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1
00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:16,200
In 1845, an ambitious
British expedition
2
00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:20,200
set out to find one of the greatest
prizes in all exploration -
3
00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:24,640
the elusive Northwest Passage.
4
00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:27,760
Armed with the latest equipment,
5
00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:31,760
Sir John Franklin led two ships
into uncharted Arctic waters...
6
00:00:34,920 --> 00:00:38,920
..but they vanished,
never to return.
7
00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:42,560
There is no story in the history
of British exploration
8
00:00:42,560 --> 00:00:44,760
that ends as tragically as this -
9
00:00:44,760 --> 00:00:48,760
129 men disappear off the face
of the earth.
10
00:00:52,240 --> 00:00:55,840
Clues have been found -
11
00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:57,880
bodies in the ice,
12
00:00:57,880 --> 00:01:01,880
unexplained sightings of
a mysterious ghost ship,
13
00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:06,520
even signs of cannibalism...
14
00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:10,440
..but without the ships themselves,
15
00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:14,440
this remains one of the world's
most enduring maritime mysteries.
16
00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:19,800
Ships don't just disappear...
17
00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:23,800
..and if there is a Franklin
expedition ship, we will find
that ship.
18
00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:27,840
In 2014,
19
00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:30,680
archaeologists mounted the biggest
modern search for the wrecks.
20
00:01:30,680 --> 00:01:33,280
Combining 21st-century technology
21
00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:37,280
and previously dismissed
eyewitness accounts,
22
00:01:39,440 --> 00:01:43,440
they made an astonishing discovery.
23
00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:45,640
We're both looking at the
sonar monitor,
24
00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:48,200
I jabbed my finger at the screen
and lunged forward and said,
25
00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:51,280
"That's it! That's it!"
26
00:01:51,280 --> 00:01:55,280
'The search teams have finally
hit the jackpot.'
27
00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:58,320
After more than a century
of searching,
28
00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:02,320
one of Franklin's lost ships
is coming back from the dead.
29
00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:03,760
Oh... Is that a gun?
30
00:02:03,760 --> 00:02:07,760
Oh, my God. We are going to open up
a window directly into history.
31
00:02:11,080 --> 00:02:12,960
This is the exclusive inside story
32
00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:16,960
of a discovery that's set to rewrite
the history of exploration
33
00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:21,040
and could finally solve
the mystery of John Franklin's
doomed expedition.
34
00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:43,680
In the summer of 1845,
35
00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:47,680
Sir John Franklin led an expedition
to conquer the Northwest Passage,
36
00:02:48,080 --> 00:02:52,080
the fabled route linking Europe
with Asia.
37
00:02:55,320 --> 00:02:58,160
The approaches to the passage
were already mapped,
38
00:02:58,160 --> 00:02:59,240
but in between,
39
00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:03,080
a treacherous uncharted maze of
islands and ice
40
00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:07,080
had defied explorers for centuries.
41
00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:11,240
Franklin's mission was to navigate
that final link
42
00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:15,240
and claim the passage for
the British Empire.
43
00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:20,280
The fact that there's an empty space
on the chart, a terra incognita,
44
00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:25,760
that's both appealing but also
an insult to the British Navy.
45
00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:29,880
They need to fill in
the lines on the map.
46
00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:33,880
There's power in the ink lines
that are drawn on charts -
47
00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:39,600
it's ownership, it's sovereignty,
it's politics.
48
00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:44,120
Franklyn's expedition set off
in a blaze of publicity,
49
00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,200
surrounded by a great
deal of enthusiasm.
50
00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,640
Franklin, the distinguished
veteran of the Arctic,
51
00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:54,640
would lead this two-ship expedition
to success.
52
00:03:57,560 --> 00:03:59,640
To force the passage,
53
00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:03,640
Franklin assembled the best-equipped
Arctic expedition there'd ever been.
54
00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:14,600
HMS Erebus and HMS Terror
were ex-gunships,
55
00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:17,520
now fitted with the
latest innovations,
56
00:04:17,520 --> 00:04:21,520
such as central heating
and steam propulsion.
57
00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:25,200
Plans held at the
National Maritime Museum
58
00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:27,840
show their hulls strengthened
against the ice
59
00:04:27,840 --> 00:04:31,840
with extra layers of oak
and iron plating...
60
00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:38,640
..protection against the desolate
and hostile wilderness
61
00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:42,400
they were about to enter.
62
00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:45,240
It was somewhere that had fascinated
men for hundreds of years
63
00:04:45,240 --> 00:04:47,880
but they'd never mastered
the environment.
64
00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:50,640
It was very much the dark side
of the moon
65
00:04:50,640 --> 00:04:54,640
as far as the Victorians
were concerned.
66
00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:59,960
In July 1845, Erebus and Terror
were last seen by whaling ships
67
00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:06,160
at the gateway to the
Northwest Passage.
68
00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:10,720
From there, they sailed off
the edge of the known world.
69
00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:16,040
They never came back.
70
00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:29,400
In 2014, the biggest modern hunt
for Franklin's ships
71
00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:33,400
is getting underway.
72
00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:37,200
Led by the Canadian government,
73
00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:41,200
this multi-agency task force is the
culmination of six years' effort...
74
00:05:42,880 --> 00:05:46,880
..with icebreakers, helicopters and
state-of-the-art sonar equipment,
75
00:05:47,280 --> 00:05:51,280
all carefully manoeuvred
into position.
76
00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:56,120
One of the driving forces behind
this year's search effort
77
00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:59,320
is John Geiger.
78
00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:02,560
It's the greatest mystery
in exploration history,
79
00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:04,640
There is nothing that compares
with it.
80
00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:06,880
It's really important from
a historical standpoint
81
00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:09,960
to understand what happened to them.
82
00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:12,680
Parks Canada's lead diver,
Ryan Harris,
83
00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:16,160
has been searching for the wrecks
for much of his career.
84
00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:18,520
This is actually our sixth
field season
85
00:06:18,520 --> 00:06:20,400
searching for Franklin's lost ships.
86
00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:24,400
We're hoping that there is going to
be a payday down the road here.
87
00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:34,440
These hostile seas are frozen
solid for ten months a year,
88
00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:39,040
leaving only a brief summer
search window.
89
00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:47,000
With huge expanses of ocean floor
to survey,
90
00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:49,800
underwater archaeologist
Marc-Andre Bernier
91
00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:52,760
knows they'll have to work fast
92
00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:56,760
so, this year, they've brought
a secret weapon.
93
00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:04,600
Well, what we have here is an
autonomous underwater vehicle -
94
00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:08,600
it's basically an
unmanned torpedo
95
00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:12,680
that we can deploy and it will follow
the route that we've asked to follow,
96
00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:18,040
gather data and come back
with that data.
97
00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:22,160
This piece of equipment
is quite spectacular.
98
00:07:25,480 --> 00:07:27,680
Better known as the AUV,
99
00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:31,680
it uses sonar technology to obtain
a detailed image of the sea floor.
100
00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:38,920
..to Zodiac, just to confirm,
the vehicle is go.
101
00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:42,000
Originally designed to
detect naval mines,
102
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:46,000
it will now be used to search
for the two missing wrecks.
103
00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:51,040
This is Zodiac. We will hang by
in location for a little longer.
104
00:07:56,320 --> 00:08:00,320
Franklin's expedition entered
the Arctic in 1845
105
00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:04,520
with supplies for three years...
106
00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:08,360
..but, three years later,
there was no news
107
00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:10,600
and, with every passing month,
108
00:08:10,600 --> 00:08:14,600
fears were growing that something
had gone wrong.
109
00:08:14,920 --> 00:08:18,920
In 1850, search parties were sent
to the Arctic...
110
00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:27,080
..and, on Beechey Island, at the
entrance to the Northwest Passage,
111
00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:31,640
the first clue was found...
112
00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,880
..graves -
113
00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:41,880
three sailors who had died during
Franklin's very first winter
in the Arctic.
114
00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:45,960
This shouldn't happen,
115
00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:48,920
three men should not die in the first
winter of an Arctic expedition.
116
00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:52,920
They've only been out of Britain
six months. What's killing them?
117
00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:58,200
With Erebus and Terror stuck
in the ice,
118
00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,600
Franklin's expedition spent
their first winter here,
119
00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:05,600
at Beechey Island.
120
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:09,720
Overwintering was something
they'd anticipated,
121
00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:13,720
burying three of their crew was not.
122
00:09:13,760 --> 00:09:16,720
Strangely, they marked one grave
123
00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:20,720
with an unsettling quote
from the Bible:
124
00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:29,080
"Thus saith the Lord of hosts,
consider your ways."
125
00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:32,880
Puzzling, it's ominous.
126
00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:34,720
Has something gone wrong?
127
00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:37,720
Do they sense that something
is going to go wrong
128
00:09:37,720 --> 00:09:41,720
for the rest of the expedition?
129
00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:47,360
It's tragic but it's also
the first proof
130
00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:51,360
that this is where Franklin
and his men have been.
131
00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:57,920
Over a century later, in 1984,
132
00:09:57,920 --> 00:10:01,920
archaeologists exhumed the bodies
to try to find out why they died.
133
00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:12,400
The corpses of Franklin's men
134
00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:16,400
were shockingly well preserved
in the frozen ground.
135
00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:22,080
Tests revealed high levels of lead,
136
00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:26,080
giving rise to the theory that toxic
tinned food had poisoned them...
137
00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:32,240
..but what actually killed them
remained a mystery...
138
00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:39,400
..and, frustratingly,
139
00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:43,400
nothing at the grave site indicated
where the expedition had gone next.
140
00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:53,360
All we know is that by springtime,
the ice had broken up
141
00:10:54,040 --> 00:11:05,000
and Franklin pushed on,
deeper into the maze.
142
00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:16,240
In the waters of
the Northwest Passage,
143
00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:20,240
the search for Franklin's
lost ships continues.
144
00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:28,160
The AUV has brought back
detailed images of the seafloor.
145
00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:32,520
Anything man-made would
show up immediately.
146
00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:36,400
So far, they've drawn a blank.
147
00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:39,400
And there's worse to come.
148
00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:43,400
When this part of the search team
runs into heavy sea ice,
149
00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:47,400
it's a worrying development.
150
00:11:48,520 --> 00:11:51,240
As hard as it may be to believe,
this is somewhere in the Arctic.
151
00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:53,360
This is...parts of the Arctic.
152
00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:57,360
This is as good as it's going
to get this year.
153
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:01,240
There's more ice here this summer
154
00:12:01,240 --> 00:12:03,800
than there's been
for several years.
155
00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:07,120
It's thought that Franklin faced
exactly the same conditions
156
00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:11,120
170 years ago.
157
00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:16,960
In some odd way,
this is as it should be.
158
00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:20,960
This is a lot closer to what
Franklin was dealing with.
159
00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:30,200
And you get here and you realise that
this is why Erebus and Terror
160
00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:31,920
have not been found.
161
00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:35,120
It's a very difficult
part of the world to operate in.
162
00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:38,800
If it were easy, it would
have been done many, many years ago.
163
00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:42,800
Maybe we'll get lucky.
164
00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:51,240
In the same waters in 1846,
luck was not on the side of Franklin
165
00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:56,400
and his crew.
166
00:13:01,720 --> 00:13:04,720
More than a decade after
the expedition disappeared,
167
00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:07,280
a second vital clue was found,
168
00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:11,280
left by Franklin's men
in an icy cairn.
169
00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:15,800
The note's an incredible document,
170
00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:19,800
the only written record of the fate
of the Franklin crews.
171
00:13:22,280 --> 00:13:24,640
How can a piece of paper
172
00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:26,280
hold fortune in its hands?
173
00:13:26,280 --> 00:13:28,240
This is the most important object
174
00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:32,240
that has been recovered.
175
00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:36,360
This precious piece of
the Franklin puzzle is now
176
00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:40,360
held at the National Maritime Museum
in London.
177
00:13:45,160 --> 00:13:48,360
It was standard naval practice
to issue these kind of notes
178
00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:52,360
with a standard blank form that
would be filled in when necessary.
179
00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:54,280
The notes were then placed in tubes
180
00:13:54,280 --> 00:13:55,800
like these, they could just be left
181
00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:59,800
for people to find information
about the expedition.
182
00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:04,600
The note reveals that, after
their first winter in the Arctic,
183
00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,600
the expedition sailed
some 300 miles south
184
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:11,600
before the sea
froze around them again.
185
00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:17,640
And they spent a second winter
locked in the ice.
186
00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:23,440
But crammed in around the margins
of the same note
187
00:14:23,440 --> 00:14:26,120
is a disturbing update.
188
00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:30,120
Added a year later,
it contains only bad news.
189
00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:39,920
Doctor? Yes?
190
00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:46,840
HE COUGHS
191
00:14:46,840 --> 00:14:50,840
Sir John Franklin was dead.
192
00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:56,760
Nine other officers and
15 men had also passed away.
193
00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:05,520
Something was going seriously wrong.
194
00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:12,680
The loss of any leader in the middle
of an expedition isn't good news.
195
00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:17,680
Particularly so when you're
stranded in the middle of nowhere
196
00:15:18,120 --> 00:15:20,360
in a hostile environment.
197
00:15:20,360 --> 00:15:24,360
A devastating morale-blow.
198
00:15:26,400 --> 00:15:30,400
To make matters worse, that summer
the sea refused to thaw.
199
00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:34,080
Trapped in the ice,
200
00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:38,080
the crew now faced a third
gruelling winter in the Arctic.
201
00:15:42,880 --> 00:15:46,880
In the perpetual gloom, the ship's
bells where rung every half an hour
202
00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:52,200
to mark the passing of time.
203
00:15:57,120 --> 00:16:00,720
The note says that the captain
of HMS Terror, Francis Crozier,
204
00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:03,360
was now in command.
205
00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:07,200
With Franklin dead
and supplies running low,
206
00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:11,200
he ordered the men to
abandon the ships.
207
00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:16,520
They would attempt to march
hundreds of miles south
208
00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:19,920
where a river provided
a possible route inland
209
00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:23,920
to the nearest trading post.
210
00:16:24,920 --> 00:16:28,920
It is the most enigmatic of clues,
it's just enough to locate them
211
00:16:29,680 --> 00:16:32,240
in the landscape,
it's just enough to tell you
212
00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:34,160
that something terrible has happened,
213
00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:37,400
it's just enough to point you in
the right direction to follow them
214
00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:41,400
but there are so many things
that are not there.
215
00:16:58,880 --> 00:17:02,560
Thanks to Captain Crozier's note,
the search team has
216
00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:06,560
the coordinates of the last known
position of Franklin's ships.
217
00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:19,520
There's thick ice here, so with
their summer-search window
218
00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:23,040
closing fast, the coastguard
helicopter goes up
219
00:17:23,040 --> 00:17:25,560
to look for open water.
220
00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:29,560
RADIO STATIC
221
00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:34,280
'...the ship right here,
you've got at least...
222
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:38,320
'eight to ten miles in open water
223
00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:42,320
'before the next
concentration of ice.'
224
00:17:42,360 --> 00:17:44,160
That's good.
225
00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:48,160
Actually, that's excellent.
226
00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:51,680
It's been a sort of
cat-and-mouse game.
227
00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:54,320
We feel like we have a break,
we feel like we have a shot
228
00:17:54,320 --> 00:17:58,320
and then the ice shifts
and the doors close.
229
00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:04,120
The good news is that, to the north
of us, there is a large opening.
230
00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:08,400
This is right where we want to be,
231
00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:11,480
it's right in the primary
search zone, so, essentially,
232
00:18:11,480 --> 00:18:15,480
we have a shot here, a chance
to get the AUV in the water.
233
00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:21,080
We're waiting to launch
the first mission of the day.
234
00:18:21,080 --> 00:18:25,080
We're going to look
at the first block of 4km long.
235
00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:33,200
There we go.
236
00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:40,080
Now the waiting starts.
237
00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:46,840
Do you have a visual on it now?
238
00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:48,600
Just a couple of hours in,
239
00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:52,600
drifting ice is yet again
spotted near the AUV.
240
00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:59,560
The run is aborted.
241
00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,800
In the northern area,
it's been the problem.
242
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:04,960
It's changing very rapidly.
243
00:19:04,960 --> 00:19:08,960
This morning we had a window, a very
large window, so we went out and,
244
00:19:09,480 --> 00:19:13,200
very rapidly, that opening
closed on us from outside,
245
00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:17,200
so now we had to abort.
246
00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:22,800
The ice is moving quickly around us,
again capturing us, trapping us.
247
00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:35,080
With heavy sea ice all around them,
the AUV is pulled out of the hunt.
248
00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:41,960
It's a frustrating setback
and winter is approaching fast.
249
00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:46,720
But all is not lost.
250
00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:49,840
The team has also
been following a second lead,
251
00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:53,840
based on information
that was once overlooked.
252
00:19:56,920 --> 00:20:00,600
In the oral history
of local Inuit populations,
253
00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:04,600
there are intriguing stories
of a long vessel...
254
00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:15,000
..seen drifting 100 miles from where
the ships were supposedly abandoned.
255
00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:23,720
At the last recorded
position of Franklin's ships,
256
00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:27,560
thick sea ice is blocking the
search.
257
00:20:27,560 --> 00:20:30,800
But further south,
there's a second search zone,
258
00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:34,800
based on some intriguing clues.
259
00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:39,800
Nomadic Inuits have lived in this
part of the Arctic
260
00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:41,720
for nearly 1,000 years.
261
00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:43,280
There's no written history here,
262
00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:47,040
but information is handed
down in other ways.
263
00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:51,040
Oral history is our science,
it's the science of Inuit.
264
00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:55,600
That's how we learn about where to go
and get the food,
265
00:20:56,520 --> 00:21:00,520
or you may know about these
ice conditions in the springtime.
266
00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:07,080
Oral history had to be very,
very accurate
267
00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:10,040
because if it was not,
268
00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:14,040
it could mean death.
269
00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:24,560
Could these oral traditions provide
an important clue
270
00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:28,560
to the fate of the Franklin
Expedition?
271
00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:36,200
In 1848, after three winters
stuck in the ice,
272
00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:40,200
the surviving crew members
abandoned the ships.
273
00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:44,560
Stories passed down by Inuit
hunters record sightings of the men
274
00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:47,800
as they marched south.
275
00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:51,800
Behind them, they dragged boats,
laden with supplies.
276
00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:59,920
They were walking in the soft snow,
and then into cracks in the ice
277
00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:04,000
where your foot would plunge
through.
278
00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:08,720
It was an extremely hard, physical
and therefore mental experience.
279
00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:17,760
If they stop, they die,
but there's no solution,
280
00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:21,320
so they walk, and they pick
themselves up and they try
281
00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:25,320
and head south, pulling the ship's
boats behind them.
282
00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:41,480
One remarkable face-to-face
encounter with the starving crew
283
00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:45,560
was described by Inuit hunters.
284
00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:50,040
MAN CALLS OUT
285
00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,160
HE CALLS OUT AGAIN
286
00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:55,280
An English officer came forward,
287
00:22:55,280 --> 00:22:59,280
shouting the Inuit
word for "friend".
288
00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:03,160
Some believe
this was Captain Crozier,
289
00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:07,160
who had learned some
words on a previous expedition.
290
00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:10,360
HE SPEAKS INUIT
291
00:23:10,360 --> 00:23:14,360
He was given seal
meat for his hungry crew.
292
00:23:15,240 --> 00:23:19,240
HE GASPS
293
00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,960
But there was no way the Inuit
could support so many men,
294
00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:28,440
so they left, knowing it would have
been suicide to stay.
295
00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:30,240
HE CALLS OUT AFTER THEM
296
00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:34,240
Franklin's doomed crew
continued to march south
297
00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:38,920
through the frozen wilderness.
298
00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:56,760
The word "cold" as we know it
takes on a different meaning.
299
00:23:56,760 --> 00:24:00,760
You feel like you want to roll
up in a foetal ball all the time.
300
00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:04,840
You become inactive, weak-willed,
you don't want to do anything
301
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:10,200
other than creep into some place
where there is no wind and no cold.
302
00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:19,600
As you get farther from the ships,
303
00:24:19,600 --> 00:24:22,040
bodies are found lying on the beach,
304
00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:26,040
lying on gravel ridges, lying
in small camps, bodies everywhere.
305
00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:47,440
Some time later, Inuit hunters
came across one of these camps.
306
00:24:48,680 --> 00:24:52,680
With no sign of survivors.
They made a grisly discovery.
307
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:58,320
When news of it reached England,
it sparked outrage.
308
00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:04,880
So this is 1854,
this is The Times, October 23rd.
309
00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:13,320
"The bodies of some 30 persons were
discovered. Some were in a tent.
310
00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:21,440
"Others under the boat, which had
been turned to form a shelter.
311
00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:28,440
"From the mutilated
state of many of the corpses,
312
00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:32,320
and from the contents
of the kettles, it is evident
313
00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:36,320
"that our wretched countrymen had
been driven to the last resource...
314
00:25:39,480 --> 00:25:43,480
"..cannibalism...
as a means of prolonging existence."
315
00:25:51,120 --> 00:25:55,120
It's a horrendous, horrific truth
for the Victorian public to hear.
316
00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:01,840
Heroes don't eat each other,
least of all naval heroes.
317
00:26:03,920 --> 00:26:07,920
To many in Britain, the stories
of cannibalism were an insult,
318
00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:12,400
and none other than Charles Dickens
leapt to the men's defence.
319
00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:17,560
He dismissed the Inuit accounts as
the uncivilised chatter,
320
00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:20,440
"Of a gross handful of people,
321
00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:24,440
"with a domesticity of blood
and blubber."
322
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:30,160
But in 1992, archaeologists
settled the matter once and for all
323
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:35,280
when they examined another camp in
forensic detail.
324
00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:39,840
This site map shows
the distribution of the bones
325
00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:41,600
that we uncovered at the site.
326
00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:45,600
On this end of the site,
there is a scattering of bones,
327
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:49,880
they are fairly widely scattered,
and then as we move towards this end
328
00:26:49,880 --> 00:26:53,640
of the site, you see a dense
concentration of bones
329
00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:57,640
in this area here.
330
00:27:00,120 --> 00:27:04,120
The first bone in which I identified
a cut mark was a left pelvic bone.
331
00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:09,160
I turned it over, uncovered it,
lifted it up from the soil
332
00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:11,560
and found a distinct cut mark,
333
00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:15,560
clearly identifiable as the mark that
was not made by an animal.
334
00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:23,280
These kinds of human-made cut marks
335
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:25,760
tend to have a V-shaped
cross-section,
336
00:27:25,760 --> 00:27:29,760
depending on the shape of the blade.
337
00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:38,160
The marks were made by metal blades.
338
00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:45,760
Flesh was stripped from these bones
339
00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:49,120
by knives forged from British steel
340
00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:53,120
in a last,
desperate bid for survival.
341
00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:58,640
MAN COUGHS
342
00:27:58,640 --> 00:28:01,360
The Inuit reports were vindicated.
343
00:28:01,360 --> 00:28:03,000
In its disgust,
344
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:07,000
Victorian Britain had rejected their
stories as unreliable folklore.
345
00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:17,360
But in dismissing Inuit oral
tradition,
346
00:28:17,360 --> 00:28:20,080
many later searches also
overlooked clues
347
00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:24,080
about the fate of Franklin's ships.
348
00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:28,000
According to Inuit accounts,
one of the abandoned ships was
349
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:32,000
crushed in the ice before sinking
off King William Island.
350
00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:38,360
But oral history also preserves
clues about the fate of the
second ship.
351
00:28:39,280 --> 00:28:42,480
In recent years, this local
knowledge has been gathered together
352
00:28:42,480 --> 00:28:46,480
by amateur historian Louis Kamookak.
353
00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:50,440
With the elders involved,
354
00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:54,440
we collected all the place
names in this region,
355
00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:58,320
because place name is one way
oral history is passed down.
356
00:28:58,320 --> 00:29:02,320
Oral history is passed down by
speaking, telling stories,
357
00:29:03,440 --> 00:29:07,440
but it's also in the place names.
358
00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:11,720
Those names all point towards the
presence of a ship far to the south.
359
00:29:13,920 --> 00:29:17,800
So there's places like...
Simpson Strait...
360
00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:20,040
a boat place,
361
00:29:20,040 --> 00:29:24,000
that's a story where one of the ships
was when it was still afloat.
362
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:28,000
That's why it's called a "boat
place".
363
00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:31,840
The idea that one of Franklin's
ships could have made it this
364
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:35,840
far south, 100 miles from its last
recorded position, is intriguing.
365
00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:44,960
Other Inuit sightings extend right
down towards the mainland,
366
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:47,040
and guided by that information,
367
00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:51,040
this has become another focus for
recent searches.
368
00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:07,480
'So what do we have?
369
00:30:07,480 --> 00:30:09,680
'Detailed oral history'
370
00:30:09,680 --> 00:30:13,680
that really helps us
define where to start looking.
371
00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:19,240
Were it not for information provided
by the Inuit,
372
00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:22,640
we would have no reason to start
looking for Franklin's ships
373
00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:26,640
down in Wilmot and Crampton Bay.
374
00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:32,760
These southern waters have remained
ice-free all summer
375
00:30:32,760 --> 00:30:36,520
and a boat run by the Arctic
Research Foundation has been
376
00:30:36,520 --> 00:30:40,520
surveying here with a towed sonar
unit.
377
00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:46,200
That's the safety cable for this
one, we don't want to lose it!
378
00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:53,440
This time, the data comes in live
379
00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:57,440
and searchers work in shifts to keep
a constant eye on the screens.
380
00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:08,920
Another team of archaeologists is
looking for evidence
381
00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:12,920
of the Franklin Expedition on land,
led by Professor Doug Stenton.
382
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:18,400
When they return from a routine
survey, it's helicopter pilot
383
00:31:18,400 --> 00:31:22,400
Andrew Stirling who brings
news of an exciting breakthrough.
384
00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,320
Just walking on the beach, something
caught my eye,
385
00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:34,320
and it just looked out of place,
the colour, behind a rock,
386
00:31:34,680 --> 00:31:37,160
so I just went over to investigate
it.
387
00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:41,160
Wasn't sure at that time
what it was.
388
00:31:42,280 --> 00:31:45,320
It was a large piece,
it was unusual,
389
00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:48,960
it wasn't your usual artefact on the
ground so I looked around,
390
00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:50,920
Doug's finished up, so we called
him over,
391
00:31:50,920 --> 00:31:54,920
and he's like, "Oh, good find!"
392
00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:03,160
It was just unmistakable what the
significance was.
393
00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:08,040
It was marked with two Royal Navy
broad arrows,
394
00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:12,040
an indisputable indication
that this came from a Royal Navy ship
395
00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:16,480
and undeniably from either Erebus
or Terror.
396
00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:20,200
In the 19th century,
397
00:32:20,200 --> 00:32:24,200
these arrow ship marks were used to
identify British Navy property.
398
00:32:25,080 --> 00:32:28,440
The object is quickly identified
from the ship's plans
399
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:32,440
as the metal fitting that supported
one of the ship's cranes.
400
00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:39,880
In over a century of searching,
this is by far
401
00:32:40,560 --> 00:32:44,560
the most important clue to the
whereabouts of Franklin's ships.
402
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:47,440
This large iron object,
403
00:32:47,440 --> 00:32:49,880
very close to where the Inuit report
404
00:32:49,880 --> 00:32:52,240
that they encounter one of these
ships,
405
00:32:52,240 --> 00:32:54,920
to find this in that vicinity
is very exciting
406
00:32:54,920 --> 00:32:59,900
And it really told
us we were barking up the right tree.
407
00:33:12,220 --> 00:33:15,340
The discovery of a metal artefact
from one of Franklin's ships
408
00:33:15,340 --> 00:33:19,340
has dramatically reduced
the radius of the search.
409
00:33:24,780 --> 00:33:26,860
The object is too large and heavy
410
00:33:26,860 --> 00:33:30,860
to have travelled far
from its parent ship.
411
00:33:31,620 --> 00:33:34,380
So the Parks Canada team
deploys its sonar equipment
412
00:33:34,380 --> 00:33:38,380
in the surrounding waters.
413
00:33:46,020 --> 00:33:50,020
After just a few minutes,
a signal appears.
414
00:33:51,780 --> 00:33:55,780
My colleague and I
were manning the sonar station.
415
00:33:56,900 --> 00:34:00,900
We were both looking at the sonar
monitor and there it comes.
416
00:34:05,460 --> 00:34:09,460
It was the unmistakable outline
of a shipwreck.
417
00:34:10,980 --> 00:34:13,940
No doubt what it was.
418
00:34:13,940 --> 00:34:17,940
Started to scroll down the monitor.
419
00:34:18,380 --> 00:34:20,260
And it wasn't even halfway onto
the screen
420
00:34:20,260 --> 00:34:22,780
before you really knew
what you were looking at.
421
00:34:22,780 --> 00:34:24,500
I jabbed my figure at the screen
422
00:34:24,500 --> 00:34:28,500
and kind of lunged forward and said,
"That's it, that it!"
423
00:34:34,660 --> 00:34:37,180
When I saw...
424
00:34:37,180 --> 00:34:41,180
the image of the ship coming down,
I just...it cut my legs, literally.
425
00:34:45,940 --> 00:34:47,340
Oh, my God!
426
00:34:47,340 --> 00:34:50,740
This is going to be
a treasure trove of information
427
00:34:50,740 --> 00:34:54,740
and we are going to really open up
a window directly into history.
428
00:35:04,060 --> 00:35:06,380
This is a great
moment for exploration.
429
00:35:06,380 --> 00:35:10,380
We have been searching for 160 years
for answers
430
00:35:10,580 --> 00:35:14,580
to what happened
to the Franklin Expedition.
431
00:35:16,220 --> 00:35:19,940
The best equipped, most finely
prepared and trained expedition
432
00:35:19,940 --> 00:35:22,460
that had ever set out
for the North West Passage
433
00:35:22,460 --> 00:35:25,940
and to have it literally obliterated,
end in mass disaster,
434
00:35:25,940 --> 00:35:28,780
no survivors and no ships.
435
00:35:28,780 --> 00:35:32,780
It's just, er,
it's been a confounding mystery.
436
00:35:35,700 --> 00:35:38,140
To finally have something
significant,
437
00:35:38,140 --> 00:35:42,100
to finally have a ship is incredible.
438
00:35:42,100 --> 00:35:46,100
I had spent most of my adult life
dreaming of this day
439
00:35:46,140 --> 00:35:48,860
and, you know, it's here.
440
00:35:48,860 --> 00:35:52,860
This is a day of some very good news
441
00:35:53,700 --> 00:35:57,700
and that is that we have found
one of the two Franklin ships.
442
00:35:58,540 --> 00:36:02,540
APPLAUSE
443
00:36:03,500 --> 00:36:05,700
Scientists have located
one of the ships
444
00:36:05,700 --> 00:36:07,580
from the fabled
Franklin Expedition....
445
00:36:07,580 --> 00:36:10,540
One of two ships used to search for
the North West Passage...
446
00:36:10,540 --> 00:36:13,420
The search team have finally
hit the jackpot...
447
00:36:13,420 --> 00:36:15,500
An absolutely incredible
day for those people,
448
00:36:15,500 --> 00:36:19,500
some of whom have spent
a good chunk of their lives...
449
00:36:25,060 --> 00:36:28,340
For the search team,
it is the find of a lifetime.
450
00:36:28,340 --> 00:36:31,380
But there is no time to
bask in the glory.
451
00:36:31,380 --> 00:36:34,020
They are hoping for a closer
look at the wreck
452
00:36:34,020 --> 00:36:38,020
before the seas
freeze over for the winter.
453
00:36:41,220 --> 00:36:45,220
3,000. Right. 21.
454
00:36:48,740 --> 00:36:52,740
They waste no time putting
the first divers in the water.
455
00:37:08,300 --> 00:37:11,020
I caught a glimpse of the timber
on the sea floor,
456
00:37:11,020 --> 00:37:14,620
followed along its length.
457
00:37:14,620 --> 00:37:18,620
Just growing anticipation
and excitement and then, boom!
458
00:37:25,980 --> 00:37:28,060
Towering overhead out of the haze
459
00:37:28,060 --> 00:37:32,020
loomed the bulk of this
stately shipwreck.
460
00:37:32,020 --> 00:37:36,020
Four or five metres tall.
461
00:37:37,500 --> 00:37:38,860
That sensation,
462
00:37:38,860 --> 00:37:42,300
finally laying hands on the side of
this historic shipwreck...
463
00:37:42,300 --> 00:37:46,300
it was quite a remarkable experience
that I will never forget.
464
00:37:50,900 --> 00:37:53,980
From the beginning of that
dive to the very end,
465
00:37:53,980 --> 00:37:57,980
it was almost too much to take in.
466
00:38:00,020 --> 00:38:02,580
Sitting 11 metres below the surface,
467
00:38:02,580 --> 00:38:06,300
the wreck is a diver's dream.
468
00:38:06,300 --> 00:38:10,300
In the cold Arctic water, the level
of preservation is remarkable.
469
00:38:11,580 --> 00:38:15,580
And artefacts are strewn across
the site in plain view.
470
00:38:16,900 --> 00:38:19,220
'Is that a gun? It's a cannon.
471
00:38:19,220 --> 00:38:23,220
'Incredible! Is that two of them?
Two of them.'
472
00:38:26,060 --> 00:38:29,980
There is so much to see,
it boggles the mind.
473
00:38:29,980 --> 00:38:33,500
From the surface, the Canadian
Hydrographic Service carries out
474
00:38:33,500 --> 00:38:37,500
more sonar work to build up
a 3D image of the entire wreck.
475
00:38:43,020 --> 00:38:46,980
Its masts have been swept
away by drifting ice.
476
00:38:46,980 --> 00:38:50,980
But the body of the ship remains
remarkably intact.
477
00:39:03,860 --> 00:39:05,180
Holes in the deck
478
00:39:05,180 --> 00:39:09,180
even allow the divers to get their
first look inside the ship.
479
00:39:13,380 --> 00:39:16,980
I was peering around inside the
ship, just gazing inside
480
00:39:16,980 --> 00:39:20,980
and you could look forward and see
murky features.
481
00:39:21,300 --> 00:39:25,300
Just the incredible
sensation of being inside.
482
00:39:25,860 --> 00:39:29,460
Sharing this place where the men of
Franklin Expedition went through
483
00:39:29,460 --> 00:39:31,140
these difficult experiences.
484
00:39:31,140 --> 00:39:35,100
That is where they would have spent
long, harrowing winters,
485
00:39:35,100 --> 00:39:39,100
the dark Arctic nights.
486
00:39:41,380 --> 00:39:43,460
It's just an absolute
remarkable site,
487
00:39:43,460 --> 00:39:46,340
the fact that it still stands intact,
488
00:39:46,340 --> 00:39:50,340
it allows you to, sort of,
place yourself there.
489
00:39:52,860 --> 00:39:56,860
You feel this connection with the
past. It's really quite astonishing.
490
00:40:04,140 --> 00:40:08,140
To cap it all off,
an iconic prize lay in wait.
491
00:40:08,620 --> 00:40:11,220
I hear John call
over on the headset saying,
492
00:40:11,220 --> 00:40:15,220
"You're not going to believe this,
but I found the bell."
493
00:40:17,860 --> 00:40:20,420
And I thought I must have
misheard him.
494
00:40:20,420 --> 00:40:23,260
But sure enough, I went over
and there was the ship's bell,
495
00:40:23,260 --> 00:40:27,260
lying in plain sight,
right on top of the upper deck.
496
00:40:32,020 --> 00:40:36,020
Embossed on the side is the year
the ship set sail - 1845.
497
00:40:41,500 --> 00:40:45,500
A poignant reminder of the terrible
fate of the Franklin Expedition.
498
00:40:56,780 --> 00:41:00,220
Today was an extraordinary day.
499
00:41:00,220 --> 00:41:02,860
I've never had the like of it
in my entire career
500
00:41:02,860 --> 00:41:06,860
and I probably never will
after this day.
501
00:41:06,980 --> 00:41:09,060
This wreck site, without a doubt,
502
00:41:09,060 --> 00:41:12,620
is one of the most extraordinary
things I have ever laid eyes on.
503
00:41:12,620 --> 00:41:16,620
It is absolutely an underwater
archaeologist's dream.
504
00:41:17,500 --> 00:41:21,500
Tilt it slightly back.
505
00:41:21,580 --> 00:41:25,580
Back at the Parks Canada laboratory,
the bell is carefully cleaned.
506
00:41:27,060 --> 00:41:29,340
We really want to capture this...
507
00:41:29,340 --> 00:41:32,540
Cast in Britain 170 years ago,
508
00:41:32,540 --> 00:41:34,340
it's now scanned in 3D
509
00:41:34,340 --> 00:41:38,340
to create a digital replica
that will never decay.
510
00:41:40,940 --> 00:41:42,700
By matching up the sonar data
511
00:41:42,700 --> 00:41:45,540
with plans from
the National Maritime Museum,
512
00:41:45,540 --> 00:41:49,540
the wreck is confirmed as
HMS Erebus, Franklin's flagship.
513
00:41:56,700 --> 00:41:59,060
The sonar image enables us to build
514
00:41:59,060 --> 00:42:02,780
a computer-generated picture of the
wreck in all its glory.
515
00:42:02,780 --> 00:42:05,900
The find is a stunning success
for the team
516
00:42:05,900 --> 00:42:09,900
and a vindication of the Inuit
oral tradition that led them to it.
517
00:42:13,860 --> 00:42:16,580
In many ways,
this is just the beginning.
518
00:42:16,580 --> 00:42:19,820
The wreck will be explored
in great detail in years to come
519
00:42:19,820 --> 00:42:22,260
and anything brought to the surface
520
00:42:22,260 --> 00:42:26,260
will undergo painstaking
conservation and study.
521
00:42:28,380 --> 00:42:32,380
But already, this wreck has thrown
up one extraordinary possibility.
522
00:42:34,100 --> 00:42:38,100
An idea that could rewrite
the history of exploration.
523
00:42:43,860 --> 00:42:47,180
Originally, it was thought
both ships had been abandoned
524
00:42:47,180 --> 00:42:51,180
off King William Island,
much further north.
525
00:42:53,140 --> 00:42:57,140
So how did this ship move
100 miles to the south?
526
00:43:00,900 --> 00:43:04,820
Where the wreck of Erebus is found,
it actually happens to be protected,
527
00:43:04,820 --> 00:43:08,820
almost surrounded by a barrier of
small islands and islets.
528
00:43:09,700 --> 00:43:13,700
What we ask ourselves is how this
ship arrived at that location.
529
00:43:19,420 --> 00:43:23,420
One option is that HMS Erebus was
carried by the ice itself.
530
00:43:25,180 --> 00:43:28,740
Satellite imagery from the
Canadian Ice Service shows that
531
00:43:28,740 --> 00:43:32,740
ice in this area flows south
with the prevailing wind.
532
00:43:33,820 --> 00:43:36,940
You see the tendril of ice
coming down the bottom of the screen
533
00:43:36,940 --> 00:43:40,860
and that is being expelled from the
strait into the Queen Maud Gulf.
534
00:43:40,860 --> 00:43:44,180
It's not terribly surprising
that at least one of the ships
535
00:43:44,180 --> 00:43:47,300
ultimately would have been
directed towards Crampton Bay.
536
00:43:47,300 --> 00:43:51,300
What is less clear, however,
is how it could have got through
537
00:43:51,340 --> 00:43:54,580
this tangled web of small islands
and shoals,
538
00:43:54,580 --> 00:43:58,580
how it worked itself into a protected
pocket where we find it today.
539
00:44:02,340 --> 00:44:05,140
It is unlikely the ice
could drag a ship intact
540
00:44:05,140 --> 00:44:09,140
through this dense network
of reefs and shoals.
541
00:44:10,060 --> 00:44:12,580
But there is a more plausible
explanation.
542
00:44:12,580 --> 00:44:16,580
According to Inuit testimony,
when Erebus was spotted here,
543
00:44:17,020 --> 00:44:19,340
smoke was rising from the ship
544
00:44:19,340 --> 00:44:23,340
and a gang plank had been lowered
to the ice.
545
00:44:27,740 --> 00:44:31,740
Had some men returned to the ship
while the rest continued to march?
546
00:44:33,300 --> 00:44:37,300
And did they steer the ship
to where it now lies?
547
00:44:39,780 --> 00:44:43,780
There has to be some sort of human
hand into getting the ships there.
548
00:44:43,900 --> 00:44:46,660
When did that start and how easy
was that?
549
00:44:46,660 --> 00:44:50,660
Those are the kinds of questions
that we are going to look into.
550
00:44:54,780 --> 00:44:56,780
The possibility that crew members
551
00:44:56,780 --> 00:44:59,900
steered Erebus to its final
resting place is crucial.
552
00:44:59,900 --> 00:45:01,820
From this point onwards,
553
00:45:01,820 --> 00:45:05,820
the North West Passage
had already been surveyed.
554
00:45:06,940 --> 00:45:10,420
Any of Franklin's men who reached
this spot would have completed
555
00:45:10,420 --> 00:45:14,420
their mission's goal.
556
00:45:20,540 --> 00:45:23,020
These men, that last surviving band,
557
00:45:23,020 --> 00:45:25,980
a final fire before
the flame goes out,
558
00:45:25,980 --> 00:45:28,060
these men have, in effect,
559
00:45:28,060 --> 00:45:32,060
completed the final link in the
chain of the North West Passage.
560
00:45:33,020 --> 00:45:37,020
But that is so far
from their minds at that moment.
561
00:45:38,940 --> 00:45:42,540
These men are thinking
nothing of fame or records.
562
00:45:42,540 --> 00:45:46,540
They are thinking
of the following day.
563
00:46:01,900 --> 00:46:03,820
Inuit accounts mention a few sets
564
00:46:03,820 --> 00:46:07,820
of what they call white man's
footsteps heading inland.
565
00:46:08,580 --> 00:46:12,580
A last trace of the last
remaining souls.
566
00:46:22,180 --> 00:46:24,860
In navigating the ship
to where it now lies,
567
00:46:24,860 --> 00:46:26,500
those men would have found
568
00:46:26,500 --> 00:46:30,500
the final link of
the elusive North West Passage.
569
00:46:31,580 --> 00:46:35,580
The wreck of HMS Erebus is a
monument to their achievement.
570
00:46:36,100 --> 00:46:40,100
And to the sacrifice of all 129 men
of Franklin's lost expedition.
571
00:46:53,780 --> 00:46:56,660
# We were homeward bound
572
00:46:56,660 --> 00:47:00,180
# One night on the deep
573
00:47:00,180 --> 00:47:04,180
# Swinging in my hammock
I fell asleep
574
00:47:06,140 --> 00:47:10,140
# I dreamed a dream
and I thought it true
575
00:47:11,460 --> 00:47:22,500
# Concerning Franklin
and his gallant crew. #
49364
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