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May 19th,
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the anniversary of the death
of a queen of England.
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Every year on this day,
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a bouquet of red roses
is delivered anonymously
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to the chapel
of the Tower of London.
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They are accompanied
by a simple request.
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They are to be laid just over there,
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on the spot where the second wife
of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn,
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was buried on this day in 1536.
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I'm historian Tracy Borman.
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Over the next three nights,
I'm going to explore
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the incredible story
of Anne's downfall.
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Look at that, it's just exquisite.
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It's wonderful, isn't it?
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It all took place
in the space of just 17 days.
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I studied Anne for most of my life.
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I think I know her well,
but I'm going to do something
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that I've never done before.
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I'm going to follow
in Anne's footsteps.
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Take the journey with her.
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Hour by hour, during the three
most important clays,
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from queen to outcast,
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to find the truth
behind her downfall.
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That is incredible.
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Can I just put it in my pocket?
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I'll look at the day
she's arrested...
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...the day she's tried...
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...and the day she's beheaded.
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In this first episode,
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I'll be tracing the events of Anne
Boleyn's last day of freedom.
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For the first time in history,
a queen of England has been arrested
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and imprisoned
in the Tower of London,
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and she faces charges
for which the penalty is death.
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It's eight o'clock in the morning
on Tuesday, 2nd May, 1536.
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Since dawn three hours ago,
the streets have been crowded
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with traders selling
to passing travellers.
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The River Thames is full of boats
carrying people and goods.
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And, in Whitehall,
a plan is being hatched.
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At one of the king's palaces -
he has almost 60 -
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servants are preparing Henry Vlll's
main meal of the day.
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00:03:06,225 --> 00:03:07,790
Things seem normal.
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00:03:09,945 --> 00:03:16,429
In 1536, Henry isn't yet the
oversized king we tend to think of.
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He's fit and active,
and his weight hasn't yet ballooned.
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And this morning,
he's been busy already.
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He's sent a message
to one of his other palaces.
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And it's a message that will change
the course of history forever.
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Leaving Henry's palace
at Whitehall...
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...the messenger starts his journey
eastwards along the River Thames,
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towards Henry's wife,
Queen Anne Boleyn.
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She is at another royal palace,
down the river in Greenwich -
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the magnificent palace of Placentia.
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00:03:58,065 --> 00:04:01,759
This is Anne's favourite residence.
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00:04:01,784 --> 00:04:04,759
The name means "Pleasant Palace",
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but it will not live up to that
today.
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00:04:16,175 --> 00:04:20,120
We're told Anne starts the day
watching a game of real tennis.
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It's a favourite sport of hers,
and also of her husband Henry,
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who frequently plays matches.
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00:04:31,985 --> 00:04:35,200
Anne Boleyn stands out
in the English court
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as stylish, intellectual
and charismatic.
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She has already experienced
plenty of drama in her 35 years.
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Born in England,
Anne was educated in France,
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and later became a lady-in-waiting
to Henry Vlll's first wife,
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Catherine of Aragon.
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Henry's spotted her at court,
wooed her,
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and they fell in love.
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He had his marriage
to Catherine annulled.
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00:05:05,505 --> 00:05:09,120
And now, Henry and Anne
have been married for three years.
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They have a young daughter -
the future Queen Elizabeth I.
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But today, unusually,
Anne is watching alone,
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and that must feel ominous,
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given what happened yesterday
at the May Day jousts.
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King Henry received some news
which set him on edge.
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He left without warning
for the palace at Whitehall,
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leaving Anne by herself
at Greenwich.
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Anne loves to have
a flutter on sporting events,
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and the story goes that she's just
regretting not having placed a bet
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on the winner, when the message
that the king sent this morning
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arrives, with ominous instructions.
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The king's message from Whitehall
has arrived by boat at Greenwich.
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The instruction is simple,
but ominous.
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It says, by order of the king,
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Anne must present herself
before the Privy Council,
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here at Greenwich.
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Her heart must sink.
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She knows that the council is the
most important advisory body
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in the kingdom, and so this
must be really serious.
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The world Anne lives in
is full of intrigue...
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...as people struggle
for the king's attention.
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Anne has climbed to the top,
but there are plenty of people
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who want to drag her down.
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This letter
by a foreign ambassador,
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Eustache Chappuis,
is full of court gossip.
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Chappuis is reporting that Anne,
whom he refers to throughout
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as the concubine and great whore -
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this is absolutely typical.
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There's nothing but criticism
of Anne.
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The concubine, the woman
who has led the king astray.
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In one of his most cutting comments,
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he reports that Henry
is tiring of Anne,
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looking out for a new, younger wife.
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"It's the joy and pleasure
a man feels
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"in getting rid of a thin, old,
vicious horse,
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"in the hope of getting soon
a fine horse to ride."
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It really is incredibly thrilling,
as a Tudor historian
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to get my hands on documents
such as this.
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They're telling us what people are
saying about Anne at this time -
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the sorts of rumours
that are circulating.
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So you get the feeling
of the weight of evidence
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that is gathering against Anne.
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There's nothing here in her favour.
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It seems nobody is prepared
to speak in her defence.
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The documents record
what happens next on May 2nd...
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...at the palace in Greenwich.
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Anne is escorted
from the tennis courts,
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which are part of the vast palace,
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to a council chamber
at the other side of the complex.
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Anne makes her way
across the courtyard
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to the Privy Council meeting,
in full view of everyone.
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00:09:02,255 --> 00:09:06,449
I can only imagine what must
be running through her mind.
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Perhaps she's fearing that,
like Catherine of Aragon,
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Henry is going to divorce her.
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She must be racking her brains,
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trying to think of
just what she's done wrong.
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At the council chamber, she is met
by three grave-faced men...
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...who rise to their feet.
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One of them is the
Duke of Norfolk, Anne's uncle.
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You'd have thought that he'd
want to help her, but in fact,
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the two can't stand each other.
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Also there is William Kingston,
constable of the Tower of London
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and a member of the Privy Council.
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Anne later claimed that...
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"l was cruelly handled at Greenwich
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"with the King's Council,
with my lord of Norfolk.
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00:10:10,205 --> 00:10:13,340
"And then he said,
'Tut, tut, tut, tut.'"
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00:10:14,845 --> 00:10:18,749
Well, "tut, tut, tut" - that sounds
like quite a mild reprimand,
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but what the council then said
to Anne was earth shattering.
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They charged her with adultery...
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...with Sir Henry Norris.
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This is a bolt from the blue.
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Norris is one of
the king's oldest friends.
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Until now, he's been one of
Henry's most trusted courtiers.
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To make matters worse,
Anne's also accused of adultery
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with a common and brash
court musician, Mark Smeaton,
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and a mysterious third unnamed man.
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Anne must be absolutely
reeling from this,
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but somehow she holds it together.
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She says...
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"l am the king's true wife..."
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...and that no other man
has ever touched her.
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It's interesting that, even now,
in the midst of her shock,
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the first thing she does
is protest her innocence.
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Rumours travel like lightning
in the Tudor court.
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After questioning, Anne's escorted
under guard back to her rooms,
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forced to cross the palace courtyard
again, in full view of everyone.
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This is all incredibly demeaning.
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No other queen of England has
ever suffered such humiliation.
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Gossip must already be spreading
across the palace,
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and as Anne makes her way
back to her private apartments,
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her mind must be spinning.
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What's going on?
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Is the king behind this, or is it a
plot by her enemies to destroy her?
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Little does she know,
much worse is to come.
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In Greenwich,
at the Palace of Placentia,
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Anne is back in her apartments,
under armed guard.
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Despite the charges, she tries
to follow her normal routine.
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Anne sits down to dinner.
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She's clearly doing her best
to try and maintain appearances
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that all is well.
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She's dressed in a sumptuous gown
of red velvet and cloth of gold,
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and she sits beneath
a canopy of estate,
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a symbol of her authority as queen,
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which is ironic because that
authority has started to crumble.
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The people around Anne
are acting strangely.
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Her ladies are upset and tearful.
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And, most ominous of all
is that the king's waiter,
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who usually appears at meal times
to say...
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'Much good may it do you.'
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...on behalf of the king,
doesn't appear.
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Anne is so distressed that finally
her composure starts to crumble.
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She must be wondering, as must
everybody else in the room,
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what is going to happen next.
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00:14:21,186 --> 00:14:24,750
But today's events
haven't come out of the blue.
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Anne's troubles began
three months ago...
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...when she was expecting a son.
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Henry's marriage to his
first wife, Katherine,
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had broken down because,
after almost 25 years,
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they'd failed to produce a son.
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To continue the Tudor dynasty,
he needs a male heir.
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00:15:03,986 --> 00:15:06,391
The duty now falls to Anne.
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Three months ago, she was pregnant.
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The king and queen were pinning
all their hopes on it being a son.
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Proof of the anticipation
of this new male arrival
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is a commemorative medal
produced by Anne.
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Known as the "Most Happy Medal",
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she planned to distribute it
across the nation
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to celebrate the birth,
and to boost her own image.
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Just the prototype survives,
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locked away in the British Museum.
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I feel like a burglar!
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I'm about to come
face-to-face with Anne
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for the very first time.
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Wow, this is really exciting.
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00:15:56,466 --> 00:15:59,111
It's amazing, the detail.
You can see so much more.
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I've only ever seen pictures
of this.
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00:16:01,186 --> 00:16:02,831
Do you want to handle it?
Oh, is that OK?
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00:16:07,936 --> 00:16:09,800
This feels like looking at
Anne Boleyn.
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00:16:09,825 --> 00:16:11,991
It really is quite extraordinary,
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and yet very, very different
to the way that I think of her,
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the way that I've been influenced
by those later portraits,
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whereas this is the only known
likeness of Anne
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actually taken during her lifetime.
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00:16:27,056 --> 00:16:30,271
So this is Anne as she really was.
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00:16:30,296 --> 00:16:33,991
This is just
incredibly thrilling to see.
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There weren't any others made.
This was it.
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00:16:37,466 --> 00:16:40,391
And Anne was quite a control freak,
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00:16:40,416 --> 00:16:43,880
so the chances are that Anne,
perhaps Henry, too,
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actually held this.
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Sends shivers down the spine.
219
00:16:48,695 --> 00:16:50,361
So this is a piece of propaganda.
220
00:16:50,386 --> 00:16:52,311
This is the Tudor equivalent
of Twitter.
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I wonder what she made of it
when she saw it.
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Can I just put it in my pocket now
and go?
223
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That is incredible.
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A WOMAN WAILS
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But three months ago,
tragedy struck.
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Anne suffered a miscarriage.
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00:17:27,986 --> 00:17:32,191
Worse, it seems it was a baby boy,
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the heir that
Henry was so desperate for.
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00:17:37,416 --> 00:17:40,550
This is a major blow for Henry,
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00:17:40,575 --> 00:17:43,311
and an absolute disaster for Anne.
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All of Henry's doubts
come flooding back.
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Henry believes that...
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'God did not permit them
to have a son.'
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...and there are rumours
that he believed he might...
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00:18:02,216 --> 00:18:04,630
'..take another wife.'
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00:18:04,655 --> 00:18:09,441
Straight away, Henry begins
thinking of ditching Anne
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for someone who can give him a son.
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00:18:13,496 --> 00:18:17,311
Step forward, this man,
Thomas Cromwell,
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00:18:17,336 --> 00:18:20,880
the so-called fixer
who has made it his job
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00:18:20,905 --> 00:18:23,831
to make Henry's
deepest wishes come true.
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00:18:30,106 --> 00:18:32,630
As Anne finishes her meal today,
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00:18:32,655 --> 00:18:38,161
she knows Cromwell must be behind
this attempt to bring her down.
243
00:18:40,976 --> 00:18:46,441
He's spent the last few weeks
secretly building a case against her
244
00:18:46,466 --> 00:18:50,031
from his base here
at Austin Friars.
245
00:18:52,136 --> 00:18:57,911
Today, the area lies in the shadow
of the City of London skyscrapers.
246
00:18:59,856 --> 00:19:02,271
The son of a blacksmith,
247
00:19:02,296 --> 00:19:05,991
Cromwell's risen to be
the king's special adviser.
248
00:19:07,416 --> 00:19:09,601
By promising to make Henry...
249
00:19:09,626 --> 00:19:12,471
'..the richest sovereign
whoever reigned in England.'
250
00:19:13,905 --> 00:19:16,750
I've come to Thomas Cromwell's
power base
251
00:19:16,775 --> 00:19:19,241
to get a political perspective
on him
252
00:19:19,266 --> 00:19:21,911
from journalist Owen Jones.
253
00:19:21,936 --> 00:19:24,670
Hi, Owen. Hi, how are you doing?
Nice to meet you.
254
00:19:24,695 --> 00:19:28,670
Well, we're here on the site
of Thomas Cromwell's original house,
255
00:19:28,695 --> 00:19:31,471
and it's from here that he did
so much of his plotting.
256
00:19:31,496 --> 00:19:35,971
We can see him as the original
spin doctor, Mr Fixer.
257
00:19:35,996 --> 00:19:38,820
There are some pretty obvious
modern parallels, aren't there?
258
00:19:38,845 --> 00:19:41,181
I think the parallels are
very, very striking indeed.
259
00:19:41,206 --> 00:19:44,051
You had to use cunning
and you had to be devious.
260
00:19:44,076 --> 00:19:46,770
You had to constantly see it
as a chess game,
261
00:19:46,795 --> 00:19:48,411
where you have to outmanoeuvre
262
00:19:48,436 --> 00:19:50,621
and defeat your opponents
ruthlessly.
263
00:19:50,646 --> 00:19:52,971
That kind of tradition
of the spin doctor,
264
00:19:52,996 --> 00:19:55,900
whether it be Peter Mandelson
and Dominic Cummings, I bet,
265
00:19:55,925 --> 00:19:57,331
I wouldn't be surprised
266
00:19:57,356 --> 00:19:59,931
if they hadn't themselves
looked back at Thomas Cromwell
267
00:19:59,956 --> 00:20:01,820
with some admiration and, who knows,
268
00:20:01,845 --> 00:20:03,851
maybe they were partly inspired
by him.
269
00:20:03,876 --> 00:20:07,381
So it's a case of the end justifying
the means. Remorselessly so.
270
00:20:07,406 --> 00:20:12,241
Even if the way you get there
is seen as morally very dubious,
271
00:20:12,266 --> 00:20:14,570
very problematic, even scandalous,
272
00:20:14,595 --> 00:20:17,051
as long as you get to
where you want to get to,
273
00:20:17,076 --> 00:20:19,211
as long as you achieve
that sacred goal,
274
00:20:19,236 --> 00:20:21,461
then everything can be justified.
275
00:20:21,486 --> 00:20:24,461
For people like Cromwell, he has
this huge amount of power
276
00:20:24,486 --> 00:20:26,931
and influence,
but he has a job to do -
277
00:20:26,956 --> 00:20:30,740
instead of "get Brexit clone", it's
get rid of the queen of England.
278
00:20:30,765 --> 00:20:33,740
So he knows the risks
that he's taking,
279
00:20:33,765 --> 00:20:37,351
and that if he fails, really,
it's his neck on the line.
280
00:20:37,376 --> 00:20:40,461
I think politicians
are risk seekers.
281
00:20:40,486 --> 00:20:42,660
They're adrenaline junkies.
282
00:20:42,685 --> 00:20:45,941
They like the idea that they could
suddenly amass all this power,
283
00:20:45,966 --> 00:20:48,870
that at any moment it could
all come crumbling down.
284
00:20:48,895 --> 00:20:51,660
So I think there is that sense
of politics is seen
285
00:20:51,685 --> 00:20:52,901
as a bit of a game.
286
00:20:55,736 --> 00:20:58,301
From his house in Austin Friars,
287
00:20:58,326 --> 00:21:01,261
Cromwell makes his way
across the city...
288
00:21:02,736 --> 00:21:03,901
...to Greenwich.
289
00:21:05,126 --> 00:21:08,301
The net is closing in on Anne.
290
00:21:14,926 --> 00:21:18,821
Cromwell's skill is finding out
what the king wants,
291
00:21:18,846 --> 00:21:20,901
and making it happen.
292
00:21:20,926 --> 00:21:24,941
When Henry had grown tired
of his first wife, Katherine,
293
00:21:24,966 --> 00:21:27,540
Cromwell had turned against her.
294
00:21:27,565 --> 00:21:29,941
Now, Henry has grown tired of Anne,
295
00:21:29,966 --> 00:21:32,711
Cromwell has
turned against her, too.
296
00:21:32,736 --> 00:21:37,711
Well, his first move has been to put
Anne in front of the Privy Council.
297
00:21:37,736 --> 00:21:42,071
Now it's time to put the next
part of his plan into action.
298
00:21:43,815 --> 00:21:46,740
Cromwell enters Anne's dining room,
299
00:21:46,765 --> 00:21:51,540
together with a large entourage
of important men,
300
00:21:51,565 --> 00:21:55,221
including her uncle,
the Duke of Norfolk.
301
00:21:55,246 --> 00:21:58,790
Earlier this morning,
Norfolk has been one of three men
302
00:21:58,815 --> 00:22:02,431
of the Privy Council
to charge Anne with adultery.
303
00:22:02,456 --> 00:22:04,740
Now he's carrying a scroll,
304
00:22:04,765 --> 00:22:07,990
which is a warrant
for his niece's arrest.
305
00:22:08,015 --> 00:22:12,711
Clearly, blood is not thicker
than water in the Boleyn family.
306
00:22:12,736 --> 00:22:17,511
Loyalty to the king is more
important for political survival.
307
00:22:18,765 --> 00:22:23,101
Anne rises from her seat,
asking why they have come.
308
00:22:23,126 --> 00:22:24,790
Norfolk says...
309
00:22:24,815 --> 00:22:27,101
"We came by the king's command
310
00:22:27,126 --> 00:22:29,941
"to conduct Anne
to the Tower of London."
311
00:22:33,406 --> 00:22:36,870
Discovering that she is
being taken to the Tower
312
00:22:36,895 --> 00:22:39,740
must be a horrific body blow
for Anne.
313
00:22:39,765 --> 00:22:41,941
Her stomach must be churning.
314
00:22:41,966 --> 00:22:45,461
Yet remarkably,
she holds it together.
315
00:22:47,176 --> 00:22:48,711
Anne replies...
316
00:22:48,736 --> 00:22:52,511
"lf it be His Majesty's pleasure,
then I am ready to obey."
317
00:22:54,486 --> 00:22:56,821
She's given no time to pack,
318
00:22:56,846 --> 00:22:59,301
to summon her ladies-in-waiting,
319
00:22:59,326 --> 00:23:03,540
or say goodbye to her beloved
two-and-a-half-year-old daughter,
320
00:23:03,565 --> 00:23:04,990
Elizabeth.
321
00:23:05,015 --> 00:23:08,631
Why the need for all this haste?
322
00:23:08,656 --> 00:23:14,151
Well, Cromwell is painfully aware
that Henry and Anne have always
323
00:23:14,176 --> 00:23:16,151
had a tempestuous relationship,
324
00:23:16,176 --> 00:23:22,071
furious rows, but each one followed
by a passionate reconciliation.
325
00:23:22,096 --> 00:23:27,071
He has to act fast to make sure
that that doesn't happen this time.
326
00:23:32,846 --> 00:23:35,821
The Queen of England is under
arrest,
327
00:23:35,846 --> 00:23:37,901
her freedom gone.
328
00:23:37,926 --> 00:23:42,910
All she can do is wait in Greenwich
to be taken down the Thames
329
00:23:42,935 --> 00:23:44,860
to the Tower of London.
330
00:23:47,376 --> 00:23:49,860
But, while events in Greenwich
play out,
331
00:23:49,885 --> 00:23:55,221
down the Thames in Whitehall, her
husband is keeping a low profile.
332
00:24:04,966 --> 00:24:08,540
Henry doesn't want to face
his wife or the public.
333
00:24:08,565 --> 00:24:12,540
Strangely, though, he doesn't seem
greatly troubled by events
334
00:24:12,565 --> 00:24:16,581
that are happening ten miles
from here in Greenwich.
335
00:24:16,606 --> 00:24:19,071
In fact, those people who do see him
336
00:24:19,096 --> 00:24:24,581
report that he's in great spirits,
even rejoicing at Anne's fate.
337
00:24:25,885 --> 00:24:28,431
The court has never been so lively.
338
00:24:28,456 --> 00:24:31,511
Feasts and banquets
follow one another,
339
00:24:31,536 --> 00:24:34,631
much to the disgust
of many of those there.
340
00:24:34,656 --> 00:24:37,381
Eyewitnesses report that he has...
341
00:24:37,406 --> 00:24:40,461
'..daily gone out to dine
here and there with ladies,
342
00:24:40,486 --> 00:24:43,660
'and sometimes has remained with
them until after midnight.'
343
00:24:43,685 --> 00:24:46,631
It's all very strange behaviour.
344
00:24:46,656 --> 00:24:51,181
But perhaps mentally, Henry has
already moved on from Anne.
345
00:24:51,206 --> 00:24:56,151
This sudden rejection of Anne
is particularly shocking
346
00:24:56,176 --> 00:24:58,860
because he courted her for so long.
347
00:24:58,885 --> 00:25:03,181
But what attracted Henry
to her in the first place?
348
00:25:04,456 --> 00:25:08,271
It's difficult to know the truth
about her looks and personality,
349
00:25:08,296 --> 00:25:13,221
because pictures we have of her
were painted after her death,
350
00:25:13,246 --> 00:25:18,221
but there may be clues on the "Most
Happy Medal" I looked at earlier.
351
00:25:18,246 --> 00:25:23,821
It features the only portrait of
Anne created during her lifetime.
352
00:25:24,926 --> 00:25:28,151
It's badly damaged,
but sculptor Lucy Churchill
353
00:25:28,176 --> 00:25:31,501
is using it to reconstruct her face.
354
00:25:33,736 --> 00:25:36,821
I noticed when I looked
at it under magnification,
355
00:25:36,846 --> 00:25:38,660
I noticed so much more detail.
356
00:25:39,966 --> 00:25:44,860
I'm about to see the restored
likeness of Anne for the first time.
357
00:25:44,885 --> 00:25:47,101
Here is my version.
358
00:25:48,296 --> 00:25:51,151
Oh, wow! That's amazing.
359
00:25:51,176 --> 00:25:53,990
I must admit that my first
reaction on seeing this is,
360
00:25:54,015 --> 00:25:57,821
what was Anne's appeal for Henry?
361
00:25:57,846 --> 00:26:00,740
We know that he was
absolutely besotted with her.
362
00:26:00,765 --> 00:26:03,271
The fact that she isn't
conventionally beautiful,
363
00:26:03,296 --> 00:26:05,071
a lot of people
are very disappointed.
364
00:26:05,096 --> 00:26:07,660
She is heavy eyed, heavy jawed.
365
00:26:07,685 --> 00:26:11,381
She was described as not the most
beautiful woman at court,
366
00:26:11,406 --> 00:26:16,151
but she... She could dance.
She was very, very witty,
367
00:26:16,176 --> 00:26:18,501
very intellectual. She had charisma.
368
00:26:18,526 --> 00:26:21,381
And I think that's much
more attractive than the idea
369
00:26:21,406 --> 00:26:25,401
of it being her superficial beauty
that lured him in.
370
00:26:25,426 --> 00:26:29,041
And what you can see from here
is that she had self-confidence...
371
00:26:29,066 --> 00:26:30,880
Yeah. ..in spades. Yes.
372
00:26:32,226 --> 00:26:36,091
It looks like more of a Henry VIII
pose - it looks like hands on hips.
373
00:26:36,116 --> 00:26:38,241
You can't actually see
the rest of her arms,
374
00:26:38,266 --> 00:26:40,241
but back straight, head raised. Yes.
375
00:26:40,266 --> 00:26:43,401
This is Anne at her most
self-confidence, isn't it? Yes.
376
00:26:50,426 --> 00:26:55,601
Under arrest, Anne's
self-confidence is now in tatters.
377
00:26:57,146 --> 00:27:01,451
At Greenwich, she's been waiting
for almost an hour for the boat
378
00:27:01,476 --> 00:27:03,810
to take her down the Thames.
379
00:27:03,835 --> 00:27:09,161
Anne is about to leave her beloved
Greenwich Palace for the last time.
380
00:27:10,705 --> 00:27:13,121
Next stop, the Tower.
381
00:27:57,246 --> 00:28:00,501
In Greenwich,
at the Palace of Placentia...
382
00:28:01,736 --> 00:28:06,021
...Anne is escorted from her
apartments down to the River Thames.
383
00:28:10,576 --> 00:28:14,831
Leading the way is the man
responsible for arresting her,
384
00:28:14,856 --> 00:28:16,631
Thomas Cromwell.
385
00:28:16,656 --> 00:28:21,831
This must be the way that Anne is
led down the steps under arrest,
386
00:28:21,856 --> 00:28:25,860
here to the beach, where there'll
be a barge waiting for her
387
00:28:25,885 --> 00:28:29,461
to take her upriver
to the Tower of London.
388
00:28:29,486 --> 00:28:33,021
And you can still see, just over
there, the remains of the original
389
00:28:33,046 --> 00:28:36,780
Tudor Pier, from which Anne
would have boarded the boat.
390
00:28:41,576 --> 00:28:44,711
I'm now following in the wake
of Anne's journey
391
00:28:44,736 --> 00:28:46,581
to the Tower of London.
392
00:28:51,326 --> 00:28:54,631
Usually, state prisoners
would have been taken to the Tower
393
00:28:54,656 --> 00:28:58,941
under cover of darkness,
but Anne suffers the humiliation
394
00:28:58,966 --> 00:29:02,381
of being rowed there
in full daylight.
395
00:29:08,376 --> 00:29:12,711
They really want to make her arrest
very public indeed.
396
00:29:15,765 --> 00:29:17,941
If that isn't bad enough,
397
00:29:17,966 --> 00:29:22,471
her nemesis, Thomas Cromwell,
is with her on the boat.
398
00:29:22,496 --> 00:29:26,021
It's as if he can't trust
her arrest to others -
399
00:29:26,046 --> 00:29:28,990
he has to keep a close eye
throughout.
400
00:29:32,526 --> 00:29:36,101
The atmosphere on the boat
must be toxic.
401
00:29:40,476 --> 00:29:44,221
Cromwell's agents have been
at work, spreading the word
402
00:29:44,246 --> 00:29:46,941
that the queen has been arrested...
403
00:29:49,126 --> 00:29:50,990
...and is heading down the river.
404
00:29:52,805 --> 00:29:55,141
Within a matter of hours,
405
00:29:55,166 --> 00:29:58,860
the sensational news
is all around London.
406
00:30:07,126 --> 00:30:12,021
Today, the Thames is very quiet,
but, at the time of Anne's arrest,
407
00:30:12,046 --> 00:30:15,990
it would have been a bustling
thoroughfare, filled with boats,
408
00:30:16,015 --> 00:30:21,101
and also crowded with spectators
watching from the shore.
409
00:30:21,126 --> 00:30:24,780
And they would have all been
hostile to this woman
410
00:30:24,805 --> 00:30:27,021
who they saw as a usurper -
411
00:30:27,046 --> 00:30:31,191
she'd ousted the rightful queen,
Catherine of Aragon.
412
00:30:34,765 --> 00:30:40,271
After a two hour journey,
Anne arrives at the Tower of London.
413
00:30:48,726 --> 00:30:54,551
This is the Tower as Anne is seeing
it, as she arrives from Greenwich.
414
00:31:00,166 --> 00:31:03,660
And it's incredibly imposing
when you see it from this view -
415
00:31:03,685 --> 00:31:06,191
you tend to approach by road
and you don't get a sense
416
00:31:06,216 --> 00:31:10,501
of just how intimidating
the fortress would have looked
417
00:31:10,526 --> 00:31:13,620
arriving here,
particularly for Anne,
418
00:31:13,645 --> 00:31:17,231
who knows that she's arriving
not as an honoured guest,
419
00:31:17,256 --> 00:31:18,870
but as a prisoner.
420
00:31:27,616 --> 00:31:30,021
Well, most prisoners
who are brought to the Tower
421
00:31:30,046 --> 00:31:31,950
enter through Traitor's Gate,
422
00:31:31,975 --> 00:31:36,661
but Anne is brought here, to
what was known as the Court Gate,
423
00:31:36,686 --> 00:31:40,511
which was probably a nod to her
status because, after all,
424
00:31:40,536 --> 00:31:44,740
prisoner she might be, but she's
also still the Queen of England.
425
00:31:44,765 --> 00:31:47,700
GUNS FIRE
426
00:31:49,366 --> 00:31:54,231
As Anne steps down here,
the thunder of the Tower's cannons
427
00:31:54,256 --> 00:31:55,901
sounds all around her.
428
00:32:03,286 --> 00:32:07,620
She's renowned for her composure,
but that now begins to crumble.
429
00:32:07,645 --> 00:32:10,901
She falls to her knees
protesting her innocence.
430
00:32:13,536 --> 00:32:16,950
When Anne last arrived here,
three years ago,
431
00:32:16,975 --> 00:32:19,591
it was for her coronation
celebrations.
432
00:32:19,616 --> 00:32:22,151
Remembering this, she says...
433
00:32:22,176 --> 00:32:25,820
"l was received with greater
ceremony last time I entered here."
434
00:32:33,975 --> 00:32:39,231
The Tower is a royal palace,
but it's also an infamous prison.
435
00:32:41,926 --> 00:32:46,231
Responsibility for Anne now falls
to Sir William Kingston,
436
00:32:46,256 --> 00:32:48,181
the constable of the Tower.
437
00:32:49,816 --> 00:32:51,690
Anne asks him...
438
00:32:51,715 --> 00:32:54,740
"Mr Kingston,
do I go into a dungeon?"
439
00:32:59,686 --> 00:33:03,620
Anne expects to be taken to one
of the many cells within the Tower.
440
00:33:05,206 --> 00:33:11,431
But instead, she's taken the other
way towards the Queen's Apartments.
441
00:33:14,926 --> 00:33:18,461
This is a great relief for Anne,
442
00:33:18,486 --> 00:33:21,231
and also a surprise.
443
00:33:22,686 --> 00:33:25,661
Perhaps it gives her
a glimmer of hope,
444
00:33:25,686 --> 00:33:29,431
that things might not be
quite as bad as she feared.
445
00:33:30,616 --> 00:33:35,431
But, on the other side of London,
in Henry's Whitehall Palace,
446
00:33:35,456 --> 00:33:38,381
something incredible
is cooking up.
447
00:33:40,095 --> 00:33:43,461
The case against Anne
is developing fast,
448
00:33:43,486 --> 00:33:46,740
and it's about to get much darker.
449
00:33:55,645 --> 00:34:00,981
So far, I know she's accused
of adultery with Mark Smeaton,
450
00:34:01,006 --> 00:34:03,151
Henry Norris,
451
00:34:03,176 --> 00:34:06,511
and a mysterious third man.
452
00:34:07,895 --> 00:34:09,591
But who is he?
453
00:34:09,616 --> 00:34:13,870
Rumours are circulating
that this third man is,
454
00:34:13,895 --> 00:34:18,711
in fact her own brother,
George Boleyn.
455
00:34:18,736 --> 00:34:23,870
George has heard the rumour,
and, as yet, is unaware.
456
00:34:23,895 --> 00:34:28,151
He races across London to here,
Whitehall Palace, which once stood
457
00:34:28,176 --> 00:34:29,620
where these buildings are now.
458
00:34:32,176 --> 00:34:35,461
He's come to see the king
to plead his innocence,
459
00:34:35,486 --> 00:34:38,690
clear his name,
and make a case for the Boleyns.
460
00:34:41,486 --> 00:34:45,620
But George's attempt to win
the king over is in vain.
461
00:34:49,965 --> 00:34:52,620
Cromwell has the king in lockdown
462
00:34:52,645 --> 00:34:56,541
so he can control
exactly what's going on.
463
00:34:57,765 --> 00:35:00,901
George has no chance of a meeting.
464
00:35:00,926 --> 00:35:06,511
Instead, he is arrested
on the spot and charged...
465
00:35:11,645 --> 00:35:13,261
...with incest.
466
00:35:13,286 --> 00:35:17,511
As if the charges of adultery
against Anne aren't enough,
467
00:35:17,536 --> 00:35:20,231
they've really stepped up a gear
with this claim.
468
00:35:23,006 --> 00:35:27,431
Cromwell's plot to destroy the queen
is all falling into place.
469
00:35:29,126 --> 00:35:34,461
Now he needs Anne under lock and key
while he plots his next move.
470
00:36:17,386 --> 00:36:21,411
Anne is under the watch of
the constable of the tower,
471
00:36:21,436 --> 00:36:23,441
Sir William Kingston.
472
00:36:23,466 --> 00:36:27,161
He leads her to
the Queen's apartments.
473
00:36:29,466 --> 00:36:32,481
Well, thanks to this detailed map
from the Tudor period, we know
474
00:36:32,506 --> 00:36:36,201
exactly where Anne's apartments
were - they were on that lawn,
475
00:36:36,226 --> 00:36:39,521
long since demolished,
but would have been very lavish.
476
00:36:39,546 --> 00:36:43,001
And they're certainly not
what Anne is expecting.
477
00:36:43,026 --> 00:36:45,720
And that must have just
added to her confusion.
478
00:36:45,745 --> 00:36:49,561
Why has she been brought here
and lodged still as queen?
479
00:36:49,586 --> 00:36:53,161
The Queen's Apartments,
together with a great hall,
480
00:36:53,186 --> 00:36:56,840
connected the White Tower
to the outer walls.
481
00:36:59,226 --> 00:37:04,081
Just three years ago,
Henry spent £3,500 -
482
00:37:04,106 --> 00:37:07,800
that's £1.5 million
in today's money -
483
00:37:07,825 --> 00:37:11,001
rebuilding them
for Anne's coronation.
484
00:37:13,386 --> 00:37:17,720
Inside, they are sumptuously
decorated and furnished.
485
00:37:32,466 --> 00:37:36,641
When Anne first sees her apartment,
she cries out...
486
00:37:36,666 --> 00:37:38,411
"lt is too good for me."
487
00:37:39,506 --> 00:37:41,771
Which seems an odd thing to say,
488
00:37:41,796 --> 00:37:44,361
given she's just protested
her innocence.
489
00:37:44,386 --> 00:37:46,771
Is this an admission of guilt,
490
00:37:46,796 --> 00:37:49,281
or is Anne trying to be clever,
491
00:37:49,306 --> 00:37:54,121
pretending to be humble,
in order to invite compassion?
492
00:37:55,666 --> 00:37:58,161
Kingston recalled that Anne...
493
00:37:58,186 --> 00:38:01,081
'..knelt down, weeping a good pace
494
00:38:01,106 --> 00:38:03,231
'and then fell into
great laughing, and...
495
00:38:04,796 --> 00:38:07,481
'..she has done so
many times since.'
496
00:38:09,146 --> 00:38:13,121
It's clear that Anne
is almost hysterical
497
00:38:13,146 --> 00:38:15,771
at the thought
of what might now happen.
498
00:38:17,825 --> 00:38:21,521
To make matters worse,
she's been appointed four ladies,
499
00:38:21,546 --> 00:38:24,840
whom she neither likes nor trusts.
500
00:38:24,865 --> 00:38:28,590
Incredibly, one of them
is her own aunt.
501
00:38:30,995 --> 00:38:36,161
Once again, family loyalty
counts for nothing with the Boleyns.
502
00:38:38,386 --> 00:38:43,201
Well, it's obvious that these ladies
have been placed there as spies
503
00:38:43,226 --> 00:38:47,641
by Cromwell - he knows
that the evidence he's gathered
504
00:38:47,666 --> 00:38:49,920
so far is not enough.
505
00:38:49,945 --> 00:38:52,050
He needs more.
506
00:38:53,536 --> 00:38:57,761
And he's hoping that while Anne
is here in the tower,
507
00:38:57,786 --> 00:39:01,081
she'll say something
to really incriminate herself.
508
00:39:05,386 --> 00:39:10,081
As Cromwell waits for incriminating
evidence from his spies,
509
00:39:10,106 --> 00:39:14,281
he plots the next move
from Austin Friars.
510
00:39:19,466 --> 00:39:22,201
He has the queen under lock and key.
511
00:39:23,896 --> 00:39:25,720
But what next?
512
00:39:26,945 --> 00:39:30,840
Cromwell can't risk a repeat
performance of Henry's split
513
00:39:30,865 --> 00:39:33,001
from Catherine of Aragon.
514
00:39:33,026 --> 00:39:35,050
She'd refused to go quietly,
515
00:39:35,075 --> 00:39:38,331
and had caused a great deal
of trouble for the king.
516
00:39:40,825 --> 00:39:44,361
Even after the annulment,
most people in Britain
517
00:39:44,386 --> 00:39:47,840
still see Catherine
as the true queen,
518
00:39:47,865 --> 00:39:50,081
but not everyone does -
519
00:39:50,106 --> 00:39:53,761
Anne is a good deal
less popular than Catherine,
520
00:39:53,786 --> 00:39:56,511
but she's not without
powerful supporters,
521
00:39:56,536 --> 00:40:00,231
who might make trouble
if Henry tries to divorce her.
522
00:40:02,666 --> 00:40:07,201
So Cromwell knows he needs
to get rid of them, and fast.
523
00:40:09,945 --> 00:40:13,121
He's already imprisoned
three of her allies -
524
00:40:13,146 --> 00:40:15,281
Sir Henry Norris,
525
00:40:15,306 --> 00:40:17,481
musician Mark Smeaton,
526
00:40:17,506 --> 00:40:19,050
and a third man...
527
00:40:20,536 --> 00:40:25,081
...who has turned out to be
her brother, George Boleyn -
528
00:40:25,106 --> 00:40:29,511
all accused of
adultery with the queen.
529
00:40:29,536 --> 00:40:34,761
Across London, Cromwell's trap
is closing in on Anne,
530
00:40:34,786 --> 00:40:37,481
and anyone who can help her.
531
00:40:40,075 --> 00:40:44,121
Now he must prepare
for the trial of the century,
532
00:40:44,146 --> 00:40:46,840
in which he'll bring down
these supporters
533
00:40:46,865 --> 00:40:49,050
and the queen of England herself.
534
00:40:54,995 --> 00:40:58,481
Just a stone's throw away
from Cromwell's base
535
00:40:58,506 --> 00:41:01,561
at Austin Friars
at the Tower of London,
536
00:41:01,586 --> 00:41:06,001
Anne Boleyn prepares for her
first night as a prisoner.
537
00:41:12,536 --> 00:41:14,970
Her mood is darkening.
538
00:41:14,995 --> 00:41:17,761
Kingston pays her a visit.
539
00:41:19,536 --> 00:41:24,720
Anne insists on her innocence
to Kingston. She protests...
540
00:41:24,745 --> 00:41:27,800
"l am the king's true wedded wife."
541
00:41:29,426 --> 00:41:35,050
And then she asks, "Mr Kingston,
do you know wherefore I am here?"
542
00:41:35,075 --> 00:41:38,251
And he replies, "No."
543
00:41:38,276 --> 00:41:41,561
Whether he does know or not
is a different matter.
544
00:41:43,075 --> 00:41:48,081
In desperation, Anne demands to know
where her supporters are,
545
00:41:48,106 --> 00:41:50,401
in particular her father.
546
00:41:50,426 --> 00:41:53,481
The truth is her father, Thomas,
has abandoned her
547
00:41:53,506 --> 00:41:56,611
in order to save his own skin.
548
00:41:59,226 --> 00:42:03,761
Across the city in Whitehall,
the king retires for the night.
549
00:42:03,786 --> 00:42:06,970
His wife imprisoned, he is alone.
550
00:42:12,636 --> 00:42:15,281
As the events of the day
draw to a close,
551
00:42:15,306 --> 00:42:19,720
Cromwell sends a message
to the king here at Whitehall.
552
00:42:19,745 --> 00:42:23,121
The message updates the king
with the allegations
553
00:42:23,146 --> 00:42:25,361
against his wife.
554
00:42:25,386 --> 00:42:28,720
When the king reads it,
he's utterly distraught.
555
00:42:30,666 --> 00:42:32,790
An eyewitness tells us...
556
00:42:32,815 --> 00:42:35,691
'..the king begins to weep.'
557
00:42:36,896 --> 00:42:38,790
Were the tears genuine,
558
00:42:38,815 --> 00:42:41,281
was Henry just putting on a show,
559
00:42:41,306 --> 00:42:43,720
or did he truly love Anne?
560
00:42:45,786 --> 00:42:50,401
I think it more likely that Henry
was feeling sorry for himself,
561
00:42:50,426 --> 00:42:54,281
that the woman whom he'd raised
to be Queen of England
562
00:42:54,306 --> 00:42:55,790
had betrayed him.
563
00:43:01,945 --> 00:43:06,201
At the Tower, Anne is settling
in for the first night
564
00:43:06,226 --> 00:43:09,441
away from her husband,
as a prisoner.
565
00:43:14,146 --> 00:43:19,691
The Tower is a place full of
foreboding, particularly at night,
566
00:43:19,716 --> 00:43:22,691
and I can only imagine what Anne
must have been feeling
567
00:43:22,716 --> 00:43:25,361
during her first night
as a prisoner here,
568
00:43:25,386 --> 00:43:29,761
desperately wanting to know
what fate lay ahead for her.
569
00:43:32,176 --> 00:43:34,720
Well, there is a letter in existence
570
00:43:34,745 --> 00:43:39,691
that said to have been written
by Anne to her husband, the King.
571
00:43:39,716 --> 00:43:42,401
In it, she writes,
572
00:43:42,426 --> 00:43:46,251
"Try me, good King,
but let me have a lawful trial,
573
00:43:46,276 --> 00:43:50,681
"and let not my sworn enemies
sit as my accusers and judges
574
00:43:50,706 --> 00:43:54,151
"for my truth shall fear
no open shame."
575
00:43:57,065 --> 00:43:59,970
Anne is asking for a fair trial,
576
00:43:59,995 --> 00:44:02,401
but is that what she's going to get?
577
00:44:10,576 --> 00:44:11,860
Next time...
578
00:44:13,146 --> 00:44:19,561
...my investigation moves forward
to the events of 15th May, 1536.
579
00:44:19,586 --> 00:44:21,761
This is Anne's trial.
580
00:44:21,786 --> 00:44:26,151
I'll follow the day of Anne
Boleyn's trial, moment by moment.
581
00:44:26,176 --> 00:44:31,081
I want to find out if she stands
any chance of a fair hearing,
582
00:44:31,106 --> 00:44:33,790
or is her fate sealed
from the beginning?
583
00:44:33,815 --> 00:44:36,970
Can Anne possibly save herself?
48957
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