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00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:10,840
Narrator: OF THE 7 BILLION
HUMANS ON EARTH,
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00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,960
JUST A FEW HUNDRED OF US
HAVE SEEN THIS VIEW.
3
00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:22,360
BUT NOW, A NEW GOLDEN AGE OF
SPACE TRAVEL IS DAWNING.
4
00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:25,840
Man: 3,2,1,0
5
00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:31,560
Narrator: AT ANY MOMENT, THERE
ARE THREE ASTRONAUTS
6
00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:34,360
ABOVE US ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
7
00:00:36,720 --> 00:00:38,960
Man: INITIATING THE
CAPSULE, STANDING BY
8
00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:43,960
Narrator: ...OVER A THOUSAND
SATELLITES IN ORBIT,
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00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:49,640
AND OVER 30 PROBES CHARTING NEW
CORNERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
10
00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:52,840
AND THE SPACE RACE
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00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:56,200
ISN'T JUST BETWEEN
GOVERNMENTS ANYMORE.
12
00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:00,160
PRIVATE COMPANIES RUN BY
SOME OF THE WORLD'S
13
00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:05,720
MOST SUCCESSFUL BILLIONAIRES
ARE TAKING OVER.
14
00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:09,720
THEY WANT TO SEND US TO
SPACE AS TOURISTS.
15
00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:12,360
Richard Branson: HAVE YOU EVER
SEEN ANYTHING SO SEXY?
16
00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:15,520
Narrator: LAUNCH HEAVY
INDUSTRY INTO ORBIT
17
00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:18,280
Jeff Bezos: IT IS A STEP TOWARDS
A SPACEFARING CIVILIZATION.
18
00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:21,800
Narrator: AND EVEN COLONIZE
ANOTHER PLANET.
19
00:01:21,840 --> 00:01:24,840
Robert Zubrin: OUR ENVIRONMENT
IS NOT JUST THE EARTH -
20
00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:27,000
OUR ENVIRONMENT IS
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
21
00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:31,040
THESE MEN BELIEVE THEY CAN
RADICALLY TRANSFORM OUR FUTURE -
22
00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:34,360
AND MAKE MONEY DOING IT.
23
00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:37,160
CAN THEY SUCCEED IN
THEIR AMBITIOUS PLANS?
24
00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:40,680
AND COULD WE BE ON THE
CUSP OF BECOMING
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00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:45,200
A TRULY SPACEFARING
CIVILIZATION?
26
00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:49,000
Man: 3,2,1 ZERO
27
00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:53,320
♪
28
00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:06,240
Narrator: MOJAVE, CALIFORNIA.
29
00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:10,800
A DUSTY DESERT TOWN TWO AND A
HALF HOURS OUTSIDE OF LA.
30
00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:15,960
IT'S CLEAR, UN-CROWDED
SKIES MAKE IT PERFECT
31
00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,120
FOR TESTING THE WORLD'S MOST
REVOLUTIONARY AIRPLANES
32
00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:27,040
IT'S BEEN HOME TO A LONG LINE
OF AVIATION FIRSTS -
33
00:02:27,080 --> 00:02:31,800
LIKE CHUCK YEAGER BREAKING THE
SOUND BARRIER IN 1947.
34
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:34,360
Man: THERE SHE GOES,
35
00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,400
A BIG MOMENT IN A
HISTORY MAKING FLIGHT.
36
00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:42,080
NOW SHE'S APPROACHING
THE SPEED OF SOUND,
37
00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:44,720
Narrator: TODAY, IT'S STILL
A PLACE SYNONYMOUS
38
00:02:44,760 --> 00:02:47,920
WITH CUTTING EDGE AVIATION.
39
00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:52,720
PRIVATE COMPANIES HAVE COME
HERE. AND THEY'RE RUN
40
00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:57,240
BY BILLIONAIRES WITH A NEW
VISION OF SPACE TRAVEL.
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00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:00,840
Branson: TOGETHER, WE CAN
MAKE SPACE ACCESSIBLE
42
00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:05,160
IN A WAY THAT HAS ONLY BEEN
DREAMT OF BEFORE NOW.
43
00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:08,360
Narrator: THESE BILLIONAIRES ARE
CHASING A DREAM OF CHEAP
44
00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:12,200
REUSABLE SHIPS THEY CAN USE
TO MAKE SPACE AFFORDABLE,
45
00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:15,080
AND TURN A PROFIT
46
00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:18,520
Bezos: IF WE STOP THROWING AWAY
THE VEHICLES AFTER EVERY USE-
47
00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:19,880
Brian Cox: YEAH.
48
00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:22,080
Bezos: AND IF WE HAVE GENUINE
OPERATIONAL REUSABILITY
49
00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:26,440
THE COSTS CAN COME DOWN BY AN
ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OR MORE.
50
00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,000
Narrator: OF COURSE -
"CHEAP" AND "SPACECRAFT"
51
00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:32,720
AREN'T WORDS THAT NORMALLY
GO TOGETHER WELL.
52
00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:36,320
AND SOME OF THE EARLY
ATTEMPTS HERE IN THE 1990S
53
00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:38,680
DIDN'T INSPIRE CONFIDENCE
54
00:03:38,720 --> 00:03:42,720
BUT THE NEW GENERATION
LOOKS VERY DIFFERENT.
55
00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:46,240
RICHARD BRANSON'S
VIRGIN GALACTIC
56
00:03:46,280 --> 00:03:49,760
IS WORKING ON A NEW
DESIGN HERE IN MOJAVE.
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00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:54,160
THEIR GOAL IS TO TAKE AN
ENTIRELY NEW GROUP OF PEOPLE
58
00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:58,280
TO SPACE: TOURISTS.
59
00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:03,680
VIRGIN GALACTIC HAVE SOLD
OVER 700 ADVANCED TICKETS
60
00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:08,480
TO WHAT THE COMPANY CALL
THEIR 'FUTURE ASTRONAUTS.'
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00:04:08,520 --> 00:04:15,040
THE COST: $250,000 PER TRIP.
62
00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:18,240
Enrico Palermo: WE WANTED
TO MEET HERE TO,
63
00:04:18,280 --> 00:04:20,320
TO SHOW YOU SOMETHING
PRETTY SPECIAL,
64
00:04:20,360 --> 00:04:23,320
WE ARE PREPARING FOR A FLIGHT
AS YOU KNOW ON THURSDAY
65
00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:25,440
AND WE'RE PRETTY, PRETTY
EXCITED BY THAT.
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00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:28,080
Narrator: TONIGHT, THESE
FUTURE ASTRONAUTS HAVE BEEN
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00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:30,280
INVITED TO GET AN
EXCLUSIVE GLIMPSE
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00:04:30,320 --> 00:04:33,000
OF THE SPACECRAFT OF THE FUTURE
69
00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:35,400
Clare: SO TONIGHT, WE'RE GOING
TO SEE WHAT IS INSIDE,
70
00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:37,000
BEHIND THESE GREAT
BIG HANGAR DOORS.
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00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:43,560
[APPLAUSE]
72
00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:46,320
Narrator: IT'S CALLED
SPACESHIP TWO.
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00:04:46,360 --> 00:04:52,160
BUILT LARGELY FROM CARBON FIBRE,
IT WEIGHS IN AT 20,000 POUNDS.
74
00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:55,760
IT'S HYBRID ROCKET ENGINE WILL
POWER IT TO SPEEDS OF OVER
75
00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,720
TWO AND A HALF THOUSAND
MILES AN HOUR
76
00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:02,760
IT RELIES ON A MOTHER
SHIP TO CARRY IT
77
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:05,600
TO AN ALTITUDE OF 50,000 FT.
78
00:05:05,640 --> 00:05:09,040
THEN, RELEASED FROM THE
LARGER AIRPLANE,
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00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:12,960
ITS ROCKET ENGINE WILL TAKE OVER
AND CARRY UP TO SIX PASSENGERS
80
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:17,600
TO THE EDGE OF SPACE
AT OVER 60 MILES UP.
81
00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:20,800
EXPERIENCING AROUND 5 MINUTES
OF WEIGHTLESSNESS,
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00:05:20,840 --> 00:05:23,600
THE ASTRONAUTS WILL BE ABLE
TO SEE THE CURVATURE
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00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:27,360
OF THE EARTH BELOW AND THE
BLACKNESS OF SPACE ABOVE.
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00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:36,160
Palermo: SO WE'RE GONNA PASS
OUT SOME CHAMPAGNE,
85
00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:37,960
WE'LL HAVE A TOAST TO UNITY.
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00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:41,240
Clare: THANK YOU FOR BEING
FANTASTIC FUTURE ASTRONAUTS,
87
00:05:41,280 --> 00:05:44,600
FOR SUPPORTING US ALL THE TIME
AND BEING WONDERFUL. SO CHEERS
88
00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:45,720
[CHEERS]
89
00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:47,720
Narrator: EARLY CUSTOMERS
EXPECTED TO FLY
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00:05:47,760 --> 00:05:50,360
TO SPACE BACK IN 2010.
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00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:52,560
Maureen Deanan: HI EVERYONE, MY
NAME IS MAUREEN DEANAN,
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00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:55,720
I SIGNED UP TO BE A
FUTURE ASTRONAUT
93
00:05:55,760 --> 00:06:00,440
IN 2006 BEFORE, THIS
ONE CAME ALONG.
94
00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:02,080
Narrator: THEY'RE STILL WAITING.
95
00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:07,200
Alan Mark: I'M ALAN MARK, I HAD
NO INTEREST IN SPACE AT ALL, HI.
96
00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:09,040
[LAUGHTER]
97
00:06:09,080 --> 00:06:12,000
AND THEN I HEARD HOW FAST
THIS IS GONNA GO.
98
00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:15,280
AND THAT'S WHAT GOT ME,
I LOVE FAST..
99
00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:19,480
Narrator: SPEED IS ALSO THE KEY
TO MAKING SPACE TOURISM
100
00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:22,080
A PROFITABLE BUSINESS.
101
00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:23,320
YOU HAVE TO GET THE SPACESHIP
102
00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:25,280
READY FOR ITS NEXT
FLIGHT QUICKLY
103
00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:28,360
ANOTHER MOJAVE COMPANY, XCOR,
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00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:33,120
IS TACKLING THIS CHALLENGE WHILE
DEVELOPING ITS LYNX SPACECRAFT.
105
00:06:46,600 --> 00:06:53,000
THEY BELIEVE THE KEY LIES IN THE
DESIGN OF THEIR ROCKET ENGINE.
106
00:06:56,520 --> 00:06:58,320
Jeremy Voigt: WE USE
PISTON PUMPS
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00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:01,400
TO POWER OUR ROCKET ENGINES,
THEY'RE VERY RELIABLE,
108
00:07:01,440 --> 00:07:04,600
ALL THE RELIABILITY THAT'S BUILT
INTO YOUR CAR AND MOTORCYCLES,
109
00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:06,720
AND ANYTHING THAT USES A PISTON
ENGINE IS BAKED INTO THESE.
110
00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:10,280
THEY'RE VERY EASY TO
WORK ON YOU KNOW
111
00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:13,920
I CAN TAKE A COUPLE OF BOLTS OFF
AND PULL IT OPEN AND HAVE ACCESS
112
00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:17,320
TO THE GUTS TO MESS AROUND AND I
CAN ACTUALLY MAKE MODIFICATIONS
113
00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:19,040
IN THE FIELD AND THEN
KEEP TESTING,
114
00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:21,600
OR GO BACK TO ANOTHER FLIGHT.
115
00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:26,040
Narrator: REUSABILITY AND
RELIABILITY ARE THE KEY.
116
00:07:26,080 --> 00:07:27,840
Voigt: AND THE WAY THIS
SYSTEM IS MEANT TO WORK
117
00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:31,760
IS YOU HAVE A PAIR OF PISTON
PUMPS POWERING TWO CHAMBERS -
118
00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:36,920
SO IF I LOSE A ROCKET ENGINE
I STILL HAVE THREE MORE ENGINES,
119
00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:40,160
IF I LOSE A PUMP I HAVE ANOTHER
SET OF PUMPS ON THE OTHER SIDE
120
00:07:40,200 --> 00:07:43,280
POWERING TWO MORE ENGINES. I'M
NOT GOING TO SPACE THAT DAY
121
00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:44,760
BUT I'M COMING HOME
SAFE AND THAT'S,
122
00:07:44,800 --> 00:07:46,440
THAT'S REALLY WHAT'S IMPORTANT.
123
00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:49,440
OUR ENGINES ARE DESIGNED TO
LAST FOR 5,000 CYCLES
124
00:07:49,480 --> 00:07:52,000
AND WHEN YOU'RE THINKING
ABOUT THINGS IN KIND OF
125
00:07:52,040 --> 00:07:52,920
THE CAR ENGINE MODE THAT,
126
00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:54,520
THAT DOESN'T SEEM THAT UNUSUAL
127
00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:58,680
BUT WHEN YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT
ROCKETS, THAT'S CRAZY.
128
00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:06,280
Man: FIVE, FOUR,
THREE, TWO, ARM!
129
00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:17,280
Narrator: THIS PLANE AIMS TO FLY
TO THE EDGE OF SPACE
130
00:08:17,320 --> 00:08:19,040
DIRECTLY FROM THE RUNWAY -
131
00:08:19,080 --> 00:08:22,600
WITHOUT THE NEED FOR A
SEPARATE MOTHER SHIP.
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00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:23,880
Erik Anderson: WE
REALIZED THAT,
133
00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:25,320
IF THE ROCKET PROPULSION WAS
A LITTLE BIT BETTER
134
00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:27,480
WE DON'T HAVE TO GO TO THE
TROUBLE OF, OF BUYING
135
00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:30,240
OR RENTING OR SOMEHOW
OBTAINING A LARGE AIRCRAFT,
136
00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:32,280
WE CAN TAKE OFF FROM THE RUNWAY
137
00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:34,440
AND THAT DOES HAVE LARGE
OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGES FOR US,
138
00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:37,160
WE DON'T HAVE TO, WE DON'T HAVE
TO CO-ORDINATE MULTIPLE AIRCRAFT
139
00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:40,200
SO WE, WE JUST HAVE THE ONE
AND IT, IT, WE CAN SHOW UP
140
00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:42,320
AND WE CAN OPERATE IT AND WE
DON'T HAVE TO RE-MATE IT,
141
00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:45,800
IT BECAUSE WE JUST REFUEL IT AND
GO AGAIN THAT'S KEY TO
142
00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:47,800
REUSING THE VEHICLE
SEVERAL TIMES A DAY
143
00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:51,080
AND MAKES US MUCH
MORE OPERABLE.
144
00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:53,720
Narrator: XCOR'S SPACESHIP,
145
00:08:53,760 --> 00:08:58,280
THE LYNX, IS STILL A LONG
WAY FROM COMPLETION.
146
00:09:02,480 --> 00:09:04,080
BUT BACK AT VIRGIN GALACTIC,
147
00:09:04,120 --> 00:09:07,600
SPACESHIP TWO IS READY FOR
FLIGHT TESTING.
148
00:09:07,640 --> 00:09:11,680
RICHARD BRANSON HAS ARRIVED TO
SEE THE LATEST TEST FOR HIMSELF.
149
00:09:11,720 --> 00:09:14,480
Branson: MORNING, MORNING,
150
00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:18,120
MORNING, MORNING,
MORNING, MORNING.
151
00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:22,040
Narrator: VIRGIN GALACTIC
HAS SPENT WELL OVER 600
152
00:09:22,080 --> 00:09:25,840
MILLION DOLLARS, TRYING TO MAKE
COMMERCIAL TRIPS TO SPACE
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00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:28,280
A REALITY.
154
00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:34,000
Branson: HAVE YOU EVER
SEEN ANYTHING SO SEXY?
155
00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:37,800
Narrator: TWO MORE SPACESHIPS
ARE ALREADY BEING BUILT ON SITE.
156
00:09:37,840 --> 00:09:41,040
THE START OF A FLEET TO MAKE
REGULAR TOURIST FLIGHTS
157
00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:42,760
TO SPACE.
158
00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:48,360
[APPLAUSE]
159
00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:52,200
Branson: IT'S SUCH AN EXCITING
TIME TO BE BACK WITH YOU
160
00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:55,240
AND THIS YEAR IS THE
CULMINATION I THINK OF,
161
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,400
OF 10 YEARS HARD WORK.
162
00:09:57,440 --> 00:09:59,440
WE ALL HAVE TO PINCH
OURSELVES, WE'RE BUILDING,
163
00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:00,920
WE'RE A SPACESHIP COMPANY,
164
00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:02,320
WE'RE BUILDING NOT JUST ONE
SPACESHIP BUT ANOTHER SPACESHIP
165
00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:03,520
AND ANOTHER SPACESHIP,
166
00:10:03,560 --> 00:10:06,920
I MEAN IT'S, IT'S JUST
RIDICULOUSLY EXCITING.
167
00:10:06,960 --> 00:10:08,960
Narrator: THE PILOT FOR
SPACESHIP TWO'S TEST FLIGHT
168
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:11,320
IS DAVE MACKAY.
169
00:10:11,360 --> 00:10:13,680
Dave Mackay: FOLLOW ME.
170
00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:18,280
SO YOU'RE NOW IN THE
CAPTAIN'S SEAT.
171
00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:20,800
THIS IS A MANUAL FLIGHT
CONTROL VEHICLE SO RODS,
172
00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:22,840
CABLES CONNECTING THE
FLIGHT CONTROLS
173
00:10:22,880 --> 00:10:25,280
TO THE ACTUAL SURFACES
ON THE WING.
174
00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:28,320
ONE OF THE BEAUTIES OF THIS
VEHICLE IS THAT I CAN HAVE
175
00:10:28,360 --> 00:10:30,000
A TOTAL ELECTRICAL FAILURE
176
00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:34,080
SO I CAN LOSE ALL OF THIS
AND WE CAN STILL FLY
177
00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:36,440
THE RECOVERY AND WE CAN JUST
LOOK OUT THE WINDOW LIKE ANY
178
00:10:36,480 --> 00:10:39,480
OTHER AEROPLANE AND FLY AND
APPROACH AND LANDING.
179
00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:41,320
AND THE NEXT THING I
WANT TO POINT OUT IS
180
00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:42,840
THE FIELD OF VIEW
181
00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:45,040
OR THE WINDOWS, THEY MAY LOOK
FAIRLY SMALL FROM THE OUTSIDE
182
00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:46,840
BUT YOUR HEAD'S ACTUALLY QUITE
CLOSE TO THOSE WINDOWS
183
00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:48,920
AND THEN WE'VE GOT THIS
ADDITIONAL WINDOW UP HERE
184
00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:53,240
AS WELL SO WHEN WE'RE UP
IN SPACE YOU KNOW
185
00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:56,440
WE CAN BE MANOEUVRING TO ALL
SORTS OF UNUSUAL LATITUDES
186
00:10:56,480 --> 00:10:58,760
SO TYPICALLY ONCE WE'RE UP IN
SPACE WE'RE GOING TO
187
00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:02,480
FLIP THE VEHICLE OVER ONTO ITS
BACK AND THEN, SO YOU CAN
188
00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:06,040
SEE THE HORIZON COMING UP
THROUGH THIS WINDOW HERE.
189
00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:11,320
Narrator: SPACESHIPS TWO'S
HULL IS BUILT USING
190
00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:15,400
THE LATEST TECHNIQUES IN
CARBON FIBER CONSTRUCTION
191
00:11:15,440 --> 00:11:17,520
Palermo: THIS IS R&D - YOU
KNOW NO ONES HAS DONE
192
00:11:17,560 --> 00:11:19,200
WHAT WE'RE DOING BEFORE
AND SO IT'S BEEN
193
00:11:19,240 --> 00:11:21,280
A COMPLEX TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
194
00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:24,320
AND WERE REALLY NOW ROUNDING
THE CORNER IN THE SENSE
195
00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:27,920
THAT WE HAVE AN AIRCRAFT DESIGN
WE'RE VERY COMFORTABLE WITH,
196
00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:30,920
AND WE HAVE THE CONFIDENCE NOW
TO REALLY GET INTO PRODUCTION.
197
00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:33,440
WE HAVE STARTED THE SECOND
AND THIRD SPACESHIP
198
00:11:33,480 --> 00:11:35,120
THAT WILL GO INTO SERVICE.
199
00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:37,920
Narrator: THE SPACESHIP MUST
BE LIGHT AS POSSIBLE.
200
00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:41,520
BUT ALSO INCREDIBLY STRONG TO
REPEATEDLY RE-ENTER
201
00:11:41,560 --> 00:11:44,560
THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
202
00:11:44,600 --> 00:11:48,080
WINDOWS ARE A POTENTIAL
WEAK POINT.
203
00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:52,000
BUT SPACE TOURISTS ARE
PAYING FOR THE VIEW.
204
00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:53,680
Adam Wells: SO THIS IS
A WINDOW FRAME
205
00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:57,200
THAT WE HAVEN'T PUT IN TO ONE OF
OUR NEW SPACE CRAFT YET.
206
00:11:57,240 --> 00:11:59,000
SO THAT'S THE MAIN WINDOW -
THAT'S THE SIZE OF IT -
207
00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:01,280
IN A WEIGHTLESS ENVIRONMENT
YOU ACTUALLY NEED
208
00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:03,800
TO CONTROL THE WAY YOU ARE
RELATIVE TO THE WINDOW,
209
00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:05,240
AND HOLD YOURSELF UP TO IT.
210
00:12:05,280 --> 00:12:08,200
SO THERE WILL BE A LITTLE
FINGER-GRAB AROUND THE WINDOW
211
00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:11,920
THAT YOU ONLY NEED JUST A LITTLE
BIT. YOUR FIRST KNUCKLE ALMOST,
212
00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:13,360
TO BE ABLE TO GET AROUND.
213
00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:16,880
AND THAT'S ENOUGH TO HOLD
YOURSELF UP AGAINST THAT WINDOW.
214
00:12:17,480 --> 00:12:18,840
Narrator: BUILDING A
COMMERCIAL SPACESHIP
215
00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:23,400
IS PUSHING THE ENVELOPE OF
ENGINEERING CAPABILITIES.
216
00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:28,680
IN 2014, A SHOCKING INCIDENT
SHOWED JUST HOW DIFFICULT
217
00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:30,960
ROCKET SCIENCE IS
218
00:12:34,560 --> 00:12:37,200
Narrator: VIRGIN GALACTIC'S
SPACECRAFT FOR TOURISTS, CALLED
219
00:12:37,240 --> 00:12:38,480
SPACESHIP TWO
220
00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:41,000
IS ALMOST COMPLETED
221
00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:46,240
BUT THE COMPANY HAS
BEEN HERE BEFORE.
222
00:12:46,280 --> 00:12:50,280
IN 2010, THE AEROSPACE COMPANY
WHICH DESIGNED AND BUILT
223
00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:54,840
THE FIRST SPACESHIP TWO BEGAN
ITS TEST FLIGHT PROGRAM.
224
00:12:56,040 --> 00:13:01,360
IT PROGRESSED FROM SIMPLE GLIDE
FLIGHTS TO ROCKET POWERED TESTS
225
00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:12,360
AND RAISING THE UNIQUE TAIL
STABILIZATION SYSTEM.
226
00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:23,320
ALL WAS PROGRESSING WELL. BUT
DURING THE LAST POWERED TEST,
227
00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:26,960
ON OCTOBER 31, 2014,
228
00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:30,040
THE CONTROL SYSTEM ALLOWED THE
CO-PILOT TO RELEASE THE TAIL
229
00:13:30,080 --> 00:13:34,520
TOO EARLY IN THE FLIGHT.
230
00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:38,680
WITHIN SECONDS, THE
SPACECRAFT DISINTEGRATED.
231
00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:44,280
THE LEAD PILOT WAS THROWN
CLEAR OF THE COCKPIT
232
00:13:44,320 --> 00:13:47,600
AND MANAGED TO PARACHUTE
TO SAFETY.
233
00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:53,960
BUT THE CO-PILOT WAS KILLED.
234
00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:56,320
George Whitesides:
OUR PRIMARY THOUGHTS
235
00:13:56,360 --> 00:14:00,720
AT THIS MOMENT ARE WITH
THE CREW AND FAMILY
236
00:14:00,760 --> 00:14:06,080
AND WE'RE DOING EVERYTHING
WE CAN FOR THEM NOW.
237
00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:08,000
Branson: WE'VE
ALWAYS KNOWN THAT
238
00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:12,280
COMMERCIAL SPACE TRAVEL IS AN
INCREDIBLY HARD PROJECT,
239
00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:13,600
WE'VE BEEN UNDERTAKING
A COMPREHENSIVE
240
00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:16,080
TESTING PROGRAM FOR MANY YEARS
241
00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:20,200
AND SAFETY HAS ALWAYS BEEN
OUR NUMBER ONE PRIORITY.
242
00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:22,680
WE DO UNDERSTAND
THE RISKS INVOLVED
243
00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:25,960
AND WE'RE NOT GOING TO PUSH
ON BLINDLY, TO DO SO
244
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:30,080
WOULD BE AN INSULT TO ALL THOSE
AFFECTED BY THIS TRAGEDY.
245
00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:33,160
WE'RE GOING TO LEARN
FROM WHAT WENT WRONG,
246
00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:36,560
DISCOVER HOW WE CAN IMPROVE
SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE
247
00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:40,360
AND THEN MOVE FORWARDS TOGETHER.
248
00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:43,960
Narrator: VIRGIN GALACTIC
HAVE SINCE TAKEN OVER
249
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:48,000
THE ENTIRE PROJECT.
250
00:14:48,040 --> 00:14:51,400
OVER TWO YEARS AFTER THE
CRASH, THE NEW SPACESHIP TWO
251
00:14:51,440 --> 00:14:55,720
IS NOW WORKING THROUGH IT'S
INITIAL FLIGHT TEST PROGRAM.
252
00:14:55,760 --> 00:14:58,560
THE ROCKET ENGINE THAT WILL
BLAST THE SHIP INTO SPACE
253
00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:00,640
HASN'T BEEN ATTACHED YET.
254
00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:05,240
INSTEAD, THE REAR SECTION
CONTAINS WATER AS BALLAST.
255
00:15:09,320 --> 00:15:12,240
TODAY, DAVE MCKAY AND HIS
CO-PILOT WILL CHECK
256
00:15:12,280 --> 00:15:15,280
HOW THE CRAFT HANDLES WHILE
GLIDING FROM ITS MOTHER SHIP
257
00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:16,760
BACK TO EARTH.
258
00:15:18,760 --> 00:15:21,560
VIRGIN GALACTIC STAFF
AND THEIR FAMILIES
259
00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:23,200
HAVE TURNED OUT TO WATCH.
260
00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:27,480
AS HAVE SOME OF THE
FUTURE ASTRONAUTS.
261
00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:30,520
David Perez: MY DATE THAT I
ALWAYS THOUGHT WOULD BE
262
00:15:30,560 --> 00:15:34,320
NO LONGER THAN 2010
OR YOU KNOW
263
00:15:34,360 --> 00:15:36,680
SO NOW I'M LOOKING AT 2018 SO...
264
00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:38,360
MY LUCKY NUMBER'S 18.
265
00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:40,080
AND I JUST WANT IT TO BE
SAFE, I WANT IT,
266
00:15:40,120 --> 00:15:42,480
TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE'S ENOUGH
LAUNCHES PRIOR TO MINE.
267
00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:44,280
Alan Mark: MY WIFE
SAID, YOU'RE WHAT?
268
00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:46,960
I SAID HONEY I HAVE TO DO THIS.
269
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:49,840
IT WILL BE MAYBE THAT I GET TO
USE AN AMERICAN EXPRESS CARD
270
00:15:49,880 --> 00:15:54,800
TO DO THE MOST EXCITING THING IN
MY LIFE. THAT'S AWESOME.
271
00:15:55,560 --> 00:15:59,080
Narrator: THE MOTHER SHIP BEGINS
ITS CLIMB TO 50,000 FEET.
272
00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:04,200
Woman: OH MY GOD
SHE'S ALREADY UP.
273
00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:09,360
[APPLAUSE]
274
00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:12,000
Narrator: ONCE ITS JOB IS DONE,
275
00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:14,800
THE MOTHER SHIP'S PILOTS WILL
FLY IT BACK TO BASE
276
00:16:14,840 --> 00:16:17,960
TO BE REUNITED WITH
THE SPACESHIP.
277
00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:22,360
Branson: BECAUSE OF WHAT
HAPPENED A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO
278
00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:24,480
I THINK YOU KNOW WHEN YOU'RE
GOING THROUGH A TEST PROGRAM
279
00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:26,920
IT'D BE VERY STRANGE NOT
TO HAVE NERVES AND
280
00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:30,040
I'M SURE THAT YOU KNOW I'VE JUST
BEEN UP WITH ALL THE FAMILIES
281
00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:32,600
AND ALL THE, ALL THEIR CHILDREN
AND THEY WOULDN'T BE HUMAN
282
00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,240
IF THEY DIDN'T HAVE A LITTLE
BIT OF, SOME NERVES.
283
00:16:35,280 --> 00:16:38,280
YEAH I'M NERVOUS WITH
THEM BUT IN THE END
284
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:40,320
YOU CAN ONLY TEST THESE
THINGS IN THE AIR
285
00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:42,320
AND SEE HOW THEY WORK.
286
00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:48,280
Narrator: THE MOTHER SHIP HAS
REACHED THE DROP ALTITUDE.
287
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:53,840
IN SPACESHIP TWO, CHIEF PILOT
DAVE PREPARES TO BE RELEASED
288
00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:56,240
FOR THE GLIDE BACK TO EARTH.
289
00:16:57,320 --> 00:17:01,240
Man: THREE, TWO, ONE.
290
00:17:05,560 --> 00:17:10,360
Man: THERE IT GOES,
THERE IT GOES
291
00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:15,280
IT'S TO THE RIGHT -
I CAN SEE IT -
292
00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:27,280
Narrator: SPACESHIP TWO PROVES
ITS GLIDING ABILITY -
293
00:17:27,320 --> 00:17:28,800
Man: WELL DONE.
294
00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:30,560
Narrator: BUT THE REAL
TEST WILL BE WHETHER
295
00:17:30,600 --> 00:17:33,920
THE ROCKET POWERED FLIGHTS - DUE
TO START IN A FEW MONTHS -
296
00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:36,960
CAN TAKE IT SAFELY TO SPACE.
297
00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:45,280
MOJAVE IS JUST ONE PART OF
BRANSON'S VISION
298
00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:48,240
FOR SPACE TOURISM.
299
00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:54,480
THE FULL SCALE OF HIS DREAM IS
JUST A SHORT FLIGHT AWAY
300
00:17:55,720 --> 00:17:57,400
Branson: MANY, MANY,
MANY YEARS AGO,
301
00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:01,520
PRESIDENT GORBECHEV INVITED ME
TO BE THE FIRST CIVILIAN TO GO
302
00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:06,080
IN TO SPACE, AND FOR A NUMBER OF
REASONS I SAID NO APART FROM,
303
00:18:06,120 --> 00:18:08,920
APART FROM WHEN I FOUND OUT HOW
MUCH IT WAS GONNA COST,
304
00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:12,480
AND I ALWAYS REGRETTED THAT. AND
THEN I THINK ONE DAY I THOUGHT
305
00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:15,160
SCREW THIS AND I WENT DOWN TO
THE REGISTRY OFFICE
306
00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:18,680
AND I REGISTERED THE NAME
VIRGIN GALACTIC AIRWAYS.
307
00:18:18,720 --> 00:18:20,000
ACTUALLY I WAS QUITE AMBITIOUS,
308
00:18:20,040 --> 00:18:22,440
I REGISTERED VIRGIN
INTERGALACTIC AIRWAYS AS WELL
309
00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:24,320
AT THE SAME TIME.
310
00:18:24,360 --> 00:18:25,440
Narrator: RICHARD'S AMBITION
311
00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:29,360
IS FOR MANY MORE PEOPLE
TO GO TO SPACE.
312
00:18:29,400 --> 00:18:30,560
Branson: THERE'S A
WONDERFUL BOOK CALLED
313
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,680
THE OVERVIEW EFFECT WHICH
IS AN INTERVIEW -
314
00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:37,400
INTERVIEWS WITH MANY OF THE
ASTRONAUTS WHO'VE BEEN
315
00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:39,040
IN TO SPACE AND COME BACK,
316
00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:41,680
AND HOW IT'S COMPLETELY
TRANSFORMED THEM.
317
00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:45,080
AND YET THERE ARE ONLY
500 ASTRONAUTS
318
00:18:45,120 --> 00:18:49,680
IN THE HISTORY OF SPACE TRAVEL
SO, YOU KNOW, IF WE - IF WE CAN
319
00:18:49,720 --> 00:18:53,480
BE PUTTING 500, 1,000
PEOPLE UP A YEAR,
320
00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:55,240
WHICH I THINK ONE DAY WE CAN -
321
00:18:55,280 --> 00:19:00,280
AND THESE PEOPLE, YOU KNOW
WITH THIS ARMY OF ASTRONAUTS
322
00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:03,200
CAN COME BACK DETERMINED TO YOU
KNOW MAKE A DIFFERENCE
323
00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:05,600
TO THIS BEAUTIFUL
EARTH THAT WE LIVE ON.
324
00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:08,360
Narrator: RICHARD'S VISION FOR
THE FUTURE IS HERE -
325
00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:10,200
IN NEW MEXICO.
326
00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:12,320
Branson: OH HERE SHE COMES.
327
00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:15,400
Narrator: SPACEPORT AMERICA
328
00:19:15,440 --> 00:19:18,880
- THE WORLD'S FIRST
COMMERCIAL SPACEPORT.
329
00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:23,320
IT WAS DESIGNED BY BRITISH
ARCHITECT NORMAN FOSTER,
330
00:19:23,360 --> 00:19:27,600
AND COST OVER 200 MILLION
DOLLARS TO BUILD.
331
00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:34,360
THE CLEAR SKIES ABOVE THE
NEW MEXICO DESERT
332
00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:39,280
OFFERS THE IDEAL PLACE
TO ACCESS SPACE.
333
00:19:40,720 --> 00:19:43,480
BUT FOR NOW, THE
BUILDING IS EMPTY.
334
00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,320
NONE OF THE SPACESHIPS
ARE READY.
335
00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:57,360
VIRGIN GALACTIC IS THE
FACILITY'S LEAD TENANT
336
00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:03,240
THEY PLAN TO MAKE DAILY
FLIGHTS TO SPACE FROM HERE.
337
00:20:03,960 --> 00:20:07,360
Branson: OUR DREAM IS THAT WE'LL
HAVE 2 MOTHER SHIPS HERE
338
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:11,280
ENABLING SOME THOUSANDS OF
PEOPLE PER YEAR TO GO TO SPACE.
339
00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:15,240
Narrator: FOR FUTURE
ASTRONAUTS,
340
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:18,320
REACHING THIS SPACEPORT WILL
BE THE BEGINNING OF
341
00:20:18,360 --> 00:20:22,280
AN ADVENTURE OF A LIFETIME.
342
00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:26,200
Branson: WE'RE GONNA GIVE
PEOPLE A TASTE OF SPACE
343
00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:30,320
AND FROM THERE YOU KNOW WE'LL,
WE'LL BE ABLE TO SEND PEOPLE
344
00:20:30,360 --> 00:20:32,840
INTO ORBIT, I HOPE IN OUR
LIFETIMES YOU KNOW
345
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,600
WE'LL HAVE A VIRGIN HOTEL JUST
FLOATING JUST OFF THE MOON.
346
00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:38,000
ONE'S GOT TO FANTASIZE AND
DREAM ABOUT THESE THINGS
347
00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:40,080
AND THEN YOU JUST SAY TO THE
ENGINEERS YOU KNOW
348
00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:42,440
PLEASE HELP US TURN THESE
DREAMS INTO REALITY.
349
00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:45,600
SOME OF THESE DREAMS WILL
NEVER BECOME REALITY
350
00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:48,160
YOU KNOW SOME, SOME
WILL BECOME REALITY
351
00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:52,640
BUT IF YOU DON'T DREAM, NOTHING,
NOTHING, NOTHING PROGRESSES.
352
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:55,360
Narrator: AND TOURISM IS
JUST THE BEGINNING
353
00:20:55,400 --> 00:21:01,280
OF THE SPACE BILLIONAIRE'S
DREAM FOR OUR FUTURE IN SPACE.
354
00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:08,680
Narrator: THE NEW SPACE
BILLIONAIRES SEE TOURISM
355
00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:13,800
AS A STEPPING STONE TO AN EVEN
BOLDER FUTURE IN SPACE.
356
00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:16,760
RICHARD BRANSON PLANS
TO SLASH THE COST
357
00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,960
OF LAUNCHING SMALL SATELLITES.
358
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:23,400
MICROSOFT BILLIONAIRE PAUL ALLEN
HAS JUST ROLLED OUT
359
00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:29,520
THE WORLD'S LARGEST PLANE - WITH
A 385 FOOT WINGSPAN.
360
00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:31,440
IT'S DESIGNED TO
LAUNCH SATELLITES
361
00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:34,720
INTO ORBIT IN MID-AIR.
362
00:21:35,600 --> 00:21:38,360
BUT THERE'S ANOTHER TECH MOGUL
SPENDING A BILLION DOLLARS
363
00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:43,760
OF HIS OWN MONEY A YEAR ON
AN EVEN GRANDER VISION.
364
00:21:43,800 --> 00:21:46,040
Jeff Bezos: YOU KNOW I COME
BY THE SPACE BUG HONESTLY.
365
00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:52,040
AS A KID, I WAS INSPIRED BY THE
GIANT SATURN FIVE MISSIONS
366
00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:55,640
THAT ROARED TO LIFE FROM
THESE VERY SHORES.
367
00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:58,720
Narrator: JEFF BEZOS HAS BECOME
THE SECOND RICHEST MAN
368
00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:03,240
IN THE WORLD THOUGH HIS CANNY
ABILITY TO READ THE FUTURE.
369
00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:08,680
BACK IN 1994, HE RECOGNIZED THE
POTENTIAL OF THE INTERNET
370
00:22:08,720 --> 00:22:12,720
AND STARTED AN ONLINE SALES
COMPANY IN HIS GARAGE.
371
00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:18,520
IT'S NOW THE BASIS OF HIS 80
BILLION DOLLAR FORTUNE.
372
00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:21,000
AMAZON.COM
373
00:22:23,960 --> 00:22:26,440
IN SEATTLE, JUST DOWN THE
ROAD FROM AMAZON,
374
00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:30,000
BEZOS HAS STARTED HIS OWN
SPACE ROCKET COMPANY.
375
00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:34,760
IT'S CALLED BLUE ORIGIN, AFTER
THE COLOR OF OUR HOME PLANET.
376
00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:38,400
Bezos: WE NEED A DYNAMIC
ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPLOSION
377
00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:42,080
IN SPACE, JUST AS I'VE WITNESSED
OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS
378
00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:44,400
ON THE INTERNET,
THOUSANDS OF COMPANIES
379
00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:46,320
AND TENS OF THOUSANDS
OF START-UPS
380
00:22:46,360 --> 00:22:49,440
AND DOING INTERESTING
THINGS ONLINE.
381
00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:52,320
THE REASON THAT COULD HAPPEN IS
BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T HAVE
382
00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:54,480
TO DO THE HEAVY LIFTING
INFRASTRUCTURE,
383
00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:57,080
THE HEAVY LIFTING INFRASTRUCTURE
WAS ALREADY IN PLACE.
384
00:22:57,120 --> 00:22:58,600
20 YEARS AGO I WAS
DRIVING THE PACKAGES
385
00:22:58,640 --> 00:23:02,440
TO THE POST OFFICE MYSELF
AND I DIDN'T HAVE TO
386
00:23:02,480 --> 00:23:06,280
BUILD THE INTERNET, THAT ALREADY
EXISTED, I DIDN'T HAVE TO
387
00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:09,200
FIGURE OUT HOW TO
TRANSPORT PARCELS,
388
00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:12,320
THERE WAS THE POSTAL SERVICE,
AND SO ON AND SO ON. SO THAT,
389
00:23:12,360 --> 00:23:14,520
WHEN HEAVY INFRASTRUCTURE
IS ALREADY IN PLACE,
390
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:18,760
THEN THE CREATIVITY OF THOUSANDS
OF PEOPLE CAN BE UNLEASHED.
391
00:23:18,800 --> 00:23:22,800
RIGHT NOW THE PRICE OF THE
ADMISSION IS JUST SO HIGH
392
00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:25,600
THAT NOT VERY MANY PEOPLE GET TO
EXERCISE THEIR CREATIVITY
393
00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:27,240
IN THE DOMAIN OF SPACE.
394
00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:32,760
Narrator: BEZOS' BLUE ORIGIN IS
DEVELOPING A VERTICAL ROCKET
395
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:36,480
WITH A PASSENGER CARRYING
CAPSULE ON TOP.
396
00:23:37,480 --> 00:23:40,160
LIKE VIRGIN GALACTIC, IT HOPES
TO START TAKING UP
397
00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:43,720
SPACE TOURISTS NEXT YEAR.
398
00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:48,320
LANDING ROCKETS IS A MIGHTY
ENGINEERING CHALLENGE.
399
00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:52,520
BUT THEY CAN BE SCALED UP TO
SEND LARGER PAYLOADS
400
00:23:52,560 --> 00:23:56,280
DEEPER INTO SPACE.
401
00:23:56,320 --> 00:23:59,160
Bezos: ONE OF THE BIG
PROBLEMS WITH LOWERING
402
00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:01,560
THE COST OF SPACE LAUNCH TODAY
403
00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:03,360
IS THAT WE JUST DON'T
GET ENOUGH PRACTICE.
404
00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:07,240
THE MOST USED LAUNCH
VEHICLES FLY, YOU KNOW
405
00:24:07,280 --> 00:24:09,280
IN A GOOD YEAR MAYBE 10
OR 12 TIMES A YEAR
406
00:24:09,320 --> 00:24:11,480
AND YOU JUST NEVER GET TRULY
GREAT AT ANYTHING
407
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:13,600
YOU ONLY DO 10 OR
12 TIMES A YEAR.
408
00:24:13,640 --> 00:24:16,960
SO, ONE OF THE GREAT
THINGS ABOUT TOURISM
409
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,400
IS IT COULD PROVIDE
ADDITIONAL LAUNCHES
410
00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:21,840
TO DRIVE UP THE RATE
OF PRACTICE.
411
00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:26,520
Bezos: YOU'RE GONNA SEE THE
LANDING GEAR DEPLOY.
412
00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:29,480
Narrator: FOR THE FIRST
TIME IN HISTORY,
413
00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:31,040
ROCKET BOOSTERS LIKE THIS
414
00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:35,280
ARE BEING DESIGNED TO BE
REUSED MULTIPLE TIMES.
415
00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:40,200
Bezos: THIS IS THE AFT SECTION
OF THE NEW SHEPHERD VEHICLE.
416
00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:44,520
SO THIS SECTION OF THE
VEHICLE GETS MOUNTED
417
00:24:44,560 --> 00:24:48,520
ONTO THE MIDSECTION.
418
00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:51,320
Bezos: WHEN YOU LOOK
AT THE PRECISION
419
00:24:51,360 --> 00:24:54,280
OF THIS AEROSPACE QUALITY
HARDWARE AND EVEN,
420
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:57,360
IT'S OBVIOUSLY VERY
WASTEFUL JUST FINANCIALLY
421
00:24:57,400 --> 00:25:00,000
BUT IT'S ALSO HEART BREAKING
TO PUT SO MUCH WORK
422
00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:04,000
INTO SOMETHING AND THEN ONLY
USE IT ONCE. [LAUGHS].
423
00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:08,560
Man: AND LIFT OFF
424
00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:10,680
Narrator: DEVELOPING
THEIR ROCKET
425
00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:14,240
HAS ALREADY BEEN USEFUL
PRACTICE FOR BLUE ORIGIN.
426
00:25:16,360 --> 00:25:19,360
Man: BOOSTERS NOW
250,000 FEET.
427
00:25:21,400 --> 00:25:24,920
Narrator: IN 2015, THEY MADE A
GROUND BREAKING STEP
428
00:25:24,960 --> 00:25:28,040
TOWARDS REUSABILITY BY
SUCCESSFULLY LANDING
429
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:31,280
A SPACE ROCKET BACK ON ITS TAIL.
430
00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:35,280
[CHEERS]
431
00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:39,320
BUT WHAT IS ALL THIS
PRACTICE FOR?
432
00:25:39,360 --> 00:25:43,080
BLUE ORIGIN HAS STARTED
WORK BUILDING A ROCKET
433
00:25:43,120 --> 00:25:48,280
THAT'S MORE POWERFUL THAN
ANYTHING FLYING TODAY.
434
00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:50,360
THE NEW GLENN.
435
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:56,680
IT WILL BE CAPABLE OF CARRYING A
PAYLOAD OF 45 TONS INTO ORBIT,
436
00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:59,720
AND THE COMPANY ALREADY HAS A
CONTRACT TO DELIVER SATELLITES -
437
00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:03,240
MOST IMPORTANT, THIS ROCKET
438
00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:07,320
HAS THE MUSCLE TO BEGIN
DELIVERING JEFF'S GRAND VISION.
439
00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:09,920
Bezos: IT IS A STEP TOWARDS A
SPACEFARING CIVILIZATION.
440
00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,160
WE HAVE SENT ROBOTIC PROBES
NOW TO EVERY PLANET
441
00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:16,440
IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND WE KNOW
WITHOUT ANY SHADOW OF A DOUBT,
442
00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:20,520
THAT EARTH IS THE BEST ONE, THIS
IS THE BEST PLANET [LAUGHS].
443
00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:24,320
AND WE NEED TO PROTECT
IT AND THE ONLY WAY
444
00:26:24,360 --> 00:26:27,400
TO REALLY PROTECT IT IS TO
EVENTUALLY YOU KNOW
445
00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:29,360
MOVE HEAVY INDUSTRY OFF EARTH
446
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:31,680
AND EARTH CAN BE
EFFECTIVELY ZONED,
447
00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:34,800
YOU KNOW RESIDENTIAL
AND LIGHT INDUSTRY.
448
00:26:34,840 --> 00:26:36,360
Bezos: REALLY IF YOU
THINK ABOUT SPACE,
449
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,040
IT'S A MUCH BETTER PLACE TO
DO HEAVY MANUFACTURING.
450
00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:41,960
IN SPACE, YOU HAVE
24/7 SOLAR POWER
451
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:45,040
AND RESOURCES IN SPACE
ARE MUCH VASTER
452
00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:46,840
IN TERMS OF MINERAL
RESOURCES AND SO ON
453
00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:49,760
AND EVERY KIND OF ELEMENT THAT
YOU NEED IS AVAILABLE IN SPACE
454
00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:51,800
IN VERY LARGE QUANTITIES AND SO
455
00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:53,680
OVER THE NEXT COUPLE
OF HUNDRED YEARS
456
00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:56,600
THAT WILL ALLOW US TO BOTH
CONTINUE TO HAVE A DYNAMIC,
457
00:26:56,640 --> 00:27:01,280
EXPANDING, GROWING, THRIVING,
INTERESTING CIVILIZATION
458
00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:04,840
BUT WHILE STILL PROTECTING THIS
PLANET THAT WE EVOLVED ON
459
00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:08,360
WHICH IS THIS JEWEL, THIS
DIAMOND OF A PLANET.
460
00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:13,800
Narrator: THIS MAY SOUND LIKE A
HUGELY AMBITIOUS VISION.
461
00:27:13,840 --> 00:27:17,880
BUT THE ERA OF INDUSTRY IN
SPACE HAS ALREADY BEGUN.
462
00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:22,600
OVER A THOUSAND SATELLITES
CIRCLE ABOVE US
463
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:28,800
PROVIDING EVERYTHING FROM LAND
USE DATA TO TV BROADCASTS.
464
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:31,720
AND WITH COMPANIES LIKE
BLUE ORIGIN PROMISING
465
00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:34,080
MORE AFFORDABLE ACCESS TO SPACE,
466
00:27:34,120 --> 00:27:36,280
THERE ARE ALREADY
START UP BUSINESSES
467
00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:38,240
LOOKING TO CAPITALIZE.
468
00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:41,400
Man: WHAT WILL TOMORROW
LOOK LIKE?
469
00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:46,400
OUR WORLD IS AT ITS LIMITS AND
YET WE ALL WANT MORE.
470
00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:47,720
AND WHY NOT?
471
00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:51,320
WHY SHOULDN'T THE FUTURE BE
BRIGHTER THAN TODAY?
472
00:27:51,360 --> 00:27:56,160
OUR TINY PLANET SITS IN A
VAST SEA OF RESOURCES.
473
00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:01,560
IT'S TIME SOMEONE SEIZED
THE OPPORTUNITY.
474
00:28:01,600 --> 00:28:03,440
DEEP SPACE INDUSTRIES.
475
00:28:03,480 --> 00:28:07,160
Rick Tumlinson: OUR BUSINESS
PLAN FOR DEEP SPACE,
476
00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:10,040
IS BASED ON THE FACT THAT IT'S
EXPENSIVE TO GO INTO SPACE
477
00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:12,520
SO WE LOOK AT
TELECOM SATELLITES,
478
00:28:12,560 --> 00:28:14,040
TELECOMMUNICATION SATELLITES,
479
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:16,720
BUT THESE, THESE ARE BILLION
DOLLAR SPACE CRAFT.
480
00:28:16,760 --> 00:28:20,720
NOW THEY HAVE A NEED TO BE ABLE
TO KEEP THEM UP THERE
481
00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:24,240
AS LONG AS POSSIBLE SO
WHAT ABOUT TUG BOATS?
482
00:28:24,280 --> 00:28:27,000
WHAT ABOUT REFUELLING
THEM, YOU KNOW?
483
00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:29,200
WHAT ABOUT BEING
ABLE TO MOVE THEM
484
00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:31,600
FROM ONE ORBIT TO ANOTHER?
485
00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:32,600
AND DOING THINGS LIKE THAT.
486
00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:33,840
THESE ARE THE KINDS
OF ACTIVITIES
487
00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:35,040
WE'RE STARTING TO
LOOK AT RIGHT NOW
488
00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:37,800
AND THERE ARE REAL
COMPANIES WORKING ON THIS,
489
00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:42,160
OUR COMPANY'S ONE OF THEM BUT
THERE ARE OTHERS AS WELL.
490
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:43,480
Man: ALRIGHT WE'RE ENTERING
OUR CLEAN ROOM,
491
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:46,520
AND WE HAVE TWO SPACE CRAFT
WE'RE BUILDING HERE,
492
00:28:46,560 --> 00:28:48,760
THE ARKYD 6 SATELLITES.
493
00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:50,400
Narrator: ONE OF THESE
OTHER COMPANIES
494
00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:52,440
IS PLANETARY RESOURCES.
495
00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:54,680
IT'S BACKED BY SILICON
VALLEY BILLIONAIRES,
496
00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:58,480
INCLUDING GOOGLE'S LARRY PAGE
AND ERIC SCHMIDT.
497
00:28:58,520 --> 00:29:01,000
Man: THIS SATELLITE ACTUALLY IS
GOING TO BE THE VERY FIRST
498
00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:05,160
COMMERCIAL SATELLITE TO TEST
THIS TYPE OF SENSOR IN SPACE.
499
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:07,080
Narrator: IN A FEW YEARS,
500
00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:09,320
A SATELLITE CARRYING
THESE COMPONENTS
501
00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:11,040
WILL BE IN OUTER SPACE...
502
00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:15,320
PROSPECTING FOR THE GOLD
RUSH OF THE FUTURE
503
00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:19,520
Chris Lewiki: THIS IS THE
GEOLOGIST THAT WE'LL SEND OUT
504
00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:22,560
TO THE FUTURE MINE SITE ON A
NEAR EARTH ASTEROID.
505
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:25,080
WE'RE ACTUALLY TESTING OUT
ALL OF THESE PIECES.
506
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:27,480
THE REACTION WHEEL TECHNOLOGY
THAT POINTS US,
507
00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:31,000
THE STAR TRACKERS THAT LET US
KNOW WHERE WE'RE POINTED AT.
508
00:29:31,040 --> 00:29:33,040
THE SENSORS THAT WE USE
509
00:29:33,080 --> 00:29:35,480
TO DETECT THE MATERIALS
IN THE ASTEROID.
510
00:29:36,120 --> 00:29:39,160
Narrator: ASTEROIDS ARE
THE ROCKY LEFTOVERS
511
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:42,280
FROM THE BIRTH OF
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.
512
00:29:42,320 --> 00:29:45,280
THERE ARE MILLIONS OF THEM
RANGING FROM A FEW FEET,
513
00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:48,000
TO HUNDREDS OF MILES ACROSS.
514
00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:51,320
IT'S LIKELY THAT MANY CONTAIN
LARGE QUANTITIES OF PLATINUM
515
00:29:51,360 --> 00:29:53,560
AND OTHER VALUABLE METALS.
516
00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:57,920
Lewiki: THE METALLIC ASTEROIDS
REALLY ARE GONNA BE STOCK
517
00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:02,440
THAT WE WILL BUILD OUT ALL
THE INFRASTRUCTURE IN SPACE,
518
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,160
BUILD A SPACE STATION, A
HABITAT, START MANUFACTURING,
519
00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:08,240
BEING ABLE TO, YOU KNOW,
MAKE MORE SPACE SHIPS.
520
00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:10,320
IF WE LOOKED AT ALL THE
METAL ON THE ASTEROIDS
521
00:30:10,360 --> 00:30:11,480
IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM,
522
00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:13,480
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
ENOUGH METAL TO BUILD
523
00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:17,160
AN 8000 STORY TALL SKY
SCRAPER THAT WOULD COVER
524
00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:19,440
THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.
525
00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:23,280
SO THAT'S A VERY VERY
BIG BUILDING INDEED.
526
00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:27,480
Narrator: MINING IN SPACE IS
AN AMBITIOUS IDEA
527
00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:29,840
WITH POTENTIALLY HUGE REWARDS.
528
00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:34,520
BUT ANOTHER SPACE BILLIONAIRE
HAS EVEN BIGGER PLANS
529
00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:37,800
- TO COLONIZE ANOTHER PLANET.
530
00:30:40,960 --> 00:30:43,440
Narrator: IF YOU THINK SPACE
MINING SOUNDS AMBITIOUS,
531
00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:45,600
THERE'S ANOTHER
BILLIONAIRE ENTREPRENEUR
532
00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:49,640
WITH AN EVEN BIGGER VISION OF
OUR SPACEFARING FUTURE.
533
00:30:50,320 --> 00:30:52,720
AND A MUCH MORE
AGGRESSIVE DEADLINE.
534
00:30:55,600 --> 00:30:57,440
ELON MUSK MADE HIS FORTUNE
535
00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:00,800
SETTING UP THE ONLINE
PAYMENT COMPANY PAYPAL.
536
00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:05,680
SINCE THEN HE'S BECOME
STEADILY MORE AMBITIOUS,
537
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:07,960
FROM HIS RADICAL SHAKE UP
OF THE CAR MARKET
538
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:09,920
WITH HIS ELECTRIC TESLA CARS
539
00:31:09,960 --> 00:31:13,600
TO BUILDING THE WORLD'S
LARGEST FACTORY IN NEVADA
540
00:31:13,640 --> 00:31:15,760
WHICH WILL ALMOST DOUBLE
THE WORLD SUPPLY
541
00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:19,360
OF LITHIUM ION BATTERIES.
542
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:22,320
NOW HE WANTS TO TAKE US TO SPACE
543
00:31:22,360 --> 00:31:26,000
WITH HIS COMPANY SPACE X.
544
00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:28,560
Man: THREE, TWO, ONE.
545
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:30,480
Woman: THAT IS THAT
FIRST STAGE
546
00:31:30,520 --> 00:31:34,360
COMING BACK DOWN TO LAND
AT CAPE CANAVERAL.
547
00:31:34,400 --> 00:31:36,760
Narrator: OF ALL THE NEW
COMMERCIAL SPACE COMPANIES,
548
00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:40,280
SPACE X MAY BE THE
FASTEST MOVING
549
00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:45,240
Tim Urban: WHAT SPACE X DOES
NOW, THE WAY THEY PAY THE BILLS,
550
00:31:45,280 --> 00:31:46,320
WHICH IS NOT THEIR
LONG TERM GOAL,
551
00:31:46,360 --> 00:31:47,600
IT'S JUST THE WAY THEY
PAY THEIR BILLS
552
00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:49,320
AND THE WAY ON THEIR WAY TO
THE LONG TERM GOAL
553
00:31:49,360 --> 00:31:52,280
IS THEY JUST DELIVER
STUFF TO SPACE.
554
00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:55,360
Narrator: FOUNDED IN 2002,
555
00:31:55,400 --> 00:31:59,480
THEY'VE HAD THEIR FAIR
SHARE OF FAILURES...
556
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:07,440
MOST RECENTLY WHEN A
ROCKET EXPLODED
557
00:32:07,480 --> 00:32:10,760
DURING A LAUNCH PAD
TEST IN 2016.
558
00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:20,160
BUT THEY HAVE SUCCEEDED
IN DEVELOPING
559
00:32:20,200 --> 00:32:24,360
A REUSABLE ROCKET SYSTEM THAT
CAN PUT SATELLITES INTO ORBIT.
560
00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:26,920
AND A CAPSULE THAT CAN DOCK
561
00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:29,240
WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION...
562
00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:34,280
...TO DELIVER NASA'S CARGO, AND
SOON THEIR ASTRONAUTS TOO.
563
00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:37,280
Man: ... LOOKS LIKE WE GOT US
A TAGGART BY THE TAIL
564
00:32:37,320 --> 00:32:40,760
Narrator: BUT THAT'S JUST THE
BEGINNING OF SPACE X'S PLANS.
565
00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:43,560
Urban: SO THERE'S WHAT
SPACE X DOES
566
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:45,480
AND THEN THERE'S WHAT
IT REALLY DOES.
567
00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:50,800
Elon Musk: WHAT I
REALLY WANNA TRY TO
568
00:32:50,840 --> 00:32:53,840
ACHIEVE HERE IS TO MAKE
MARS SEEM POSSIBLE,
569
00:32:53,880 --> 00:32:56,320
MAKE IT SEEMS AS THOUGH
IT'S SOMETHING THAT
570
00:32:56,360 --> 00:32:58,160
WE CAN DO IN OUR LIFETIMES.
571
00:32:58,200 --> 00:33:03,200
Urban: NOW WHAT IT REALLY DOES
IS IT INNOVATES TO TRY
572
00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:05,320
TO REVOLUTIONIZE THE
COST OF SPACE TRAVEL
573
00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:07,800
IN ORDER TO MAKE HUMANITY
A SPACEFARING,
574
00:33:07,840 --> 00:33:10,960
MULTI-PLANETARY CIVILIZATION IN
ORDER TO BUILD LIFE INSURANCE
575
00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:14,400
FOR THE SPECIES AND BRING US
TO ANOTHER LEVEL AS A SPECIES.
576
00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:16,880
THAT'S WHAT IT REALLY
DOES, THE BIG PICTURE.
577
00:33:17,520 --> 00:33:20,080
Musk: ONE PATH IS WE
STAY ON EARTH FOREVER
578
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:22,800
AND THEN THERE WILL BE SOME
EVENTUAL EXTINCTION EVENT
579
00:33:22,840 --> 00:33:26,720
AND I DON'T HAVE AN IMMEDIATE
DOOMSDAY PROPHECY BUT THERE'S,
580
00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:30,040
IT'S, EVENTUALLY HISTORY
SUGGESTS THERE WILL BE SOME,
581
00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:32,040
SOME DOOMSDAY EVENT.
582
00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:37,600
Narrator: MUSK BELIEVES THAT AN
EVENT LIKE AN ASTEROID STRIKE
583
00:33:37,640 --> 00:33:42,200
OR A WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIC WILL ONE
DAY THREATEN OUR SURVIVAL.
584
00:33:44,880 --> 00:33:47,160
Musk: THE ALTERNATIVE
IS TO BECOME
585
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:50,440
A SPACEFARING CIVILIZATION AND
MULTI-PLANET SPECIES -
586
00:33:50,480 --> 00:33:53,600
WHICH I HOPE YOU AGREE, THAT
IS THE RIGHT WAY TO GO.
587
00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:56,840
Narrator: THE ULTIMATE AIM
OF HIS ROCKET COMPANY
588
00:33:56,880 --> 00:34:01,560
IS TO HELP ESTABLISH A COLONY OF
A MILLION HUMANS ON MARS.
589
00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:06,800
A BACK UP PLAN FOR OUR SPECIES.
590
00:34:08,960 --> 00:34:12,960
SPACE X IS ALREADY MAKING
DELIVERIES TO EARTH ORBIT,
591
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:18,280
BUT ITS MARS TECHNOLOGY IS
STILL IN ITS EARLY STAGES.
592
00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:27,400
Musk: THERE'S A HUGE AMOUNT OF
RISK, IT'S GOING TO COST A LOT,
593
00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:32,320
A GOOD CHANCE WE DON'T SUCCEED.
BUT WE'RE GOING TO DO OUR BEST.
594
00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:36,280
Narrator: IN FACT THERE'S
ONLY ONE ORGANIZATION
595
00:34:36,320 --> 00:34:40,320
THAT HAS SUCCEEDED IN LANDING
AND OPERATING ON MARS.
596
00:34:40,360 --> 00:34:42,000
NASA.
597
00:34:43,720 --> 00:34:46,080
THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
IS RESPONSIBLE
598
00:34:46,120 --> 00:34:49,520
FOR ALL OF NASA'S UNMANNED
SPACECRAFT AND ROBOTS
599
00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:51,080
BEYOND THE EARTH'S ORBIT.
600
00:34:54,320 --> 00:34:59,000
IN 2012, JPL TOUCHED DOWN THE
CURIOSITY ROVER ON MARS
601
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:01,480
USING A REVOLUTIONARY
NEW TECHNIQUE.
602
00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:13,280
Charles Elachi: NOW, ON MARS
IT'S A LITTLE BIT EASIER,
603
00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:17,600
BECAUSE IT'S, THE GRAVITY IS
ONE THIRD BUT ALSO
604
00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:19,560
MARS BRING A DIFFERENT
CHALLENGE BECAUSE IT'S
605
00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:21,840
A VERY THIN ATMOSPHERE.
606
00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:24,160
ON MARS YOU NEED THE PARACHUTE
607
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:28,000
AND THEN WE NEED TO DO
THE RETRO ROCKET...
608
00:35:31,480 --> 00:35:36,240
TO SLOW US EVEN FURTHER AND THEN
IT EFFECTIVELY HOVERS.
609
00:35:39,360 --> 00:35:41,760
AND THEN WE DO THE SKY CRANE ...
610
00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:44,760
SLOWLY LAND THE ROVER
ON THE SURFACE.
611
00:35:50,760 --> 00:35:53,280
Narrator: SINCE THE LANDING,
JPL'S MARS ROVERS
612
00:35:53,320 --> 00:35:57,080
HAVE SENT BACK INVALUABLE DATA
ON THE PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE
613
00:35:57,120 --> 00:35:58,560
AND GEOLOGY.
614
00:36:01,480 --> 00:36:05,440
MOST SIGNIFICANTLY, IT CONFIRMED
THAT THERE'S ICE ON MARS.
615
00:36:05,480 --> 00:36:07,800
THIS MEANS WATER WOULD
BE AVAILABLE
616
00:36:07,840 --> 00:36:10,120
TO SUPPORT A FUTURE COLONY.
617
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:17,040
TO PERFECT THE ROVER'S MANEUVERS
618
00:36:17,080 --> 00:36:19,360
BEFORE BEAMING
INSTRUCTIONS TO MARS,
619
00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:26,440
JPL PRACTICE WITH CURIOSITY'S
IDENTICAL TWIN.
620
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:28,200
Elachi: HERE IS A ROBOT, THEY
ARE GETTING MORE
621
00:36:28,240 --> 00:36:29,320
AND MORE INTELLIGENT.
622
00:36:29,360 --> 00:36:31,960
YOU CAN TAKE MORE RISK
WITH THESE ROVERS,
623
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:34,240
YOU CAN GO, GO TO
MORE HAZARDOUS AREA
624
00:36:34,280 --> 00:36:37,240
THAT YOU WOULDN'T SEND
YOU KNOW HUMAN TO THEM.
625
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:39,800
Narrator: THE INFORMATION
THE ROBOTS SEND BACK
626
00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:44,520
WILL HELP NASA PREPARE THEIR
PLANS TO SEND HUMANS TO MARS
627
00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:47,320
Elachi: WE KNOW WHAT IT TAKES
TO LAND ON MARS, YOU KNOW
628
00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:50,200
BECAUSE HERE AT JPL WE LANDED
THE LAST FOUR MISSIONS
629
00:36:50,240 --> 00:36:53,440
SUCCESSFULLY, IT'S NOT EASY,
IT'S VERY CHALLENGING
630
00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:55,760
AND THEN WHEN YOU MOVE
TO THE HUMAN IT ADDS
631
00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:58,400
ADDITIONAL CHALLENGE
OF THE LONG TRAVEL,
632
00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:01,080
I MEAN YOU ARE TALKING
ABOUT EVEN, I MEAN
633
00:37:01,120 --> 00:37:03,920
WITH TODAY'S TECHNOLOGY, ABOUT
TWO YEARS AROUND TRIP.
634
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:07,040
Elachi: IN THE EARTH ORBIT FOR
THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
635
00:37:07,080 --> 00:37:09,440
CAN DO MOST OF THE THINGS YOU
KNOW IN EARTH ORBIT
636
00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:10,760
AND WE RELY ON THEM.
637
00:37:10,800 --> 00:37:14,080
THE NEXT STEP IS GOING TO BE
ASTEROIDS AND THE MOON
638
00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:17,280
AND I THINK WE'RE ALMOST THERE
FOR THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
639
00:37:17,320 --> 00:37:19,440
TO BE ABLE TO, STEP BY STEP.
640
00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:22,480
GOING TO MARS IS STILL
A BIG CHALLENGE.
641
00:37:24,640 --> 00:37:26,400
Narrator: NASA'S CURRENT
TIMELINE SUGGESTS
642
00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:30,480
MANNED MARS MISSIONS
IN THE 2030S.
643
00:37:30,520 --> 00:37:35,360
ELON MUSK'S TARGET IS TO SEND
PEOPLE IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS
644
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:42,360
COULD COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
REALLY BEAT NASA TO IT?
645
00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:46,480
Narrator: ELON MUSK'S DREAM OF
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ON MARS
646
00:37:46,520 --> 00:37:49,960
WAS PARTLY INSPIRED BY PRESIDENT
OF THE MARS SOCIETY
647
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:53,360
AND MAVERICK INVENTOR
ROBERT ZUBRIN.
648
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:55,760
Robert Zubrin:
OK SO HERE'S MY LAB
649
00:37:55,800 --> 00:38:01,160
THIS MACHINE HERE IS ONE OF
THE MOST IMPORTANT,
650
00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:04,960
THIS IS FOR MAKING ROCKET FUEL
AND OXYGEN ON MARS
651
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,280
OUT OF THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE.
652
00:38:07,320 --> 00:38:14,560
THIS IS - MY INVENTION FOR
CLEANING CLOTHES IN SPACE,
653
00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:18,320
I CALL IT THE VACUUM CLEANER, IT
SUCKS OUT ALL THE AIR,
654
00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:21,320
IT BOILS OFF ALL THE WATER
AND ALL THE OILS,
655
00:38:21,360 --> 00:38:23,160
IT EXPLODES ALL THE BACTERIA,
656
00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:26,040
THEY'RE DEAD, THE
STUFF IS CLEAN.
657
00:38:26,080 --> 00:38:29,320
Narrator: ROBERT MAY BE AN
ECCENTRIC CHARACTER,
658
00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:32,520
BUT HE'S INFLUENCED THE THINKING
OF MANY IN COMMERCIAL
659
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:36,440
AND GOVERNMENT FUNDED
SPACE EXPLORATION.
660
00:38:36,480 --> 00:38:40,040
HE HAS A STRIPPED BACK, LIVE
OFF THE LAND APPROACH
661
00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:41,720
TO REACHING MARS.
662
00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:46,680
Zubrin: THIS IS A DEPICTION
OF MY MISSION PLAN
663
00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:48,320
FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION TO MARS
664
00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:51,440
WHICH IS KNOWN AS THE
MARS DIRECT PLAN.
665
00:38:51,480 --> 00:38:53,520
THERE'S NOTHING IN THIS THAT'S
FUNDAMENTALLY BEYOND
666
00:38:53,560 --> 00:38:54,680
OUR TECHNOLOGY.
667
00:38:54,720 --> 00:38:56,680
WE'RE NOT TALKING ABOUT
VENTURING INTO NEW
668
00:38:56,720 --> 00:38:58,440
AND UNKNOWN WORLDS
OF PHYSICS HERE.
669
00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:01,080
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT BRASS
TACKS ENGINEERING,
670
00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:05,680
BUILDING SYSTEMS OF MODERATE
SIZE, FLYING THEM TO MARS.
671
00:39:05,720 --> 00:39:10,440
WE DO NOT NEED GIANT BATTLESTAR
GALACTICA SPACESHIPS.
672
00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:16,720
IN THE YEAR 2000, WE KNEW
ABOUT PEOPLE LIKE ELON MUSK.
673
00:39:16,760 --> 00:39:19,320
THEY WERE CHARACTERS IN
SCIENCE FICTION STORIES
674
00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:22,240
OF THE ENTREPRENEUR WHO
WOULD COME ALONG
675
00:39:22,280 --> 00:39:24,040
AND MAKE THIS HAPPEN.
676
00:39:24,080 --> 00:39:28,360
WELL NOW THOSE CHARACTERS
HAVE STEPPED OUT
677
00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:30,280
OF SCIENCE FICTION NOVELS
678
00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:37,080
AND THEY ARE NOW IN THE REAL
WORLD DOING THIS STUFF.
679
00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:42,560
Narrator: COMMERCIAL
ENTERPRISES ARE ALREADY
680
00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:45,640
HELPING TO PREPARE
HUMANS FOR MARS.
681
00:39:47,200 --> 00:39:50,280
ELON MUSK HAS DONATED MONEY
TO THE MARS SOCIETY
682
00:39:50,320 --> 00:39:53,000
TO BUILD AN EXPERIMENT
IN THE UTAH DESERT.
683
00:39:57,240 --> 00:39:59,560
THE MARS DESERT RESEARCH
STATION WAS BUILT
684
00:39:59,600 --> 00:40:03,560
TO ALLOW RESEARCHERS TO SIMULATE
LIVING ON THE RED PLANET.
685
00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:07,840
IT'S CURRENTLY HOSTING A GROUP
OF YOUNG AEROSPACE ENGINEERS
686
00:40:07,880 --> 00:40:09,280
FROM FRANCE AND BELGIUM.
687
00:40:10,560 --> 00:40:12,440
Louis Maller: WE'RE KIND OF
CUT OFF FROM THE WORLD,
688
00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:14,440
WE DON'T SEE OTHER PEOPLE.
689
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:16,920
ALSO MAYBE THE FACT THAT WE'RE
CONFINED IN THIS ENVIRONMENT,
690
00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:20,040
WE CAN'T GO OUT EXCEPT WEARING
THOSE BULKY EVA SUITS
691
00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:23,800
BECAUSE IT'S POINTLESS RISKING
YOUR LIFE OUTSIDE.
692
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:29,160
Narrator: LIVING ON MARS WOULD
BE INCREDIBLY TOUGH.
693
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:36,360
TEMPERATURES ARE REGULARLY MINUS
110 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT,
694
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:39,920
THERE'S ALMOST NO OXYGEN AND
THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
695
00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:44,360
IS SO LOW THAT A HOLE IN A
SPACESUIT WOULD BE FATAL.
696
00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:48,320
Maller: SO WE HAVE THESE
BACKPACKS AND THE HELMETS
697
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:50,600
AND WE HAVE LIKE THE
TUBES THAT YOU,
698
00:40:50,640 --> 00:40:53,760
THAT COME FROM THE BACKPACKS
AND GIVE US AN AIRSTREAM.
699
00:40:53,800 --> 00:40:57,320
ON MARS IT WOULD BE OUR,
REALLY OUR LIFE SUPPLY.
700
00:40:57,800 --> 00:41:00,480
Arthur Lillo: OTHERWISE
WE COULD ALSO DIE
701
00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:04,320
FROM THE LOW PRESSURE,
BEFORE BEING ASPHYXIATED
702
00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:06,280
BY THE LACK OF OXYGEN.
703
00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:10,760
Narrator: DURING THEIR
THREE WEEK STAY,
704
00:41:10,800 --> 00:41:13,360
THESE SCIENTISTS ARE
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS,
705
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:16,400
AS IF ON THE MARTIAN LANDSCAPE.
706
00:41:16,840 --> 00:41:21,840
Man: [RADIO CHATTER]
707
00:41:23,440 --> 00:41:25,280
Narrator: THEY'RE TESTING
A SEISMOMETER
708
00:41:25,320 --> 00:41:27,760
THAT WOULD BE USED TO
LOOK FOR WATER.
709
00:41:27,800 --> 00:41:32,640
AND TRYING OUT MARTIAN
NAVIGATION TECHNIQUES.
710
00:41:38,720 --> 00:41:42,080
THE CREWS HABITATION MODULE IS
BASED ON THE DESIGN
711
00:41:42,120 --> 00:41:45,240
FROM ROBERT ZUBRIN'S
MARS DIRECT PLAN.
712
00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:51,800
THE BOTTOM DECK AT THE HAB
IS FOR EXPERIMENTS
713
00:41:51,840 --> 00:41:53,080
AND EQUIPMENT...
714
00:41:55,480 --> 00:41:58,480
ON THE TOP DECK IS
THE LIVING AREA.
715
00:41:59,800 --> 00:42:04,000
THE RISKS FOR ANYONE WILLING TO
GO TO MARS WOULD BE HUGE.
716
00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:06,320
BUT IF ELON MUSK
SUCCEEDS IN HIS PLANS,
717
00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:10,280
IT'S COULD BE ORDINARY CITIZENS,
LIKE THESE YOUNG SCIENTISTS,
718
00:42:10,320 --> 00:42:13,320
THAT ARE GIVEN THE
OPPORTUNITY TO GO.
719
00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:16,800
Xavier Rixhon: IF YOU JUST ASK
ME TO GO TO SPACE FOR TWO YEARS
720
00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:19,040
NOW I WOULD SAY YES IMMEDIATELY.
721
00:42:19,080 --> 00:42:21,440
Maller: I THINK IT DEPENDS A LOT
ON THE, LET'S SAY THE FINE PRINT
722
00:42:21,480 --> 00:42:23,760
OF THE CONTRACT, LIKE IF
IT'S A ONE-WAY MISSION
723
00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:26,920
I THINK A LOT OF US WOULD GIVE
IT A LOT MORE THOUGHT.
724
00:42:26,960 --> 00:42:31,920
IF IT'S LIKE COME BACK WITH,
WITH WHAT PROBABILITY,
725
00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:34,520
ALSO WHAT IS THE EXACT
DURATION OF THE MISSION?
726
00:42:34,560 --> 00:42:37,240
THAT KIND OF PARAMETERS WILL
PROBABLY HELP EVERYONE
727
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:39,760
MAKE A DECISION BUT I
THINK AS OF RIGHT NOW
728
00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:42,640
IF YOU'D SAY OK LET'S GO, IT
TAKES TWO YEARS, AH.
729
00:42:44,880 --> 00:42:47,400
Narrator: THERE'S NO DOUBT,
730
00:42:47,440 --> 00:42:51,600
THAT THE SPACE BILLIONAIRES ARE
INFLUENCING A NEW GENERATION.
731
00:42:51,640 --> 00:42:52,920
Man: AND LIFT OFF
732
00:42:52,960 --> 00:42:54,440
Narrator: THE ENGINEERING FEATS
733
00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:56,000
OF THEIR COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
734
00:42:56,040 --> 00:43:00,520
ARE PUSHING THE FRONTIER OF
HUMAN CAPABILITIES.
735
00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:04,600
Zubrin: IF WE CAN
GET OFF THIS ROCK
736
00:43:04,640 --> 00:43:08,720
AND SEE THAT THE WORLD WE LIVE
IN IS NOT THIS PLANET.
737
00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:10,240
THIS IS NOT THE WORLD.
738
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:14,280
THIS IS JUST ONE PLANET, IN A
WORLD OF TRILLIONS OF PLANETS
739
00:43:14,320 --> 00:43:18,440
AND THAT THERE ARE UNLIMITED
RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO US
740
00:43:18,480 --> 00:43:22,440
IF WE MAXIMIZE THE REACH
OF HUMAN CREATIVITY.
741
00:43:22,480 --> 00:43:26,040
Bezos: HUMANITY, AS A SPECIES,
WE HAVE TO GO IN TO SPACE.
742
00:43:26,080 --> 00:43:29,800
I MEAN I, IN MY VIEW AND
SO THAT LEAVES YOU
743
00:43:29,840 --> 00:43:32,920
WITH ONLY TWO OPTIONS, EITHER
WE NEED TO EXPAND OUT
744
00:43:32,960 --> 00:43:36,680
IN TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM IF WE
WANNA CONTINUE TO GROW, OR,
745
00:43:36,720 --> 00:43:39,800
YOU HAVE TO ENTER A
PERIOD OF STASIS,
746
00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:42,040
AND I KNOW WHICH OF
THOSE TWO OPTIONS
747
00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:44,480
I THINK IS MORE INTERESTING.
[LAUGHS].
748
00:43:45,440 --> 00:43:47,680
Narrator: WITH SUCH
AMBITIOUS VISION
749
00:43:47,720 --> 00:43:51,000
FROM THE SPACE BILLIONAIRES
AND THEIR COMPANIES,
750
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:53,760
WE COULD BE RIGHT ON THE
THRESHOLD OF BECOMING
751
00:43:53,800 --> 00:43:57,840
A TRULY SPACEFARING
CIVILIZATION.
752
00:43:57,880 --> 00:44:05,000
♪
62602
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