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NARRATOR: On the grasslands
of Southern Africa lives
a remarkable family,
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00:00:08,809 --> 00:00:12,312
a hyena clan, ruled by
their queen.
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(SQUEALING)
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00:00:18,452 --> 00:00:22,055
But their home is
suffering an intense
drought.
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00:00:24,191 --> 00:00:26,226
Prey is hard to find,
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00:00:27,294 --> 00:00:32,199
and the clan must travel vast
distances in search of food.
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00:00:33,500 --> 00:00:39,239
In the harsh conditions,
with young to feed,
they face a tough decision,
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do they leave their cubs
and head north to hunt?
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00:00:46,146 --> 00:00:50,584
Or do they wait for the
rains, and the herds,
to come to them?
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00:00:53,153 --> 00:00:55,122
The clan must be bold...
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00:00:58,225 --> 00:00:59,326
Cunning...
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00:01:04,164 --> 00:01:05,432
And strong...
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If they are to make it
through the drought,
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00:01:09,569 --> 00:01:11,605
the toughest time of all.
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(THEME MUSIC PLAYING)
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Meet the north clan.
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An extended family of
12 spotted hyenas.
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This is the first meal
they've had
in almost a week.
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They're hungry and it's
only a tiny antelope.
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They need a decent meal
at least every three days.
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There isn't enough to go
around, and tensions rise.
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00:02:04,057 --> 00:02:05,058
(GROWLING)
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00:02:11,665 --> 00:02:13,200
(GROWLING, SQUEALING)
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00:02:28,215 --> 00:02:30,150
The clan is struggling.
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00:02:32,152 --> 00:02:34,254
Their queen has two
cubs to feed.
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00:02:35,522 --> 00:02:37,457
A prince and princess
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00:02:38,291 --> 00:02:39,559
six weeks old,
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00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:42,696
and they'll rely almost
entirely on her milk
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00:02:43,163 --> 00:02:45,032
for up to a year
and a half.
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00:02:47,667 --> 00:02:50,537
Keeping them alive is her
top priority.
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00:02:59,846 --> 00:03:02,182
Their home is an
underground den
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00:03:03,083 --> 00:03:05,685
in the north of an
area of wilderness
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00:03:05,685 --> 00:03:07,721
known as the Liuwa Plains.
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00:03:09,556 --> 00:03:14,194
The queen and her clan
rule over a huge patch
of the plains
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00:03:14,428 --> 00:03:18,365
extending 20 miles
in every direction
from their den.
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00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:25,505
Located in the far west
of Zambia,
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Liuwa Plains
National Park is
1400 square miles
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00:03:30,343 --> 00:03:32,179
of open grassland.
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00:03:35,515 --> 00:03:38,051
There are only a handful
of lions here,
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00:03:39,352 --> 00:03:43,623
and the queen and her clan
have risen to the top of
the food chain.
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00:03:45,292 --> 00:03:49,129
Here they are hunters,
not scavengers.
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00:03:51,731 --> 00:03:55,335
In good years, there's
plenty for the clan to eat.
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00:03:57,437 --> 00:03:59,106
Herds of zebra.
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00:04:00,707 --> 00:04:03,543
Small antelopes,
called oribi.
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00:04:06,413 --> 00:04:10,050
And the clan's favorite
prey, wildebeest
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00:04:11,651 --> 00:04:13,220
and their calves.
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00:04:14,788 --> 00:04:16,289
(GRUNTING)
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00:04:21,528 --> 00:04:23,130
(THUNDER ROLLING)
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00:04:23,130 --> 00:04:24,397
In the rainy season,
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00:04:25,765 --> 00:04:29,002
thousands of wildebeest
normally converge
on the plains,
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00:04:30,103 --> 00:04:32,339
in the center
of the hyena's territory.
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00:04:36,143 --> 00:04:37,677
(MOOING, GRUNTING)
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00:04:45,252 --> 00:04:49,556
But this year the rains
are more than a month late.
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00:04:51,358 --> 00:04:55,428
Not a single drop has
fallen for more than
six months
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00:05:01,067 --> 00:05:04,237
and Liuwa Plains
is suffering
a severe drought.
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00:05:15,815 --> 00:05:18,518
Without fresh green grass
to attract them,
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00:05:19,085 --> 00:05:23,590
there are no wildebeest herds
anywhere near the north
clan's territory.
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00:05:28,195 --> 00:05:31,198
The herds are now
scattered far to the north,
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00:05:32,132 --> 00:05:35,602
and the clan has
to travel vast distances
to find them.
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00:05:41,474 --> 00:05:45,712
Several weeks ago,
a hunting party from
the clan went north
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00:05:46,413 --> 00:05:47,747
and never returned,
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00:05:51,685 --> 00:05:55,021
leaving this
small yearling an orphan.
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00:05:55,288 --> 00:05:56,289
(SQUEALING)
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00:05:57,657 --> 00:06:02,329
The clan has a strict
hierarchy and the
yearling's been pushed
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00:06:02,329 --> 00:06:04,464
to the bottom of
the social pile.
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00:06:05,398 --> 00:06:07,234
(CHIRPING AND GROWLING)
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00:06:08,368 --> 00:06:12,305
Even the two young cubs
take turns to boss her around.
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00:06:14,107 --> 00:06:15,108
(SQUEALING)
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00:06:19,279 --> 00:06:20,380
(GROWLING)
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00:06:25,552 --> 00:06:29,456
Born to a queen, they have
high ranking in the clan.
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00:06:33,793 --> 00:06:38,565
For the orphan, without a
mother to protect her and
give her status,
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00:06:38,832 --> 00:06:41,134
life is a daily struggle.
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00:06:43,837 --> 00:06:45,038
(SQUEALING)
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00:06:47,407 --> 00:06:51,077
She needs to grow up fast
and gain respect.
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00:06:59,719 --> 00:07:05,225
She is barely old enough
to eat solid food and has
no mother to provide milk.
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00:07:06,126 --> 00:07:08,395
Now she has little choice.
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00:07:08,662 --> 00:07:12,666
She must fight,
even for a tiny scrap
of the kill,
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00:07:13,199 --> 00:07:15,068
to keep herself alive.
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00:07:17,237 --> 00:07:20,607
And when the clan goes out
hunting, she must follow,
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00:07:21,041 --> 00:07:23,209
otherwise she won't survive.
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00:07:26,813 --> 00:07:30,450
Like all hyenas,
this clan is matriarchal.
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00:07:33,620 --> 00:07:35,488
Females are in charge.
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00:07:37,157 --> 00:07:41,061
They're as big and strong
as male hyenas.
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00:07:41,561 --> 00:07:43,196
(GROWLING)
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00:07:46,599 --> 00:07:50,303
All of the adult females
can potentially have cubs,
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00:07:50,737 --> 00:07:55,342
but they will usually only
tolerate one adult male
at the den.
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00:07:56,276 --> 00:07:59,646
And they use him for one
purpose only...
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00:08:01,147 --> 00:08:02,315
Mating.
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00:08:07,320 --> 00:08:11,524
The clan females have
unusually high levels of
testosterone
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00:08:12,058 --> 00:08:15,462
and this results in
the growth of
external genitalia,
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00:08:16,730 --> 00:08:22,335
a pseudopenis, that looks
almost identical to a
male phallus.
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00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:25,438
It's very hard to tell
them apart.
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00:08:29,075 --> 00:08:32,612
In a few years when the
prince and princess grow up,
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00:08:33,313 --> 00:08:37,550
she'll stay with the
clan but he'll be pushed
out of the den
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00:08:38,051 --> 00:08:39,719
to fend for himself.
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00:08:41,421 --> 00:08:43,623
He might become a
satellite male,
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guarding the den from
a distance.
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00:08:47,127 --> 00:08:52,232
Or he will leave his home
and travel far to find
a new clan.
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00:08:59,105 --> 00:09:01,474
For now though he's indulged,
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00:09:03,309 --> 00:09:05,678
and all the clan helps out
with the cubs.
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00:09:07,414 --> 00:09:10,450
There's even a babysitter
to watch over them
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00:09:10,683 --> 00:09:12,619
when the queen goes
out hunting.
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00:09:15,188 --> 00:09:18,224
Or when she just needs
to take a break.
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00:09:22,028 --> 00:09:23,029
(SQUEALING)
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00:09:31,504 --> 00:09:37,010
When the cubs are around
18 months old they will
start to eat solid food.
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00:09:38,511 --> 00:09:42,515
But for now, their mother's
milk gives them
everything they need.
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00:09:45,452 --> 00:09:48,688
Hyena milk is some of
the richest in the
animal kingdom,
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00:09:49,122 --> 00:09:53,393
with the highest
level of protein and fat
of any African carnivore.
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00:09:56,229 --> 00:10:01,501
It's so rich, one feed
can keep the cubs going
for days at a time.
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00:10:02,569 --> 00:10:06,473
But when their mother
goes hunting she can't be
gone too long.
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00:10:07,507 --> 00:10:11,211
If left for more than a week,
the cubs would die.
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00:10:13,379 --> 00:10:19,052
For the queen, producing
such nutritious milk
requires a lot of energy.
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00:10:21,254 --> 00:10:25,425
And she hasn't had a
decent meal in over a week.
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00:10:43,877 --> 00:10:49,249
The clan begins to stir
in anticipation of the
cool of the night.
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00:10:53,753 --> 00:10:55,121
(SQUEALING)
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00:11:10,069 --> 00:11:14,440
They have conserved their
energy for night-time,
when they typically hunt.
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00:11:22,815 --> 00:11:29,222
Hyenas can hear sounds up
to seven miles away and have
excellent night vision.
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00:11:36,796 --> 00:11:39,499
They scour their home
territory for food.
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00:11:41,234 --> 00:11:46,506
They can cover their
entire range, walking
20 miles in one night.
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00:11:50,109 --> 00:11:53,112
The queen stays at the
den to feed the cubs,
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00:11:53,413 --> 00:11:56,683
but listens out for any sound
of the clan making a kill.
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00:12:04,624 --> 00:12:10,263
But even highly adapted
senses are no help when
there's so little to be found.
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00:12:14,634 --> 00:12:18,404
A lone African wildcat is
the only creature they see.
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00:12:30,783 --> 00:12:34,020
They will continue the
search until sunrise.
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00:12:54,607 --> 00:12:59,178
Despite their nocturnal
efforts, the clan's
hunters return
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00:12:59,178 --> 00:13:01,080
to the den empty-handed.
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00:13:02,248 --> 00:13:06,419
But the cubs are still
pleased to see their
family safe and well.
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00:13:08,421 --> 00:13:10,390
(BIRDS CHIRPING)
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00:13:17,163 --> 00:13:19,766
It's one of the worst
droughts in decades.
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00:13:21,467 --> 00:13:24,203
By now, the rains
should have come
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00:13:24,704 --> 00:13:28,574
and the clan would have
thousands of wildebeest
to hunt all around them.
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00:13:31,544 --> 00:13:35,081
But with no sign of rain
or large wildebeest herds
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00:13:35,081 --> 00:13:38,584
on the horizon, the queen
faces a tough decision.
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00:13:40,787 --> 00:13:44,557
Does she take a risk
and lead another
hunting party north
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00:13:46,125 --> 00:13:50,296
or does she wait
and hope the herds
come to her?
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00:13:53,433 --> 00:13:57,637
She makes a brave call
and gathers the best
hunters in the clan.
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00:14:03,176 --> 00:14:05,044
They could be gone for days,
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00:14:07,513 --> 00:14:11,050
so a babysitter stays behind
to guard the cubs.
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00:14:14,687 --> 00:14:20,226
The lowly orphan
has no option.
She must join the hunters.
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00:14:33,406 --> 00:14:38,411
The cubs must wait
patiently, without food,
for their mother to return.
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00:15:07,306 --> 00:15:13,546
After a few hours, the
hunting party is already
15 miles from the den.
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00:15:18,184 --> 00:15:20,086
They find a single
wildebeest.
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00:15:20,586 --> 00:15:25,158
But no sign of the large
herds with calves
they're looking for.
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00:15:27,393 --> 00:15:32,632
Lone male wildebeest hold
territories in this part
of the plains year round.
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00:15:34,333 --> 00:15:38,371
When the rains return,
bringing the big herds
with females,
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00:15:38,571 --> 00:15:41,174
they'll be in prime
position to breed.
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00:15:44,377 --> 00:15:46,679
They spend their days
fighting with their
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00:15:46,679 --> 00:15:49,549
neighbors in a
display of strength.
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00:16:09,202 --> 00:16:14,240
For the clan, attempting
to bring down one of these
aggressive beasts
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00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:16,108
is not worth the risk.
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00:16:19,245 --> 00:16:20,246
(GRUNTS)
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00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:36,128
They push on further
to the north.
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00:16:59,452 --> 00:17:04,090
Another hour on and
the temperature climbs
to 100 degrees.
154
00:17:05,591 --> 00:17:07,093
(GROANING)
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00:17:10,096 --> 00:17:13,432
Most of the hunters
stop and rest.
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00:17:25,645 --> 00:17:29,115
So far, the orphan has
managed to keep up.
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00:17:29,649 --> 00:17:33,386
It's been a tough trial
and she's exhausted.
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00:17:43,663 --> 00:17:48,167
But the hungry queen
pushes on further. Alone.
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00:18:09,355 --> 00:18:12,124
She eventually finds what
she's looking for,
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00:18:12,558 --> 00:18:14,627
a small herd of wildebeest.
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00:18:24,136 --> 00:18:28,107
This time with more
vulnerable mothers
and calves.
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00:18:34,313 --> 00:18:38,484
Tired, thirsty,
hungry and alone,
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00:18:39,452 --> 00:18:42,989
her odds of making a kill
are next to none.
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00:18:54,066 --> 00:18:57,703
To hunt, hyenas usually
rely on teamwork.
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00:18:59,171 --> 00:19:05,044
But the hyena queen has
no option. She takes them
on singlehanded.
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00:19:11,350 --> 00:19:15,354
To have any chance,
she needs to find
a vulnerable target,
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00:19:16,789 --> 00:19:20,559
the old, the young,
the weak or the injured.
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00:19:26,699 --> 00:19:31,137
She sets the herd
running and looks for
any sign of weakness.
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00:19:43,082 --> 00:19:48,187
But a lone hunter
presents no danger to
these massive beasts.
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00:19:54,593 --> 00:19:57,496
Now the queen faces
another challenge,
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00:19:58,764 --> 00:20:00,666
she must cool down.
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00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:10,276
There's not a
single tree in sight.
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00:20:11,477 --> 00:20:14,613
With no shade,
in the middle of
the afternoon
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00:20:15,147 --> 00:20:18,684
the temperature is a
baking 110 degrees.
175
00:20:21,620 --> 00:20:26,625
Salivating and wetting
her forelegs helps reduce
her body temperature.
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00:20:30,429 --> 00:20:36,202
As the liquid evaporates,
blood in the veins just
below the skin cools down.
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00:20:40,539 --> 00:20:46,412
It's an ingenious system
of thermoregulation, but
a sign of desperation.
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00:20:53,385 --> 00:20:57,790
The queen has run
all day in the heat
without food or water.
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00:21:04,797 --> 00:21:09,635
Lowering her temperature
could mean the difference
between life and death.
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00:21:13,706 --> 00:21:16,442
Separated from the rest
of the hunting party,
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00:21:17,409 --> 00:21:20,713
her day has gone from
bad to worse.
182
00:21:27,086 --> 00:21:28,087
(BIRD CHIRPING)
183
00:21:31,524 --> 00:21:32,525
(CHIRPING)
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00:21:44,303 --> 00:21:47,106
The hunting party is
five miles back.
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00:21:47,339 --> 00:21:49,642
They've slept through the
worst of the heat.
186
00:21:56,448 --> 00:22:00,386
Now rested, they turn
their attention to
finding water.
187
00:22:11,130 --> 00:22:15,501
Dotted across the dry
plains are tiny circles
of green,
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00:22:16,435 --> 00:22:18,737
remnants of the last rains.
189
00:22:20,206 --> 00:22:21,507
Waterholes.
190
00:22:25,077 --> 00:22:29,415
The orphan is the first
to find water and leads
the hunters to drink.
191
00:22:39,325 --> 00:22:43,495
It's a precious oasis in
an otherwise parched land.
192
00:22:45,097 --> 00:22:49,368
This is the only water
source for miles around,
193
00:22:49,568 --> 00:22:52,137
and is a magnet for all life.
194
00:23:11,156 --> 00:23:15,027
The orphan and the
hunters may not have
found anything to eat,
195
00:23:15,427 --> 00:23:19,531
but they've at least
found somewhere to drink
and keep cool.
196
00:23:25,070 --> 00:23:26,505
It's welcome relief.
197
00:23:54,266 --> 00:23:57,670
Even the elusive wildebeest
come here to drink.
198
00:24:02,508 --> 00:24:05,511
Drawing the attention of
the hunting party.
199
00:24:31,270 --> 00:24:35,641
A brave and thirsty
wildebeest tests
the waters.
200
00:24:45,584 --> 00:24:47,486
It's understandably
nervous.
201
00:24:49,221 --> 00:24:50,489
(YELPS)
202
00:25:04,269 --> 00:25:07,473
But the hyenas seem to
barely acknowledge
it's presence.
203
00:25:08,207 --> 00:25:10,109
It's still too hot to hunt.
204
00:25:16,248 --> 00:25:19,051
They'll take their
chances after dark.
205
00:25:49,581 --> 00:25:53,619
In the cool of the night,
the queen has regained
her strength
206
00:25:54,086 --> 00:25:56,688
and travelled back to rejoin
the hunting party.
207
00:26:00,426 --> 00:26:04,196
More and more
wildebeest are gathering
at the waterhole.
208
00:26:22,581 --> 00:26:24,683
But they aren't easy prey.
209
00:26:27,286 --> 00:26:30,088
The wildebeest have
strength in numbers
210
00:26:30,088 --> 00:26:32,658
and a well organized
defensive strategy.
211
00:26:34,393 --> 00:26:38,330
They spread out in a line
to avoid becoming
surrounded.
212
00:26:49,508 --> 00:26:51,610
But any stragglers
are vulnerable.
213
00:26:58,183 --> 00:27:02,688
And the hyenas keep
watching, looking for a
weak link.
214
00:27:31,283 --> 00:27:33,685
The clan makes a
successful kill.
215
00:27:39,358 --> 00:27:41,260
The queen asserts
her dominance
216
00:27:45,797 --> 00:27:47,766
and has her
choice of the meat.
217
00:27:55,240 --> 00:27:59,745
She can eat one third of
her bodyweight in just
one sitting.
218
00:28:04,116 --> 00:28:06,051
Shared between the
hunting party,
219
00:28:06,418 --> 00:28:10,222
the entire kill is gone
in a matter of minutes.
220
00:28:12,157 --> 00:28:13,158
(SQUEALING)
221
00:28:27,806 --> 00:28:31,043
Finally,
their bellies are full.
222
00:28:34,079 --> 00:28:35,247
(HOWLING)
223
00:28:36,348 --> 00:28:37,583
(CRICKETS CHIRPING)
224
00:28:46,124 --> 00:28:49,328
Fifteen miles to the
south, back at the den,
225
00:28:50,062 --> 00:28:53,231
the prince and princess
are getting hungrier.
226
00:28:56,134 --> 00:29:00,038
But there'll be no relief
until their mother returns
to feed them.
227
00:29:10,182 --> 00:29:12,117
In their mother's absence,
228
00:29:12,117 --> 00:29:15,053
and blissfully unaware
of any danger,
229
00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:19,157
the cubs are starting to
venture further afield.
230
00:29:21,460 --> 00:29:25,063
Exploring their world is
a vital part of growing up,
231
00:29:26,164 --> 00:29:28,266
so there's no rest
for the babysitter.
232
00:29:31,737 --> 00:29:36,041
Every day left alone,
they are becoming bolder.
233
00:29:49,554 --> 00:29:54,426
She keeps a watchful eye
and makes sure the cubs
don't stray too far.
234
00:30:10,275 --> 00:30:14,179
Far to the north,
clouds build on the horizon.
235
00:30:17,482 --> 00:30:20,752
The hunting party begins
its long journey home.
236
00:30:21,787 --> 00:30:24,723
The queen needs to get
back to her cubs.
237
00:30:26,625 --> 00:30:28,660
But progress is slow.
238
00:30:30,095 --> 00:30:35,233
One of the clan was injured
in last night's hunt and
will have a tough time
239
00:30:35,233 --> 00:30:36,768
making it back to the den.
240
00:30:49,648 --> 00:30:53,051
These storm clouds hold
false promise.
241
00:30:53,852 --> 00:30:57,589
They bring only thunder
and lightning.
242
00:30:58,390 --> 00:31:01,993
But none of the rains
that are so desperately
needed.
243
00:31:04,062 --> 00:31:06,064
With the plains tinder dry,
244
00:31:06,064 --> 00:31:10,402
it's the perfect conditions
for a deadly force of nature.
245
00:31:11,103 --> 00:31:13,138
(THUNDER ROLLING)
246
00:31:22,714 --> 00:31:24,082
Bushfires.
247
00:31:36,828 --> 00:31:42,634
In a strong wind, flames
can sweep across the plains
at 50 miles per hour,
248
00:31:45,337 --> 00:31:48,473
and reach temperatures
of nearly 2000 degrees,
249
00:31:48,740 --> 00:31:51,243
consuming everything
in their path.
250
00:31:57,149 --> 00:32:00,318
The fires are between the
hunters and the den.
251
00:32:05,357 --> 00:32:10,362
Cut off, the queen leads
her hunting party around
the flames.
252
00:32:11,463 --> 00:32:14,065
They'll have to take the
long route home,
253
00:32:14,065 --> 00:32:16,268
adding a day to their journey.
254
00:32:18,270 --> 00:32:22,340
Bad news for them,
but a bonanza for others.
255
00:32:27,379 --> 00:32:30,215
Swarms of insects
flee the flames,
256
00:32:31,716 --> 00:32:34,152
providing a feast
for birdlife.
257
00:32:43,695 --> 00:32:46,631
Pratincoles have flown
5000 miles,
258
00:32:46,865 --> 00:32:50,602
all the way from Russia,
to feed on these plains.
259
00:32:57,142 --> 00:33:00,445
They are quick to take
advantage of any
food they can get.
260
00:33:17,395 --> 00:33:19,364
The fires look destructive,
261
00:33:22,634 --> 00:33:24,703
but they cleanse
the grasslands,
262
00:33:27,405 --> 00:33:31,142
converting dry vegetation
to fertile ash.
263
00:33:40,785 --> 00:33:44,089
All the land needs
now is rain.
264
00:34:10,548 --> 00:34:17,088
Three days after it set off,
the hunting party finally
returns to the den.
265
00:34:23,495 --> 00:34:26,331
The pups greet their
mother and the hunters.
266
00:34:29,067 --> 00:34:33,571
Each time
clan members reunite,
they perform rituals,
267
00:34:34,706 --> 00:34:38,310
nuzzling each other's
genitals and scent marking.
268
00:34:44,783 --> 00:34:49,587
This strengthens family
bonds and reenforces
hierarchies.
269
00:34:55,493 --> 00:35:00,732
As a low status member of
the clan, the babysitter
initiates a greeting.
270
00:35:06,771 --> 00:35:10,108
The orphan has grown up a
lot on the hunting trip,
271
00:35:10,408 --> 00:35:14,145
and is slowly starting to
gain the respect of the clan.
272
00:35:18,817 --> 00:35:22,721
For the cubs, who survive
totally on their
mother's milk,
273
00:35:23,221 --> 00:35:26,091
the queen has
arrived just in time.
274
00:35:31,296 --> 00:35:34,332
And there is another
welcome arrival
for the clan.
275
00:35:35,333 --> 00:35:36,601
(THUNDER ROLLING)
276
00:35:43,174 --> 00:35:48,546
After months of drought
and struggle, the rains
finally arrive.
277
00:35:54,719 --> 00:35:56,388
(THUNDER ROLLING)
278
00:36:26,251 --> 00:36:31,456
In just a few hours,
over a billion gallons
of water flood the land.
279
00:36:41,266 --> 00:36:45,336
In a matter of days,
Liuwa transforms from
280
00:36:45,336 --> 00:36:49,040
dry, dusty plains
to green grassland.
281
00:36:55,580 --> 00:37:02,220
Dry waterholes begin to fill,
and some areas become
a wetland paradise.
282
00:37:16,167 --> 00:37:20,338
All creatures here
have been waiting
for this moment.
283
00:37:26,811 --> 00:37:28,246
From the biggest,
284
00:37:31,149 --> 00:37:32,383
to the smallest.
285
00:37:41,392 --> 00:37:46,197
The first drops of rain
trigger a remarkable event.
286
00:37:49,634 --> 00:37:52,270
As the earth softens
in the rain,
287
00:37:52,270 --> 00:37:55,006
termites emerge
in their thousands.
288
00:38:10,488 --> 00:38:15,059
Filling the sky in a
beautiful but brief
breeding display.
289
00:38:17,061 --> 00:38:21,199
It's the termites' once
in a year chance to reproduce.
290
00:38:25,103 --> 00:38:29,674
Winged queens and males
fly out to establish
new colonies.
291
00:38:40,285 --> 00:38:43,388
In the air, females
release pheromones
292
00:38:43,388 --> 00:38:46,090
to attract males from
neighboring mounds.
293
00:38:49,727 --> 00:38:53,431
Pairs mate on the wing,
then land to burrow
294
00:38:53,431 --> 00:38:56,401
underground and begin
a new colony,
295
00:38:57,135 --> 00:38:59,938
only a few feet from
where they started.
296
00:39:06,044 --> 00:39:12,483
It's the first sign on
the Liuwa Plains that a
new cycle of life has begun.
297
00:39:16,254 --> 00:39:20,058
And the new green grass
prompts the long awaited
return
298
00:39:20,558 --> 00:39:23,094
of the great herds
of wildebeest.
299
00:39:26,064 --> 00:39:28,433
The herds know exactly
where to go.
300
00:39:34,372 --> 00:39:37,642
Walking for days to arrive
just in time
301
00:39:37,642 --> 00:39:40,578
for fresh green shoots
to spring from the ground.
302
00:39:59,297 --> 00:40:02,533
And traveling with them,
are their young calves.
303
00:40:10,441 --> 00:40:15,113
Their arrival in the
clan's territory is a
turning point for the family.
304
00:40:20,084 --> 00:40:21,819
The hyenas are rested,
305
00:40:21,819 --> 00:40:25,290
and with thousands of
wildebeest now on
their doorstep,
306
00:40:25,523 --> 00:40:28,326
they should
have more chance
of success.
307
00:40:31,596 --> 00:40:35,566
One by one, they test the
herd by charging at them.
308
00:40:40,305 --> 00:40:43,775
Hyenas are slower than
wildebeest over short
distances,
309
00:40:48,346 --> 00:40:50,782
but they are patient,
cunning hunters.
310
00:40:57,188 --> 00:40:59,324
They appear to
give up the chase,
311
00:40:59,757 --> 00:41:02,093
but this is
a deliberate ploy.
312
00:41:09,300 --> 00:41:12,003
They watch the fleeing
animals closely,
313
00:41:12,370 --> 00:41:15,206
looking for any sign
of weakness.
314
00:41:17,175 --> 00:41:21,412
The commotion of the hunt
draws the attention of
other opportunists,
315
00:41:22,847 --> 00:41:24,716
lappet faced vultures.
316
00:41:29,187 --> 00:41:34,092
They can zero in on a
potential meal from
20 miles away.
317
00:41:47,405 --> 00:41:52,076
The clan sets the wildebeest
and zebra running
again and again.
318
00:41:59,517 --> 00:42:03,121
It's a strategy of
observation and persistence.
319
00:42:33,851 --> 00:42:35,787
Success at last.
320
00:42:38,322 --> 00:42:41,392
The vultures know exactly
when a kill takes place
321
00:42:42,160 --> 00:42:46,130
and gather on the sidelines,
waiting for an opportunity
322
00:42:46,130 --> 00:42:48,332
to steal a
share of the spoils.
323
00:42:57,108 --> 00:43:00,611
It's a welcome meal
for the queen and
her hunters.
324
00:43:06,083 --> 00:43:08,152
There's plenty to go round,
325
00:43:14,325 --> 00:43:16,761
but they still have to
fend off the vultures.
326
00:43:28,539 --> 00:43:30,541
When it comes to eating,
327
00:43:30,541 --> 00:43:36,147
the clan, like all hyenas,
are perfectly adapted
carnivores.
328
00:43:40,218 --> 00:43:43,521
They have an extraordinary
anatomy and physiology.
329
00:43:44,355 --> 00:43:47,725
With thick jawbones and
powerfully developed muscles,
330
00:43:47,725 --> 00:43:50,194
their bite force is immense,
331
00:43:50,194 --> 00:43:52,630
one of the strongest in
the animal kingdom.
332
00:43:55,299 --> 00:43:59,971
Their teeth are specially
designed to grind down
even the toughest bone.
333
00:44:03,541 --> 00:44:06,143
And they eat
the entire carcass,
334
00:44:06,444 --> 00:44:08,679
only hair and horns remain.
335
00:44:13,518 --> 00:44:17,355
Their digestive system
has strong acids to
dissolve bone,
336
00:44:17,622 --> 00:44:20,224
using up
every part of the kill.
337
00:44:23,394 --> 00:44:25,363
Stomachs finally full,
338
00:44:26,063 --> 00:44:29,667
they lie down, allowing
their gut to get to work.
339
00:44:34,138 --> 00:44:38,409
This efficient eating is
what's enabled them to
survive on little food
340
00:44:38,743 --> 00:44:41,412
during one of the toughest
droughts on record.
341
00:44:44,482 --> 00:44:47,418
It's the key to their
success, and what's made
342
00:44:47,418 --> 00:44:51,455
hyenas one of Africa's
most abundant carnivores.
343
00:44:55,626 --> 00:44:57,728
The orphan has had her fill.
344
00:44:59,163 --> 00:45:02,366
Against the odds, without
a mother to feed her,
345
00:45:02,366 --> 00:45:04,468
she has established herself.
346
00:45:09,740 --> 00:45:14,979
A huge achievement for a
hyena just over a year old.
347
00:45:17,114 --> 00:45:21,152
She's now proven herself
to be a valuable member
of the clan
348
00:45:21,619 --> 00:45:23,721
and is growing in confidence.
349
00:45:39,136 --> 00:45:41,639
She's no longer at the
bottom of the pile.
350
00:45:55,820 --> 00:45:59,090
The prince and princess
are growing up fast.
351
00:46:08,699 --> 00:46:12,603
They're digging themselves
a new burrow
at the back of the den.
352
00:46:28,285 --> 00:46:30,287
An expansion is needed
353
00:46:30,287 --> 00:46:33,290
to make space for the
newest member of the family.
354
00:46:36,427 --> 00:46:38,663
One of the other females
has given birth
355
00:46:39,530 --> 00:46:43,200
and is introducing her
two-week-old cub to the clan.
356
00:46:55,146 --> 00:46:59,483
Together, the hyenas
have got through
the toughest of droughts.
357
00:47:08,626 --> 00:47:10,695
And the family is growing.
358
00:47:16,167 --> 00:47:19,103
With wildebeest streaming
down from the north,
359
00:47:19,470 --> 00:47:25,576
there are good times
ahead for these survivors
of the plains.
30323
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