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(speaking in German)
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NARRATOR: Hitler's
darkest secrets...
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And most terrifying weapons...
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Lost below the
waves, until now.
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Imagine if we
could empty the oceans,
letting the water drain away
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to reveal the secrets
of the sea floor.
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Now we can.
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Using the latest underwater
scanning technology...
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Piercing the deep oceans...
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And turning accurate
data into 3D images.
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This time...
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was Australia's most
prized warship destroyed
by a Nazi secret weapon?
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What made this killer
U-boat invisible?
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And how close did Hitler come
to building an atomic bomb?
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(theme music plays)
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Hitler's ambition was global.
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As the waters of Northern
Europe drain away they reveal
evidence of the Nazis most
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terrifying weapon of all.
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Norway, Lake Tinn.
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How did a secret
operation here destroy
a Nazi nuclear dream?
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RUNAR: At the bottom,
there's this Nazi secret.
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No one can be sure
about what's down there.
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NARRATOR: During World War II,
Nazi scientists begin the race
to harness atomic power.
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-Hitler's dream
was to develop this
bomb that could really
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devastate and destroy London...
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turning the war in
the blink of a second.
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That was his dream.
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NARRATOR: But the Nazis
need a crucial ingredient
to make an atomic bomb.
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It's called heavy water.
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ERIC: Heavy water was a vital
component of the attempt
of the Germans to get their
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nuclear reactor to work.
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It's chemically hydrogen
but it's heavier,
it's twice the weight.
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NARRATOR: The world's largest
producer of heavy water
is near Lake Tinn in Norway.
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Vemork Power Plant,
once the world's largest
hydro-electric power station.
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It is this energy that
powers the creation of
the precious heavy water.
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April the 9th, 1940.
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Germany invades Norway.
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-The Nazis were eager to
get control of the heavy
water at the Vemork plant,
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due to the reason that they
wanted to use it as a cooling
aid in their nuclear reactor.
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In 1942 at the peak of the
production here at Vemork,
they produced as much as
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1,000 kilos of heavy water.
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NARRATOR: Over a ton is a
big step towards building
Hitler's first nuclear reactor.
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-It looked as if Germany
might well get a nuclear bomb
quickly and the Allies were
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obviously very
concerned about that.
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Churchill wanted the heavy
water plant to be destroyed.
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NARRATOR: Vemork Power Plant
becomes a priority target for
Allied air raids and sabotage.
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Damage like this eventually
forces the Nazis to safeguard
their stockpile of the
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precious commodity.
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February 20th, 1944.
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The Nazis plan to move almost
a year's output of heavy
water by train from Vemork.
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The carriages will cross
Lake Tinn by ferry.
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From here the cargo will
travel to Germany, to the
site of a nuclear reactor.
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Soldiers load around
40 barrels on to
railway carriages.
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The hydro ferry departs...
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But it never reaches
its destination.
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At 10:45 in the morning
it sinks, the cargo
tumbles into the water.
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27 people are rescued,
26 go down with the ferry,
mostly innocent civilians.
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For decades the
hydro ferry and her
secret wartime cargo lie
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hidden in the dark waters...
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until now.
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Fredrik Soreide is a
maritime archaeologist.
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He has studied this area
for over 20 years.
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FREDRIK: I'm standing on
the shores of Lake Tinn.
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It's a very dramatic
lake in Norway.
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It's got high mountains up
to 1,000 meters around it and
the lake is very deep so it
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actually goes down
to 460 meters.
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For decades this lake had a
big secret and to be able to
uncover that secret the whole
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lake had to be explored.
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NARRATOR: 1500 feet is too
deep for divers so Fredrik
works with an expert in
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remotely operated
vehicles, Thor-Olav Sperre.
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FREDRIK: So today we
have the remotely
operated vehicle.
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It is used to go down to
the shipwreck so that we
can film it and also make
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a lot of other interesting
documentation.
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NARRATOR: They're equipping
the ROV with the latest
multi-beam sonar technology,
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allowing them to probe
the darkest depths.
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THOR-OLAV: Take it up and
then we can load a new
profile and then start
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doing the other tests.
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-Yeah.
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NARRATOR: Multi-beam
sonar fires sound waves
to the lake floor.
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The return signal displays
the shape and depth
of the features beneath.
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-It becomes then a very
detailed image and that's
what we're looking at,
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that's what we want.
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NARRATOR: And Thor-Olav
knows where to look.
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He's been fascinated
by the story of the lost
ferry for years and he was
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one of the first
to find the wreck.
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Now, he's back,
with powerful new
scanning equipment and
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cameras that will finally give
him the most detailed record
of what's down there.
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Eventually a ghostly
shape looms into view.
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The icy depths of the
freshwater lake have preserved
the decades old secret.
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-Ah, there we go,
oh there it is.
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-I see the frame.
-Where are we now?
-On the starboard.
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-Very nice.
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-The super structure is
still standing there and
we can see a lot of things
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on board still.
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-Yeah. We're only 3 and
a half meters above it.
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-Ah look, that's a, is
that a railway carriage?
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-Yes it is, upside down.
-It's upside down.
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Oh it's been thrown over.
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Yeah, that's the wheels.
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NARRATOR: The cargo on
these carriages was once
destined for Nazi Germany.
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Instead it lies deep in the
darkness of a Norwegian lake.
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But why is the ferry here?
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For the very first time the
waters of Lake Tinn drain away
to reveal the true picture.
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Using multi-beam sonar
data combined with cutting
edge computer graphics,
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the lake's astonishing
underwater landscape
comes clearly into view.
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The first clue lies in the
shape of the valley itself.
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There are steep banks
which descend 1500 feet
down, to the bottom of the
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one of the deepest
lakes in Europe.
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As the waters of the
lake drain fully away...
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the drowned ferry
is brought back into
the light of day for the
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first time in
over 70 years.
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First the stern of the
170-foot-long vessel,
tilting downwards.
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Then the wreckage of
the railway carriages...
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and the
captain's wheelhouse.
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The spread of the
wreckage is firm evidence of
a catastrophic, sudden sinking.
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FREDRIK: Here we can clearly
see the wreck and we can see
the wheelhouse up here and we
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can see there's something
behind here. Maybe....
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THOR-OLAV:
Ah the bow is probably
down in the mud.
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NARRATOR: So what
wrecked the ferry?
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The answer is one
of the most daring sabotage
operations of World War II.
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Norwegian resistance
fighters learn about the
Nazi heavy water shipment.
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They are ordered by London
to stop it at all costs.
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The night before
the ferry departs,
under cover of darkness,
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the saboteurs board
the vessel and place a
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time bomb set to
detonate at a precise moment,
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then leave the
ship to its fate.
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-The saboteurs knew the
stakes couldn't be higher.
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They had to stop the
transportation to Germany.
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(ticking)
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(explosion)
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NARRATOR: Draining Lake Tinn
reveals that the ferry is
precisely targeted to sink in
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the deepest part of the lake.
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No Nazi diver can ever
retrieve the barrels of heavy
water from these depths but is
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the ferry carrying enough
heavy water to give
Hitler an atomic bomb?
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NARRATOR: Draining Lake
Tinn in Norway reveals an
infamous Nazi nuclear secret
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strewn across the lake bed.
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Was there enough heavy
water on board to make
the Nazis nuclear bomb
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program go critical?
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-After the ferry went down
there was a lot of speculation
that the heavy water on board
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the hydro had been replaced
by normal water because
it was so lightly guarded.
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So we wanted to go down
and take up a barrel to
prove that this was in fact
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the heavy water that was
being shipped to Germany.
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NARRATOR: The team have
already examined three
barrels from the depths.
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-Aye aye, yes.
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NARRATOR: Testing samples
taken from inside the barrels
proves that they do contain
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heavy water but was
the ferry's cargo large
enough to help Hitler build
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an atomic bomb?
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The only way to find out
is to probe the darkness
of Lake Tinn and see how
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many barrels are left.
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Draining the waters
of this Norwegian lake
unlocks the answers.
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Amazingly, still intact
after more than 70 years.
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First, one barrel
on the deck then 2 more
spilled over the side...
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then 2 others, 60 feet
from the wreck site.
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00:14:05,712 --> 00:14:08,613
That's 5 barrels visible
around the wreck.
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FREDRIK: Well you
can still see numbers
on the barrels, yeah?
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We believe that maybe
10 barrels floated
because they were not full,
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and we have picked
up 3 barrels.
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NARRATOR: With at
least 18 barrels accounted
for and using the scan data
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as a guide, the
survey team can
calculate where the others are.
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-We believe that most of the
other barrels are actually
on board the ferry, still,
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00:14:39,145 --> 00:14:42,046
underneath turned
over carriages.
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NARRATOR: That's about
half a ton of heavy water,
enough to be a vital missing
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component for the
Nazis nuclear reactor.
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00:14:54,461 --> 00:14:58,196
-After the war those
involved in the German
nuclear program said
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that the loss of
the heavy water was
absolutely decisive.
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It stopped their reactor
program in its tracks.
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(speaking in German)
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NARRATOR: Nazi secret
weapons are deployed
right across the globe,
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including the Indian Ocean.
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Draining the waters here,
off the coast of Western
Australia reveals
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two shattered wrecks...
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00:15:32,932 --> 00:15:37,635
What appears to be a German
merchant ship and HMAS Sydney.
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This mighty Australian warship
disappears in November 1941.
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Will draining HMAS
Sydney uncover the
mystery of what happened in
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the national disaster?
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JANN: For the Australians,
the loss of the Sydney
almost became something
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00:16:00,527 --> 00:16:02,460
like a national trauma.
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00:16:02,529 --> 00:16:06,464
It was the pride of
the Australian Navy.
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Not knowing about her final
resting place and the fate
of her crew puzzled
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00:16:13,639 --> 00:16:16,940
the Australians for decades.
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00:16:18,111 --> 00:16:21,512
NARRATOR: After the
war, a German captain,
Theodore Detmers,
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00:16:21,514 --> 00:16:24,482
claims to have defeated
the Sydney in battle.
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00:16:26,886 --> 00:16:30,288
Few Australians trust the
German captain's account.
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00:16:30,990 --> 00:16:32,823
He had abandoned his ship,
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00:16:32,826 --> 00:16:36,160
the Kormoran, which
was reportedly nothing
more than a cargo vessel,
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00:16:38,331 --> 00:16:42,099
and there was
no evidence of a battle.
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The only way to know for
sure is to find both ships.
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The vessel
Geosounder begins a
remarkable search off the
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coast of Western Australia.
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00:16:57,850 --> 00:17:01,819
Equipped with new scanning
technology and supported by
the Australian government
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00:17:02,655 --> 00:17:07,458
the expedition is led by one
of the world's top wreck
hunters, David Mearns.
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00:17:09,596 --> 00:17:12,162
DAVID: The atmosphere was
very tense and very pressured.
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00:17:12,799 --> 00:17:15,900
I had to locate not just
one ship, but 2 ships.
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00:17:17,437 --> 00:17:21,672
NARRATOR: The search area
is huge but amazingly
the captain of the Kormoran
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00:17:22,408 --> 00:17:26,310
left an account containing
vital clues to where his
ship went down.
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00:17:29,749 --> 00:17:33,584
Mearns homes in on an area
125 miles off the coast.
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00:17:38,691 --> 00:17:42,126
-Oh yes.
-Oh yes.
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00:17:42,395 --> 00:17:44,228
-This is exactly what
you're looking for.
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00:17:44,230 --> 00:17:47,131
NARRATOR: After 12
days at sea, a sign.
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00:17:48,501 --> 00:17:50,568
-Here we go.
-Here's the rest.
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00:17:50,870 --> 00:17:52,637
There's the shadow, that's it.
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00:17:52,739 --> 00:17:55,673
-That's it!
-That's it.
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00:17:58,211 --> 00:18:01,546
NARRATOR: Just as
Mearns hoped, by using the
captain's account as a guide
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00:18:02,248 --> 00:18:04,715
he's found the Kormoran.
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00:18:07,787 --> 00:18:10,855
Is he close to finding
the Sydney too?
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00:18:11,524 --> 00:18:13,757
-Everything all right there.
207
00:18:14,426 --> 00:18:17,995
NARRATOR: Just
4 days later the missing
warship comes into view.
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00:18:19,799 --> 00:18:23,868
-It came up on the
screen suddenly and we
knew immediately that
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00:18:24,003 --> 00:18:26,871
was the Sydney.
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00:18:27,340 --> 00:18:30,775
It was just total elation
that we had found it.
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00:18:32,145 --> 00:18:35,880
We got it.
Uh-uh, that's it.
That's HMAS Sydney.
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00:18:42,088 --> 00:18:45,822
NARRATOR: At a depth
of 1 and a half miles
it's too deep to dive,
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00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:49,260
so an ROV explores
the wreck site.
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00:18:51,231 --> 00:18:52,897
-There's something.
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00:18:52,966 --> 00:18:55,766
We're on it, it's
a gun, it's hit.
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00:18:55,902 --> 00:18:57,668
-That's the one?
Oh stop, stop right there.
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00:18:57,803 --> 00:19:00,872
-That's it.
-Wow. Oh look at that.
218
00:19:02,542 --> 00:19:06,443
NARRATOR: Among the
ruins of a savage fight to the
death are chilling reminders
219
00:19:07,279 --> 00:19:10,515
of this ship as a war
grave for 645 men.
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00:19:17,156 --> 00:19:21,392
But the underwater
ROV camera only gives us
glimpses of the sunken ships.
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00:19:25,265 --> 00:19:28,933
Now, by combining the
scan data with computer
generated imagery...
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00:19:31,304 --> 00:19:34,705
it's possible to drain
the Indian Ocean.
223
00:19:37,477 --> 00:19:43,915
This is the HMAS Sydney,
the pride of a nation,
visible for the first time
224
00:19:45,151 --> 00:19:48,052
in over 70 years.
225
00:19:49,989 --> 00:19:54,825
The warship is pockmarked
by battle damage, clear
evidence of an epic
226
00:19:54,894 --> 00:19:57,361
close- quarters firefight.
227
00:20:00,299 --> 00:20:05,770
Now using evidence from
the seabed, it's possible
to reconstruct a remarkable
228
00:20:05,772 --> 00:20:10,708
struggle between the two
lost ships and show a Nazi
secret weapon in action.
229
00:20:20,420 --> 00:20:24,722
NARRATOR: Draining the
Indian Ocean reveals the
lost Australian warship,
230
00:20:25,424 --> 00:20:32,063
HMAS Sydney but how did such
a powerful vessel fall victim
to an ordinary merchant ship?
231
00:20:37,136 --> 00:20:40,605
The Kormoran Captain's
account offers some clues.
232
00:20:43,476 --> 00:20:47,078
DETMERS: It was
November 19th, 1941.
233
00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:50,014
A beautiful day
with warm sunshine.
234
00:20:50,115 --> 00:20:53,584
As so often
in the Indian ocean the
visibility was perfect.
235
00:20:57,256 --> 00:21:02,059
NARRATOR: Suddenly,
at 4:00pm, the two ships eye
each other on the horizon,
236
00:21:03,129 --> 00:21:05,696
16 miles apart.
237
00:21:06,766 --> 00:21:12,569
The Kormoran signals that it
is an innocent Dutch freighter
but as the Sydney moves
238
00:21:12,572 --> 00:21:18,476
in for a closer inspection
the Kormoran prepares to
unleash its deadly secrets.
239
00:21:20,747 --> 00:21:24,781
The Nazi captain knows
his only chance is to
lure the warship
240
00:21:24,784 --> 00:21:27,385
into a close-quarters fight.
241
00:21:30,590 --> 00:21:34,124
-I let her come closer still.
242
00:21:34,593 --> 00:21:36,994
Slowly, slowly.
243
00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:44,301
NARRATOR: Then the
Kormoran plays its trick.
244
00:21:45,371 --> 00:21:51,342
It appears to be an unarmed
merchant vessel but in reality
the Nazi ship is packed with
245
00:21:52,145 --> 00:21:56,380
the kind of deadly
technology that Q might
have created for James Bond.
246
00:21:59,152 --> 00:22:03,054
JANN: The Kormoran's mission
in the Indian Ocean was
to prey on Allied shipping.
247
00:22:04,290 --> 00:22:08,425
It was very much
hit-and-run tactics.
248
00:22:08,628 --> 00:22:13,164
NARRATOR: Unaware of the
Kormoran's true identity,
the Sydney moves in closer.
249
00:22:15,702 --> 00:22:19,570
DAVID: The two ships were
about a 1,000 meters apart,
well that's basically
250
00:22:19,705 --> 00:22:22,039
point-blank range.
251
00:22:25,277 --> 00:22:28,846
DETMERS: The enemy cruiser
was now coming within the
range that I considered
252
00:22:28,848 --> 00:22:31,448
suitable for my guns.
253
00:22:31,651 --> 00:22:34,418
I gave the order,
"decamouflage!"
254
00:22:36,355 --> 00:22:39,690
The Dutch flag
was hauled down and the
German war flag ran up.
255
00:22:41,260 --> 00:22:45,663
NARRATOR: According to
the rules of war, concealed
weapons are perfectly legal
256
00:22:45,665 --> 00:22:50,367
but only if the ship reveals
its true colors before firing.
257
00:22:56,042 --> 00:22:59,243
With the wreck of HMAS Sydney
now drained of sea water,
258
00:23:00,979 --> 00:23:05,483
the first shocking
evidence caused by Kormoran's
hidden weapons can be seen
259
00:23:05,618 --> 00:23:08,119
in the clear light of day.
260
00:23:09,489 --> 00:23:11,655
The top of the
captain's bridge,
261
00:23:11,657 --> 00:23:15,493
the command center of the
ship is missing, but why?
262
00:23:19,899 --> 00:23:21,498
On the Kormoran,
263
00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:25,903
hidden from view
a repurposed army
antitank gun emerges
264
00:23:28,407 --> 00:23:31,842
and fires shattering the
Australian captain's bridge.
265
00:23:35,114 --> 00:23:39,049
-The command structure
of the Sydney would have
been wiped out in the first
266
00:23:39,051 --> 00:23:41,852
opening shot of the battle.
267
00:23:43,422 --> 00:23:47,091
NARRATOR: Rapid-fire
antiaircraft guns now rise
up on hydraulic ramps,
268
00:23:48,394 --> 00:23:50,795
cutting down the
Sydney's crew.
269
00:23:55,001 --> 00:24:00,604
On the Sydney's main
forward gun turrets the
tops have been blown off
270
00:24:03,409 --> 00:24:07,311
and there's a blast hole in
the middle of one of the guns.
271
00:24:09,682 --> 00:24:12,516
What causes this?
272
00:24:13,553 --> 00:24:17,555
Despite its innocent
appearance the Kormoran
carries very heavy weapons,
273
00:24:18,357 --> 00:24:20,691
perfect for close
range combat.
274
00:24:21,961 --> 00:24:26,797
At the push of a button,
counterweighted panels lift up
to reveal these powerful guns.
275
00:24:30,135 --> 00:24:34,838
At virtually point-blank
range, their overwhelming
firepower knocks out
276
00:24:35,441 --> 00:24:38,375
Sydney's forward gun turrets.
277
00:24:39,077 --> 00:24:43,113
-Well it's probable that
those guns were taken out
in the first 10 seconds,
278
00:24:43,349 --> 00:24:46,416
15 seconds of the action.
279
00:24:46,853 --> 00:24:51,355
NARRATOR: Although caught
by surprise, the Sydney is
still able to return fire and
280
00:24:51,424 --> 00:24:54,825
hits the Kormoran's engine
room, setting it ablaze.
281
00:24:58,064 --> 00:25:00,898
The Nazi ship now prepares
its sledgehammer blow.
282
00:25:04,003 --> 00:25:07,538
Underneath the waterline
lie 2 concealed torpedo tubes,
283
00:25:08,741 --> 00:25:11,942
and there are 4
more above the water,
284
00:25:12,144 --> 00:25:14,845
each hidden by a steel flap.
285
00:25:18,084 --> 00:25:23,520
It takes the Kormoran's
crew just 32 seconds to
prepare and fire a torpedo.
286
00:25:28,494 --> 00:25:31,662
-They inflicted a great
deal of damage very quickly
on the Australian cruiser.
287
00:25:33,833 --> 00:25:35,565
Guns firing, shells exploding.
288
00:25:35,667 --> 00:25:38,736
I mean it's absolute
mayhem, hell on earth.
289
00:25:40,706 --> 00:25:42,572
-They were just
being wiped out.
290
00:25:42,608 --> 00:25:45,542
It would have been
absolute carnage.
291
00:25:47,513 --> 00:25:50,247
NARRATOR: 6:25 pm.
292
00:25:50,482 --> 00:25:54,652
Confident that the Sydney
is fatally wounded and most
of the crew already dead,
293
00:25:55,788 --> 00:25:58,455
the Nazi captain ceases fire.
294
00:26:00,259 --> 00:26:02,259
Victory.
295
00:26:04,563 --> 00:26:08,899
DETMERS: Never before in naval
history had an armed merchant
vessel defeated a cruiser in
296
00:26:09,935 --> 00:26:11,969
open battle.
297
00:26:14,540 --> 00:26:19,209
NARRATOR: Draining the water
away from HMAS Sydney, means
crucial evidence of what
298
00:26:19,311 --> 00:26:21,812
caused its final death
blow can now be seen.
299
00:26:24,350 --> 00:26:27,284
A 90-foot section of
its hull is missing.
300
00:26:28,220 --> 00:26:32,122
The Kormoran's torpedoes
cause critical damage
and a huge explosion.
301
00:26:34,360 --> 00:26:40,164
The Sydney's entire bow breaks
off, causing the whole ship to
plunge 1 and a half miles down
302
00:26:42,368 --> 00:26:46,203
with 645 men on board.
303
00:26:48,173 --> 00:26:51,241
ERIC: Sydney
disappears entirely.
304
00:26:51,410 --> 00:26:54,044
There are no survivors.
305
00:26:54,780 --> 00:26:58,182
It's the most serious loss in
the Australian navy's history.
306
00:26:59,552 --> 00:27:04,054
Now we've found the wreck, we
know what happened and now we
have an accurate idea of what
307
00:27:04,056 --> 00:27:07,324
happened to the ship.
308
00:27:07,626 --> 00:27:11,829
NARRATOR: But if the Sydney
was defeated why is the German
raider also at the bottom of
309
00:27:11,964 --> 00:27:14,931
the Indian Ocean?
310
00:27:16,102 --> 00:27:19,570
There's a clue in the original
scans of the sea floor.
311
00:27:21,974 --> 00:27:25,809
Near the wreck is evidence
of a debris field,
caused by a massive blast.
312
00:27:28,147 --> 00:27:31,215
What happened to
sink the Kormoran?
313
00:27:32,885 --> 00:27:36,820
The Nazi ship sails
away victorious but
it has been mortally
314
00:27:36,922 --> 00:27:39,556
wounded in the battle.
315
00:27:39,892 --> 00:27:44,962
JANN: With the Kormoran's
engines broken down, a huge
fire on board and a number of
316
00:27:44,964 --> 00:27:50,601
mines in the hold, which were
highly explosive, Commander
Detmers had no choice
317
00:27:51,937 --> 00:27:54,638
whatsoever but
to abandon ship.
318
00:27:58,143 --> 00:28:02,045
NARRATOR: Hitler has
similar merchant raiders,
just like the Kormoran.
319
00:28:02,982 --> 00:28:07,517
To stop the ship's many
secrets from being discovered
the crew then blow up
320
00:28:07,553 --> 00:28:10,054
their own vessel.
321
00:28:13,793 --> 00:28:19,296
Today, the two ships
still lie just 13 miles
apart on the seabed.
322
00:28:24,103 --> 00:28:28,005
(speaking in German)
323
00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:32,376
The world's
oceans hide Nazi secrets
deep underwater.
324
00:28:35,547 --> 00:28:37,681
The Baltic Sea.
325
00:28:38,350 --> 00:28:42,486
Draining the icy waters
here reveals a forgotten
German aircraft carrier
326
00:28:43,355 --> 00:28:47,257
that never saw
battle, Graf Zeppelin.
327
00:28:48,994 --> 00:28:52,428
It disappeared more
than 70 years ago.
328
00:28:53,232 --> 00:28:57,767
Why is Hitler's
only aircraft carrier
lying heavily damaged
329
00:28:58,437 --> 00:29:00,704
at the bottom
of the Baltic Sea?
330
00:29:05,527 --> 00:29:09,496
NARRATOR: For decades, the
ultimate fate of the Nazis'
only aircraft carrier is a
331
00:29:10,232 --> 00:29:16,036
mystery but then an
oil survey vessel begins
scanning the Baltic Sea.
332
00:29:18,006 --> 00:29:22,075
ANDRZEJ: First of all
we came across something
that piqued our interest.
333
00:29:25,014 --> 00:29:27,180
We found it using
a multi-beam sonar.
334
00:29:28,216 --> 00:29:31,585
After post processing
the first measurements
indicated that it's about
335
00:29:31,887 --> 00:29:34,121
260 meters long.
336
00:29:36,091 --> 00:29:39,393
NARRATOR: It's the
largest wreck ever
found in the Baltic.
337
00:29:40,830 --> 00:29:45,432
-Wow!
It was a really big find.
338
00:29:47,669 --> 00:29:50,037
It was really spectacular.
339
00:29:56,578 --> 00:30:01,014
NARRATOR: Now diver and
historian, Stephen Burke is in
the Baltic to investigate the
340
00:30:01,083 --> 00:30:04,518
monster of the deep,
the Graf Zeppelin.
341
00:30:06,322 --> 00:30:09,022
STEPHEN: When I first learned
about the Graf Zeppelin
nothing was known as to what
342
00:30:09,124 --> 00:30:11,391
had happened to it at
the end of the War.
343
00:30:11,460 --> 00:30:14,628
What happened after that
was a complete mystery.
344
00:30:14,697 --> 00:30:19,733
I made it my mission to
go out and find what the
fate of the ship had been.
345
00:30:23,205 --> 00:30:24,972
NARRATOR: In the darkness,
346
00:30:25,073 --> 00:30:29,643
nearly 290 feet
down there are only
glimpses of the lost giant.
347
00:30:31,780 --> 00:30:35,983
Timber decking on the
flight deck, massive chains
from one of the anchors.
348
00:30:41,523 --> 00:30:47,394
At 850 feet long, could
its massive size be the very
reason why this mighty vessel
349
00:30:48,764 --> 00:30:52,399
never played a full
part in the war?
350
00:30:54,870 --> 00:30:58,472
December, 1938.
Kiel, Germany.
351
00:31:00,376 --> 00:31:03,910
-Hitler loved launching
large warships, he took
great pleasure in it,
352
00:31:04,312 --> 00:31:06,513
he saw them as great
national symbols.
353
00:31:07,116 --> 00:31:10,617
NARRATOR: Herman Goering,
the Head of the Luftwaffe,
is master of ceremonies.
354
00:31:20,029 --> 00:31:24,230
NARRATOR: The Nazis had huge
ambitions for the vessel.
355
00:31:25,634 --> 00:31:29,970
More than 40 fighters,
bombers and torpedo aircraft
would have made it a
356
00:31:30,072 --> 00:31:32,505
mighty war machine.
357
00:31:32,708 --> 00:31:36,343
Elevators would carry
aircraft from the lower
deck up to the flight deck,
358
00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:40,547
planes would
launch by catapult.
359
00:31:44,386 --> 00:31:47,120
ERIC: The thought of
Stukas taking off from
an aircraft carrier,
360
00:31:47,756 --> 00:31:50,590
carrying out
torpedo and dive-bombing
attacks on allied ships,
361
00:31:50,659 --> 00:31:53,327
it would have
greatly strengthened
their naval position.
362
00:31:59,001 --> 00:32:02,269
NARRATOR: Winston Churchill
sees the Nazi aircraft
carrier as a priority target.
363
00:32:05,507 --> 00:32:07,874
-The British were
very concerned that
the Germans would complete
364
00:32:07,910 --> 00:32:09,842
the Graf Zeppelin.
365
00:32:09,878 --> 00:32:12,379
There was a
significant threat.
366
00:32:13,782 --> 00:32:16,450
NARRATOR: But the
Nazis are slow to finish
this vast warship.
367
00:32:19,721 --> 00:32:24,124
Though launched and
sea-worthy, final work is
delayed time and time again
368
00:32:25,794 --> 00:32:28,629
because it needs huge amounts
of construction material.
369
00:32:30,866 --> 00:32:33,800
-Contrary to
appearances Germany was
very short of resources.
370
00:32:34,770 --> 00:32:37,137
She was very short of steel.
371
00:32:37,239 --> 00:32:42,442
Because it was thought the
War would be short then it was
thought that the Graf Zeppelin
372
00:32:42,544 --> 00:32:46,979
might not be complete
in time to take part
in the war so they had to
373
00:32:47,082 --> 00:32:49,483
stop building large warships.
374
00:32:53,756 --> 00:32:56,656
NARRATOR: February, 1945.
375
00:32:56,725 --> 00:32:59,959
The Nazis face defeat.
376
00:33:01,130 --> 00:33:05,866
-In early 1945 Admiral Doenitz
issued a scorched earth policy
which was that they were to
377
00:33:05,967 --> 00:33:08,668
destroy certain key assets
to prevent them falling
into Russian hands,
378
00:33:09,471 --> 00:33:11,738
and one of those assets
was the Graf Zeppelin.
379
00:33:14,343 --> 00:33:18,645
NARRATOR: The Graf Zeppelin is
scuttled by a German wrecking
crew never to see battle,
380
00:33:23,786 --> 00:33:26,553
but that isn't the
end of the story.
381
00:33:27,823 --> 00:33:33,293
It was abandoned on
the River Oder but now it
rests 200 miles away in the
382
00:33:33,394 --> 00:33:36,263
middle of the Baltic.
383
00:33:38,100 --> 00:33:41,301
Why is the Graf Zeppelin here?
384
00:33:44,606 --> 00:33:48,075
After the war, the
Russians seize the
vast vessel as booty.
385
00:33:51,547 --> 00:33:55,448
-The Russians raised it so
they sealed the holes, they
pumped the water out and
386
00:33:55,451 --> 00:33:57,851
floated the ship.
387
00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:03,056
NARRATOR: Then they decided
to use the Graf Zeppelin for
a unique cold war experiment.
388
00:34:06,128 --> 00:34:09,930
Stephen Burke visits the
Polish naval academy in
Gdynia to investigate.
389
00:34:13,101 --> 00:34:16,669
He's working with
former Polish naval
officer Adam Olejnik.
390
00:34:17,606 --> 00:34:21,575
ADAM: We have a have a
picture, a lot of damage from
different military materials.
391
00:34:24,813 --> 00:34:28,114
NARRATOR: Stephen's looking
for clues to explain
the ship's final moments.
392
00:34:29,317 --> 00:34:31,484
-There's less damage?
-Less damage.
-Less damage on the port side?
393
00:34:31,487 --> 00:34:33,486
-Less damage, yes.
-Okay.
394
00:34:33,555 --> 00:34:37,390
NARRATOR: Adam is part
of a Polish Navy team
which positively identified
395
00:34:37,526 --> 00:34:39,926
the Graf Zeppelin.
396
00:34:42,364 --> 00:34:44,865
-The enormity of this
vessel was a surprise.
397
00:34:47,169 --> 00:34:51,304
It's hard to imagine if
you haven't seen it before.
398
00:34:51,940 --> 00:34:54,841
NARRATOR: They used the mapping
technology to scan the wreck.
399
00:34:59,748 --> 00:35:05,452
By using the detailed sonar
scans now, for the first
time in over 70 years,
400
00:35:07,155 --> 00:35:10,557
evidence of the Graf
Zeppelin's final
moments can be seen.
401
00:35:13,294 --> 00:35:17,030
Emptying the Baltic
Sea of water reveals
an incredible sight,
402
00:35:19,500 --> 00:35:23,103
the 850-foot-long
drowned leviathan.
403
00:35:24,940 --> 00:35:28,808
The wreck clearly
shows extensive damage
caused by explosives,
404
00:35:30,912 --> 00:35:34,814
including a large
100-foot hole in the deck.
405
00:35:37,118 --> 00:35:39,285
-It looked like the
result of bombing.
406
00:35:40,689 --> 00:35:44,124
NARRATOR: The hole wasn't
there when the Germans
abandoned the ship,
407
00:35:44,826 --> 00:35:47,227
so what caused it?
408
00:35:49,097 --> 00:35:54,000
In August 1947, the Russians
want to see how much
punishment the Graf Zeppelin
409
00:35:54,636 --> 00:35:57,837
could take before it sinks.
410
00:35:58,039 --> 00:36:02,275
STEPHEN: So they
planted a series of bombs
inside the wreck, 2,000 kilo
411
00:36:02,311 --> 00:36:04,311
bombs that are
detonated on the flight deck.
412
00:36:06,848 --> 00:36:09,883
They then sent in a series
of waves of aircraft to
attack the ship with bombs,
413
00:36:11,320 --> 00:36:14,087
of over 90 dropped
only 5 or 6 hit.
414
00:36:16,157 --> 00:36:20,160
NARRATOR: The Soviets
have no aircraft carrier
of their own, so by bombing
415
00:36:20,262 --> 00:36:24,364
the Graf Zeppelin they
learned a lot about
their potential new enemies,
416
00:36:25,734 --> 00:36:28,534
the British and the Americans.
417
00:36:29,671 --> 00:36:34,107
-Sinking the Graf Zeppelin
showed the Russians that
aircraft carriers were not
418
00:36:34,109 --> 00:36:37,077
necessarily as easy to sink
as they might have thought.
419
00:36:39,881 --> 00:36:42,282
They wanted to find out how
you sank them, and they did.
420
00:36:46,521 --> 00:36:52,292
(speaking in German)
421
00:36:54,496 --> 00:36:59,298
NARRATOR: Nazi secret
technology reached around the
world and draining the oceans
422
00:36:59,301 --> 00:37:02,802
reveals evidence of it in
the most surprising places.
423
00:37:05,240 --> 00:37:07,641
The English Channel.
424
00:37:08,110 --> 00:37:12,512
The grave of a remarkable
vessel equipped with a
secret technology that
425
00:37:12,581 --> 00:37:15,115
could have changed
the course of the war.
426
00:37:16,017 --> 00:37:21,187
Draining the oceans here
reveals the mystery of
the Nazi U-boat U-480.
427
00:37:23,358 --> 00:37:27,060
JANN: U-480, you could
call it the first stealth
submarine in history.
428
00:37:29,097 --> 00:37:34,134
NARRATOR: This vessel
vanished in 1945, carrying
a lethal secret technology.
429
00:37:35,404 --> 00:37:38,838
What made this killer
Nazi sub invisible?
430
00:37:45,414 --> 00:37:48,614
NARRATOR: August, 1944.
431
00:37:49,017 --> 00:37:52,652
The D-day landings
in France have put
Nazi Germany in peril.
432
00:37:55,657 --> 00:37:59,625
JANN: In August 1944
the situation for the German
U-boats in the British Channel
433
00:38:00,629 --> 00:38:06,866
was rather grim because it was
one of the best defended areas
around the British Isles.
434
00:38:11,940 --> 00:38:14,841
NARRATOR: The Allies
have a highly effective
method for hunting the
435
00:38:14,910 --> 00:38:18,445
submarine raiders: sonar.
436
00:38:21,350 --> 00:38:25,284
Earlier in the war,
the Nazi U-boats savaged
Allied shipping in the
437
00:38:25,320 --> 00:38:27,954
Battle of the Atlantic...
438
00:38:29,424 --> 00:38:34,394
largely by hunting in
packs on the surface where
sonar is of limited use.
439
00:38:37,499 --> 00:38:42,936
But by 1944, heavy surface
patrols force the U-boats to
operate completely underwater
440
00:38:45,674 --> 00:38:49,409
making them much more
vulnerable to Allied sonar.
441
00:38:50,712 --> 00:38:53,880
-This isn't wolf pack
warfare against convoys,
it's individual submarines
442
00:38:54,015 --> 00:38:56,082
stalking individual ships.
443
00:38:59,287 --> 00:39:02,422
INNES: Operations in a
submarine in the English
Channel at that time were
444
00:39:02,524 --> 00:39:05,225
extremely dangerous.
445
00:39:05,494 --> 00:39:09,262
Your chances of survival
if you're the commander of
a U-boat are about 50/50.
446
00:39:10,065 --> 00:39:13,199
NARRATOR: The Nazis want to
counter the threat of sonar.
447
00:39:14,336 --> 00:39:20,473
-The German answer to sonar
detection was developing some
kind of cloak of invisibility.
448
00:39:24,179 --> 00:39:28,915
NARRATOR: By August
the 21st, 1944, Hitler's
designers have achieved their
449
00:39:28,984 --> 00:39:31,885
dream of stealth technology.
450
00:39:32,854 --> 00:39:36,923
U-boat Captain Hans
Joachim Foerster and
his crew lie in wait,
451
00:39:37,659 --> 00:39:42,195
deep in the English
Channel and the Allies
never realize he is there.
452
00:39:47,135 --> 00:39:51,871
-It's unprecedented, he gets
into the English Channel and
in 5 days he sinks 4 ships,
453
00:39:54,309 --> 00:39:57,243
and he gets out.
454
00:39:57,279 --> 00:40:00,880
It's the most devastating
patrol carried out in the
Channel up to that time.
455
00:40:02,083 --> 00:40:04,750
It's quite remarkable.
456
00:40:04,953 --> 00:40:09,289
NARRATOR: Will draining the
waters of the English Channel
help explain this Nazi secret?
457
00:40:13,461 --> 00:40:18,564
Underwater archaeologist
Innes McCartney investigates
reports of a U-boat wreck
458
00:40:19,167 --> 00:40:24,304
about 20 miles off the
coast of Southern England,
hidden 200 feet down.
459
00:40:28,510 --> 00:40:31,611
-When you hit the water and
you put your hand on the down
line and you're swimming down
460
00:40:31,613 --> 00:40:34,848
to the wreck you know the
sense of anticipation is,
is just truly incredible.
461
00:40:40,755 --> 00:40:45,758
Your first interaction
with this completely unseen
object is can you work out
462
00:40:45,827 --> 00:40:48,161
what it is?
463
00:40:50,598 --> 00:40:55,468
NARRATOR: Now, for the
first time, the waters in the
English Channel drain away and
464
00:40:57,973 --> 00:41:02,475
bring U-480 into the
clear light of day.
465
00:41:04,178 --> 00:41:08,414
The secret of the stealth
submarine is revealed:
466
00:41:09,417 --> 00:41:13,786
the entire surface
of the U boat is
covered with rubber panels.
467
00:41:16,991 --> 00:41:22,228
Each panel has a series
of tiny regular holes,
instead of reflecting sonar
468
00:41:22,898 --> 00:41:25,365
signals back to
an Allied warship,
469
00:41:25,466 --> 00:41:28,701
these rubber
panels absorb them,
470
00:41:28,803 --> 00:41:32,271
making it
effectively invisible.
471
00:41:33,642 --> 00:41:37,777
-I put my hand on a, a
black rubber panel and I
was like, I don't believe
472
00:41:37,812 --> 00:41:40,146
what I've just seen!
473
00:41:42,216 --> 00:41:45,585
ERIC: Diminishing the
effectiveness of the other
side's sonar could well make
474
00:41:45,620 --> 00:41:47,720
the difference between
life and death.
475
00:41:49,791 --> 00:41:54,761
NARRATOR: Today, in
Kiel, Germany, one of U480's
sister boats still survives.
476
00:41:57,732 --> 00:42:03,002
-U480 wasn't a particularly
new design, it was the basic
477
00:42:04,105 --> 00:42:09,275
Type 7 U-boat
only covered with this
special cloaking device.
478
00:42:11,946 --> 00:42:17,684
NARRATOR: But draining
U480 raises another
critical question: if it was
479
00:42:18,186 --> 00:42:22,255
undetectable, why is
U480 at the bottom of
the English Channel?
480
00:42:25,126 --> 00:42:30,430
Removing all the water means
that clues to the damage done
to U480 can now be revealed.
481
00:42:33,335 --> 00:42:36,436
It has sustained
a critical blow.
482
00:42:36,937 --> 00:42:41,808
The stern section is
broken off and there's a
hole in the pressure hull.
483
00:42:43,678 --> 00:42:47,480
What caused such
devastating damage?
484
00:42:50,318 --> 00:42:53,052
Faced with a
modern hi-tech threat,
485
00:42:53,088 --> 00:42:56,389
the Allies resort to a
very old-fashioned
response:
486
00:42:59,628 --> 00:43:01,894
mines.
487
00:43:01,997 --> 00:43:07,233
-The trap that U480
fell victim to was
a secret minefield.
488
00:43:10,071 --> 00:43:13,139
NARRATOR: February, 1945.
489
00:43:13,408 --> 00:43:18,944
Shipping lanes crisscross the
channel but all Allied vessels
are secretly warned not to
490
00:43:20,348 --> 00:43:26,085
travel in a specific
shipping lane area and
unknown to the U-boat crew,
491
00:43:26,387 --> 00:43:31,624
the British lay what's called
a 'deep trap' minefield
far below the surface...
492
00:43:33,628 --> 00:43:36,095
Then wait.
493
00:43:36,097 --> 00:43:39,264
-U480 returned to what had
been its old hunting grounds,
494
00:43:39,300 --> 00:43:41,434
expecting to find
some more targets.
495
00:43:41,436 --> 00:43:44,270
The navigational buoys were
there so it seemed as if the
route was still being used.
496
00:43:45,640 --> 00:43:48,107
In fact it wasn't.
497
00:43:48,209 --> 00:43:52,178
The British were laying
minefields and these came
as a very nasty surprise.
498
00:43:55,049 --> 00:43:57,684
-It was laid at
the exact point they
knew U480 was going.
499
00:43:58,653 --> 00:44:01,787
Targeted killing,
based on intelligence.
500
00:44:01,790 --> 00:44:05,191
That's why you keep it secret.
501
00:44:06,694 --> 00:44:09,262
You're blind...
502
00:44:09,364 --> 00:44:11,798
Terrifying.
503
00:44:22,077 --> 00:44:24,544
(explosion)
504
00:44:30,018 --> 00:44:34,320
NARRATOR: 320 pounds
of explosive bursts a
hole in the submarine,
505
00:44:35,690 --> 00:44:39,559
letting in tons of
water per second.
506
00:44:40,528 --> 00:44:44,396
There is no chance of escape.
507
00:44:45,300 --> 00:44:49,168
The secret
stealth technology was
years ahead of its time,
508
00:44:51,306 --> 00:44:55,440
but in the end
even its special
cloak of invisibility
509
00:44:55,443 --> 00:44:59,278
could not save U480
from the victorious Allies.
510
00:45:05,453 --> 00:45:08,254
The Nazis lost World War II.
511
00:45:09,824 --> 00:45:13,592
But the deadly secrets
they left behind under
the world's oceans...
512
00:45:14,562 --> 00:45:18,897
Are a reminder of the
extraordinary courage
of the men and women who
513
00:45:18,900 --> 00:45:21,400
brought the Nazis down.
514
00:45:28,509 --> 00:45:29,942
Captioned by Cotter
Captioning Services.
47700
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