 as Mozart did, they have to concentrate 273 00:15:17,533 --> 00:15:19,966 on delivering a masterful performance 274 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,433 while listening to and leading the other musicians. 275 00:15:23,466 --> 00:15:25,666 It's phenomenally difficult. 276 00:15:25,700 --> 00:15:33,633 ♪♪ 277 00:15:33,666 --> 00:15:41,566 ♪♪ 278 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:49,533 ♪♪ 279 00:15:49,566 --> 00:15:57,466 ♪♪ 280 00:15:57,500 --> 00:16:00,866 Great, Stewart! Terrific! Let's stop there. 281 00:16:05,033 --> 00:16:07,100 You didn't really give them a good cue, 282 00:16:07,133 --> 00:16:09,566 so they were late and slow. 283 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:11,133 Remember. They can't hear you. 284 00:16:11,166 --> 00:16:12,700 -Okay. -Okay? 285 00:16:12,733 --> 00:16:15,900 They have to be given something very clear and affirmative. 286 00:16:15,933 --> 00:16:17,200 -Okay. -Okay? 287 00:16:17,233 --> 00:16:18,700 -[ Page turns ] -And even places like here, 288 00:16:18,733 --> 00:16:20,666 your left hand is not playing the piano here. 289 00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:22,766 Your right hand is not playing the piano here. 290 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:24,800 Think about if Mozart were playing this concerto. 291 00:16:24,833 --> 00:16:27,133 He is conducting with his left hand 292 00:16:27,166 --> 00:16:30,433 while his right hand is playing and vice versa. 293 00:16:30,466 --> 00:16:33,400 Use all of the weapons in your disposal, 294 00:16:33,433 --> 00:16:34,700 meaning your two hands, 295 00:16:34,733 --> 00:16:38,400 to either be playing the piano or the orchestra. 296 00:16:38,433 --> 00:16:39,633 -Yes. Got it. -Okay? 297 00:16:39,666 --> 00:16:41,600 -Yeah. So as I'm playing on the piano, 298 00:16:41,633 --> 00:16:45,666 is it, like, a quarter-note -- a head tilt beforehand? 299 00:16:45,700 --> 00:16:47,033 -Head tilt. You can stick out your tongue. 300 00:16:47,066 --> 00:16:48,566 -[ Chuckles ] Okay. -You know, wiggle your ears. 301 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:50,600 But you got to do something definite. 302 00:16:50,633 --> 00:16:52,800 -Right. Okay. -Okay. Let's do it. 303 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,366 -Right where we left off. 304 00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:09,166 ♪♪ 305 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:18,900 ♪♪ 306 00:17:18,933 --> 00:17:28,633 ♪♪ 307 00:17:28,666 --> 00:17:38,400 ♪♪ 308 00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:48,133 ♪♪ 309 00:17:48,166 --> 00:17:57,866 ♪♪ 310 00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:07,666 ♪♪ 311 00:18:07,700 --> 00:18:17,400 ♪♪ 312 00:18:17,433 --> 00:18:19,033 -In his concertos, 313 00:18:19,066 --> 00:18:22,900 Mozart always improvised the cadenzas, the piano solos, 314 00:18:22,933 --> 00:18:25,666 then wrote them down later for others to play. 315 00:18:25,700 --> 00:18:27,666 But he didn't for the 20th. 316 00:18:27,700 --> 00:18:30,866 So other composers, like Beethoven, wrote their own. 317 00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:36,133 ♪♪ 318 00:18:36,166 --> 00:18:41,400 ♪♪ 319 00:18:41,433 --> 00:18:43,066 Sue Cahill, from the orchestra, 320 00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:45,666 is also a world-class jazz bassist. 321 00:18:45,700 --> 00:18:48,600 I asked her to give Stewart some new ideas about harmony 322 00:18:48,633 --> 00:18:50,666 for his  improvisation. 323 00:18:50,700 --> 00:19:00,466 ♪♪ 324 00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:02,000 -Beautiful. 325 00:19:02,033 --> 00:19:04,333 -I'm trying to find my own point of view 326 00:19:04,366 --> 00:19:05,800 for this performance coming up. 327 00:19:05,833 --> 00:19:08,866 I've improvised before, but... 328 00:19:08,900 --> 00:19:13,166 just how Beethoven had his own voice 329 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:16,566 and his trademark genius, I have absolutely no idea 330 00:19:16,600 --> 00:19:18,933 whether or not I have genius or  trademark, 331 00:19:18,966 --> 00:19:20,533 but I'm going to do my best 332 00:19:20,566 --> 00:19:22,600 and try to find my own way around it. 333 00:19:22,633 --> 00:19:24,000 -Yeah. 334 00:19:24,033 --> 00:19:25,500 What if we do some, um, 335 00:19:25,533 --> 00:19:27,400 improvisatory work in the second movement, 336 00:19:27,433 --> 00:19:29,066 where there isn't a cadenza? -Perfect. 337 00:19:29,100 --> 00:19:30,800 -I think what I'm going to ask you to do 338 00:19:30,833 --> 00:19:34,533 is only play the right hand. -Okay. 339 00:19:34,566 --> 00:19:36,233 -I think let's really bring it down 340 00:19:36,266 --> 00:19:38,566 to something smoky and dark. 341 00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:40,166 Um... 342 00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:43,800 [ Vocalizing ] 343 00:19:43,833 --> 00:19:48,666 About there. Two, ready, play. 344 00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:57,300 ♪♪ 345 00:19:57,333 --> 00:20:05,933 ♪♪ 346 00:20:05,966 --> 00:20:14,566 ♪♪ 347 00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:16,266 Yeah! I like that. That's cool. 348 00:20:16,300 --> 00:20:19,966 -I was responding exactly to your harmonies, 349 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,633 and you led me to where I should go. 350 00:20:23,666 --> 00:20:25,900 -Yeah, I mean, that's the best thing about improvisation, 351 00:20:25,933 --> 00:20:28,500 is, like... 352 00:20:28,533 --> 00:20:30,266 It's such a great way to communicate 353 00:20:30,300 --> 00:20:32,000 with your fellow musicians on stage. 354 00:20:32,033 --> 00:20:35,100 -Exactly. -Do you want to try maybe adding 355 00:20:35,133 --> 00:20:38,166 some chords underneath this, in this second movement? 356 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:39,766 -Sure. 357 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:42,566 -I think -- We would have to agree on the chords, 358 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:43,966 so if you don't mind, 359 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,533 want to just show you a quick thing here. 360 00:20:46,566 --> 00:20:50,000 I think it'd be cool to add this into what we were doing. 361 00:20:50,033 --> 00:20:52,833 So, this is just basically an outline of kind of the notes 362 00:20:52,866 --> 00:20:54,500 I was playing underneath what you were doing. 363 00:20:54,533 --> 00:20:57,233 -Okay. -So instead of the B flat, 364 00:20:57,266 --> 00:20:59,333 which is the, you know... [ Piano plays ] 365 00:20:59,366 --> 00:21:01,366 ...the opening of the second movement, 366 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:04,100 we're going to switch it to D flat. 367 00:21:04,133 --> 00:21:06,466 Okay? I've added this kind of weird tone there, 368 00:21:06,500 --> 00:21:07,666 which, you know, you can do. 369 00:21:07,700 --> 00:21:10,166 If it sounds good, go for it. -Okay. 370 00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:12,500 -And then the next couple of beats, I... 371 00:21:12,533 --> 00:21:14,100 [ Piano plays ] ...I added G flat. 372 00:21:14,133 --> 00:21:15,600 Okay? -Uh-huh. 373 00:21:15,633 --> 00:21:18,633 -And then I went to E. 374 00:21:18,666 --> 00:21:21,366 And then you can see I've added a couple of more chords there. 375 00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:23,566 Do you want to try that 376 00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:26,166 and see if that works for us to do together? 377 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:27,866 -Sure. Absolutely. -Yeah. Okay. 378 00:21:27,900 --> 00:21:31,633 -So, am I doing chords with you or just the melody? 379 00:21:31,666 --> 00:21:33,766 -Do the melody, and then maybe you can just do 380 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:35,533 the bass line here if you want. 381 00:21:35,566 --> 00:21:37,933 Um, give it a shot. 382 00:21:37,966 --> 00:21:43,300 ♪♪ 383 00:21:43,333 --> 00:21:45,466 -Oh, wow. Okay. -[ Laughs ] 384 00:21:45,500 --> 00:21:52,466 ♪♪ 385 00:21:52,500 --> 00:21:59,433 ♪♪ 386 00:21:59,466 --> 00:22:01,500 -Something like that? -Something like that. 387 00:22:01,533 --> 00:22:02,866 You know, a good rule of thumb 388 00:22:02,900 --> 00:22:04,600 for just starting an improv in jazz 389 00:22:04,633 --> 00:22:06,300 is if you find yourself on the wrong note, 390 00:22:06,333 --> 00:22:09,700 like it sounds wrong to you, just move one note over. 391 00:22:09,733 --> 00:22:11,200 -Oh, okay. -Yeah, one tiny note. 392 00:22:11,233 --> 00:22:13,066 Like, a little bit, not a lot. -All right. 393 00:22:13,100 --> 00:22:14,933 -And then you'll usually find your way. 394 00:22:14,966 --> 00:22:16,366 -All right. -Want to try it? 395 00:22:16,400 --> 00:22:18,400 -Sure. -Okay. 396 00:22:23,566 --> 00:22:32,866 ♪♪ 397 00:22:32,900 --> 00:22:42,166 ♪♪ 398 00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:51,500 ♪♪ 399 00:22:51,533 --> 00:22:54,266 -Putting different chords -- a different harmony -- 400 00:22:54,300 --> 00:22:58,166 under the exact same melody yields such different results. 401 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:03,600 ♪♪ 402 00:23:03,633 --> 00:23:09,000 ♪♪ 403 00:23:09,033 --> 00:23:11,500 Stewart and I went back to the ranch house 404 00:23:11,533 --> 00:23:14,533 so I could teach him to communicate through movement. 405 00:23:14,566 --> 00:23:23,233 ♪♪ 406 00:23:23,266 --> 00:23:31,966 ♪♪ 407 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:40,666 ♪♪ 408 00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:42,700 It's good. It's good. 409 00:23:42,733 --> 00:23:46,100 Stewart, just watch out. Your hands are going like this. 410 00:23:46,133 --> 00:23:48,500 I wanted to tell you this at the rehearsal. 411 00:23:48,533 --> 00:23:50,166 Your hands are going like this, 412 00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:53,600 and so you're drawing all of my attention to your fingers. 413 00:23:53,633 --> 00:23:55,833 -Oh, okay. -Yeah. And, um... 414 00:23:55,866 --> 00:23:58,466 When you're conducting, it's kind of a strange thing 415 00:23:58,500 --> 00:24:01,933 to be moving your arms and essentially 416 00:24:01,966 --> 00:24:05,366 commanding people instantaneously with your hands. 417 00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:07,066   I mean, when does that happen? 418 00:24:07,100 --> 00:24:10,733 So in order to make this kind of unnatural act 419 00:24:10,766 --> 00:24:13,866 as natural as possible, you want to keep all the parts 420 00:24:13,900 --> 00:24:15,700 of your body as natural as possible. 421 00:24:15,733 --> 00:24:18,266 So, first step, let's relax our hand. 422 00:24:18,300 --> 00:24:22,166 This is not relaxed. This  is. Just shake it out. 423 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:24,366 Just give me the last two bars. 424 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:30,533 ♪♪ 425 00:24:30,566 --> 00:24:33,933 So, I need to see some kind of click or something so that 426 00:24:33,966 --> 00:24:37,200 I know when to start playing, 'cause it's just so subtle. 427 00:24:37,233 --> 00:24:39,600 -Oh, okay. -Yeah. Try it again. 428 00:24:39,633 --> 00:24:41,666 ♪♪ 429 00:24:41,700 --> 00:24:44,500 When I'm conducting, I try to think of my hands 430 00:24:44,533 --> 00:24:47,533 as being not a part of my body, 431 00:24:47,566 --> 00:24:51,000 but being suspended by an invisible string. 432 00:24:51,033 --> 00:24:54,833 And this is not bone and skin. It's spaghetti, okay? 433 00:24:54,866 --> 00:25:04,600 ♪♪ 434 00:25:04,633 --> 00:25:07,533 -That was so terrible! That was so terrible. 435 00:25:07,566 --> 00:25:09,733 -What was wrong with that? It was good. 436 00:25:09,766 --> 00:25:17,033 ♪♪ 437 00:25:17,066 --> 00:25:24,333 ♪♪ 438 00:25:24,366 --> 00:25:26,833 That was really nice, but what you did was you went... 439 00:25:26,866 --> 00:25:29,433 [Inhales deeply] But you also moved your body. 440 00:25:29,466 --> 00:25:34,066 If your body is moving and your hands are moving, 441 00:25:34,100 --> 00:25:36,366 then what the orchestra is seeing 442 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,466 is this really funny moving target. 443 00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:41,666 -So, when my feet are planted like this, never move them? 444 00:25:41,700 --> 00:25:43,300 -Yeah, exactly. That's -- -Okay. 445 00:25:43,333 --> 00:25:46,500 -Your feet do not have a role in conducting. 446 00:25:46,533 --> 00:25:48,466 They do not conduct. -Okay. 447 00:25:48,500 --> 00:25:50,133 -They are a pedestal 448 00:25:50,166 --> 00:25:52,366 for the rest of your body to sit on them. 449 00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:55,866 It's just like your piano's legs do not move, either. 450 00:25:55,900 --> 00:25:57,566 Look, when you're in front of the orchestra, 451 00:25:57,600 --> 00:25:59,433 there are going to be times when you're thinking, 452 00:25:59,466 --> 00:26:01,266 "My God, this is going so well," 453 00:26:01,300 --> 00:26:03,166 and there are going to be other times when you're thinking, 454 00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:05,700 "I'm in so far above my head." 455 00:26:05,733 --> 00:26:07,400 That's what makes it great. 456 00:26:07,433 --> 00:26:15,433 ♪♪ 457 00:26:15,466 --> 00:26:23,466 ♪♪ 458 00:26:23,500 --> 00:26:31,533 ♪♪ 459 00:26:31,566 --> 00:26:39,566 ♪♪ 460 00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:47,600 ♪♪ 461 00:26:47,633 --> 00:26:55,633 ♪♪ 462 00:26:55,666 --> 00:26:58,133 You know, the reason conducting is so hard 463 00:26:58,166 --> 00:27:02,633 is because in order to try harder you have to do less. 464 00:27:02,666 --> 00:27:04,033 You've got to let go. 465 00:27:04,066 --> 00:27:05,866 Let everything go. 466 00:27:05,900 --> 00:27:08,433 And then  the orchestra will play. 467 00:27:08,466 --> 00:27:16,366 ♪♪ 468 00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:24,300 ♪♪ 469 00:27:24,333 --> 00:27:32,233 ♪♪ 470 00:27:32,266 --> 00:27:35,633 After the rehearsal, we took a minute to marvel at the impact 471 00:27:35,666 --> 00:27:39,200 Mozart's concertos had on classical music after him. 472 00:27:39,233 --> 00:27:41,966 You know, what's amazing to me about these piano concertos, 473 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:44,966 it's not just that he wrote 27 of them, 474 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,200 but that he wrote them 475 00:27:47,233 --> 00:27:51,100 as a vehicle for himself out of necessity. 476 00:27:51,133 --> 00:27:53,366 He needed money. 477 00:27:53,400 --> 00:27:55,500 This is, like, born out of desperation, 478 00:27:55,533 --> 00:27:58,200 and then he writes something like this. 479 00:27:58,233 --> 00:28:01,900 -He was the guy that inspired future composers. 480 00:28:01,933 --> 00:28:06,300 And the way that composers write vehicles for solo instruments, 481 00:28:06,333 --> 00:28:09,033 for violin to piano and everything, 482 00:28:09,066 --> 00:28:10,766 they really take after the model of Mozart. 483 00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:12,166 -Yeah, you've got to argue 484 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:14,966 that there's no Brahms piano concerto number 1, number 2 485 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:16,200 without Mozart. 486 00:28:16,233 --> 00:28:18,300 -Without Mozart. Especially the Mozart D minor. 487 00:28:18,333 --> 00:28:20,333 -Sure. The five Beethoven concertos 488 00:28:20,366 --> 00:28:21,866 don't happen without Mozart. 489 00:28:21,900 --> 00:28:24,733 Rachmaninoff -- something so distant 490 00:28:24,766 --> 00:28:26,600 and remote from Mozart -- does not happen without Mozart. 491 00:28:26,633 --> 00:28:28,000 -Would not have happened without Mozart. 492 00:28:28,033 --> 00:28:30,000 No Mendelssohn violin concerto. 493 00:28:30,033 --> 00:28:31,933 -Right! -All of these masterpieces. 494 00:28:31,966 --> 00:28:33,633 -Tchaikovsky's violin concerto. -Yeah. 495 00:28:33,666 --> 00:28:35,200 -They don't exist. 496 00:28:35,233 --> 00:28:40,100 It's all because of this one man having to sell himself, 497 00:28:40,133 --> 00:28:43,200 organizing the hall, copying the parts, 498 00:28:43,233 --> 00:28:45,566 writing the music, improvising, conducting. 499 00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:49,033 -These vehicles out of necessity changed the world. 500 00:28:49,066 --> 00:28:51,200 -Incredible. -Unbelievable. 501 00:28:51,233 --> 00:28:58,133 ♪♪ 502 00:28:58,166 --> 00:29:05,133 ♪♪ 503 00:29:05,166 --> 00:29:12,066 ♪♪ 504 00:29:12,100 --> 00:29:14,800 -To give Stewart more ideas for his interpretation, 505 00:29:14,833 --> 00:29:16,566 I took him to Serra Chapel, 506 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:18,266 which was built by a local family 507 00:29:18,300 --> 00:29:19,966 using European antiquities 508 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,866 left over from the nearby Hearst Castle. 509 00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:24,833 ♪♪ 510 00:29:24,866 --> 00:29:26,666 After you. 511 00:29:26,700 --> 00:29:28,800 This is an amazing place. 512 00:29:28,833 --> 00:29:31,966 -My goodness. -Well, if you need inspiration, 513 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:34,100 you're going to certainly get it here. 514 00:29:34,133 --> 00:29:37,366 I can safely say there's nothing else like this 515 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:39,133 in the entire world. 516 00:29:39,166 --> 00:29:44,833 So, apparently, that ceiling is from Spain, 517 00:29:44,866 --> 00:29:46,433 and it's from the 14th century. 518 00:29:46,466 --> 00:29:49,866 This window here is from Morocco, 519 00:29:49,900 --> 00:29:52,033 and that's from the 11th century. 520 00:29:52,066 --> 00:29:53,600 Um, I think this crucifix 521 00:29:53,633 --> 00:29:55,800 may be from the 15th or 16th century. 522 00:29:55,833 --> 00:29:58,700 I mean, this is a... -That is incredible. 523 00:29:58,733 --> 00:30:01,933 -...new ancient building. 524 00:30:01,966 --> 00:30:07,033 ♪♪ 525 00:30:07,066 --> 00:30:12,100 ♪♪ 526 00:30:12,133 --> 00:30:13,666 You know, being in a place like this, 527 00:30:13,700 --> 00:30:16,166 you remember that the greats -- 528 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:20,800 Vivaldi, Bach, Haydn, Mozart -- 529 00:30:20,833 --> 00:30:24,900 found inspiration from spirituality and religion. 530 00:30:24,933 --> 00:30:26,600 -Yeah. 531 00:30:26,633 --> 00:30:28,466 -You told me that you were a choir boy? 532 00:30:28,500 --> 00:30:30,300 -Yes. You know, it's interesting. 533 00:30:30,333 --> 00:30:32,766 Coming here, I'm reminded of the cathedral 534 00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:35,233 that my chorus used to go sing at every Sunday. 535 00:30:35,266 --> 00:30:39,633 And we sang "Ave Verum Corpus" and "Laudate Dominum," 536 00:30:39,666 --> 00:30:42,833 all of these incredible choral works of Mozart. 537 00:30:42,866 --> 00:30:45,000 I'm hearing these works in my head, actually, 538 00:30:45,033 --> 00:30:48,100 when I'm looking at that incredible ceiling. 539 00:30:48,133 --> 00:30:49,766 -Yeah. -It's amazing. 540 00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:54,233 -I come to this chapel every summer for Festival Mozaic. 541 00:30:54,266 --> 00:30:56,233 We often play baroque music here, 542 00:30:56,266 --> 00:30:59,366 and when you're playing great music like that 543 00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:02,100 in an incredible venue like this, 544 00:31:02,133 --> 00:31:04,866 it makes you really stretch 545 00:31:04,900 --> 00:31:07,666 and -- and try to be more than you are. 546 00:31:07,700 --> 00:31:09,600 -That's beautiful. 547 00:31:17,566 --> 00:31:19,533 [ Violin playing ] 548 00:31:19,566 --> 00:31:27,500 ♪♪ 549 00:31:27,533 --> 00:31:35,433 ♪♪ 550 00:31:35,466 --> 00:31:43,400 ♪♪ 551 00:31:43,433 --> 00:31:51,333 ♪♪ 552 00:31:51,366 --> 00:31:59,300 ♪♪ 553 00:31:59,333 --> 00:32:07,300 ♪♪ 554 00:32:07,333 --> 00:32:15,266 ♪♪ 555 00:32:15,300 --> 00:32:17,633 [ Bells tolling, violin fades ] 556 00:32:39,233 --> 00:32:41,266 So that Stewart could hear 557 00:32:41,300 --> 00:32:44,433 how other artists before him interpreted Mozart, 558 00:32:44,466 --> 00:32:46,800 we went to the home of a local collector 559 00:32:46,833 --> 00:32:50,266 of vintage recordings and audio gear. 560 00:32:50,300 --> 00:32:52,733 -That's an original Edison phonograph. 561 00:32:52,766 --> 00:32:54,433 -Do you have Sousa here? -Sousa? 562 00:32:54,466 --> 00:32:56,300 There's probably some Sousa in there 563 00:32:56,333 --> 00:32:57,766 somewhere in that collection, yes. 564 00:32:57,800 --> 00:33:01,066 -I'm going to totally geek out. This is incredible! 565 00:33:01,100 --> 00:33:06,100 -This is how families were entertained in 1905. 566 00:33:13,566 --> 00:33:16,266 Now, everything in here is mechanical, 567 00:33:16,300 --> 00:33:18,566 so no electricity. 568 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,700 It runs on a spring that you have to wind up. 569 00:33:21,733 --> 00:33:23,433 [ Soft clicking ] 570 00:33:26,966 --> 00:33:29,066 This amplifies the sound. 571 00:33:31,666 --> 00:33:34,166 Put the needle down. 572 00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:36,200 -"The Rose of Mexico Waltz," 573 00:33:36,233 --> 00:33:39,066 played by the Edison Symphony Orchestra. 574 00:33:39,100 --> 00:33:48,233 ♪♪ 575 00:33:48,266 --> 00:33:57,400 ♪♪ 576 00:33:57,433 --> 00:34:06,633 ♪♪ 577 00:34:06,666 --> 00:34:08,133 [ Music stops ] 578 00:34:08,166 --> 00:34:11,000 -This is like a dream come true listening to this. 579 00:34:11,033 --> 00:34:13,300 -If you had to make a machine now 580 00:34:13,333 --> 00:34:16,733 that plays music like this without electricity, 581 00:34:16,766 --> 00:34:18,600 you really would be hard-pressed to do better than this. 582 00:34:18,633 --> 00:34:20,300 This is amazing. 583 00:34:20,333 --> 00:34:22,300 -You can do a little bit better than this 584 00:34:22,333 --> 00:34:25,500 with the 78 RPM gramophone. 585 00:34:25,533 --> 00:34:30,066 And the principles of operation are really very much the same. 586 00:34:30,100 --> 00:34:33,100 It's all mechanical. No electricity involved. 587 00:34:33,133 --> 00:34:35,366 Wind that up for a bit. [ Soft clicking ] 588 00:34:35,400 --> 00:34:38,966 This is a lovely old oak horn. 589 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,666 Basically the same technology is still alive today, 590 00:34:42,700 --> 00:34:46,966 except vinyl records are now amplified electronically. 591 00:34:48,300 --> 00:34:50,133 -[ Chuckles ] 592 00:34:50,166 --> 00:34:52,400 You have a lot of records, George. 593 00:34:52,433 --> 00:34:54,266 -Yeah, I have a few. 594 00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:56,733 -I don't think I've ever seen a larger collection than this. 595 00:34:56,766 --> 00:34:59,100 This is -- How many have you got? 596 00:34:59,133 --> 00:35:02,766 -It's probably about 4,000 here. 597 00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:04,500 You find something you like, Stewart? 598 00:35:04,533 --> 00:35:07,133 -How many recordings of the 20th do you have? Mozart's 20th. 599 00:35:07,166 --> 00:35:10,833 -I have 13 versions of that, and most of them are here on LP. 600 00:35:10,866 --> 00:35:12,266   -Do you have a favorite? 601 00:35:12,300 --> 00:35:14,000 -My favorite's Alfred Brendel 602 00:35:14,033 --> 00:35:15,833 with Neville Marriner conducting, 603 00:35:15,866 --> 00:35:18,100 which is why I have the complete collection 604 00:35:18,133 --> 00:35:20,100 of this piano concerti here. 605 00:35:20,133 --> 00:35:24,433 The Brendel is a very cerebral performance. 606 00:35:24,466 --> 00:35:28,033 It's something that speaks to me 607 00:35:28,066 --> 00:35:30,966 as if he has something very important to say. 608 00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,200 -Point of view. -Want to go hear them? 609 00:35:33,233 --> 00:35:36,733 -One second. I'm still geeking out. 610 00:35:36,766 --> 00:35:38,066 I want to hear them all. 611 00:35:38,100 --> 00:35:40,133 -Okay. Let's grab them all. 612 00:35:42,533 --> 00:35:44,800 Really, there's nothing fundamentally different 613 00:35:44,833 --> 00:35:48,633 going on here compared to the two machines we saw earlier. 614 00:35:48,666 --> 00:35:51,766 The sound is picked up by a mechanical needle. 615 00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:55,000 So, I thought that we would start with a fortepiano version. 616 00:35:55,033 --> 00:35:57,100   It has a small orchestra, 617 00:35:57,133 --> 00:36:01,766 and it has that early music orchestra feel to it. 618 00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:04,166 So, let's listen to the 3rd movement. 619 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:11,100 ♪♪ 620 00:36:11,133 --> 00:36:12,966 -So, this is the fortepiano. 621 00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:16,533 what Mozart would have played at the premiere in 1785. 622 00:36:16,566 --> 00:36:21,866 ♪♪ 623 00:36:21,900 --> 00:36:24,466 -It's interesting to hear how the orchestra 624 00:36:24,500 --> 00:36:26,833 probably sounded in Mozart's time -- 625 00:36:26,866 --> 00:36:29,900 smaller, more transparent, gut strings. 626 00:36:29,933 --> 00:36:38,266 ♪♪ 627 00:36:38,300 --> 00:36:40,033 [ Click, music stops ] 628 00:36:44,600 --> 00:36:52,166 ♪♪ 629 00:36:52,200 --> 00:36:54,266 -It's interesting. I know Katchen from his Brahms. 630 00:36:54,300 --> 00:36:57,133 This is the first time hearing his Mozart. 631 00:36:57,166 --> 00:36:59,666 -I admire him. He has just incredible control and just... 632 00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:03,666 -It's a great combination of fierceness and grace. 633 00:37:03,700 --> 00:37:05,533 -Mm-hmm. -It's interesting. 634 00:37:05,566 --> 00:37:10,733 ♪♪ 635 00:37:10,766 --> 00:37:14,000 Very romantic interpretation. -Yeah. It sounds like Brahms. 636 00:37:14,033 --> 00:37:16,266 ♪♪ 637 00:37:16,300 --> 00:37:18,700 [ Click ] -Next one is my favorite. 638 00:37:18,733 --> 00:37:20,400 -Okay. -The Brendel. 639 00:37:20,433 --> 00:37:23,300 -It's Alfred Brendel. 640 00:37:23,333 --> 00:37:27,133 Also one that I think is really nicely recorded. 641 00:37:27,166 --> 00:37:29,600 Good engineering on this. 642 00:37:29,633 --> 00:37:35,266 ♪♪ 643 00:37:35,300 --> 00:37:40,933 ♪♪ 644 00:37:40,966 --> 00:37:44,266 -Great sense of urgency in Brendel's playing. 645 00:37:44,300 --> 00:37:47,233 -I'm not used to hearing Brendel this excited. 646 00:37:47,266 --> 00:37:49,833 -Same for the orchestra. -I like it. 647 00:37:49,866 --> 00:37:51,666 -Yeah. -I like it. 648 00:37:51,700 --> 00:37:53,766 -I love listening to various recordings 649 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:55,766 because it just confirms to me 650 00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:58,066 that every interpretation is valuable, 651 00:37:58,100 --> 00:38:01,633 and every artist has their own point of view. 652 00:38:01,666 --> 00:38:07,500 ♪♪ 653 00:38:07,533 --> 00:38:13,400 ♪♪ 654 00:38:13,433 --> 00:38:23,233 ♪♪ 655 00:38:23,266 --> 00:38:33,100 ♪♪ 656 00:38:33,133 --> 00:38:42,933 ♪♪ 657 00:38:42,966 --> 00:38:52,766 ♪♪ 658 00:38:52,800 --> 00:39:02,700 ♪♪ 659 00:39:02,733 --> 00:39:12,533 ♪♪ 660 00:39:12,566 --> 00:39:15,733 -How was that, Scott? -It was okay. 661 00:39:15,766 --> 00:39:19,166 Everyone, please take a break. 662 00:39:19,200 --> 00:39:21,333 Let's go talk. -Okay. 663 00:39:21,366 --> 00:39:23,066 -I felt so comfortable 664 00:39:23,100 --> 00:39:27,166 with the first and second movements of the concerto, 665 00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:30,133 and then when it came to the third, 666 00:39:30,166 --> 00:39:32,100 I felt like I was back to square one. 667 00:39:32,133 --> 00:39:34,333 -Well, the third movement is one of the most 668 00:39:34,366 --> 00:39:35,933 difficult things to conduct. 669 00:39:35,966 --> 00:39:38,133 [ Vocalizing ] It's very, very hard. 670 00:39:38,166 --> 00:39:41,866 -I think that's all I was thinking of, was cueing. 671 00:39:41,900 --> 00:39:44,900 -So, where you got in trouble was, 672 00:39:44,933 --> 00:39:47,200 you started following the orchestra, 673 00:39:47,233 --> 00:39:48,700 and then you started panicking 674 00:39:48,733 --> 00:39:51,033 because the orchestra started slowing down. 675 00:39:51,066 --> 00:39:53,000 -Yeah. -And rather than think about it 676 00:39:53,033 --> 00:39:54,333 from a technical angle that, 677 00:39:54,366 --> 00:39:55,966 "Okay, what can I do with my hands 678 00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:59,700 to make them not slow down, "what's much more important to me 679 00:39:59,733 --> 00:40:03,133 is to present the orchestra with an affirmative vision -- 680 00:40:03,166 --> 00:40:05,866 what is your point of view? 681 00:40:05,900 --> 00:40:07,500 So if you had to explain this concerto 682 00:40:07,533 --> 00:40:09,366 to somebody who didn't know music, 683 00:40:09,400 --> 00:40:13,000 how would you explain the character of this concerto? 684 00:40:13,033 --> 00:40:15,200 -Like an individual in the dark trying to find some light 685 00:40:15,233 --> 00:40:17,366 for the whole half an hour. 686 00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:18,733 -Okay. 687 00:40:18,766 --> 00:40:20,966 -Terror. -Okay. 688 00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:23,233 Okay. So we have darkness, terror. 689 00:40:23,266 --> 00:40:24,400 -Longing. It's just -- 690 00:40:24,433 --> 00:40:26,600 -Okay. So, that's a lot -- -That is a lot. 691 00:40:26,633 --> 00:40:28,333 -That's a lot of spokes on the wheel. 692 00:40:28,366 --> 00:40:30,600 It can't be, like, five or six different things. 693 00:40:30,633 --> 00:40:32,166 It's not -- That's too diffuse. 694 00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:34,366 The orchestra won't really grab onto that. 695 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:37,500 Actually, I'm really thinking about one thing 696 00:40:37,533 --> 00:40:39,100 that the piece is about. 697 00:40:39,133 --> 00:40:41,733 Of course, music, you know, ebbs and flows, 698 00:40:41,766 --> 00:40:46,033 but that one central thing that the piece means. 699 00:40:46,066 --> 00:40:48,666 I think you need to find that. -Right. 700 00:40:48,700 --> 00:40:50,066 -Listen. 701 00:40:50,100 --> 00:40:53,466 If you really feel it in your bones that, 702 00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:56,100 "Ah, this concerto has to go like this," 703 00:40:56,133 --> 00:40:58,833 then your body has no choice 704 00:40:58,866 --> 00:41:00,900 but to communicate that to the orchestra. 705 00:41:00,933 --> 00:41:04,466 And you've got until tomorrow to do this. 706 00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:08,700 Figure out exactly what that one idea is. 707 00:41:08,733 --> 00:41:11,566 [ Jazz drums playing ] 708 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:18,900 ♪♪ 709 00:41:18,933 --> 00:41:26,266 ♪♪ 710 00:41:26,300 --> 00:41:28,466 To finish Stewart's improv exercises, 711 00:41:28,500 --> 00:41:31,266 I ask the great drummer Clayton Cameron 712 00:41:31,300 --> 00:41:33,300 to meet him and Sue backstage that night 713 00:41:33,333 --> 00:41:36,366 to expand his ideas about rhythm. 714 00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:42,300 ♪♪ 715 00:41:42,333 --> 00:41:44,733 -Clayton, I feel like a square for saying this, but bravo. 716 00:41:44,766 --> 00:41:46,300 [ Laughter ] 717 00:41:46,333 --> 00:41:48,033 That's the classical word for "wow." 718 00:41:48,066 --> 00:41:49,900 -Oh. Thank you. -It was just incredible. 719 00:41:49,933 --> 00:41:51,566 -Yeah, it was awesome. -Thank you. 720 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:53,733 -Yeah, that is -- You know, I come from a world 721 00:41:53,766 --> 00:41:58,333 where classical musicians stopped improvising, 722 00:41:58,366 --> 00:42:00,933 even though that was one of the traditions 723 00:42:00,966 --> 00:42:03,300 in Mozart and Beethoven's time. 724 00:42:03,333 --> 00:42:04,633 We are always interpreting 725 00:42:04,666 --> 00:42:07,633 exactly what's on the page and nothing else. 726 00:42:07,666 --> 00:42:09,066 -Right, right. Well, you know, 727 00:42:09,100 --> 00:42:11,500 I remember hearing an interview with Herbie Hancock 728 00:42:11,533 --> 00:42:13,433 where he felt he played a wrong chord, 729 00:42:13,466 --> 00:42:15,666 and Miles Davis just heard the chord 730 00:42:15,700 --> 00:42:17,666 and then played this beautiful melody over it, 731 00:42:17,700 --> 00:42:21,066 so what was considered a mistake by Herbie at the moment 732 00:42:21,100 --> 00:42:22,900 was fine with Miles. 733 00:42:22,933 --> 00:42:24,866 So it's like even the mistakes can be used. 734 00:42:24,900 --> 00:42:26,500 You know, so it's not, like, taboo. 735 00:42:26,533 --> 00:42:28,200 -That's another thing that's foreign 736 00:42:28,233 --> 00:42:29,466 to the classical players. 737 00:42:29,500 --> 00:42:31,500 Like, "You made a mistake. Don't do that again!" 738 00:42:31,533 --> 00:42:32,800 -Yeah, cause sometimes guys say, 739 00:42:32,833 --> 00:42:34,866 "Even my best stuff is when I make my mistakes." 740 00:42:34,900 --> 00:42:38,033 -I like that, so much. -So it's a different philosophy. 741 00:42:38,066 --> 00:42:39,800 [ Laughter ] -That's excellent, yeah. 742 00:42:39,833 --> 00:42:41,933 -Anyway, should we try it? -Yeah, let's try it. 743 00:42:41,966 --> 00:42:43,266 Let's give it a whirl. 744 00:42:43,300 --> 00:42:45,633 -You can do it, Stewart. -You can do it. 745 00:42:45,666 --> 00:42:47,166 [ Laughter ] 746 00:42:48,633 --> 00:42:50,600 [ Drums playing ] 747 00:42:50,633 --> 00:42:54,533 ♪♪ 748 00:42:54,566 --> 00:42:56,966 [ Piano and bass join ] 749 00:42:57,000 --> 00:43:06,100 ♪♪ 750 00:43:06,133 --> 00:43:15,166 ♪♪ 751 00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:24,233 ♪♪ 752 00:43:24,266 --> 00:43:33,300 ♪♪ 753 00:43:33,333 --> 00:43:42,366 ♪♪ 754 00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:51,433 ♪♪ 755 00:43:51,466 --> 00:44:00,566 ♪♪ 756 00:44:00,600 --> 00:44:09,633 ♪♪ 757 00:44:09,666 --> 00:44:18,700 ♪♪ 758 00:44:18,733 --> 00:44:20,400 -Yeah! -Yeah! 759 00:44:20,433 --> 00:44:22,433 That went all kinds of places. 760 00:44:22,466 --> 00:44:24,866 -[ Laughs ] Stewart looks stunned. 761 00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:26,666 [ Laughter ] 762 00:44:26,700 --> 00:44:31,100 -Well, I was definitely keeping in mind, "Mistakes are good." 763 00:44:31,133 --> 00:44:32,533 [ Laughter ] 764 00:44:32,566 --> 00:44:34,166 -Well, you know, it's a language. 765 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:35,733 So, I'm counting the bars. 766 00:44:35,766 --> 00:44:37,200 [ Scatting ] 767 00:44:37,233 --> 00:44:38,600 ♪ One, two, three 768 00:44:38,633 --> 00:44:41,866 [ Scatting ] 769 00:44:41,900 --> 00:44:47,566 ♪♪ 770 00:44:47,600 --> 00:44:50,233 That's eight bars. Now you develop... 771 00:44:50,266 --> 00:44:52,566 [ Scatting ] 772 00:44:52,600 --> 00:44:54,066 [ Bass playing ] 773 00:44:54,100 --> 00:44:55,933 [ Scatting ] 774 00:44:55,966 --> 00:45:02,500 ♪♪ 775 00:45:02,533 --> 00:45:04,133 Now we're walking. 776 00:45:04,166 --> 00:45:11,333 ♪♪ 777 00:45:11,366 --> 00:45:18,533 ♪♪ 778 00:45:18,566 --> 00:45:20,033 Then you bring it back home. 779 00:45:20,066 --> 00:45:22,000 [ Scatting ] 780 00:45:22,033 --> 00:45:23,966 Then we go out with... 781 00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:26,300 [ Scatting ] 782 00:45:26,333 --> 00:45:28,333 So you bring us  back. 783 00:45:28,366 --> 00:45:29,666 You dig? -Let's try it. 784 00:45:29,700 --> 00:45:32,700 So you go back to your theme. -Let's try that. 785 00:45:32,733 --> 00:45:33,966 -Yeah. Okay? -Okay. 786 00:45:34,000 --> 00:45:35,500 -Yeah. 787 00:45:35,533 --> 00:45:45,266 ♪♪ 788 00:45:45,300 --> 00:45:55,033 ♪♪ 789 00:45:55,066 --> 00:46:04,866 ♪♪ 790 00:46:04,900 --> 00:46:14,633 ♪♪ 791 00:46:14,666 --> 00:46:24,400 ♪♪ 792 00:46:24,433 --> 00:46:34,166 ♪♪ 793 00:46:34,200 --> 00:46:43,933 ♪♪ 794 00:46:43,966 --> 00:46:53,700 ♪♪ 795 00:46:53,733 --> 00:47:03,533 ♪♪ 796 00:47:03,566 --> 00:47:07,300 -Stewart is one of the few classical concert pianists 797 00:47:07,333 --> 00:47:08,833 who can improvise. 798 00:47:08,866 --> 00:47:10,866 I hoped that exploring a new style 799 00:47:10,900 --> 00:47:13,533 would provide some new inspiration... 800 00:47:16,100 --> 00:47:17,933 ...along with one last hike, 801 00:47:17,966 --> 00:47:20,500 on the morning of the dress rehearsal. 802 00:47:20,533 --> 00:47:29,833 ♪♪ 803 00:47:29,866 --> 00:47:39,166 ♪♪ 804 00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:48,500 ♪♪ 805 00:47:48,533 --> 00:47:57,833 ♪♪ 806 00:47:57,866 --> 00:47:59,833 [ Waves crashing ] 807 00:48:18,066 --> 00:48:27,600 ♪♪ 808 00:48:27,633 --> 00:48:37,166 ♪♪ 809 00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:46,766 ♪♪ 810 00:48:46,800 --> 00:48:56,333 ♪♪ 811 00:48:56,366 --> 00:49:05,966 ♪♪ 812 00:49:06,000 --> 00:49:15,533 ♪♪ 813 00:49:15,566 --> 00:49:25,133 ♪♪ 814 00:49:25,166 --> 00:49:34,700 ♪♪ 815 00:49:34,733 --> 00:49:36,966 [ Birds crying ] 816 00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:45,300 ♪♪ 817 00:49:45,333 --> 00:49:53,633 ♪♪ 818 00:49:53,666 --> 00:50:01,933 ♪♪ 819 00:50:01,966 --> 00:50:10,266 ♪♪ 820 00:50:10,300 --> 00:50:18,600 ♪♪ 821 00:50:18,633 --> 00:50:26,933 ♪♪ 822 00:50:26,966 --> 00:50:35,266 ♪♪ 823 00:50:35,300 --> 00:50:43,566 ♪♪ 824 00:50:43,600 --> 00:50:51,900 ♪♪ 825 00:50:51,933 --> 00:51:00,300 ♪♪ 826 00:51:00,333 --> 00:51:03,200 This is the cadenza I hoped he'd deliver -- 827 00:51:03,233 --> 00:51:07,200 in the style of Mozart, with a touch of the modern. 828 00:51:07,233 --> 00:51:11,366 And I knew Stewart was ready for his performance at the festival. 829 00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:21,066 ♪♪ 830 00:51:21,100 --> 00:51:30,766 ♪♪ 831 00:51:30,800 --> 00:51:40,466 ♪♪ 832 00:51:40,500 --> 00:51:50,166 ♪♪ 833 00:51:50,200 --> 00:51:59,866 ♪♪ 834 00:51:59,900 --> 00:52:09,633 ♪♪ 835 00:52:09,666 --> 00:52:19,333 ♪♪ 836 00:52:19,366 --> 00:52:29,033 ♪♪ 837 00:52:29,066 --> 00:52:31,600 I've known Mozart's music my whole life, 838 00:52:31,633 --> 00:52:34,833 but I've never seen anyone do it like this -- 839 00:52:34,866 --> 00:52:38,433 playing, conducting, and improvising. 840 00:52:38,466 --> 00:52:43,300 And except for this, you may never, either. 841 00:52:43,333 --> 00:52:46,633 However, a once-in-a-lifetime feat today 842 00:52:46,666 --> 00:52:51,233 was every  performance for the genius that was Mozart. 843 00:52:51,266 --> 00:52:55,866 I'm Scott Yoo, and I hope you can Now Hear This. 844 00:52:55,900 --> 00:53:01,800 ♪♪ 845 00:53:05,300 --> 00:53:13,933 ♪♪ 846 00:53:13,966 --> 00:53:22,666 ♪♪ 847 00:53:22,700 --> 00:53:31,366 ♪♪ 848 00:53:31,400 --> 00:53:32,800 -To find out more about this 849 00:53:32,833 --> 00:53:34,500 and other "Great Performances" programs, 850 00:53:34,533 --> 00:53:37,800 visit PBS.org/greatperformances. 851 00:53:37,833 --> 00:53:40,700 Find us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter. 852 00:53:40,733 --> 00:53:48,600 ♪♪ 853 00:53:48,633 --> 00:53:56,466 ♪♪ 854 00:53:56,500 --> 00:54:04,466 ♪♪ 60105

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