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Scotland is one of
the most beautiful,
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00:00:09,840 --> 00:00:12,640
most photographed
countries in the world.
3
00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:19,640
Wow. Look at that rainbow.
4
00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:20,960
That's spectacular.
5
00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:26,640
It's a place that seems
shaped to be seen from the sky.
6
00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:30,920
Oh, yes. Look at that.
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00:00:33,960 --> 00:00:37,200
Pictures taken from above
have the power to astound
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00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:38,280
and to amaze.
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00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:42,760
The view from above isn't just about
spectacular mountains
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00:00:42,760 --> 00:00:44,360
and dramatic castles...
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00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:47,160
..the view from above
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00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:50,400
offers a whole new way of
understanding our history.
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00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:55,840
I'm James Crawford,
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00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:59,760
and I want aerial photography
to take you on a journey.
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00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:04,040
I'll be using everything
from fascinating old imagery
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00:01:04,040 --> 00:01:07,880
to modern aerial footage
to uncover the secrets of our past.
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00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:12,320
In this film, we'll be
looking down on the history
18
00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:14,000
of Scotland's industry...
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00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:19,920
..using the view from above
to uncover where we worked...
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00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:23,600
..and the remarkable things
we built.
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00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:29,000
I'll be taking to the skies,
hunting down traces of the past...
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00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:32,720
That is Scotland's
very first motorway.
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00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:37,080
..exploring the places we've lost.
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00:01:37,080 --> 00:01:41,760
I enjoyed it.
It was a filthy, dirty hole...
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00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:44,640
I'm following in
the footsteps of my father
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00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:46,800
to Shetland and the oil boom.
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00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:49,720
And there we are.
Me on my dad's shoulder.
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00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:55,920
This is the story of Scotland's
industry, told from the sky.
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00:02:11,200 --> 00:02:14,120
Think of the words
"Scotland" and "industry".
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00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:19,840
You'd picture grimy cities...
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00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:25,040
..mines, mills and railways.
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00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,920
You probably wouldn't picture
a beautiful boat trip
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00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:34,000
on the west coast of Scotland.
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00:02:35,920 --> 00:02:39,640
Just south of Oban,
there's a whole network of islands.
35
00:02:39,640 --> 00:02:43,960
I've headed off from Cuan Sound
to one of the smallest - Belnahua.
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00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:51,440
Traces of Scottish industry
can be found in the most remote,
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00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:53,360
most inaccessible places.
38
00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:00,760
That's why I'm making
a commando-style landing
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00:03:00,760 --> 00:03:04,120
on this forgotten island
with a fascinating story.
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00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,520
Welcome to
the island of Belnahua.
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00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:19,160
Population...
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00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:20,320
..me.
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00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:29,000
It's a genuinely eerie place.
44
00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:35,520
The rusting machinery
and ruined buildings
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00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:38,240
point to Belnahua's
industrial past...
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00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:45,040
..and to a work that changed
the entire island forever.
47
00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:53,120
To understand what happened here,
what industry did to this island,
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00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:56,200
it helps enormously
to see it from the sky.
49
00:04:02,880 --> 00:04:06,240
The island of Belnahua
has been hollowed out.
50
00:04:08,120 --> 00:04:11,680
These were once massive quarries
over 60 feet deep,
51
00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:13,880
but now flooded by the sea...
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00:04:15,760 --> 00:04:18,720
..dug away
for one bustling business.
53
00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:24,120
That business was
the production of this - slate.
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00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:35,160
Quarrying slate was hard manual
labour and frequently dangerous.
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00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:43,640
The local product had these
distinctive flecks of fool's gold.
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00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:46,720
And for every single piece of slate
produced,
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00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:49,560
nine imperfect ones
were left behind.
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00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:54,040
Those rejects can be found today
scattered all across the island.
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00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:58,800
At the industry's peak
at the end of the 19th century,
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00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:02,000
this tiny island
was home to over 200 people.
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00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:09,840
Fiona Cruickshank's great-aunt
worked here
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00:05:09,840 --> 00:05:13,160
in the schoolroom,
unused now for over a century.
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00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:21,080
She was the classroom assistant
on Belnahua and she would come over.
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00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:23,440
My gran used to tell us
this story of her,
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00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:26,520
and she would talk about
auntie Polly being here
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00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:29,320
and playing the piano
for the children.
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00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:32,560
What were conditions like here?
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00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:34,600
It must have been
very dangerous, actually,
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00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:38,360
because you're living so close to
the quarries and, you know,
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00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:42,240
heavy machinery - very noisy -
must have been pretty grim.
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00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:47,480
Slate dust is not nice.
It's horrible.
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00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:50,240
It gets into your skin
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00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:53,240
and washing your clothes
was really difficult
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00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:55,960
for the folk around here
because there was a lack of water.
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00:05:55,960 --> 00:05:58,400
Although the quarries were
flooding with sea water,
76
00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:00,840
fresh water itself was
difficult to get hold of.
77
00:06:00,840 --> 00:06:03,640
So the women used to get in the boat
once a week
78
00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:07,080
and go way down to Lunga,
do their washing,
79
00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:09,800
dry their clothes on the heather
80
00:06:09,800 --> 00:06:11,960
and then they would come back
on the next tide...
81
00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:15,640
Would bring it back to get filthy...
To get filthy again, yeah.
82
00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:22,320
The gold flecked slate of Belnahua
adorns great buildings.
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00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:23,760
Scottish castles.
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00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:27,000
It was used as far away as
Nova Scotia.
85
00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:34,720
The industry continued from
as long ago as the 17th century
86
00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:36,480
to the early 1900s.
87
00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:42,680
But by 1920, the sea had broken
into the deep quarries
88
00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:46,000
and flooded them,
making them useless.
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00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:48,040
The slate industry was ending.
90
00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:54,120
Today, the workers cottages
still stand in neat rows,
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00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:56,720
ironically without
their slate roofs.
92
00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:01,960
With some sites,
it's hard to get an idea.
93
00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:04,920
You've got to work at
thinking of what life was like.
94
00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:07,040
This isn't one of them.
It's like a ghost town.
95
00:07:07,040 --> 00:07:10,200
It's like the people just packed
up their stuff, their goods,
96
00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:13,320
their gear, got on a boat
and left everything behind them.
97
00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:16,440
You can imagine the noise,
the smells, the sound.
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00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:20,120
It's all here, crumbling slowly
back into the island.
99
00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:32,040
From the air, Belnahua's story
becomes starkly clear.
100
00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:35,320
How this remote place
provided the natural resource
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00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:37,800
that supported a whole community.
102
00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:42,680
But, also, how industry
never stands still.
103
00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:45,360
It uses what it can then moves on.
104
00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:50,240
And as it is for
this one tiny island,
105
00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:52,520
so it is for
the rest of our country.
106
00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:03,800
I've become fascinated by
the power of the view from above
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00:08:03,800 --> 00:08:05,760
to reveal how
the remains of industry
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00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:08,320
are still scattered
all around Scotland.
109
00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:11,280
Ten years ago,
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00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:15,680
I came to work here in the archives
of Historic Environment Scotland.
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00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:17,920
What caught my eye
more than anything else
112
00:08:17,920 --> 00:08:20,080
were these - aerial photographs.
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00:08:23,440 --> 00:08:26,480
These vaults hold
some 1.6 million photos
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00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:29,640
going from the beginning of
the 20th century
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00:08:29,640 --> 00:08:32,000
all the way up to the present day.
116
00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:37,320
From up high,
Scotland's transformed.
117
00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:39,160
You can read the landscape itself,
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00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:41,840
see how we've written on it
again and again.
119
00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,400
Our industry has always
relied on good transport links,
120
00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:49,880
be it by sea or land.
121
00:08:51,720 --> 00:08:53,160
And aerial photos reveal
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00:08:53,160 --> 00:08:56,000
how the road network
has developed over time.
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00:08:58,120 --> 00:08:59,840
From drovers' tracks...
124
00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:04,520
..to General Wade's roads
of the 18th century...
125
00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:09,920
..to motorway junctions
outside Glasgow.
126
00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:16,840
But now I'm going in search of
Scotland's very first main road.
127
00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:25,160
I'm calling on a favour from
my old friend William MacInnes
128
00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:27,480
to hunt down this ancient highway.
129
00:09:30,600 --> 00:09:33,520
He's arranged to pick me up
at an airstrip near Edinburgh,
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00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:35,560
in his handsome Tiger Moth.
131
00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:48,680
So, William, we're about to
use a 70-year-old aircraft
132
00:09:48,680 --> 00:09:51,560
to try and find
a 2,000-year-old road.
133
00:09:51,560 --> 00:09:53,520
Do you fancy our chances?
134
00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:55,840
Yes, I think we've got
a pretty good chance.
135
00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:58,440
An old aircraft like this
doesn't travel very fast
136
00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:01,240
so we'll have plenty of time
to look out over the cockpit window.
137
00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:03,720
And how are the flying conditions
looking today?
138
00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:05,920
The flying conditions today
are excellent.
139
00:10:05,920 --> 00:10:08,200
What I'm really pleased about is
140
00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:10,720
the day's only going to get better.
141
00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:12,560
The winds are light, and I think
142
00:10:12,560 --> 00:10:16,280
we should have a fairly free,
smooth ride across the Lammermoors.
143
00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:18,560
But at 2,000ft,
it's going to be cold.
144
00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:21,320
It's going to be very cold.
So I've got all my thermals on.
145
00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:22,840
I see you have as well.
146
00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:25,160
So, yeah, that's going to be
important.
147
00:10:27,080 --> 00:10:30,560
Going up in a vintage biplane
is wonderful and terrifying
148
00:10:30,560 --> 00:10:32,080
all at the same time...
149
00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:38,440
Shoulder one. ..but to me it's
really the best way to see history
150
00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:40,320
brought to life...
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00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:44,960
..the closest
you'll come to time travel.
152
00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:54,040
We'll be heading south towards
the Borders in search of our road.
153
00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:00,480
All right, Jamie. You ready?
I'm ready, yeah. Let's go. Let's go.
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00:11:28,680 --> 00:11:33,000
From up here, the views are
truly awe-inspiring.
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00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,160
That is beautiful.
Oh, just spectacular.
156
00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:40,800
Oh, there's so much pattern
in the...
157
00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:43,280
..in the fields and everything.
158
00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:44,640
It's amazing. Yeah.
159
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:56,360
We're looking for the remains
of a road called Dere Street,
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00:11:56,360 --> 00:11:59,280
constructed by the Romans
2,000 years ago.
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00:12:03,520 --> 00:12:05,360
But, really, it's no street.
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00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:10,920
It ran from the city of York
northwards.
163
00:12:12,360 --> 00:12:16,000
Built decades before Hadrian's Wall
and the Antonine Wall.
164
00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:23,400
200 miles long and the first
and only main road into Scotland.
165
00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:31,000
You'd imagine a route this old
would have disappeared completely
166
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:35,360
but just east of Jedburgh,
we finally spot some faint traces.
167
00:12:37,520 --> 00:12:40,360
I'll just do
a little orbit round here.
168
00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:43,000
So I think that's Dere Street
underneath us. Yeah, it is. It is.
169
00:12:44,840 --> 00:12:48,160
OK, I'm just going to gently
turn around to the right.
170
00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:56,400
That's it. That's it below us. Yeah.
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00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:58,920
Nice stone wall just helps you see
the route it takes
172
00:12:58,920 --> 00:13:01,520
through the countryside. Yes.
173
00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:06,640
Now we're going right down the road.
174
00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:10,520
Got a stunning view of it. Yeah.
175
00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:16,680
That is Scotland's
very first motorway.
176
00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:35,240
It's only really cows that are
travelling on it these days. Yeah.
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00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:40,560
This is one of the best sections,
you can really see very clearly...
178
00:13:40,560 --> 00:13:42,640
Look at that. ..of how that road
must have looked.
179
00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:47,840
The view from above reveals
the sheer scale of the road
180
00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:50,640
and the ambitions of those
early Roman builders.
181
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,680
We can also see how the road
has changed over the centuries.
182
00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:03,440
That's it, now it becomes
a modern road.
183
00:14:03,440 --> 00:14:05,920
Yeah. That's the transition.
184
00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:08,960
It's amazing to think
the number of armies
185
00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:10,880
who've marched
up and down this road.
186
00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:15,000
Wow.
187
00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:29,080
On the ground, you can see up close
the Roman design
188
00:14:29,080 --> 00:14:32,440
that allowed Dere Street
to survive through time.
189
00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:38,280
Here, I'm meeting historian
Richard Oram to find out more
190
00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:41,840
about how this ancient road
helped trade and industry.
191
00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:46,400
So the Romans left just a couple
of centuries after they arrived.
192
00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:48,360
What happened to the road
after that?
193
00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:50,920
Well, the road basically stays here
194
00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:53,920
and it becomes, from the point of
the Roman departure,
195
00:14:53,920 --> 00:14:58,400
it starts to become this major
boundary feature in the landscape.
196
00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:02,800
Mostly we hear about this being
a military road, an invader's road.
197
00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:06,800
But was there more travelling
up and down it than just soldiers?
198
00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:10,840
Well, the presence of the road
allows people to begin to push back
199
00:15:10,840 --> 00:15:12,880
into the country
on either side of it.
200
00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:17,200
Begin to open it up for agriculture,
open up to exploitation,
201
00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:20,440
and so the roadway
is something that is physically
202
00:15:20,440 --> 00:15:23,840
going to lead to the transformation
of the landscape.
203
00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:27,640
So could you say that this was
a road that was ahead of its time?
204
00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:28,960
For this area, yes.
205
00:15:28,960 --> 00:15:33,280
It's breaking into a territory that
had seen nothing of its kind before
206
00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:36,520
and it wasn't going to see anything
of its kind again
207
00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:38,920
for a few centuries.
208
00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:42,120
Dere Street was a vital route,
but for hundreds of years
209
00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:46,160
it was virtually
the only major road in Scotland.
210
00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:50,120
The time of the roads would come,
but for almost all of our history,
211
00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:55,400
industry relied on access to two
things - resources and the sea.
212
00:15:55,400 --> 00:15:57,200
If you had both of them together,
213
00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:00,240
then you could start a business
pretty much anywhere.
214
00:16:04,840 --> 00:16:09,000
Like here, in the northwest
highlands in Wester Ross.
215
00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:14,440
The land around Loch Maree
216
00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:17,480
is picture postcard
Highland wilderness...
217
00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:22,760
..but I'm taking a boat
across the loch
218
00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:27,040
to what was, believe it or not,
a massive industrial centre.
219
00:16:30,920 --> 00:16:33,760
And I'm looking for
traces of that industry
220
00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:36,360
hidden away within Letterewe Forest.
221
00:16:39,080 --> 00:16:41,280
It should be said that,
for a forest,
222
00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:45,120
there's rather less in the way of
trees than you might imagine.
223
00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:51,480
Once these hillsides were swathed
in oak, pine, holly, birch and elm.
224
00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:56,120
The bare slopes today hint at a very
different story of this landscape,
225
00:16:56,120 --> 00:16:59,520
because it was here that
Scotland's iron industry
226
00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:01,240
first sparked into life.
227
00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:11,200
In a time before coal,
trees fed the fires of industry.
228
00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:20,120
As to where those fires were placed,
229
00:17:20,120 --> 00:17:22,720
the name of this small burn
is a bit of a clue.
230
00:17:25,160 --> 00:17:27,000
In Gaelic, it's called
231
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:30,640
Abhainn An Fhuirneis -
The River Of The Furnace.
232
00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:34,080
And here are the faint remains
of what would become
233
00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:37,440
one of the country's
biggest industries.
234
00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:39,040
Four centuries ago,
235
00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:44,000
this was the site of
Scotland's first-ever blast furnace.
236
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:46,720
Using the wood from
the surrounding forests
237
00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:49,560
to make ferocious heat
to create iron.
238
00:17:49,560 --> 00:17:53,200
Today, all that remain
are slabs of sandstone
239
00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:58,320
and this heap of slag - a waste
product from the smelting process.
240
00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:00,080
The rest is all gone.
241
00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:06,080
But in the 1600s,
242
00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:10,600
this area was the beating heart
of iron production in Scotland.
243
00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:14,520
A whole landscape put to work.
244
00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:21,480
Around Loch Maree, 300 acres
of forest a year were felled
245
00:18:21,480 --> 00:18:24,680
and burned to make charcoal
for the furnaces.
246
00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:29,920
Some of the iron ore
came from local deposits.
247
00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:33,800
And easy access to the sea allowed
boats to bring in additional ore
248
00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:36,000
and take away processed metal.
249
00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:45,680
Just north of the loch, you can find
the remains of another blast furnace
250
00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:49,240
used to smelt the iron.
This one better preserved.
251
00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:53,320
The perfect place to meet
Dr Karen Buchanan
252
00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:57,200
who studied the industries
of this remote area.
253
00:18:57,200 --> 00:18:59,960
This site is called
A 'Cheardach Dhearg -
254
00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:01,520
The Red Smiddy.
255
00:19:01,520 --> 00:19:08,240
Behind us you can see the remains
of the stack of the blast furnace.
256
00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:11,200
And who was buying the iron?
Where was it going to?
257
00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,080
We think the iron was going to
the Netherlands.
258
00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:19,000
In the literature, we're told
that they were making great guns.
259
00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:21,400
In other words,
cannon on these sites.
260
00:19:21,400 --> 00:19:23,800
So an early example of
the arms trade?
261
00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:26,840
Exactly. In the most unlikely of
places.
262
00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:30,240
Who'd have thought that Loch Maree
263
00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:34,040
was the birthplace of
Scotland's heavy industry -
264
00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:36,560
that cannon
and thousands of tonnes of iron
265
00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:38,680
came from this tranquil spot?
266
00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:44,000
It's quite remarkable that we have
these sites of such importance
267
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:46,600
in what is now perceived to be
268
00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:50,720
such a remote
and under-industrialised area.
269
00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:52,720
It's not what people expect
from industry, is it?
270
00:19:52,720 --> 00:19:53,800
No, indeed.
271
00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:59,520
What happened here at Loch Maree
couldn't last.
272
00:19:59,520 --> 00:20:01,320
The forests were decimated
273
00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:04,400
and deposits of
local iron ore dwindled.
274
00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:09,200
The business used up this landscape
and then abandoned it.
275
00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:13,120
But from these unlikely beginnings
grew a massive industry
276
00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:16,520
at the heart of
Scotland's Industrial Revolution.
277
00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:22,320
The Central Belt of Scotland.
278
00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:27,320
This is where we traditionally think
heavy industry was born.
279
00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:33,840
No wonder, because in 1759
an ironworks was built
280
00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:37,960
close to Falkirk that was to last
for over 200 years.
281
00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:43,800
The Carron Ironworks
became one of the largest
282
00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:46,240
and most important in the world.
283
00:20:46,240 --> 00:20:49,240
In this 1928 photograph,
284
00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:52,120
you can see its chimneys
belching smoke.
285
00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:03,040
But today just modern warehouses
remain, and a single large wall.
286
00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:10,160
This is the southern wall
of the Carron Ironworks.
287
00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:12,560
This place changed everything.
288
00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:15,080
This was the Industrial Revolution.
289
00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:23,200
You get a sense of the impact of
Carron in this painting from 1824.
290
00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:25,000
The smoke from the smelting
291
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:28,040
pouring out
over the quiet fields of Falkirk...
292
00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:33,160
..Scotland's countryside
colliding with heavy industry.
293
00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:40,240
The Carron Ironworks led the way
for the vast industrial sites
294
00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:43,120
that sprang up
all over the Central Belt.
295
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:47,200
Coal mines, quarries, factories
and shipyards...
296
00:21:48,520 --> 00:21:53,560
..with thousands of workers flocking
to feed this great industrial beast.
297
00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:56,800
Carron's site near Falkirk
298
00:21:56,800 --> 00:22:01,000
was the perfect place to harness the
natural resources needed for iron.
299
00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:04,440
Ore came from Bo'ness,
300
00:22:04,440 --> 00:22:08,200
and newly discovered coal
from the Shieldhill mine.
301
00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:13,520
Canals and railways made it easier
to transport materials.
302
00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:18,800
Water for the works
came from the River Carron,
303
00:22:18,800 --> 00:22:24,320
diverted into huge reservoirs which
today have been reclaimed by nature.
304
00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:29,040
Local lad David Mitchell
is a colleague
305
00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:33,760
from Historic Environment Scotland
and an expert on Carron's history.
306
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:37,240
You've got a real passion for
iron work,
307
00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:40,600
do you think that came from growing
up so close to a site like this?
308
00:22:40,600 --> 00:22:43,560
I've spent 25 years
researching the firms
309
00:22:43,560 --> 00:22:45,720
and Scotland was the largest
exporter of
310
00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:49,320
architectural iron products
in the world for about 80 years.
311
00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:51,240
And it's something that's
not widely known.
312
00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:53,400
So we have railway stations
in Brazil,
313
00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:57,240
and Maharaja's palaces in India
that were all made in Scotland.
314
00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:00,320
And latterly they also produced
domestic castings,
315
00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:04,400
architectural work like the front
facade of Harvey Nicks in London,
316
00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:06,360
down to cast iron pots and pans.
317
00:23:06,360 --> 00:23:07,680
And there are a number of
318
00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:10,800
famous names associated
with this site, aren't there?
319
00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:13,480
Yes. James Watt.
Probably the earliest
320
00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:17,040
and probably the most important who
was putting together a steam engine
321
00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:19,720
at Kinneil House,
not so far from here.
322
00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:23,040
And we have one of his first
cylinders cast by Carron Company,
323
00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:27,120
actually built into the front facade
of what's left of the foundry.
324
00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:32,400
But to begin with,
325
00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:36,360
the factory's most famous product
was also its most deadly.
326
00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:41,760
Cannon.
327
00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:47,000
Like this one still manning
the parapet of Fort George
328
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:49,040
just northeast of Inverness.
329
00:23:50,920 --> 00:23:54,320
Every cannon was marked by its maker
with the date of its production
330
00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:55,840
and you can still see it here.
331
00:23:55,840 --> 00:23:58,000
Carron, 1800.
332
00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:02,080
Trafalgar.
333
00:24:03,760 --> 00:24:05,160
Waterloo.
334
00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:08,920
The American War of Independence.
335
00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:12,400
The Crimean War.
336
00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:17,760
For some 200 years, no major battle
happened in the world
337
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,680
without row after row
of Falkirk iron.
338
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,120
After Carron,
there was no going back.
339
00:24:28,120 --> 00:24:30,680
Scotland was changed for good.
340
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:34,760
Every square inch of land was
weighed and measured for its worth.
341
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:36,920
Everywhere was fair game
342
00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:40,160
in the onward march
of Scottish industry.
343
00:24:44,920 --> 00:24:48,720
The Carron Ironworks relied
heavily on coal found locally...
344
00:24:50,440 --> 00:24:52,840
..as did dozens of
other Scottish industries,
345
00:24:52,840 --> 00:24:55,400
some all but forgotten today.
346
00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:02,640
This is the Fife coast,
best known today for pretty harbours
347
00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:06,280
and picturesque golf courses,
and fish suppers.
348
00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:09,280
But if you'd come here 200 years ago
you would have been
349
00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:12,480
standing at the heart of
a massive industrial operation,
350
00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:18,000
producing something that changed how
we traded, lived, even how we ate.
351
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,280
I'll give you a clue.
352
00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:21,640
My fish supper
wouldn't be the same without it.
353
00:25:21,640 --> 00:25:23,000
Salt.
354
00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:31,880
Just next to the village of St
Monans are nine very curious shapes.
355
00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:34,840
They're all that remain of
an industrial plant
356
00:25:34,840 --> 00:25:37,600
converting sea water into salt.
357
00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:40,440
But to understand how it all worked,
358
00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:44,200
you really need to look down
on the whole site from the air.
359
00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:51,160
In a time before freezers,
salt was highly valuable
360
00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,440
because it could preserve meat
and fish.
361
00:25:53,440 --> 00:25:55,560
And sites for salt production
362
00:25:55,560 --> 00:25:58,800
were scattered all around
the coast of Scotland.
363
00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:13,800
But one of the largest
and most impressive from the air
364
00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:16,120
is here at St Monans.
365
00:26:19,400 --> 00:26:21,360
Joining me is Jo Hambly,
366
00:26:21,360 --> 00:26:25,600
who studied the lost industry
of the salt masters -
367
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:30,280
the one-time producers of what was
known as Scotland's white gold.
368
00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:34,200
How did they make salt?
369
00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:36,040
It's a very simple process.
370
00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:40,120
Over here is a sea full of salt
water, so that's their raw material.
371
00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:42,040
And over here is coal.
372
00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:46,560
And salt making was always
associated with a colliery.
373
00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:51,120
So, here for example, it's called
the Newark Coal And Salt Work.
374
00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:52,520
So the two go hand-in-hand.
375
00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:54,520
So, for it's time,
was this quite sophisticated?
376
00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:57,280
It was really sophisticated
and it was the...
377
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:59,520
It produced the most salt
in Scotland.
378
00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:04,200
A mountainous 430 tonnes a year.
379
00:27:06,080 --> 00:27:08,280
An aerial view shows how salt water
380
00:27:08,280 --> 00:27:10,840
could be drawn along
this man-made channel
381
00:27:10,840 --> 00:27:13,960
cut into the rocky coast,
still visible today.
382
00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:22,120
This wind engine pumped the water up
and into the nine Pan Houses.
383
00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:26,640
So, Joe, we're standing in
the ruins of the Pan House.
384
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:28,800
What would be happening here?
385
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:31,280
Well, we're actually standing
in the coal chute.
386
00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:34,480
So if we were here
when this building was operational,
387
00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:38,320
there'd be a little mini railway
here with wagons on it,
388
00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:40,240
and those wagons would be
full of coal.
389
00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:46,520
This coal was used to fuel fires set
up under a large metal pan.
390
00:27:47,560 --> 00:27:49,720
The pan was filled with sea water,
391
00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:51,920
and the heat would evaporate
off the liquid
392
00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:54,040
leaving the precious salt behind.
393
00:27:57,880 --> 00:27:59,640
And where we're standing now
394
00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:02,040
is where they would have
worked the pan.
395
00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:04,600
So the pan would have been
in this hole here...
396
00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:07,720
..and, then, it's like magic.
397
00:28:07,720 --> 00:28:11,080
Suddenly the salt starts
crystallising out of the water
398
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:13,720
when it gets to
a certain concentration...
399
00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:17,520
..and, then, imagine
a big, like, garden rake...
400
00:28:17,520 --> 00:28:21,240
..and they would just
pull it to the side...
401
00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:23,880
..and then pile up the salt
on one side of the pan.
402
00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:25,320
But there would still be liquid...
403
00:28:25,320 --> 00:28:27,160
As it crystallised.
..as it crystallised,
404
00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:29,520
but there would still be liquid
in the other part of the pan.
405
00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:37,880
Salt production in Scotland lasted
till as recently as the 1950s.
406
00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:41,680
But salt was just one cog
of the Industrial Revolution,
407
00:28:41,680 --> 00:28:43,960
so much of it relying on coal.
408
00:28:50,200 --> 00:28:53,080
Coal also revolutionised
how we travelled,
409
00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:56,160
with the development of
steam trains.
410
00:28:56,160 --> 00:29:00,120
Railways became the hallmark
of a new industrial Scotland,
411
00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:04,520
moving people and resources
to every corner of the country.
412
00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:08,120
A network once far more extensive
than it is today.
413
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:16,680
This is the fate of
many old railway lines.
414
00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:19,560
The hurtling rush of iron and steam
415
00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:22,560
replaced by simple pedal power.
416
00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:24,280
This track was built
417
00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:28,720
by the old Callander And Oban
Railway 150 years ago.
418
00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:34,160
To climb up the glen,
the incline was 1/60 for six miles.
419
00:29:34,160 --> 00:29:38,600
Tough going for a train hauling
tonnes of freight and carriages.
420
00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:40,040
Easy going on a bike, though.
421
00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:45,600
The line started in the Central Belt
422
00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:49,320
and the plan was to build it all
the way to the fishing port of Oban,
423
00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:52,720
connecting the west coast
to the centres of commerce.
424
00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:59,720
By the autumn of 1866,
the line had reached Glen Ogle
425
00:29:59,720 --> 00:30:03,000
where the track clings to
the contours of the hill.
426
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:13,280
Here at the halfway point,
the land falls away.
427
00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:16,120
The track builders
needed another solution.
428
00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,880
A stunningly bold and beautiful
piece of engineering.
429
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:28,600
This - the Glen Ogle Viaduct.
430
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:34,080
Built to smooth out a tight bend
431
00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:37,520
that would have been impossible
for a train to get round.
432
00:30:42,280 --> 00:30:46,280
And joining me on a walk
across its splendid 12 arches
433
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:48,800
is railway historian Tim Dunn.
434
00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:56,080
So, Tim, why did they build
a line here?
435
00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:58,680
In the middle years
of the 19th century, of course,
436
00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:01,520
those railway magnates wanted to
get access to the coast,
437
00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:04,800
because on the coast you had the
fish. They want to bring those fish
438
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:07,920
back into town and down to London.
That was a lucrative market.
439
00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:09,840
But also the other direction
as well.
440
00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:12,320
They were there to take people,
the tourists, up to the coast
441
00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:14,400
for those great coastal steamers.
442
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:16,880
This was a line that was built
to take people out
443
00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:18,560
and bring goods back down.
444
00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:24,320
Construction in this kind of
landscape requires you to innovate,
445
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:26,160
doesn't it? Oh, massively.
446
00:31:26,160 --> 00:31:30,400
I mean, this is a line that clings
all the way along this valley side,
447
00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,680
all the way from here and up-up-up
up the glen over the top.
448
00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:35,800
And, of course, this is
a pretty severe gradient.
449
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:40,200
They had to take out huge amounts of
stuff from the valley side as well,
450
00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:43,920
and build viaducts like this,
to go round very tight curves,
451
00:31:43,920 --> 00:31:46,000
and over very, very steep gorges.
452
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:47,480
And how successful was the line?
453
00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:49,400
Well, for tourists
it was very successful.
454
00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:53,480
But, then, unfortunately
this particular line got overtaken
455
00:31:53,480 --> 00:31:55,840
by a competing line
that was much more direct
456
00:31:55,840 --> 00:31:58,240
from Tyndrum down to Glasgow.
457
00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:01,440
And suddenly the passengers
just dropped off.
458
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:05,720
Trains kept crossing
the Glen Ogle viaduct
459
00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:08,880
until the line closed in 1965.
460
00:32:12,120 --> 00:32:13,880
Today, it stands as proof
461
00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:17,360
the industry isn't always
a blot on the landscape...
462
00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:21,160
..and as a testimony to those
463
00:32:21,160 --> 00:32:23,960
who delighted in
the challenge of building it.
464
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:29,080
If you've ever wondered why Scotland
has such a remarkable reputation
465
00:32:29,080 --> 00:32:32,480
for producing engineers,
then here's your answer.
466
00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:34,960
Faced with a landscape like this,
467
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:37,720
you had to innovate,
you had to be good.
468
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:43,040
Photos show how elegant
railway viaducts were built
469
00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:44,480
all across Scotland.
470
00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:50,240
Not forgetting that pinnacle
of Victorian railway engineering,
471
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:53,560
with the original and unrivalled
Forth Bridge.
472
00:32:58,360 --> 00:33:00,320
The best way
to get a sense of how industry
473
00:33:00,320 --> 00:33:03,000
has shaped our landscape
is in one of these.
474
00:33:11,560 --> 00:33:13,600
A Twin Squirrel helicopter,
475
00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:16,800
with a half-a-million pound camera
on its nose.
476
00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:23,160
From Cumbernauld Airport,
pilot David Blaine is taking me
477
00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:26,880
on a whistle-stop tour of
Scotland's industrial centre.
478
00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:34,360
Our first location,
just south of Harthill,
479
00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:38,640
a landscape of old collieries
and what some call spoil heaps.
480
00:33:43,800 --> 00:33:46,120
In Scotland, we call them "bings".
481
00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:48,880
It comes from the old Norse word
for heap.
482
00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:55,400
Harthill Bing grew out of
the coal mining industry.
483
00:34:00,440 --> 00:34:02,320
This was a man-made mountain.
484
00:34:02,320 --> 00:34:04,840
Tonnes of waste rock
had to be extracted
485
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:07,840
from the ground to get to
the good stuff - the coal.
486
00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:09,880
And it had to be dumped somewhere.
487
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:16,760
But not all Scotland's bings
are the result of coal mining.
488
00:34:19,160 --> 00:34:22,400
Next up, we're flying
towards West Lothian.
489
00:34:25,880 --> 00:34:28,200
We're just above
the town of Addiewell.
490
00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:31,560
And in front of us is
the remarkable Five Sisters Bing.
491
00:34:31,560 --> 00:34:34,080
It's the result of mining for shale,
492
00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:36,960
the rock that gave Scotland
its first oil boom
493
00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:38,840
in the mid 19th century.
494
00:34:40,720 --> 00:34:44,200
The shale business produced
four times as much waste
495
00:34:44,200 --> 00:34:46,000
as it did oil.
496
00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:53,480
And that waste was simply
dumped at the back door
497
00:34:53,480 --> 00:34:55,760
onto any one of the five bings,
498
00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:58,960
depending on which way
the wind was blowing.
499
00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:15,440
From The Five Sisters we're heading
north, close to Edinburgh Airport
500
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:19,160
and another even larger legacy
of the shale industry.
501
00:35:21,160 --> 00:35:25,160
Just ahead of us is Scotland's
largest bing. Greendykes.
502
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:32,840
It's our own table mountain,
so large you can see it from space.
503
00:35:36,160 --> 00:35:39,600
In its day, Greendykes stood
in a science fiction world
504
00:35:39,600 --> 00:35:40,920
of heavy industry.
505
00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:53,680
I was obsessed with this place
as a boy.
506
00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:55,920
I thought it was like
the surface of Mars.
507
00:35:55,920 --> 00:35:57,920
I always wanted to climb it.
508
00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:00,640
I never thought that
the first time I'd get to the top
509
00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:02,320
would be by helicopter.
510
00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:32,080
I'm touching down
to meet up with Dr Robin Chesters
511
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:34,640
from the Scottish Shale Oil Museum.
512
00:36:36,240 --> 00:36:39,720
So, Robin, it looks like we're just
on top of a hill, doesn't it?
513
00:36:39,720 --> 00:36:42,000
The vegetation is taking over again.
514
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:43,600
It's a very special sort of hill.
515
00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:47,040
I think it's only been this green
for the last 20 or 30 years.
516
00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:51,040
Before that it would be raw and red
and black and very, very dusty.
517
00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:54,880
Over the course of the years,
518
00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:59,440
it's turned this lovely orangey
colour because the iron inside it
519
00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:02,520
has sort of oxidised
and gone nice and rusty.
520
00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:05,200
What do you think
the local community must've thought
521
00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:09,320
when they saw this hill start to get
bigger and bigger and bigger?
522
00:37:09,320 --> 00:37:11,280
I suppose it's something
they sort of live with
523
00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:13,640
and it just takes its time.
524
00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:17,240
There's a wonderful sort of sequence
of building of these various mounds.
525
00:37:17,240 --> 00:37:19,640
It's over a long period of time.
526
00:37:19,640 --> 00:37:22,440
I wouldn't have liked to have lived
in Niddrie village behind us
527
00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:25,480
because it gradually became enclosed
528
00:37:25,480 --> 00:37:28,560
in a canyon between two shale bings.
529
00:37:28,560 --> 00:37:31,080
And they say it was very difficult
to get your washing clean,
530
00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:33,840
dust coming in one direction
or the other.
531
00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:36,400
But these bings were obviously
tied to their livelihood.
532
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:37,640
This is why they were here.
533
00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:41,320
People came to West Lothian
to work in the shale oil industry.
534
00:37:41,320 --> 00:37:44,960
It created an awful lot of economic
benefit. It was a lifestyle.
535
00:37:44,960 --> 00:37:49,200
It's something which people have
come to be very proud of.
536
00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,240
And now these sites have become
national monuments.
537
00:37:52,240 --> 00:37:54,960
Certainly this one and The Five
Sisters are scheduled monuments
538
00:37:54,960 --> 00:37:57,440
which means they're here
in perpetuity,
539
00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:01,560
that this is a wonderful and unique
monument to a very special industry.
540
00:38:04,920 --> 00:38:09,600
What began as industrial waste
is slowly reverting back to nature.
541
00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:15,760
It's a process that's not unique
to Scotland's bings.
542
00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:24,840
I'm travelling on 20 miles
to the southwest, to Lanarkshire
543
00:38:24,840 --> 00:38:28,680
and what was Scotland's most famous
industrial plant...
544
00:38:32,360 --> 00:38:33,680
..Ravenscraig.
545
00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:39,440
Today, it's Europe's largest
waste ground.
546
00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:41,040
1,000 acres.
547
00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:44,840
So large you could fit 700
football pitches inside it.
548
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:56,040
But in its heyday, this plant was
the largest steel-maker in Europe,
549
00:38:56,040 --> 00:38:59,480
producing two million tonnes
of steel per year.
550
00:39:05,120 --> 00:39:07,160
Through the '80s and early '90s,
551
00:39:07,160 --> 00:39:11,080
images of the towers of Ravenscraig
dominated the news.
552
00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:14,120
Politicians, strikes
and threats of closure.
553
00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:19,960
Today, only the footprints
of those towers remain.
554
00:39:24,080 --> 00:39:26,440
And David's going to
bring us into the base
555
00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:28,960
of what was that famous blue tower.
556
00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:37,240
The footprint of
the iconic blue gas holder
557
00:39:37,240 --> 00:39:39,120
is a perfect place to put down.
558
00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:45,080
It's an exhilarating
but poignant moment.
559
00:39:56,680 --> 00:40:00,280
A perfect landing in
the very centre of the circle...
560
00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:05,440
..arriving in a world
nothing like I'd expected.
561
00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:12,960
In my lifetime,
562
00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:16,280
this place had been
the crucible of Scottish industry.
563
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:22,000
Now it's just a vast, eerie,
desolate space.
564
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,480
Fragments of floors and walls
scattered around everywhere.
565
00:40:36,120 --> 00:40:37,760
I've been trying to work out
where I am
566
00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:40,840
using this aerial photograph
from 1989.
567
00:40:40,840 --> 00:40:43,880
You can see the old cooling towers
and gas holder here.
568
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:45,920
I think I'm in this building.
569
00:40:45,920 --> 00:40:47,400
It's hard to tell.
570
00:40:52,360 --> 00:40:54,840
I'm meeting up with Jack Dodds.
571
00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:58,440
He worked at Ravenscraig
for over two decades.
572
00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:01,040
It's sad when you think
what was here...
573
00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:03,760
..and everything that happened here.
574
00:41:03,760 --> 00:41:08,960
The impact that Ravenscraig had
on industrial Scotland
575
00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:10,200
at that time was massive.
576
00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:17,200
And here we are, '92...
30-odd years later. You know?
577
00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:19,320
And it's like a country park here.
578
00:41:35,240 --> 00:41:38,720
I worked here for 22 years
as a contracting electrician.
579
00:41:38,720 --> 00:41:41,760
So I worked in every area
in Ravenscraig.
580
00:41:41,760 --> 00:41:43,240
I enjoyed it.
581
00:41:43,240 --> 00:41:45,720
It was a filthy, dirty hole,
582
00:41:45,720 --> 00:41:50,480
there was continual vats of
hot metal in close proximity,
583
00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:52,480
sometimes passing over your head.
584
00:41:57,040 --> 00:42:00,560
In those days, health and safety
were two words that...
585
00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:02,280
..nobody had heard them here.
586
00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:16,720
Only men were allowed to
work in the steel mills.
587
00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:28,480
The women of Ravenscraig,
like Dorothy McCready,
588
00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:30,200
worked in the offices.
589
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:35,000
I was a wee shy lassie
when I started.
590
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,440
I wouldnae say boo to a goose.
591
00:42:37,440 --> 00:42:39,160
And when I went to Ravenscraig,
592
00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:42,640
on the front door
as you go in in the admin block,
593
00:42:42,640 --> 00:42:47,600
it was all rubberised tiles
and there was...Ravenscraig,
594
00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:50,480
there was a raven bird
standing on a craig
595
00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:52,920
and big glass doors, and I thought,
596
00:42:52,920 --> 00:42:57,560
"Ooh. This is posh. This is
awful posh for the likes of me."
597
00:42:57,560 --> 00:43:01,040
A wee lassie fae the flats,
you know?
598
00:43:01,040 --> 00:43:04,360
And it was just kind of
overwhelming at first.
599
00:43:04,360 --> 00:43:07,920
What would this have looked like
if we'd been here 30/40 years ago?
600
00:43:07,920 --> 00:43:09,640
Noisy.
601
00:43:09,640 --> 00:43:12,200
Men shouting. Steam.
602
00:43:12,200 --> 00:43:15,600
Men coming and going.
Trucks. Lorries.
603
00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:20,720
I can't say it was a heat
because I wasn't working in a heat.
604
00:43:20,720 --> 00:43:23,400
But it was busy. It was dirty.
605
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,480
You know, you get the ore dust
flying about
606
00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:29,080
and steam and smoke and...
607
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:31,480
It was...
608
00:43:32,640 --> 00:43:35,720
..typical industry, you know?
It was a man's world.
609
00:43:37,160 --> 00:43:38,480
720, Andy.
610
00:43:40,240 --> 00:43:42,160
For much of its working life,
611
00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:45,200
Ravenscraig made a profit
from steel production.
612
00:43:51,120 --> 00:43:55,480
But in the 1980s,
industrial disputes, privatisation
613
00:43:55,480 --> 00:43:59,120
and increased foreign competition
threatened its future.
614
00:44:01,080 --> 00:44:03,200
The market had fallen out of
the steel industry.
615
00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:06,400
China was sending steel here,
Mexico was sending steel here,
616
00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:09,800
and it severely hindered
this place. It did.
617
00:44:12,840 --> 00:44:16,080
Ravenscraig closed its doors
in 1992.
618
00:44:20,120 --> 00:44:23,960
The iconic towers
were demolished four years later.
619
00:44:32,240 --> 00:44:34,560
Dorothy couldn't bear to watch.
620
00:44:36,040 --> 00:44:38,160
Where I live in Law,
it's quite high up
621
00:44:38,160 --> 00:44:40,800
and I could have walked to
the top of the street
622
00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:43,000
and looked down and seen them coming
623
00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:45,080
but I couldn't do it.
I thought, "No."
624
00:44:45,080 --> 00:44:50,080
That was it. That was
the death nail. I felt that was it.
625
00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:53,320
Would it have been too sad,
almost, to watch it? Oh, aye.
626
00:44:53,320 --> 00:44:55,160
It would have been too sad for me.
627
00:45:00,680 --> 00:45:05,120
The headlines spoke of the end of
heavy industry in Scotland,
628
00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:07,560
claiming that centuries of furious
629
00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:10,600
and often ingenious activity
was over.
630
00:45:13,120 --> 00:45:18,760
Salt, shale, coal, iron, steel -
they'd all come and gone.
631
00:45:18,760 --> 00:45:22,240
What was to be the future
of Scotland's industry?
632
00:45:23,800 --> 00:45:26,440
The answer would be found
at the extremes,
633
00:45:26,440 --> 00:45:30,920
as new technologies explored
and exploited old landscapes.
634
00:45:30,920 --> 00:45:33,240
Scotland's age of oil had begun.
635
00:45:45,320 --> 00:45:49,080
Once again, it was resources
on the far edge of the country
636
00:45:49,080 --> 00:45:51,400
that regenerated our industry
637
00:45:51,400 --> 00:45:55,200
and made a living for
so many Scots, including my dad.
638
00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:06,680
In the summer of 1977,
he arrived here in Shetland.
639
00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:10,920
It was the oil boom and he'd come
to help build the colossal
640
00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:12,880
Sullom Voe oil terminal.
641
00:46:14,360 --> 00:46:18,080
My dad was one of many thousands
of Scots who got on planes
642
00:46:18,080 --> 00:46:20,480
and ferries to come here.
643
00:46:20,480 --> 00:46:23,520
It was a far cry from the tenements
and the heavy industry
644
00:46:23,520 --> 00:46:25,360
of our great cities.
645
00:46:25,360 --> 00:46:30,400
This was a remote, foreboding,
starkly beautiful landscape.
646
00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:32,280
You've got to wonder
what many of them thought,
647
00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:34,360
but I know what my dad thought.
648
00:46:34,360 --> 00:46:36,520
One of the biggest construction jobs
in the world.
649
00:46:36,520 --> 00:46:38,960
He couldn't wait to get started.
650
00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:40,920
It was a young engineer's dream.
651
00:46:44,640 --> 00:46:47,880
Aerial photographs taken in 1975
652
00:46:47,880 --> 00:46:50,360
show what was to become
the oil terminal
653
00:46:50,360 --> 00:46:54,200
as an empty stretch of peat,
coastline and heather.
654
00:46:57,040 --> 00:46:58,640
But a few years later,
655
00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:02,520
work was under way moving
ten million cubic metres of peat,
656
00:47:02,520 --> 00:47:07,920
building 25 miles of road
and 150 miles of pipeline.
657
00:47:10,720 --> 00:47:14,000
By 1981, the oil terminal
was completed,
658
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:17,040
the work of the thousands of people
who'd come here.
659
00:47:20,960 --> 00:47:22,720
People like my dad.
660
00:47:27,440 --> 00:47:29,000
During the construction,
661
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:31,960
he and my mum lived here,
in the village of Brae.
662
00:47:35,400 --> 00:47:38,480
It's a very un-Shetland like estate,
663
00:47:38,480 --> 00:47:42,080
purpose built in 1977, to house
people working on the terminal.
664
00:47:45,040 --> 00:47:47,240
A year later, I was born.
665
00:47:47,240 --> 00:47:51,040
I lived in Shetland
for the first six months of my life.
666
00:47:51,040 --> 00:47:54,120
And I've come back to meet
the present occupiers
667
00:47:54,120 --> 00:47:57,560
of my parents old house -
Aran and his daughter Mia.
668
00:47:57,560 --> 00:48:00,800
You must be Aran? Yeah.
How are you doing? I'm James.
669
00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:04,920
Mia, I've got a photograph of me
at this very space.
670
00:48:04,920 --> 00:48:07,240
Let's come out and look at this.
671
00:48:07,240 --> 00:48:10,440
So it's that door. Oh, yeah.
Just like that.
672
00:48:10,440 --> 00:48:11,960
And there we are.
673
00:48:11,960 --> 00:48:13,720
Me on my dad's shoulder.
674
00:48:13,720 --> 00:48:16,840
My dad would just have been
29 there. A year younger than me.
675
00:48:16,840 --> 00:48:19,560
A year younger than you? Wow.
You don't have the moustache.
676
00:48:19,560 --> 00:48:22,560
I think the moustache helps with
the age, doesn't it?
677
00:48:22,560 --> 00:48:24,360
It was the '70s after all.
678
00:48:24,360 --> 00:48:27,600
Now, what I want to know is
do you still have this carpet?
679
00:48:27,600 --> 00:48:29,360
ARAN LAUGHS
680
00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:31,080
The carpet has long gone
681
00:48:31,080 --> 00:48:35,000
but these houses and the community
they created survive.
682
00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:41,760
Families like mine were lucky enough
to have lived in individual homes.
683
00:48:44,000 --> 00:48:47,000
But men who came to Sullom Voe
on their own
684
00:48:47,000 --> 00:48:50,360
enjoyed rather less salubrious
accommodation.
685
00:48:56,760 --> 00:48:59,960
I'm driving just a few miles east
of the terminal
686
00:48:59,960 --> 00:49:02,160
on what looks to be a rather odd
687
00:49:02,160 --> 00:49:05,880
purposeless road
to absolutely nowhere.
688
00:49:08,680 --> 00:49:10,280
It's all that remains of
689
00:49:10,280 --> 00:49:12,000
the legendary Toft Camp,
690
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:15,160
built to house 2,400 of the workers
691
00:49:15,160 --> 00:49:17,400
who'd come to construct Sullom Voe.
692
00:49:20,640 --> 00:49:25,400
Local girl Margaret Roberts started
work at the camp as a teenager.
693
00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:30,920
When I was 14, I was old enough
to take a weekend job
694
00:49:30,920 --> 00:49:32,400
in one of the small camps,
695
00:49:32,400 --> 00:49:35,080
and I started as a chambermaid
when I was 14 so...
696
00:49:35,080 --> 00:49:37,520
So, actually, that was
the start of a 40-year career
697
00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:38,720
in the oil industry.
698
00:49:38,720 --> 00:49:40,360
What were conditions like?
699
00:49:40,360 --> 00:49:42,440
They were pretty good for the guys,
I think, in a way.
700
00:49:42,440 --> 00:49:45,440
They all had single occupancy
rooms which was, I think,
701
00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:49,440
quite unusual and, I mean, you don't
get that offshore these days.
702
00:49:49,440 --> 00:49:53,680
And... But, I mean,
it was the 1970s.
703
00:49:53,680 --> 00:49:57,200
They were working seven days a week
through the winter.
704
00:49:57,200 --> 00:49:59,520
You know, they were working
in adverse conditions,
705
00:49:59,520 --> 00:50:01,480
so I guess it was quite a hard life,
706
00:50:01,480 --> 00:50:04,600
and so they worked hard
and they played hard, in the main.
707
00:50:04,600 --> 00:50:06,680
And there must have been
a lot to clean up?
708
00:50:06,680 --> 00:50:10,200
Yeah, we had interesting times
cleaning up.
709
00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:12,040
Sometimes you would go in
to make a bed
710
00:50:12,040 --> 00:50:14,360
and find that the guy had
clearly gone straight to the pub
711
00:50:14,360 --> 00:50:15,920
in his working clothes, come home,
712
00:50:15,920 --> 00:50:17,800
gone straight to bed
in his working clothes
713
00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:21,160
cos you'd sort of be
getting the shingle off the sheets.
714
00:50:21,160 --> 00:50:22,800
He'd just gone straight back out.
715
00:50:22,800 --> 00:50:26,560
But, yeah, I mean,
it was it was mopping
716
00:50:26,560 --> 00:50:29,880
and sweeping and making beds.
That's what we did.
717
00:50:29,880 --> 00:50:34,200
Now husband and wife, Sheila
and Dave Newcomb both got new jobs
718
00:50:34,200 --> 00:50:38,520
at the oil terminal. For Dave,
it was well-paid but gruelling.
719
00:50:39,800 --> 00:50:42,680
I started about 1976...
720
00:50:42,680 --> 00:50:43,920
..right up to the end.
721
00:50:43,920 --> 00:50:47,000
Started with site trucks
and reclaiming the land
722
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:50,120
and then moved over
to the concrete side.
723
00:50:50,120 --> 00:50:52,000
We had a big mixing plant.
724
00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:56,760
We were busy all the time.
725
00:50:56,760 --> 00:51:00,880
The longest one I ever did
was about 36 hours nonstop
726
00:51:00,880 --> 00:51:04,240
to get all the concrete in.
So it was hard work.
727
00:51:07,680 --> 00:51:09,720
Had you ever experienced
anything like it?
728
00:51:09,720 --> 00:51:13,320
No, never. You couldn't.
The scale of the construction.
729
00:51:13,320 --> 00:51:15,200
I mean, you're looking at
thousands of men
730
00:51:15,200 --> 00:51:18,120
and you just wonder
where all these people went.
731
00:51:18,120 --> 00:51:21,080
It's just amazing that
when it came to break time
732
00:51:21,080 --> 00:51:23,560
all these men
popped out of ditches and holes
733
00:51:23,560 --> 00:51:25,640
and everyone went to the canteens.
734
00:51:25,640 --> 00:51:28,760
We were all designated to
a certain canteen, so...
735
00:51:28,760 --> 00:51:31,640
Ours was canteen seven,
I remember it well.
736
00:51:33,880 --> 00:51:38,680
Most of the Toft camp has gone,
but traces remain of the old pub.
737
00:51:40,320 --> 00:51:43,120
The sight of many a tranquil
evening in.
738
00:51:45,000 --> 00:51:47,800
Dave's wife Sheila
worked as a barmaid.
739
00:51:50,080 --> 00:51:52,920
I was told to
start my work on a quiet night
740
00:51:52,920 --> 00:51:54,920
and I got behind the bar
and we each...
741
00:51:54,920 --> 00:51:56,840
There was four of us.
We had four stances.
742
00:51:56,840 --> 00:51:58,600
You stayed at your own stance.
743
00:51:58,600 --> 00:52:01,080
And this guy came up to the bar,
first customer
744
00:52:01,080 --> 00:52:05,000
and he wanted 26 pints of lager
and 24 pints of beer and I said,
745
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:06,600
"You've got to be kidding me?"
746
00:52:06,600 --> 00:52:09,040
I said, "You must know that
I'm new", and he says "no".
747
00:52:09,040 --> 00:52:10,880
That was the way it was.
That was how it was
748
00:52:10,880 --> 00:52:13,920
because there was so many of them
waiting to get served
749
00:52:13,920 --> 00:52:16,080
that they just bought
huge rounds of drinks.
750
00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:22,040
What was it like, seeing
the oil industry arriving here?
751
00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:26,160
I think they got it so right because
the terminal is hardly visible
752
00:52:26,160 --> 00:52:29,400
when you drive past it
but it's such a huge terminal.
753
00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:31,520
And I just think they got it right.
754
00:52:31,520 --> 00:52:33,080
And people were afraid.
755
00:52:33,080 --> 00:52:35,840
They were fearful of
what the future was going to be.
756
00:52:35,840 --> 00:52:38,880
But I think once they saw
how it was panning out,
757
00:52:38,880 --> 00:52:42,000
that, "Yeah, this is OK."
And let's face it,
758
00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:45,120
where would Shetland be
if we didn't have the oil terminal?
759
00:52:53,760 --> 00:52:57,520
I was born at the birth of
the oil boom in Scotland.
760
00:52:58,880 --> 00:53:02,560
But the business of finding
black gold at the end of the rainbow
761
00:53:02,560 --> 00:53:04,000
has passed its peak.
762
00:53:07,600 --> 00:53:10,600
Now, they don't build
new terminals on Shetland.
763
00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:14,760
It's a place where
old rigs come to die.
764
00:53:18,480 --> 00:53:21,640
Just north of Lerwick
is a decommissioning site
765
00:53:21,640 --> 00:53:23,560
for oil rigs and platforms.
766
00:53:26,840 --> 00:53:28,040
For over a year
767
00:53:28,040 --> 00:53:31,160
they've been stripping this
12,000 tonne steel giant
768
00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:34,000
back into tiny pieces.
769
00:53:40,840 --> 00:53:45,080
This rig, it's actually older than
me. For more than four decades,
770
00:53:45,080 --> 00:53:49,520
it's been at work in some of the
harshest environments imaginable.
771
00:53:49,520 --> 00:53:52,320
And even after more than a year
of being pulled apart,
772
00:53:52,320 --> 00:53:54,000
it's still quite a sight.
773
00:53:56,560 --> 00:53:59,720
North Sea oil
was to be Britain's cash cow,
774
00:53:59,720 --> 00:54:03,480
delivering profits
to put all others to shame.
775
00:54:03,480 --> 00:54:07,120
The industry was at its height
in the late 1990s.
776
00:54:07,120 --> 00:54:09,280
But it can't last forever.
777
00:54:09,280 --> 00:54:13,640
It's estimated that another 40 years
of production is possible
778
00:54:13,640 --> 00:54:18,880
and one by one every obsolete
platform will have to be dealt with.
779
00:54:18,880 --> 00:54:22,840
Recycling the rigs is about a
commitment to cleaning up the mess
780
00:54:22,840 --> 00:54:26,680
the industry leaves behind
for the sake of the planet.
781
00:54:26,680 --> 00:54:29,560
But one day these huge works
of engineering
782
00:54:29,560 --> 00:54:32,880
that have become familiar sights
along our coastlines
783
00:54:32,880 --> 00:54:36,520
or even far out to sea
will all be gone.
784
00:54:36,520 --> 00:54:39,720
But in their place,
new giants have already arrived
785
00:54:39,720 --> 00:54:41,480
to stock our landscapes.
786
00:54:49,440 --> 00:54:51,640
The wind is one resource
that Scotland
787
00:54:51,640 --> 00:54:53,760
is unlikely to ever run out of.
788
00:54:56,760 --> 00:54:59,440
And wind turbines
have become a massive industry.
789
00:55:02,520 --> 00:55:06,800
The Scottish Government
plans by 2020 to have 100%
790
00:55:06,800 --> 00:55:11,120
of the electricity used in Scotland
produced by renewable sources.
791
00:55:12,360 --> 00:55:16,800
But where you place turbines
can be controversial.
792
00:55:16,800 --> 00:55:18,680
I know some people who get upset
793
00:55:18,680 --> 00:55:22,480
if there's a single wind turbine
anywhere in their postcode.
794
00:55:22,480 --> 00:55:26,280
I can't begin to imagine
how they'd feel if they came here.
795
00:55:26,280 --> 00:55:27,960
This is the Whitelee Wind Farm,
796
00:55:27,960 --> 00:55:30,920
at Eaglesham, south of Glasgow,
797
00:55:30,920 --> 00:55:33,920
home to not one turbine, but 215.
798
00:55:45,720 --> 00:55:50,120
Whitelee is the largest onshore
wind farm anywhere in Britain.
799
00:55:52,560 --> 00:55:56,400
It produces enough electricity
to power 300,000 homes.
800
00:55:59,360 --> 00:56:00,680
It's big.
801
00:56:07,160 --> 00:56:11,560
And to get a sense of just how big,
this is the map of Whitelee.
802
00:56:13,600 --> 00:56:16,160
And this is the city of Aberdeen -
803
00:56:16,160 --> 00:56:19,720
a city with a population
of 200,000 people.
804
00:56:25,240 --> 00:56:28,360
They say this is what
the future looks like.
805
00:56:30,400 --> 00:56:34,360
All the same, it's really just
another vast stretch of land
806
00:56:34,360 --> 00:56:36,880
co-opted in
the service of industry...
807
00:56:38,400 --> 00:56:41,120
..not so different
from many of the past.
808
00:56:42,520 --> 00:56:48,240
Industry moves so quickly. In 50
years, the wind will still be here.
809
00:56:48,240 --> 00:56:51,400
Maybe the turbines will,
maybe they won't.
810
00:56:51,400 --> 00:56:54,320
Time and again, new industries
have come to dominate
811
00:56:54,320 --> 00:56:57,680
Scotland's landscapes
and have then all but vanished.
812
00:56:59,640 --> 00:57:02,760
But what they've shared
is a reliance on the resources
813
00:57:02,760 --> 00:57:04,480
found all around us -
814
00:57:04,480 --> 00:57:06,280
the slate of Belnahua...
815
00:57:08,920 --> 00:57:10,360
..the iron for Carron...
816
00:57:12,520 --> 00:57:14,520
..the salt for St Monans.
817
00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:21,240
The landscape still holds
these traces and memories.
818
00:57:21,240 --> 00:57:23,360
And when we look down on our past,
819
00:57:23,360 --> 00:57:26,440
we can see industry
at the heart of it all.
820
00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:31,960
Across this whole series,
821
00:57:31,960 --> 00:57:33,640
it's been exhilarating
822
00:57:33,640 --> 00:57:36,000
flying over so much of Scotland.
823
00:57:37,680 --> 00:57:39,440
It's been an adventure too,
824
00:57:39,440 --> 00:57:41,800
descending Canna's towering cliffs
825
00:57:41,800 --> 00:57:44,040
in search of forgotten remains...
826
00:57:46,520 --> 00:57:50,080
..or riding the highest road
in Scotland on a mountain bike.
827
00:57:53,880 --> 00:57:56,360
With the view from above
as your guide,
828
00:57:56,360 --> 00:57:58,840
you can seek out remarkable sights
829
00:57:58,840 --> 00:58:01,400
and understand our past
more clearly.
830
00:58:03,160 --> 00:58:06,400
From huge forts
that once dominated hilltops...
831
00:58:08,600 --> 00:58:10,360
..to a lost fleets of ships
832
00:58:10,360 --> 00:58:13,080
that brought riches to
our biggest city.
833
00:58:17,880 --> 00:58:19,320
Look down and you can
834
00:58:19,320 --> 00:58:21,160
see it laid out before you,
835
00:58:21,160 --> 00:58:23,320
an ever-changing landscape...
836
00:58:24,400 --> 00:58:28,280
..with Scotland's fascinating story
written all over it.
70798
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