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[SAM] My ancestors
came from here.
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00:00:23,414 --> 00:00:25,155
They were taken
from Africa in chains.
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00:00:25,286 --> 00:00:26,852
♪
4
00:00:26,983 --> 00:00:30,465
During the slave trade,
more than 12 million Africans
5
00:00:30,595 --> 00:00:32,554
were trafficked
across the Atlantic
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00:00:32,684 --> 00:00:35,339
to North and South America
and the Caribbean.
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00:00:35,470 --> 00:00:37,820
♪
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00:00:37,950 --> 00:00:42,346
More than 2 million
died en route.
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00:00:42,477 --> 00:00:47,308
♪
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00:00:47,438 --> 00:00:49,919
For 400 years,
the traffic in Africans
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00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:54,271
was an accepted part of life
in the Western world.
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00:00:54,402 --> 00:00:56,447
How did people justify this?
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00:00:56,578 --> 00:00:59,494
♪
14
00:00:59,624 --> 00:01:01,496
[whimpering]
15
00:01:01,626 --> 00:01:04,064
[KRAMER] The story of the
slave trade is world history.
16
00:01:04,194 --> 00:01:06,544
It's a world shame.
17
00:01:06,675 --> 00:01:10,287
[KINGA] We're talking about
going down 350 feet
18
00:01:10,418 --> 00:01:12,159
to the depths of the ocean.
19
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You have to
come to terms with it.
20
00:01:13,203 --> 00:01:14,291
You have to confront it.
21
00:01:14,422 --> 00:01:16,250
♪
22
00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:17,836
Diving and investigating
sunken slave ships
23
00:01:17,860 --> 00:01:21,342
will reveal much about
this overlooked history.
24
00:01:21,472 --> 00:01:23,387
But to understand
the broader picture
25
00:01:23,518 --> 00:01:25,737
behind the transatlantic
slave trade,
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00:01:25,868 --> 00:01:27,565
I'm enlisting the help
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00:01:27,696 --> 00:01:30,568
of two award-winning
investigative journalists.
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Every part of
the system encouraged abuse.
29
00:01:33,441 --> 00:01:36,444
What happened to them and why?
30
00:01:36,574 --> 00:01:40,448
All of these Europeans
thought that it was compatible
31
00:01:40,578 --> 00:01:43,277
to conduct this horrific trade,
and at the same time
32
00:01:43,407 --> 00:01:44,515
these guys were
going in to church
33
00:01:44,539 --> 00:01:46,889
and saying
their prayers every day.
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00:01:48,673 --> 00:01:51,241
Until that point,
faith was everything.
35
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- Yes.
- Suddenly faith was not enough.
36
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Now it was all about blood.
37
00:01:56,420 --> 00:01:57,943
NATHALIE:
It would've been utterly
38
00:01:58,074 --> 00:02:00,642
terrifying and miserable.
39
00:02:00,772 --> 00:02:03,732
There were diagrams which showed
the most effective way to pack
40
00:02:03,862 --> 00:02:06,387
the largest number of captives
into a given space.
41
00:02:06,517 --> 00:02:09,477
♪
42
00:02:09,607 --> 00:02:11,957
This is what it is,
man's inhumanity to man,
43
00:02:12,088 --> 00:02:15,004
and this is almost
like the capital of it.
44
00:02:15,135 --> 00:02:19,356
♪
45
00:02:19,487 --> 00:02:22,359
[creaking, clack]
46
00:02:22,490 --> 00:02:30,490
♪
47
00:02:31,499 --> 00:02:32,978
[seabirds calling]
48
00:02:33,109 --> 00:02:35,633
We've come to the
English Channel to investigate
49
00:02:35,764 --> 00:02:40,247
a 350-year-old
unidentified slave ship
50
00:02:40,377 --> 00:02:42,466
that scientists call "35F."
51
00:02:42,597 --> 00:02:45,208
We're briefed
by Dr. Sean Kingsley,
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00:02:45,339 --> 00:02:46,818
an expert on the wreck.
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00:02:46,949 --> 00:02:50,518
SEAN: The tragedy
of site "35F" is this ship
54
00:02:50,648 --> 00:02:53,347
was wrecked within
a day's sail of England
55
00:02:53,477 --> 00:02:55,151
at the very front door
of the United Kingdom.
56
00:02:55,175 --> 00:02:57,699
♪
57
00:02:57,829 --> 00:03:04,009
Sometime between 1672 and 1685,
"35F" sailed from England.
58
00:03:04,140 --> 00:03:06,534
It was bound for West Africa.
59
00:03:06,664 --> 00:03:09,798
The ship almost certainly
set out from London,
60
00:03:09,928 --> 00:03:14,019
perhaps for modern Ghana,
a 5 to 7-week journey.
61
00:03:14,150 --> 00:03:17,588
It was owned by
the Royal African Company.
62
00:03:17,719 --> 00:03:19,721
At the time,
the King of England,
63
00:03:19,851 --> 00:03:23,725
Charles the II, had a monopoly
on the slave trade,
64
00:03:23,855 --> 00:03:26,815
and this was a company ship.
65
00:03:26,945 --> 00:03:30,601
[waves and storm sounds]
66
00:03:30,732 --> 00:03:33,474
On its way back to England,
67
00:03:33,604 --> 00:03:36,128
the slave ship hit a storm
and went down.
68
00:03:36,259 --> 00:03:44,259
♪
69
00:03:50,926 --> 00:03:54,712
"35F" was located by marine
researchers in the early 2000s,
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00:03:54,843 --> 00:03:59,674
photographed by robotic camera,
and largely forgotten.
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00:03:59,804 --> 00:04:02,242
This particular ship is probably
the earliest slaver
72
00:04:02,372 --> 00:04:03,852
in the world ever found.
73
00:04:03,982 --> 00:04:06,724
And in this period,
in the 1680s,
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00:04:06,855 --> 00:04:09,249
the Royal Africa Company
was importing around
75
00:04:09,379 --> 00:04:11,773
5,000 slaves every year.
76
00:04:11,903 --> 00:04:14,602
And we know that vessels
like this had the capacity
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00:04:14,732 --> 00:04:17,431
to carry 650 slaves.
78
00:04:17,561 --> 00:04:19,737
If you look carefully
and zoom in,
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00:04:19,868 --> 00:04:21,870
you can see remains
of these iron cannons
80
00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:24,568
and copper manilla bracelets...
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00:04:24,699 --> 00:04:26,918
Primitive currency
that were used
82
00:04:27,049 --> 00:04:31,793
to barter with West Africa
for elephants, gold, and slaves.
83
00:04:31,923 --> 00:04:35,449
All these types of material
culture are typical of a ship
84
00:04:35,579 --> 00:04:37,886
that's going out
to West Africa to participate
85
00:04:38,016 --> 00:04:41,890
in the slave trade.
86
00:04:42,020 --> 00:04:44,893
So no one has put eyes
on this wreck for 10 years now.
87
00:04:45,023 --> 00:04:47,025
We don't know if it
still even exists.
88
00:04:47,156 --> 00:04:49,941
So your mission is to get
out there, rediscover the site,
89
00:04:50,072 --> 00:04:53,467
and see what other bits of
information you can extract
90
00:04:53,597 --> 00:04:55,599
to add to our story.
91
00:04:55,730 --> 00:04:56,837
SACHA: Let's take
a look at the charts.
92
00:04:56,861 --> 00:04:59,734
Well, this is
the western approaches.
93
00:04:59,864 --> 00:05:03,433
This is England. Over here
to the south is France.
94
00:05:03,564 --> 00:05:04,976
Out where I'm standing
is the Atlantic.
95
00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,656
And the big motion of
the sea, it's coming in here.
96
00:05:08,786 --> 00:05:10,416
It's getting compressed
between France and England.
97
00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:12,529
The waves become higher,
98
00:05:12,660 --> 00:05:13,811
and the sea becomes
more disturbed.
99
00:05:13,835 --> 00:05:15,532
And that's why we've got around
100
00:05:15,663 --> 00:05:18,970
5,700 shipwrecks
around the British Isles.
101
00:05:19,101 --> 00:05:21,799
And when there was a storm here,
it was the perfect storm.
102
00:05:21,930 --> 00:05:24,672
To dive this,
we need conditions to be good.
103
00:05:24,802 --> 00:05:26,761
We need them to be calm, flat.
104
00:05:26,891 --> 00:05:28,347
For all those factors
to come together,
105
00:05:28,371 --> 00:05:32,201
it's just going to present
a small window of opportunity.
106
00:05:32,332 --> 00:05:34,334
♪
107
00:05:34,464 --> 00:05:35,335
[seabirds calling]
108
00:05:35,465 --> 00:05:37,380
JOSH: So this is it.
109
00:05:37,511 --> 00:05:39,687
It's not gonna be an easy one,
110
00:05:39,817 --> 00:05:43,604
as the wreck is about
45 miles away from land.
111
00:05:43,734 --> 00:05:46,694
We have the coordinates
of the shipwreck site.
112
00:05:46,824 --> 00:05:47,932
And to find it again,
we'll be using one of the most
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00:05:47,956 --> 00:05:50,654
advanced
research vessels available.
114
00:05:50,785 --> 00:05:54,963
♪
115
00:05:55,093 --> 00:05:57,966
The local crew is
very experienced,
116
00:05:58,096 --> 00:06:00,360
and they know how treacherous
and unpredictable
117
00:06:00,490 --> 00:06:02,274
the waters can be.
118
00:06:02,405 --> 00:06:05,843
♪
119
00:06:05,974 --> 00:06:09,020
My dad is British,
but my mom is Bahamian,
120
00:06:09,151 --> 00:06:12,633
descended from slaves that
were brought over from Africa,
121
00:06:12,763 --> 00:06:15,418
so I'm straddling
these two lives,
122
00:06:15,549 --> 00:06:18,073
these two ancestry lines.
123
00:06:18,203 --> 00:06:23,208
This is probably the oldest
slaver ever discovered,
124
00:06:23,339 --> 00:06:26,298
so with that information,
I-I suddenly...
125
00:06:26,429 --> 00:06:29,650
my shoulders droop, and I feel
this weight of responsibility.
126
00:06:29,780 --> 00:06:31,739
♪
127
00:06:31,869 --> 00:06:35,873
The story of the slave trade
is world history.
128
00:06:36,004 --> 00:06:38,204
England was involved in it.
Portugal was involved in it.
129
00:06:38,310 --> 00:06:41,009
The French were involved in it.
The Dutch were involved in it.
130
00:06:41,139 --> 00:06:43,403
The Africans were
involved in it, right?
131
00:06:43,533 --> 00:06:46,188
It's a world shame.
132
00:06:46,318 --> 00:06:50,497
The world bears
responsibility for it.
133
00:06:50,627 --> 00:06:51,865
You have to come
to terms with it.
134
00:06:51,889 --> 00:06:53,761
You have to confront it.
135
00:06:53,891 --> 00:06:55,632
[CREW MEMBER]
One mile away from target.
136
00:06:55,763 --> 00:07:03,763
♪
137
00:07:05,729 --> 00:07:09,994
AFUA: "35F" would have come
to a fort like this one.
138
00:07:10,125 --> 00:07:13,737
More than 30 of them dotted
the coast of West Africa.
139
00:07:13,868 --> 00:07:17,045
They were used
as trading posts and dungeons,
140
00:07:17,175 --> 00:07:19,874
where Africans were
collected and processed
141
00:07:20,004 --> 00:07:22,746
before being
loaded onto slave ships.
142
00:07:22,877 --> 00:07:30,877
♪
143
00:07:31,102 --> 00:07:33,540
The Portuguese came first,
but after that,
144
00:07:33,670 --> 00:07:34,976
almost every European power
145
00:07:35,106 --> 00:07:36,780
tried to get their hands
on Elmina at one point,
146
00:07:36,804 --> 00:07:37,108
because it was
a strategic location.
147
00:07:37,239 --> 00:07:39,197
Right.
148
00:07:39,328 --> 00:07:43,332
By the 1700s, the slave trade
was the main business going on.
149
00:07:43,463 --> 00:07:50,731
♪
150
00:07:50,861 --> 00:07:53,081
So one of the things that
most strikes me, Sam,
151
00:07:53,211 --> 00:07:53,821
about coming in here,
is that building.
152
00:07:53,951 --> 00:07:56,214
This part right here.
153
00:07:56,345 --> 00:07:57,745
Yeah. This square bit
in the middle.
154
00:07:57,825 --> 00:08:00,131
- Okay.
- That is a church.
155
00:08:00,262 --> 00:08:05,920
As this castle became a primary
site for slave traders...
156
00:08:06,050 --> 00:08:07,854
Is this the Protestant church
or the Catholic church?
157
00:08:07,878 --> 00:08:08,986
Well, initially
it was a Catholic church.
158
00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:11,099
- Of course.
- But when the British
159
00:08:11,229 --> 00:08:13,251
took it over, they continued to
use it as a Protestant church.
160
00:08:13,275 --> 00:08:17,322
All of these Europeans thought
that it was compatible
161
00:08:17,453 --> 00:08:20,891
to conduct this absolutely
horrific trade
162
00:08:21,022 --> 00:08:22,980
in the dungeons
of this building.
163
00:08:23,111 --> 00:08:24,784
And at the same time, these
guys were going into church
164
00:08:24,808 --> 00:08:25,417
and saying
their prayers every day.
165
00:08:25,548 --> 00:08:33,548
♪
166
00:08:35,123 --> 00:08:38,039
One of the things that
I think is most upsetting
167
00:08:38,169 --> 00:08:40,128
is the kind of sexual abuse
that happened here.
168
00:08:40,258 --> 00:08:42,783
So in the governor's bedroom,
there's a trap door
169
00:08:42,913 --> 00:08:45,960
in the floor, and it leads
through some ladders
170
00:08:46,090 --> 00:08:49,441
directly down
into the women's dungeon.
171
00:08:49,572 --> 00:08:56,405
[echoes of women
sobbing faintly]
172
00:08:56,536 --> 00:08:59,364
♪
173
00:08:59,495 --> 00:09:01,802
One of them would
be selected and brought
174
00:09:01,932 --> 00:09:03,543
straight up
to the officer's bedroom.
175
00:09:03,673 --> 00:09:05,259
Washed, because they were kept
in a state of filth down there.
176
00:09:05,283 --> 00:09:07,163
- Yeah, of course.
- And then he would rape her.
177
00:09:07,198 --> 00:09:11,159
And he would just have free
access to these women and girls.
178
00:09:11,289 --> 00:09:14,597
I'm sure there were little boys
who were subjected to the same.
179
00:09:14,728 --> 00:09:15,946
Yeah.
180
00:09:16,077 --> 00:09:17,992
♪
181
00:09:18,122 --> 00:09:21,909
So it's a bit complicated
for me when I come here.
182
00:09:22,039 --> 00:09:26,914
I have Ghanaian family,
and I don't know if anyone
183
00:09:27,044 --> 00:09:30,091
who's related to me was actually
trafficked in slavery,
184
00:09:30,221 --> 00:09:35,009
but I do know that my sixth
great-grandfather lived here,
185
00:09:35,139 --> 00:09:38,708
not as an enslaved person,
but as a slave trader.
186
00:09:38,839 --> 00:09:40,188
He was Dutch.
187
00:09:40,318 --> 00:09:41,905
He worked for
the Dutch West India Company...
188
00:09:41,929 --> 00:09:44,845
- He came here to trade.
- Hmm.
189
00:09:44,975 --> 00:09:46,735
...reading not very deeply
between the lines.
190
00:09:46,760 --> 00:09:47,848
Mm-hmm.
191
00:09:47,978 --> 00:09:49,298
He would have been
trading slaves.
192
00:09:49,327 --> 00:09:51,131
And he had a child,
as so many of the European men
193
00:09:51,155 --> 00:09:53,288
who came here did,
with a local woman.
194
00:09:53,418 --> 00:09:55,396
I don't know the circumstances
of their relationship.
195
00:09:55,420 --> 00:09:57,137
Could it have been consensual?
It's hard to imagine.
196
00:09:57,161 --> 00:09:57,988
Doubt it.
197
00:09:58,119 --> 00:09:59,816
I don't know anything about her.
198
00:09:59,947 --> 00:10:02,906
So you got skin in the game.
199
00:10:03,037 --> 00:10:04,908
- I've got skin in the game.
- Ahh...
200
00:10:05,039 --> 00:10:06,823
This place really
means something to me.
201
00:10:06,954 --> 00:10:09,870
♪
202
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:11,872
[echoes of screaming
and indistinct shouting]
203
00:10:12,002 --> 00:10:15,136
As it pulled into port,
perhaps to Elmina,
204
00:10:15,266 --> 00:10:19,270
"35F" was carrying
thousands of manillas,
205
00:10:19,401 --> 00:10:23,100
a currency invented by Europeans
to trade in Africa
206
00:10:23,231 --> 00:10:27,844
for people,
gold, and elephant tusks.
207
00:10:27,975 --> 00:10:31,065
♪
208
00:10:31,195 --> 00:10:33,154
Once they finished
their business,
209
00:10:33,284 --> 00:10:37,245
they set sail
for Caribbean slave markets.
210
00:10:37,375 --> 00:10:40,988
To protect its
valuable cargo from pirates,
211
00:10:41,118 --> 00:10:44,034
the ship was heavily armed
with dozens of cannons.
212
00:10:44,165 --> 00:10:46,863
[rattling]
213
00:10:46,994 --> 00:10:52,086
♪
214
00:10:52,216 --> 00:10:53,803
After five hours,
we're finally approaching
215
00:10:53,827 --> 00:10:55,045
shipwreck site "35F."
216
00:10:55,176 --> 00:11:00,137
♪
217
00:11:00,268 --> 00:11:03,010
For the initial survey,
we're deploying the ROV.
218
00:11:03,140 --> 00:11:06,753
♪
219
00:11:06,883 --> 00:11:08,058
[MAN] We're over the target.
220
00:11:08,189 --> 00:11:10,060
Ready to bring down the ROV.
221
00:11:10,191 --> 00:11:12,759
Yeah. Copy that. Over and 10.
222
00:11:12,889 --> 00:11:16,240
[whirring]
223
00:11:16,371 --> 00:11:19,026
It's like a remote-controlled
submarine,
224
00:11:19,156 --> 00:11:22,203
equipped with cameras,
sonar, and various sensors
225
00:11:22,333 --> 00:11:25,075
which allow the crew
to see what's at the seabed.
226
00:11:25,206 --> 00:11:31,299
♪
227
00:11:31,429 --> 00:11:33,867
Okay. Ready for dive in.
228
00:11:33,997 --> 00:11:36,217
[sonar whirring]
229
00:11:36,347 --> 00:11:40,221
The live images are fed to us
in the ROV control room.
230
00:11:40,351 --> 00:11:42,832
Hopefully, there are still
remains of the shipwreck,
231
00:11:42,963 --> 00:11:44,027
and we'll find
something down there.
232
00:11:44,051 --> 00:11:45,617
♪
233
00:11:45,748 --> 00:11:47,228
[whirring]
234
00:11:47,358 --> 00:11:50,013
We'll be down in about
five minutes to the seabed.
235
00:11:50,144 --> 00:11:51,972
5 minutes to go 330 feet.
236
00:11:52,102 --> 00:11:53,887
Yeah, it's a bit quicker
than a dive, eh?
237
00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:00,894
Okay. So we're 106 meters now.
Should be close to the seabed.
238
00:12:01,024 --> 00:12:03,026
I'm just going
to slow my descent.
239
00:12:03,157 --> 00:12:05,812
[speaking all at once]
240
00:12:05,942 --> 00:12:09,076
- Wow, look at that.
- The seabed
241
00:12:09,206 --> 00:12:11,252
at 108 and 1/2 meters.
242
00:12:11,382 --> 00:12:15,473
The seabed is over
360 feet below the surface,
243
00:12:15,604 --> 00:12:17,040
and right now,
there's absolutely
244
00:12:17,171 --> 00:12:19,216
no sign of any wreckage.
245
00:12:19,347 --> 00:12:23,438
Could possibly all
be gone, either from, um...
246
00:12:23,568 --> 00:12:28,182
fishing, or it could possibly
be covered up by sediment.
247
00:12:28,312 --> 00:12:30,401
Good timing. They're coming up
on the sonar here.
248
00:12:30,532 --> 00:12:32,099
Okay.
249
00:12:32,229 --> 00:12:33,467
What is this?
Like, I see some kind of...
250
00:12:33,491 --> 00:12:35,972
looks like debris
or wreck in the sonar, right?
251
00:12:36,103 --> 00:12:38,192
Yeah. All these bright
sections here...
252
00:12:38,322 --> 00:12:40,237
- Yeah.
- ...is stuff elevated
253
00:12:40,368 --> 00:12:41,412
off the seabed.
254
00:12:41,543 --> 00:12:43,893
Let's head a bit west.
255
00:12:44,024 --> 00:12:49,072
♪
256
00:12:49,203 --> 00:12:52,162
We search the ocean bed
for hours and nothing.
257
00:12:52,293 --> 00:12:54,034
♪
258
00:12:54,164 --> 00:12:55,992
And then suddenly,
something came up.
259
00:12:56,123 --> 00:12:59,213
♪
260
00:12:59,343 --> 00:13:01,191
Okay. We've got something hot
coming up on the sonar
261
00:13:01,215 --> 00:13:03,043
just ahead, to the right.
262
00:13:03,173 --> 00:13:03,783
Wait, that...
that right there. Right there!
263
00:13:03,913 --> 00:13:05,088
Oh, yeah, right.
264
00:13:05,219 --> 00:13:06,718
Just to the bottom
of the right screen.
265
00:13:06,742 --> 00:13:09,092
Okay. I'm gonna move into that
and have a closer look.
266
00:13:09,223 --> 00:13:12,922
This... looks like
it could be metallic.
267
00:13:13,053 --> 00:13:14,054
♪
268
00:13:14,184 --> 00:13:16,665
- Mallory, what is that?
- It's a cannon.
269
00:13:16,796 --> 00:13:24,796
♪
270
00:13:25,282 --> 00:13:27,894
Sasha, can you please
put a waypoint down?
271
00:13:28,024 --> 00:13:30,026
We've just located a cannon.
272
00:13:30,157 --> 00:13:31,723
Waypoint placed.
273
00:13:31,854 --> 00:13:32,899
Thank you.
274
00:13:33,029 --> 00:13:34,988
It's the back end of the cannon.
275
00:13:35,118 --> 00:13:37,207
- Oh, okay.
- It's the cascabel.
276
00:13:37,338 --> 00:13:39,209
- You can really see that shape.
- Oh, wow.
277
00:13:39,340 --> 00:13:40,558
- That's incredible.
- Wow.
278
00:13:40,689 --> 00:13:42,089
Let's see what else
is around there.
279
00:13:42,125 --> 00:13:43,518
This is very good.
280
00:13:43,648 --> 00:13:45,539
Okay. I'm going to move on
now to the next target.
281
00:13:45,563 --> 00:13:47,043
Let's pull back in.
282
00:13:47,174 --> 00:13:48,412
We've got a lot of
targets to look at.
283
00:13:48,436 --> 00:13:50,394
Wait, wait, wait, slow down.
What's this?
284
00:13:50,525 --> 00:13:52,875
- It's bone.
- That's something.
285
00:13:53,006 --> 00:13:55,095
Hang on.
Let me just move closer.
286
00:13:55,225 --> 00:13:57,010
I think it's coming now.
That's a tusk.
287
00:13:57,140 --> 00:13:57,575
- What?
- Oh, my gosh. [laughs]
288
00:13:57,706 --> 00:13:59,360
Look at that.
289
00:13:59,490 --> 00:14:02,015
Sasha, can you please take
a fix? We found a tusk.
290
00:14:02,145 --> 00:14:06,106
♪
291
00:14:06,236 --> 00:14:08,412
Oh, my gosh.
That's so incredible.
292
00:14:08,543 --> 00:14:09,943
It's been exposed
for quite a while.
293
00:14:10,066 --> 00:14:11,285
You see all the growth on it?
294
00:14:11,415 --> 00:14:12,895
These items have been
on the sea floor
295
00:14:13,026 --> 00:14:15,680
for, you know, 300, 400 years.
296
00:14:15,811 --> 00:14:17,267
People don't realize
that these merchants
297
00:14:17,291 --> 00:14:21,295
were trafficking
in Africans and ivory.
298
00:14:21,425 --> 00:14:22,600
Yeah.
299
00:14:22,731 --> 00:14:23,795
So... so finding
something like this...
300
00:14:23,819 --> 00:14:25,212
So what's the plan now?
301
00:14:25,342 --> 00:14:28,041
Well, I think that we now need
to discuss diving operations.
302
00:14:28,171 --> 00:14:29,477
This is what
we want to bring up.
303
00:14:29,607 --> 00:14:31,368
Yes, I think this would be
important to bring up.
304
00:14:31,392 --> 00:14:34,395
[whirring]
305
00:14:34,525 --> 00:14:37,224
Unfortunately, retrieving
the tusk is not so simple.
306
00:14:37,354 --> 00:14:40,880
Maritime law forbids mechanical
devices from touching artifacts
307
00:14:41,010 --> 00:14:43,230
on the ocean floor.
308
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,973
If we want the tusk, we've
got to go down and get it.
309
00:14:47,103 --> 00:14:49,149
[whirring]
310
00:14:49,279 --> 00:14:51,978
But diving this deep
can be very dangerous.
311
00:14:52,108 --> 00:14:55,546
[whirring]
312
00:14:55,677 --> 00:14:58,375
We're talking about 108 meters.
I mean, none of us here...
313
00:14:58,506 --> 00:15:00,160
even Kramer, who's a tech diver,
314
00:15:00,290 --> 00:15:00,900
that... that's beyond
his limits, you know?
315
00:15:01,030 --> 00:15:03,380
That's risky business.
316
00:15:03,511 --> 00:15:05,382
Well, the first question is,
should we do it?
317
00:15:05,513 --> 00:15:07,384
Bringing this tusk up is...
318
00:15:07,515 --> 00:15:10,213
is going to be raising
the voices of people
319
00:15:10,344 --> 00:15:11,911
who didn't have a voice.
320
00:15:12,041 --> 00:15:15,349
That tusk was worth maybe even
hundreds of lives of slaves.
321
00:15:15,479 --> 00:15:17,742
It's giving people
like you and like me
322
00:15:17,873 --> 00:15:20,267
an artifact to attach to.
323
00:15:20,397 --> 00:15:24,532
That tusk is a symbol
of the pillaging of Africa.
324
00:15:24,662 --> 00:15:27,274
And I think that speaks
really, really strongly.
325
00:15:27,404 --> 00:15:29,078
It can help a lot of
people identify with that.
326
00:15:29,102 --> 00:15:30,538
Absolutely, you should do it.
327
00:15:30,668 --> 00:15:35,412
But how... how do we do this
in the safest way possible?
328
00:15:35,543 --> 00:15:37,623
It is deep, but there
is a way we can dive it safely,
329
00:15:37,675 --> 00:15:39,547
using rebreathers
and mixed gases.
330
00:15:39,677 --> 00:15:42,419
Everything needs
to be aligned perfectly.
331
00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:44,334
We need great conditions,
good dive planning,
332
00:15:44,465 --> 00:15:46,510
and a great support team.
333
00:15:46,641 --> 00:15:50,210
Well, our options are either
tell the story or walk away.
334
00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:52,429
And unless we bring
something up, really,
335
00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:55,302
we're only telling
a portion of the story.
336
00:15:55,432 --> 00:15:58,305
So from what I'm hearing,
I guess we're going for it.
337
00:15:58,435 --> 00:16:00,220
- I think we should.
- I think we can do it.
338
00:16:00,350 --> 00:16:03,440
♪
339
00:16:03,571 --> 00:16:06,313
We return to shore to gear up
for this complicated dive.
340
00:16:06,443 --> 00:16:09,142
♪
341
00:16:09,272 --> 00:16:13,189
As wreck site "35F"
slowly decays
342
00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:15,409
and will eventually vanish,
343
00:16:15,539 --> 00:16:18,325
the preservation of
this crucial bit of history
344
00:16:18,455 --> 00:16:21,197
now relies on our success.
345
00:16:21,328 --> 00:16:28,552
♪
346
00:16:28,683 --> 00:16:30,641
Just off these small islands,
347
00:16:30,772 --> 00:16:34,515
only a few hours' sail
from where "35F" foundered,
348
00:16:34,645 --> 00:16:38,475
relics from the heart of the
slave trade were discovered.
349
00:16:38,606 --> 00:16:39,757
The items were salvaged
from the wreck
350
00:16:39,781 --> 00:16:43,741
of a British slave ship
called the "Duoro."
351
00:16:43,872 --> 00:16:47,397
They're key to understanding
the transatlantic slave trade.
352
00:16:47,528 --> 00:16:49,704
And for the last few decades,
353
00:16:49,834 --> 00:16:53,229
they've been stored
in a local diver's garage.
354
00:16:53,360 --> 00:16:54,839
Did you discover the "Duoro"?
355
00:16:54,970 --> 00:17:00,758
Yes. We discovered
the "Duoro" back in 1972.
356
00:17:00,889 --> 00:17:03,196
And, uh, everything
is kept in here.
357
00:17:03,326 --> 00:17:06,373
We've got 30 years
of diving work.
358
00:17:06,503 --> 00:17:08,766
♪
359
00:17:08,897 --> 00:17:10,464
All this stuff
is from the "Duoro"?
360
00:17:10,594 --> 00:17:14,163
All this stuff
is from the "Duoro," yes.
361
00:17:14,294 --> 00:17:16,339
We've found piles
and piles of these,
362
00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:18,254
which we just didn't
know what they were.
363
00:17:18,385 --> 00:17:19,429
And what are they?
364
00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:21,605
Well, later on we discovered
365
00:17:21,736 --> 00:17:25,305
they were manillas,
which are slave tokens,
366
00:17:25,435 --> 00:17:28,308
and each one of those
was worth one slave each.
367
00:17:28,438 --> 00:17:30,353
Let me get this straight.
This is currency.
368
00:17:30,484 --> 00:17:31,528
Currency.
369
00:17:31,659 --> 00:17:34,009
And this fake currency,
really...
370
00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:35,576
Yes.
371
00:17:35,706 --> 00:17:37,066
...was created to be used
in Africa
372
00:17:37,186 --> 00:17:38,796
to buy a human being.
373
00:17:38,927 --> 00:17:41,321
One human being.
374
00:17:41,451 --> 00:17:44,454
Yes, it's quite humbling,
isn't it,
375
00:17:44,585 --> 00:17:45,629
thinking about it, really?
376
00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:48,328
Well, I just got
goosebumps, really.
377
00:17:48,458 --> 00:17:49,653
- A shudder went through me.
- I'm sure.
378
00:17:49,677 --> 00:17:52,158
That's how things
were in those days, of course,
379
00:17:52,288 --> 00:17:54,551
and they made them
in Birmingham,
380
00:17:54,682 --> 00:17:56,466
shipped them out
to the west coast of Africa,
381
00:17:56,597 --> 00:17:58,512
filled the ship full of slaves,
382
00:17:58,642 --> 00:18:00,383
and took them
over to the West Indies.
383
00:18:00,514 --> 00:18:04,561
We probably lifted
2 or 3 ton of them.
384
00:18:04,692 --> 00:18:06,346
Thousands. Piles of these?
385
00:18:06,476 --> 00:18:09,175
Piles. I mean,
they were 4-foot-high,
386
00:18:09,305 --> 00:18:11,220
probably as big as this shed.
387
00:18:11,351 --> 00:18:14,136
Apart from these,
that are worth one slave,
388
00:18:14,267 --> 00:18:16,573
these were worth seven.
389
00:18:16,704 --> 00:18:19,576
- That's called an aggry.
- Blue glass beads.
390
00:18:19,707 --> 00:18:22,318
We never did find out
what these were worth.
391
00:18:22,449 --> 00:18:25,365
Obviously worth more.
Maybe 15 people.
392
00:18:25,495 --> 00:18:26,777
- 15 human beings.
- Possibly, possibly.
393
00:18:26,801 --> 00:18:30,848
I've seen a manilla
as big as that.
394
00:18:30,979 --> 00:18:33,460
And they were called
king manillas,
395
00:18:33,590 --> 00:18:37,464
and they were worth
a hundred slaves each.
396
00:18:37,594 --> 00:18:39,572
I guess in a sense it
shouldn't surprise us because
397
00:18:39,596 --> 00:18:41,381
literally millions
of people were trafficked.
398
00:18:41,511 --> 00:18:42,860
Yes.
399
00:18:42,991 --> 00:18:47,343
But we... but I never knew
what they were trafficked for.
400
00:18:47,474 --> 00:18:50,172
I notice something here...
This spoon.
401
00:18:50,303 --> 00:18:52,609
[clatter]
402
00:18:52,740 --> 00:18:55,438
And this spoon...
403
00:18:55,569 --> 00:18:59,225
It brings to life
the people who... the crew.
404
00:18:59,355 --> 00:19:00,530
Mm-hmm.
405
00:19:00,661 --> 00:19:02,445
The people who weren't below.
406
00:19:02,576 --> 00:19:05,535
Life of the traders,
not the life of the traded.
407
00:19:05,666 --> 00:19:07,581
That's right. That's right.
408
00:19:07,711 --> 00:19:09,583
What's that?
409
00:19:09,713 --> 00:19:12,238
- That's an old pocket watch...
- No.
410
00:19:12,368 --> 00:19:13,476
...or what's left
of a pocket watch.
411
00:19:13,500 --> 00:19:16,416
♪
412
00:19:16,546 --> 00:19:18,592
I didn't show you this.
There's a razor in there.
413
00:19:18,722 --> 00:19:21,377
Oh, wow.
414
00:19:21,508 --> 00:19:24,467
Yeah. Who would last use that?
415
00:19:24,598 --> 00:19:28,384
This looks like a fork.
It's a silver fork.
416
00:19:28,515 --> 00:19:30,473
Yes, so it would've belonged
417
00:19:30,604 --> 00:19:33,476
to a high-ranking officer
or the captain
418
00:19:33,607 --> 00:19:36,392
because no one else
would have silver.
419
00:19:36,523 --> 00:19:39,003
♪
420
00:19:39,134 --> 00:19:41,310
It just suddenly
occurred to me just looking
421
00:19:41,441 --> 00:19:43,399
at these artifacts,
that by themselves,
422
00:19:43,530 --> 00:19:46,533
you know, it's a spoon,
it's a razor,
423
00:19:46,663 --> 00:19:50,319
but really what we have here
is a set of two lives.
424
00:19:50,450 --> 00:19:53,496
One is worth nothing.
It's worth this.
425
00:19:53,627 --> 00:19:54,802
And the others they have,
426
00:19:54,932 --> 00:19:56,499
you know,
he's got a pocket watch,
427
00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:58,632
he's got a silver fork,
he's got a pipe.
428
00:19:58,762 --> 00:19:59,762
Yeah.
429
00:19:59,850 --> 00:20:02,418
While the people below are...
430
00:20:02,549 --> 00:20:03,854
- Are dying.
- ...are dying.
431
00:20:03,985 --> 00:20:06,422
They're just squashed in
down below as cargo.
432
00:20:06,553 --> 00:20:07,902
- They're car... Cargo.
433
00:20:08,032 --> 00:20:08,598
- ...cargo.
- Yeah.
434
00:20:08,729 --> 00:20:16,729
♪
435
00:20:18,652 --> 00:20:24,440
Sailboats had existed
for thousands of years
436
00:20:24,571 --> 00:20:26,137
before the transatlantic
slave trade.
437
00:20:26,268 --> 00:20:29,837
But one key technological
development in the 15th century
438
00:20:29,967 --> 00:20:32,970
made it possible to turn
the looting of Africa
439
00:20:33,101 --> 00:20:35,495
into a business.
440
00:20:35,625 --> 00:20:38,411
Sailing ships of that era
are so beautiful.
441
00:20:38,541 --> 00:20:39,803
It's sort of hard to imagine.
442
00:20:39,934 --> 00:20:41,805
You could go to all the way
to West Africa,
443
00:20:41,936 --> 00:20:43,633
you could go to Brazil in this.
444
00:20:43,764 --> 00:20:46,157
It's a whole little
wooden world.
445
00:20:46,288 --> 00:20:54,288
♪
446
00:20:56,951 --> 00:21:00,607
How did these sails
transform the business
447
00:21:00,737 --> 00:21:02,522
of the slave trade?
448
00:21:02,652 --> 00:21:03,890
Well, you'll see that
the sails are kind of set
449
00:21:03,914 --> 00:21:06,439
at an angle, and that's
the innovation that we see
450
00:21:06,569 --> 00:21:08,876
coming about
in the 15th century.
451
00:21:09,006 --> 00:21:12,575
Because before that, sails were
set flat, and you had to wait
452
00:21:12,706 --> 00:21:14,708
for a wind to push the ship
from behind,
453
00:21:14,838 --> 00:21:17,841
but if you didn't get that wind,
you couldn't go anywhere.
454
00:21:17,972 --> 00:21:19,689
Whereas with the angle, that
meant they could catch the wind
455
00:21:19,713 --> 00:21:20,757
from many directions.
456
00:21:20,888 --> 00:21:22,542
They could basically
sail into the wind.
457
00:21:22,672 --> 00:21:25,371
So the triangular sails
made it all possible?
458
00:21:25,501 --> 00:21:27,721
Yes, this changes the duration.
459
00:21:27,851 --> 00:21:30,419
It changes how far you could
go out into the ocean.
460
00:21:30,550 --> 00:21:32,508
It really was
an absolute game-changer.
461
00:21:32,639 --> 00:21:35,206
And you think of
pioneering technology as
462
00:21:35,337 --> 00:21:38,122
a positive thing, but it's just
heartbreaking that Europeans
463
00:21:38,253 --> 00:21:41,387
saw this as an opportunity
to really embark
464
00:21:41,517 --> 00:21:43,302
on their most evil project.
465
00:21:43,432 --> 00:21:44,781
It really was.
466
00:21:44,912 --> 00:21:46,827
You know, if these sails
hadn't been developed,
467
00:21:46,957 --> 00:21:49,612
Europeans would never had
been able to go southwards
468
00:21:49,743 --> 00:21:51,832
and along
the western coast of Africa
469
00:21:51,962 --> 00:21:56,750
to begin taking Africans
as enslaved captives.
470
00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:59,448
What were conditions
actually like for the captives
471
00:21:59,579 --> 00:22:01,581
who then got caught up
in that trade?
472
00:22:01,711 --> 00:22:02,775
I think we should
go down where the captives
473
00:22:02,799 --> 00:22:04,105
would've been held.
474
00:22:04,235 --> 00:22:06,194
And it's very, very steep.
Be careful.
475
00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:12,635
♪
476
00:22:12,766 --> 00:22:15,203
So this is the hold.
477
00:22:15,334 --> 00:22:18,380
And it's really oppressive
down here, just the atmosphere
478
00:22:18,511 --> 00:22:19,729
and the lack of space.
479
00:22:19,860 --> 00:22:21,688
And the smell... it's so musty.
480
00:22:21,818 --> 00:22:23,951
You can see there's not really
any ventilation.
481
00:22:24,081 --> 00:22:27,694
It would've been utterly
terrifying and miserable.
482
00:22:27,824 --> 00:22:29,784
The first thing you have
to imagine is the stench.
483
00:22:29,870 --> 00:22:32,002
♪
484
00:22:32,133 --> 00:22:36,616
Hundreds of people all
crammed together very tightly,
485
00:22:36,746 --> 00:22:38,966
in some cases,
having to urinate and defecate
486
00:22:39,096 --> 00:22:40,837
where they're lying.
487
00:22:40,968 --> 00:22:43,840
You would hear them crying,
screaming, moaning,
488
00:22:43,971 --> 00:22:48,018
begging for death, calling
upon their gods to save them.
489
00:22:48,149 --> 00:22:49,846
[crying]
490
00:22:49,977 --> 00:22:54,634
There were actually diagrams
issued which showed
491
00:22:54,764 --> 00:22:57,376
the most effective way to pack
the largest number of captives
492
00:22:57,506 --> 00:22:59,813
into a given space.
493
00:22:59,943 --> 00:23:02,946
And there's not an inch
between one person and the next.
494
00:23:03,077 --> 00:23:07,995
[echoes of coughing and moaning]
495
00:23:08,125 --> 00:23:11,694
Some captains did what they
called loose packing.
496
00:23:11,825 --> 00:23:14,131
This was not based
on humanitarian reasons,
497
00:23:14,262 --> 00:23:18,179
but simply the idea that if they
were not so crammed together,
498
00:23:18,309 --> 00:23:21,095
they would be less likely
to become ill.
499
00:23:21,225 --> 00:23:25,665
Actual time and thought
was put into how to design
500
00:23:25,795 --> 00:23:27,971
this kind of
inhumane arrangement.
501
00:23:28,102 --> 00:23:29,514
Yes, this was the era
of the enlightenment.
502
00:23:29,538 --> 00:23:31,105
This is scientific.
503
00:23:31,235 --> 00:23:34,238
Were captives down here
ever allowed up there on deck?
504
00:23:34,369 --> 00:23:36,850
There was a concern that
their health would suffer
505
00:23:36,980 --> 00:23:38,915
if they were not allowed
to get up and move around,
506
00:23:38,939 --> 00:23:40,680
so they would go up on deck,
507
00:23:40,810 --> 00:23:43,639
and the captives
would be commanded to dance.
508
00:23:43,770 --> 00:23:45,554
If their muscles wasted away,
509
00:23:45,685 --> 00:23:47,817
if they were
emaciated and withered,
510
00:23:47,948 --> 00:23:49,819
they would not sell well.
511
00:23:49,950 --> 00:23:51,691
[shouting indistinctly]
512
00:23:51,821 --> 00:23:54,041
It was so carefully
thought through.
513
00:23:54,171 --> 00:23:56,652
Economic values were
thought through carefully,
514
00:23:56,783 --> 00:23:58,045
the design of the slave ships,
515
00:23:58,175 --> 00:24:00,917
the most efficient way
to put people in here...
516
00:24:01,048 --> 00:24:03,485
I mean, this was a very
rational kind of a trade.
517
00:24:03,616 --> 00:24:05,922
It's absolutely sinister.
518
00:24:06,053 --> 00:24:08,751
[waves crashing]
519
00:24:14,235 --> 00:24:16,933
We've gathered special
equipment for the deep diving,
520
00:24:17,064 --> 00:24:20,241
and we're heading back
out to F35's wreck site.
521
00:24:21,808 --> 00:24:24,811
♪
522
00:24:24,941 --> 00:24:26,290
At this time of year,
523
00:24:26,421 --> 00:24:29,337
the best diving conditions
are early in the morning.
524
00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:31,731
♪
525
00:24:31,861 --> 00:24:33,994
Our research ship
is already halfway there.
526
00:24:34,124 --> 00:24:37,954
The crew will send down the ROV
to relocate the wreck site
527
00:24:38,085 --> 00:24:39,715
and assist us in retrieving
the elephant tusk.
528
00:24:39,739 --> 00:24:42,916
♪
529
00:24:43,046 --> 00:24:45,353
We're on the speedboat
not far behind.
530
00:24:45,484 --> 00:24:50,967
♪
531
00:24:51,098 --> 00:24:53,579
Conditions
are definitely not, uh, optimal.
532
00:24:53,709 --> 00:24:54,884
Today the sea is very choppy.
533
00:24:55,015 --> 00:25:01,848
♪
534
00:25:01,978 --> 00:25:03,913
ROB: I'm just tying these
down a little bit better
535
00:25:03,937 --> 00:25:04,937
so they won't go flying.
536
00:25:05,025 --> 00:25:07,114
Phil Short and Rich Stevenson,
537
00:25:07,244 --> 00:25:08,918
our two tech divers, who are
going to be going down
538
00:25:08,942 --> 00:25:10,944
in excess of 300 feet...
539
00:25:11,074 --> 00:25:13,139
They are two of the best
in the world at what they do,
540
00:25:13,163 --> 00:25:15,165
and what they do
is very dangerous.
541
00:25:15,296 --> 00:25:17,864
They have multiple
backup systems in place,
542
00:25:17,994 --> 00:25:19,363
because if anything
goes wrong down there,
543
00:25:19,387 --> 00:25:21,868
that's... it's... it.
That's... That's it.
544
00:25:21,998 --> 00:25:24,131
♪
545
00:25:24,261 --> 00:25:26,960
To do it safely,
to decompress your body,
546
00:25:27,090 --> 00:25:30,790
their bottom time is 20 minutes,
and then on the way up,
547
00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:33,967
every 10 feet,
they have to stop for a minute,
548
00:25:34,097 --> 00:25:37,100
and then they have to hang
for an hour at 20 feet.
549
00:25:37,231 --> 00:25:40,669
Three hours of ascent
from that depth.
550
00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:43,585
It feels like
the middle of nowhere.
551
00:25:43,716 --> 00:25:45,195
I can barely see the land.
552
00:25:45,326 --> 00:25:47,981
I'm just waiting for a big wave
to come right over me.
553
00:25:48,111 --> 00:25:51,767
Looks like the weather's
getting worse as we push in.
554
00:25:51,898 --> 00:25:54,030
♪
555
00:25:54,161 --> 00:25:56,729
But we're gonna try
to keep going forward.
556
00:25:56,859 --> 00:25:58,731
- Working on again a bit.
- Yeah.
557
00:25:58,861 --> 00:26:00,689
- Okay, much better.
- Whoo-hoo!
558
00:26:00,820 --> 00:26:03,170
♪
559
00:26:03,300 --> 00:26:06,042
[CAPTAIN] Hold on, everybody.
Big wave.
560
00:26:06,173 --> 00:26:13,180
[waves crashing]
561
00:26:13,310 --> 00:26:14,790
[MAN] Speedboat,
this is Severn Sea.
562
00:26:14,921 --> 00:26:16,879
We're at the shipwreck site.
563
00:26:17,010 --> 00:26:19,055
Conditions are
pretty bad out here.
564
00:26:19,186 --> 00:26:21,797
We're being pounded by waves
from three directions.
565
00:26:21,928 --> 00:26:22,668
Please stand by
for a few minutes
566
00:26:22,798 --> 00:26:25,584
while we try to stabilize. Over.
567
00:26:25,714 --> 00:26:27,629
All right, man. Yeah.
568
00:26:27,760 --> 00:26:28,848
We're not halfway yet.
569
00:26:28,978 --> 00:26:31,198
I know, I know.
570
00:26:31,328 --> 00:26:33,176
Got a call from the Severn Sea
that they're going
571
00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:35,681
in circles right now,
just to stabilize,
572
00:26:35,811 --> 00:26:36,682
because if they
stay in one place,
573
00:26:36,812 --> 00:26:38,684
everyone's gonna be puking.
574
00:26:38,814 --> 00:26:40,947
So they can't drop the ROV in.
575
00:26:41,077 --> 00:26:43,906
So on that grounds,
we're going to can today's dive.
576
00:26:44,037 --> 00:26:47,693
- It's canceled?
- It is. Sorry, man.
577
00:26:50,304 --> 00:26:51,740
You've gotta do
what you gotta do.
578
00:26:51,871 --> 00:26:53,699
Yeah, sorry.
579
00:26:53,829 --> 00:26:55,265
And we're gonna turn around,
580
00:26:55,396 --> 00:26:58,312
which is gonna be miserable,
because now we're gonna
581
00:26:58,442 --> 00:27:01,097
get pounded because we're gonna
be going against the waves.
582
00:27:01,228 --> 00:27:03,273
Gonna come back when
the weather's a bit better.
583
00:27:03,404 --> 00:27:07,060
Maybe the sea stays a bit calmer
and the ROV ship can deploy.
584
00:27:07,190 --> 00:27:09,062
So it's not great news,
I'm afraid,
585
00:27:09,192 --> 00:27:11,847
but we will come back.
We will prevail.
586
00:27:11,978 --> 00:27:14,458
♪
587
00:27:14,589 --> 00:27:20,116
So we head back to port,
this time, empty-handed.
588
00:27:20,247 --> 00:27:23,816
And to make matters worse,
weather reports show
589
00:27:23,946 --> 00:27:26,862
this is only the beginning
of a major storm.
590
00:27:26,993 --> 00:27:31,998
♪
591
00:27:32,128 --> 00:27:35,001
So the clock is ticking,
592
00:27:35,131 --> 00:27:37,051
and our window of opportunity
is getting smaller.
593
00:27:37,133 --> 00:27:39,092
Now we can't do much,
594
00:27:39,222 --> 00:27:40,983
other than hope for
a short break of good weather.
595
00:27:41,007 --> 00:27:49,007
♪
596
00:27:51,495 --> 00:27:54,934
Many Europeans justified
the slave trade by arguing
597
00:27:55,064 --> 00:27:59,025
that Africans aided them
in the enterprise.
598
00:27:59,155 --> 00:28:01,418
I'm here with
Professor Wilhelmina Donkoh
599
00:28:01,549 --> 00:28:02,768
to investigate.
600
00:28:26,617 --> 00:28:28,881
- [laughs]
- I'll come and support you.
601
00:28:29,011 --> 00:28:30,317
[laughs] That's good to know.
602
00:28:30,447 --> 00:28:34,147
[drums continue beating]
603
00:28:34,277 --> 00:28:36,062
[people singing
in native language]
604
00:28:36,192 --> 00:28:39,500
[drums continue beating]
605
00:28:39,630 --> 00:28:43,112
[singing continues]
606
00:28:43,243 --> 00:28:51,243
♪
607
00:28:52,339 --> 00:28:54,820
Can you tell me about
the Ashanti practice
608
00:28:54,950 --> 00:28:57,736
of domestic slavery in Ghana?
609
00:29:37,950 --> 00:29:39,342
So they still had status.
610
00:29:39,473 --> 00:29:41,954
- It was a low status.
- It was a low status.
611
00:29:42,084 --> 00:29:42,737
But they were still
part of the community.
612
00:29:42,868 --> 00:29:44,043
Yes.
613
00:29:44,173 --> 00:29:46,088
How would you describe
the difference
614
00:29:46,219 --> 00:29:50,179
between the culture
of slavery, within Ashanti,
615
00:29:50,310 --> 00:29:53,008
compared to the Europeans?
616
00:30:08,197 --> 00:30:11,461
How could the Ashanti
reconcile selling people
617
00:30:11,592 --> 00:30:16,597
to Europeans who were going
to treat them so much worse?
618
00:30:35,311 --> 00:30:39,489
Has there been any
introspection more recently
619
00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:44,843
about the Ashanti role in
the transatlantic slave trade?
620
00:30:58,334 --> 00:31:02,338
It's become common for
people to blame Africans
621
00:31:02,469 --> 00:31:04,123
and say, "Well, they
sold their own people
622
00:31:04,253 --> 00:31:06,093
and they had slavery
before we arrived anyway."
623
00:31:07,169 --> 00:31:09,868
[rooster crows]
624
00:31:31,585 --> 00:31:36,416
[drums beating]
625
00:31:36,546 --> 00:31:40,420
[seabirds calling]
626
00:31:40,550 --> 00:31:44,076
So after four days of waiting,
627
00:31:44,206 --> 00:31:47,296
finally the weather has calmed
on the English Channel.
628
00:31:47,427 --> 00:31:51,997
We have to take advantage
of this short break.
629
00:31:52,127 --> 00:31:54,303
Today is our final opportunity.
630
00:31:54,434 --> 00:32:02,434
♪
631
00:32:07,447 --> 00:32:09,536
Nature does what she likes,
632
00:32:09,666 --> 00:32:11,506
whether we have something
to accomplish or not.
633
00:32:11,538 --> 00:32:12,907
She's not playing
by our time frame.
634
00:32:12,931 --> 00:32:18,284
♪
635
00:32:18,414 --> 00:32:23,245
Beautiful skies, calm water...
This is pretty much
636
00:32:23,376 --> 00:32:24,527
our last chance
to get down there
637
00:32:24,551 --> 00:32:27,162
and retrieve an artifact
from this wreck.
638
00:32:27,293 --> 00:32:28,816
♪
639
00:32:28,947 --> 00:32:31,514
I never even would have
imagined myself in this place,
640
00:32:31,645 --> 00:32:35,692
with this opportunity to
give a voice to the silenced,
641
00:32:35,823 --> 00:32:38,652
bringing breath, and breathing
new life into people of color
642
00:32:38,782 --> 00:32:44,092
who are currently still living
with questions unanswered.
643
00:32:44,223 --> 00:32:48,183
♪
644
00:32:48,314 --> 00:32:49,793
[MAN] Skin Deep Seeker.
645
00:32:49,924 --> 00:32:52,187
We just received some
information from the Severn Sea,
646
00:32:52,318 --> 00:32:55,321
that conditions are good. Over.
647
00:32:55,451 --> 00:32:56,539
Yeah. That's all copied.
648
00:32:56,670 --> 00:32:59,238
This is it, ma'am.
649
00:32:59,368 --> 00:33:02,154
Really good that Kieran's
with me on this dive.
650
00:33:04,983 --> 00:33:07,855
♪
651
00:33:07,986 --> 00:33:10,771
All three vessels have now
arrived at the shipwreck site,
652
00:33:10,901 --> 00:33:13,034
as the Severn Sea
is preparing to lower
653
00:33:13,165 --> 00:33:15,341
the remotely operated vehicle.
654
00:33:15,471 --> 00:33:18,474
The ROV will help relocate
the shipwreck and help us
655
00:33:18,605 --> 00:33:21,216
in our search
for the sunken elephant tusk.
656
00:33:21,347 --> 00:33:29,347
♪
657
00:33:36,318 --> 00:33:39,191
♪
658
00:33:39,321 --> 00:33:41,497
[screaming
and indistinct shouting]
659
00:33:41,628 --> 00:33:44,674
After "35F" unloaded
most of the Africans
660
00:33:44,805 --> 00:33:48,765
for the auction blocks,
almost certainly the Caribbean,
661
00:33:48,896 --> 00:33:50,376
it sailed home.
662
00:33:50,506 --> 00:33:52,247
♪
663
00:33:52,378 --> 00:33:54,119
On board may have been gold,
664
00:33:54,249 --> 00:33:56,121
bound for the Royal Mint
in London,
665
00:33:56,251 --> 00:33:59,080
sugar,
and a few slaves held back
666
00:33:59,211 --> 00:34:01,387
for the British market.
667
00:34:01,517 --> 00:34:03,432
The ships elephant tusks...
African ivory...
668
00:34:03,563 --> 00:34:05,217
Were worth more than
the human cargo.
669
00:34:05,347 --> 00:34:07,654
♪
670
00:34:07,784 --> 00:34:12,398
It almost made it, but was hit
by one of the many storms
671
00:34:12,528 --> 00:34:15,488
that lash the English Channel.
[thunderclap]
672
00:34:15,618 --> 00:34:19,666
Only 45 miles from shore,
this slaver went down
673
00:34:19,796 --> 00:34:23,017
with everyone on board.
[thunderclap]
674
00:34:23,148 --> 00:34:27,543
[screaming]
675
00:34:27,674 --> 00:34:32,418
[thunderclaps]
676
00:34:32,548 --> 00:34:39,555
♪
677
00:34:39,686 --> 00:34:42,993
[sonar whirring]
678
00:34:43,124 --> 00:34:45,648
All right.
679
00:34:45,779 --> 00:34:48,260
[exhales deeply]
680
00:34:48,390 --> 00:34:52,307
Divers ready.
681
00:34:52,438 --> 00:34:59,662
♪
682
00:34:59,793 --> 00:35:02,578
All right. Both divers go out.
683
00:35:02,709 --> 00:35:09,542
[water rippling]
684
00:35:09,672 --> 00:35:11,935
Richard and Kieran are
connecting to the shot line,
685
00:35:12,066 --> 00:35:14,547
which was dropped by the ROV.
686
00:35:14,677 --> 00:35:18,594
It will be their only guide
to the bottom and back.
687
00:35:18,725 --> 00:35:21,467
Very little sunlight reaches
these depths,
688
00:35:21,597 --> 00:35:23,053
and that makes it
much harder to distinguish
689
00:35:23,077 --> 00:35:26,254
between top and bottom.
690
00:35:26,385 --> 00:35:29,997
So this wire
is also their lifeline.
691
00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:36,569
♪
692
00:35:36,699 --> 00:35:40,225
Skin Deep, Skin Deep.
Severn Sea. Over.
693
00:35:40,355 --> 00:35:42,401
[MAN] Severn Sea, Skin Deep.
694
00:35:42,531 --> 00:35:44,403
Just for your information,
we've launched ROV,
695
00:35:44,533 --> 00:35:46,448
and we're just taking
the clump down now
696
00:35:46,579 --> 00:35:48,015
to position it now.
697
00:35:48,146 --> 00:35:49,906
[MAN] Okay, then, we'll
go and find the shot line
698
00:35:49,930 --> 00:35:51,584
and run down effecting.
699
00:35:51,714 --> 00:35:55,022
[whirring]
700
00:35:55,153 --> 00:35:57,764
♪
701
00:35:57,894 --> 00:36:00,767
As the ROV is being
maneuvered to the wreck site,
702
00:36:00,897 --> 00:36:05,815
directly above it,
Rich and Kieran are descending.
703
00:36:05,946 --> 00:36:09,776
It could take them up to
10 minutes to reach the bottom,
704
00:36:09,906 --> 00:36:13,040
and until then, we will have
no contact with them.
705
00:36:13,171 --> 00:36:16,522
♪
706
00:36:16,652 --> 00:36:19,002
Deep diving is
much a mental state of mind
707
00:36:19,133 --> 00:36:22,571
as it is a physical activity.
708
00:36:22,702 --> 00:36:24,747
We visualize what
we're going to do.
709
00:36:24,878 --> 00:36:28,447
We think about the job in hand.
710
00:36:28,577 --> 00:36:33,843
We try to almost foresee
any potential problems
711
00:36:33,974 --> 00:36:36,542
and just think through what
it is that we've got to do.
712
00:36:36,672 --> 00:36:40,633
♪
713
00:36:40,763 --> 00:36:44,332
The rest of us are all
geared up and standing by.
714
00:36:44,463 --> 00:36:46,552
If an emergency happens,
we'll jump in
715
00:36:46,682 --> 00:36:49,511
to supply Rich and Kieran
with extra air tanks
716
00:36:49,642 --> 00:36:54,473
and help them
in any way necessary.
717
00:36:54,603 --> 00:36:57,389
ROV, that's 50 meters
in order with the clump.
718
00:36:57,519 --> 00:36:59,217
Okay. All stop on the winch.
719
00:36:59,347 --> 00:36:59,782
All stop on the winch.
720
00:36:59,913 --> 00:37:06,441
[whirring]
721
00:37:06,572 --> 00:37:09,618
Okay. ROV is down
and in position.
722
00:37:09,749 --> 00:37:11,881
Now awaiting visual on divers.
723
00:37:12,012 --> 00:37:14,493
On the command bridge,
724
00:37:14,623 --> 00:37:16,538
they're waiting to confirm
the divers' safety.
725
00:37:16,669 --> 00:37:18,584
♪
726
00:37:18,714 --> 00:37:22,631
They have to see both of
them on the ROV's video feed.
727
00:37:22,762 --> 00:37:24,764
♪
728
00:37:24,894 --> 00:37:27,462
[beeping]
729
00:37:27,593 --> 00:37:28,681
Visuals on the diver now.
730
00:37:28,811 --> 00:37:31,292
[beeping]
731
00:37:31,423 --> 00:37:33,599
I'm seeing one diver.
732
00:37:33,729 --> 00:37:36,428
Still awaiting for
a visual on Richard.
733
00:37:36,558 --> 00:37:41,433
♪
734
00:37:41,563 --> 00:37:43,478
Kieran has made it
to the bottom,
735
00:37:43,609 --> 00:37:45,698
but Richard is yet to be seen.
736
00:37:45,828 --> 00:37:47,830
[beeping]
737
00:37:47,961 --> 00:37:51,399
[water rippling]
738
00:37:51,530 --> 00:37:54,533
♪
739
00:37:54,663 --> 00:37:56,535
Okay. There he is, back there.
740
00:37:56,665 --> 00:37:58,711
All right,
we can relax a bit now.
741
00:37:58,841 --> 00:38:00,669
Thank you.
742
00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:02,802
After seven minutes of descent,
743
00:38:02,932 --> 00:38:06,980
Rich and Kieran are
reunited at the seabed.
744
00:38:07,110 --> 00:38:11,637
The ROV has led them right
on a pile of rusting cannons.
745
00:38:11,767 --> 00:38:19,767
♪
746
00:38:22,865 --> 00:38:27,740
They find something that
looks like a slab of wood.
747
00:38:27,870 --> 00:38:29,761
Likely one of the final
remains of the ship's hull.
748
00:38:29,785 --> 00:38:32,614
♪
749
00:38:32,745 --> 00:38:34,964
The Severn Sea is
repositioned where the ROV
750
00:38:35,095 --> 00:38:37,706
had revealed the tusk.
751
00:38:37,837 --> 00:38:39,404
♪
752
00:38:39,534 --> 00:38:41,797
The crew lower down a basket.
753
00:38:41,928 --> 00:38:44,626
Hopefully it will come close
enough for the deep divers
754
00:38:44,757 --> 00:38:46,715
to secure the ivory.
755
00:38:46,846 --> 00:38:49,588
♪
756
00:38:49,718 --> 00:38:52,721
Rich and Kieran are
searching in a small area.
757
00:38:52,852 --> 00:38:57,857
But it's pitch black all around.
758
00:38:57,987 --> 00:39:00,729
They now have only five
minutes to locate the tusk
759
00:39:00,860 --> 00:39:02,688
before they have to ascend.
760
00:39:02,818 --> 00:39:10,818
♪
761
00:39:11,827 --> 00:39:14,090
Modern racism didn't begin
762
00:39:14,221 --> 00:39:16,223
with the transatlantic
slave trade.
763
00:39:16,354 --> 00:39:17,964
♪
764
00:39:18,094 --> 00:39:22,751
In 1449, new laws
were enacted in Spain,
765
00:39:22,882 --> 00:39:25,798
a big player in the trade.
766
00:39:25,928 --> 00:39:28,191
These were essential
for rationalizing
767
00:39:28,322 --> 00:39:30,498
treating people as property.
768
00:39:30,629 --> 00:39:32,587
♪
769
00:39:32,718 --> 00:39:33,956
That's very nice
to see you, how are you?
770
00:39:33,980 --> 00:39:34,980
Hi, how are you?
771
00:39:35,068 --> 00:39:37,549
- Very nice to see you.
- Fine.
772
00:39:37,679 --> 00:39:38,854
[bell clangs]
773
00:39:38,985 --> 00:39:42,684
- This is a beautiful place.
- Yes, it is.
774
00:39:52,781 --> 00:39:55,697
So what did it mean,
this purity of blood?
775
00:40:04,010 --> 00:40:06,795
Of Toledo.
776
00:40:06,926 --> 00:40:08,971
In the early 15th century,
777
00:40:09,102 --> 00:40:13,976
Jews and Muslims were forcibly
converted to Christianity.
778
00:40:14,107 --> 00:40:17,980
But after the conversions,
a new method was invented so as
779
00:40:18,111 --> 00:40:24,639
to exclude them from society
and growing positions of power.
780
00:40:24,770 --> 00:40:26,380
Until that point,
faith was everything.
781
00:40:26,511 --> 00:40:27,511
Yes.
782
00:40:27,555 --> 00:40:29,427
Suddenly, faith was not enough.
783
00:40:29,557 --> 00:40:31,646
No, not enough. No.
784
00:40:31,777 --> 00:40:33,648
- Now it was all about blood.
- Yes.
785
00:40:33,779 --> 00:40:35,955
- 1722.
- Yes.
786
00:40:36,085 --> 00:40:37,435
I see the word "genealogy."
787
00:40:46,966 --> 00:40:49,359
So this person
who's writing this,
788
00:40:49,490 --> 00:40:55,540
he's saying, "Hey, I am pure
blood on all four grandparents.
789
00:40:55,670 --> 00:40:57,890
- Nobody has, you know, - Yeah.
790
00:40:58,020 --> 00:40:59,457
...made my blood impure." - No.
791
00:40:59,587 --> 00:41:00,632
This is pure racism.
792
00:41:05,811 --> 00:41:08,683
- This idea was new.
- Yes.
793
00:41:08,814 --> 00:41:10,511
It made in Europe,
for the first time,
794
00:41:10,642 --> 00:41:13,035
race a criteria. - Yes.
795
00:41:13,166 --> 00:41:18,998
In 1452, the purity
of blood legislation
796
00:41:19,128 --> 00:41:22,654
led directly to the Pope
blessing the slave trade.
797
00:41:28,050 --> 00:41:30,531
When he thought of Africans,
he just thought of them
798
00:41:30,662 --> 00:41:31,924
as pagans. - Yes.
799
00:41:32,054 --> 00:41:33,578
- So it was like a code word.
- Yes.
800
00:41:38,017 --> 00:41:42,761
[liturgical music playing]
801
00:41:42,891 --> 00:41:44,893
And when Africans
converted to Christianity,
802
00:41:45,024 --> 00:41:47,809
did they stop enslaving them?
803
00:41:47,940 --> 00:41:50,290
No. Purity of blood.
804
00:41:55,687 --> 00:41:57,819
Africans.
805
00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:00,909
♪
806
00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:07,176
It shows you
that bad ideas can go
807
00:42:07,307 --> 00:42:09,614
very, very, very far.
808
00:42:09,744 --> 00:42:10,744
Very far.
809
00:42:10,832 --> 00:42:18,144
♪
810
00:42:18,274 --> 00:42:20,755
Severn Sea, Skin Deep
and Seeker, status report.
811
00:42:20,886 --> 00:42:22,627
The divers have
been at the bottom
812
00:42:22,757 --> 00:42:24,803
for more than five minutes now.
813
00:42:24,933 --> 00:42:26,631
They have just under
five minutes left
814
00:42:26,761 --> 00:42:28,807
until they have to ascend.
815
00:42:28,937 --> 00:42:33,159
Support divers, be ready to jump
in for decompression phase.
816
00:42:33,289 --> 00:42:35,689
Fingers crossed they'll find
a tusk in the next few minutes.
817
00:42:35,727 --> 00:42:36,858
Over.
818
00:42:36,989 --> 00:42:41,036
♪
819
00:42:41,167 --> 00:42:44,126
Those two gentlemen
have been someplace
820
00:42:44,257 --> 00:42:46,912
that no one else has ever been.
821
00:42:47,042 --> 00:42:50,002
No other person
has been on this wreck site.
822
00:42:50,132 --> 00:42:51,743
Ever.
823
00:42:51,873 --> 00:42:54,267
♪
824
00:42:54,397 --> 00:42:58,924
I'm literally above a ship
that was carrying my ancestors.
825
00:42:59,054 --> 00:43:02,057
I'm free diving, uh...
826
00:43:02,188 --> 00:43:03,972
above kind of a graveyard.
827
00:43:04,103 --> 00:43:07,933
♪
828
00:43:08,063 --> 00:43:10,631
I didn't know the significance
of the shipwreck.
829
00:43:10,762 --> 00:43:13,852
I feel more enlightened now.
830
00:43:13,982 --> 00:43:16,071
That's my motivation
to spend three, four hours
831
00:43:16,202 --> 00:43:18,857
in the water.
That's my personal reward.
832
00:43:18,987 --> 00:43:22,425
♪
833
00:43:22,556 --> 00:43:24,036
With only a few minutes left,
834
00:43:24,166 --> 00:43:28,170
the deep divers have
found the basket.
835
00:43:28,301 --> 00:43:31,478
The elephant tusk
is right next to it.
836
00:43:31,609 --> 00:43:39,138
♪
837
00:43:39,268 --> 00:43:43,751
After almost 350 years at the
bottom of the English Channel,
838
00:43:43,882 --> 00:43:46,754
remarkably,
the tusk is still intact.
839
00:43:46,885 --> 00:43:53,065
♪
840
00:43:53,195 --> 00:43:55,850
Kieran secures
the tusk to the basket,
841
00:43:55,981 --> 00:43:57,504
which will be hoisted
up to the ship.
842
00:43:57,635 --> 00:44:00,725
♪
843
00:44:00,855 --> 00:44:03,031
After 20 minutes on the bottom,
844
00:44:03,162 --> 00:44:04,772
with just a few minutes
to spare,
845
00:44:04,903 --> 00:44:08,080
Kieran and Richard
now ascend slowly.
846
00:44:08,210 --> 00:44:10,952
They still have three hours
of decompression time
847
00:44:11,083 --> 00:44:13,694
to spend in the water.
848
00:44:13,825 --> 00:44:14,932
I'm gonna put Kinga in first,
849
00:44:14,956 --> 00:44:17,698
then you jump
straight behind her.
850
00:44:17,829 --> 00:44:19,874
Celebration is still premature
851
00:44:20,005 --> 00:44:22,094
as the danger is not over.
852
00:44:22,224 --> 00:44:25,010
In fact, the ascent is
one of the most precarious
853
00:44:25,140 --> 00:44:27,752
parts of the mission.
854
00:44:27,882 --> 00:44:29,841
We immediately jump in the water
855
00:44:29,971 --> 00:44:34,541
to secure Kieran and Richard
to make sure they're safe.
856
00:44:34,672 --> 00:44:42,672
♪
857
00:44:49,295 --> 00:44:51,384
Getting down and staying down
is the easy part,
858
00:44:51,514 --> 00:44:54,996
but managing the ascent is
critical because all that time
859
00:44:55,127 --> 00:44:56,234
we're at that great depth,
we've absorbed a lot of,
860
00:44:56,258 --> 00:44:57,738
you know, gas,
861
00:44:57,869 --> 00:44:59,194
that has to come out of our
bodies in a controlled manner.
862
00:44:59,218 --> 00:45:01,916
And the only way we can do that
863
00:45:02,047 --> 00:45:02,787
is by making
these decompression stops
864
00:45:02,917 --> 00:45:05,877
at a fixed depth
for a fixed time.
865
00:45:06,007 --> 00:45:11,360
♪
866
00:45:11,491 --> 00:45:14,320
And worst case, if we have
a complete system failure,
867
00:45:14,450 --> 00:45:16,757
then we have to rely on
you guys to then come down
868
00:45:16,888 --> 00:45:18,019
with the additional gases
869
00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:20,587
that we will need
to continue the ascent.
870
00:45:20,718 --> 00:45:23,198
♪
871
00:45:23,329 --> 00:45:26,071
Kinga, Josh, Kramer, and myself
have now set up
872
00:45:26,201 --> 00:45:31,163
the final decompression station
for Rich and Kieran.
873
00:45:31,293 --> 00:45:34,122
If need be, we're ready
to grab the gas cylinders
874
00:45:34,253 --> 00:45:35,907
and quickly descend
to the rescue
875
00:45:36,037 --> 00:45:37,822
of the deep divers.
876
00:45:37,952 --> 00:45:40,128
This bar will be
hanging for 'em,
877
00:45:40,259 --> 00:45:42,130
so when they get to 6 meters,
878
00:45:42,261 --> 00:45:43,760
which is their longest
decompression stop,
879
00:45:43,784 --> 00:45:46,091
they've got a bar to hold on to,
880
00:45:46,221 --> 00:45:48,049
and there's gonna be
an emergency gas cylinder
881
00:45:48,180 --> 00:45:50,008
with 100% oxygen in,
882
00:45:50,138 --> 00:45:50,965
in case
they've got any problems.
883
00:45:51,096 --> 00:45:54,273
♪
884
00:45:54,403 --> 00:45:58,277
Did you find a run time
for the divers yet?
885
00:45:58,407 --> 00:46:01,062
Not yet. We're still waiting
for them to come up.
886
00:46:01,193 --> 00:46:05,023
♪
887
00:46:05,153 --> 00:46:08,287
Two and a half hours
into the dive,
888
00:46:08,417 --> 00:46:11,464
we notice air bubbles
rising from the deep.
889
00:46:11,594 --> 00:46:14,380
[MAN] Okay. We're starting to
see something down there.
890
00:46:14,510 --> 00:46:17,035
Do you have visual
of the divers? Over.
891
00:46:17,165 --> 00:46:20,168
♪
892
00:46:20,299 --> 00:46:22,518
Looks like... yeah, yeah.
893
00:46:22,649 --> 00:46:24,303
There they are.
894
00:46:24,433 --> 00:46:25,933
They're coming to
the last station now.
895
00:46:25,957 --> 00:46:28,350
Looks like they're fine.
896
00:46:28,481 --> 00:46:30,135
Yeah. Roger that.
Divers are fine.
897
00:46:30,265 --> 00:46:36,184
♪
898
00:46:36,315 --> 00:46:39,100
Now that they've made it
to the final station,
899
00:46:39,231 --> 00:46:40,469
we keep an eye
on Rich and Kieran
900
00:46:40,493 --> 00:46:44,889
during the last hour
of decompression.
901
00:46:45,019 --> 00:46:47,065
If it's not handled properly,
902
00:46:47,195 --> 00:46:49,110
exhaustion combined
with strong currents
903
00:46:49,241 --> 00:46:50,372
of the English Channel
904
00:46:50,503 --> 00:46:52,287
can be dangerous
for the deep divers,
905
00:46:52,418 --> 00:46:54,420
so they must be monitored.
906
00:46:54,550 --> 00:47:00,730
[dolphins whistling]
907
00:47:00,861 --> 00:47:08,861
♪
908
00:47:11,219 --> 00:47:13,047
They've spent almost
three and a half hours
909
00:47:13,178 --> 00:47:16,181
in the cold Atlantic waters.
910
00:47:16,311 --> 00:47:20,185
A half-hour less than
originally planned,
911
00:47:20,315 --> 00:47:22,970
And now we're all back
safely on the boat.
912
00:47:23,101 --> 00:47:25,364
♪
913
00:47:25,494 --> 00:47:29,281
[woman speaks indistinctly]
914
00:47:29,411 --> 00:47:32,023
[whirring]
915
00:47:32,153 --> 00:47:35,417
Well, it took us
a little less time
916
00:47:35,548 --> 00:47:38,725
than what we anticipated,
didn't it?
917
00:47:38,856 --> 00:47:40,379
♪
918
00:47:40,509 --> 00:47:44,035
The moment
we've been waiting for...
919
00:47:44,165 --> 00:47:45,186
We're pulling up
the elephant tusk,
920
00:47:45,210 --> 00:47:48,126
which was pillaged from Africa
921
00:47:48,256 --> 00:47:50,955
along with millions
of enslaved Africans.
922
00:47:57,178 --> 00:48:03,881
♪
923
00:48:04,011 --> 00:48:10,017
[exhaling deeply]
924
00:48:10,148 --> 00:48:12,411
♪
925
00:48:12,541 --> 00:48:16,197
I-I don't know
how to describe it.
926
00:48:16,328 --> 00:48:17,938
This is unbelievable.
927
00:48:18,069 --> 00:48:21,202
If it's the final resting place
928
00:48:21,333 --> 00:48:25,380
of some of my ancestors,
then it's a burial ground.
929
00:48:25,511 --> 00:48:33,511
But it's also a crime scene,
because they were taken.
930
00:48:34,781 --> 00:48:38,524
There was an injustice
that took place,
931
00:48:38,654 --> 00:48:41,309
and no one has ever been
brought to account for that.
932
00:48:41,440 --> 00:48:44,443
♪
933
00:48:44,573 --> 00:48:51,058
I want justice for those people.
934
00:48:51,189 --> 00:48:53,104
♪
935
00:48:53,234 --> 00:49:00,285
It always bothers me to use the
language "slaves on the ship."
936
00:49:00,415 --> 00:49:04,115
People speak in terms
of the Africans on the ships
937
00:49:04,245 --> 00:49:07,248
as if they started out
as slaves,
938
00:49:07,379 --> 00:49:09,250
and they weren't slaves.
939
00:49:09,381 --> 00:49:12,123
They were Africans
who were enslaved.
940
00:49:12,253 --> 00:49:14,299
♪
941
00:49:14,429 --> 00:49:17,432
Just thinking about
the people, they were people.
942
00:49:17,563 --> 00:49:21,001
I can't imagine being
torn away from my family.
943
00:49:21,132 --> 00:49:22,437
I can't.
944
00:49:22,568 --> 00:49:24,352
I cannot fathom being
taken across oceans
945
00:49:24,483 --> 00:49:26,528
I didn't even know existed.
946
00:49:26,659 --> 00:49:31,707
I... and then to be
beaten and thrown about
947
00:49:31,838 --> 00:49:36,147
and be yelled at in a language
I don't even understand
948
00:49:36,277 --> 00:49:38,192
and told to do things
I do not want to do.
949
00:49:38,323 --> 00:49:41,587
♪
950
00:49:41,717 --> 00:49:45,983
There are generations
who think that African history
951
00:49:46,113 --> 00:49:49,334
started with slavery.
952
00:49:49,464 --> 00:49:51,640
They think, "Okay. That's when
my history started."
953
00:49:51,771 --> 00:49:56,645
And African history didn't
start with African slavery.
954
00:49:56,776 --> 00:50:00,867
African history was interrupted
by African slavery.
955
00:50:00,998 --> 00:50:08,998
♪
956
00:50:15,925 --> 00:50:16,187
♪
957
00:50:16,317 --> 00:50:24,317
♪
958
00:50:29,461 --> 00:50:32,855
This is where people
who were enslaved were held
959
00:50:32,986 --> 00:50:35,249
until it was time
for them to be shipped out
960
00:50:35,380 --> 00:50:38,426
onto vessels waiting here.
961
00:50:38,557 --> 00:50:40,428
This is the door of no return.
962
00:50:40,559 --> 00:50:42,604
And once they've
passed this point,
963
00:50:42,735 --> 00:50:44,060
it was the end of life
as they knew it.
964
00:50:44,084 --> 00:50:45,781
It was it.
965
00:50:45,912 --> 00:50:48,352
It was the end of their culture.
Their names would be changed.
966
00:50:48,436 --> 00:50:49,718
They would have
a life of forced labor.
967
00:50:49,742 --> 00:50:51,570
Their children
and their children's children
968
00:50:51,700 --> 00:50:53,659
would be born into slavery.
969
00:50:53,789 --> 00:50:56,705
And so this was really
the end of their freedom.
970
00:50:56,836 --> 00:51:00,492
[creaks]
971
00:51:00,622 --> 00:51:01,188
[clank]
972
00:51:01,319 --> 00:51:05,453
♪
973
00:51:05,584 --> 00:51:07,847
Some people say,
"Well, don't you feel sorrow
974
00:51:07,977 --> 00:51:10,241
when you see this?"
975
00:51:10,371 --> 00:51:11,811
It's still a feeling
of anger for me.
976
00:51:11,894 --> 00:51:15,159
- Yeah.
- Oh, okay.
977
00:51:15,289 --> 00:51:16,116
This is what it is.
This is, uh...
978
00:51:16,247 --> 00:51:17,465
Yeah.
979
00:51:17,596 --> 00:51:19,598
...man's inhumanity to man,
980
00:51:19,728 --> 00:51:23,341
and this is almost like
the... almost the capital of it.
981
00:51:23,471 --> 00:51:26,257
- It is. It's like ground zero.
- Yeah.
982
00:51:26,387 --> 00:51:34,387
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983
00:51:41,359 --> 00:51:49,359
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