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1
00:00:06,274 --> 00:00:09,643
Narrator:
THIS IS THE STORY OF AMERICA,
2
00:00:09,677 --> 00:00:13,247
SEEN IN COLOR
FOR THE FIRST TIME.
3
00:00:13,281 --> 00:00:19,453
*
4
00:00:19,487 --> 00:00:24,392
THE 1930s ARE THE YEARS
OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION.
5
00:00:24,425 --> 00:00:26,194
[SHOUTING]
6
00:00:26,227 --> 00:00:29,063
IN THE AFTERMATH
OF THE STOCK MARKET CRASH,
7
00:00:29,097 --> 00:00:32,700
VIOLENCE AND ANARCHY THREATEN
TO TEAR THE COUNTRY APART.
8
00:00:35,836 --> 00:00:38,172
ONE PRESIDENT FLOUNDERS.
9
00:00:38,206 --> 00:00:41,642
Herbert Hoover:
BE PATIENT. BE HELPFUL.
10
00:00:41,675 --> 00:00:44,678
Narrator:
ANOTHER OFFERS A NEW DEAL.
11
00:00:44,712 --> 00:00:48,116
Franklin Roosevelt:
THIS NATION IS ASKING FOR ACTION
12
00:00:48,149 --> 00:00:50,218
AND ACTION NOW!
13
00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:56,224
Narrator:
BOLD PROJECTS INSPIRE AMERICANS.
14
00:00:56,257 --> 00:00:58,359
[GUNSHOTS]
15
00:00:58,392 --> 00:01:02,363
HOOVER'S G-MEN
GO AFTER THE GANGSTERS.
16
00:01:02,396 --> 00:01:04,698
J. Edgar Hoover: WE SHOULD ALL
BE CONCERNED WITH BUT ONE GOAL--
17
00:01:04,732 --> 00:01:07,835
THE ERADICATION OF CRIME.
18
00:01:07,868 --> 00:01:11,539
Narrator: IT'S A DECADE OF GRAND
VISIONS AND LOFTY ACHIEVEMENTS.
19
00:01:15,143 --> 00:01:16,744
BUT POWERFUL FORCES THREATEN
20
00:01:16,777 --> 00:01:19,680
TO LEAVE THE AMERICAN DREAM
IN THE DUST.
21
00:01:23,751 --> 00:01:28,289
THIS IS THE STORY OF
A NATION'S FIGHT FOR SURVIVAL,
22
00:01:28,322 --> 00:01:30,858
AS YOU'VE NEVER SEEN IT BEFORE.
23
00:01:30,891 --> 00:01:37,631
*
24
00:01:37,665 --> 00:01:39,533
[GIRLS SCREAMING]
25
00:01:43,504 --> 00:01:45,273
John F. Kennedy:
I WANT US TO RECAPTURE THAT...
26
00:01:45,306 --> 00:01:54,215
*
27
00:01:58,486 --> 00:02:03,324
Narrator: MACY'S
THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE, 1929.
28
00:02:03,357 --> 00:02:05,893
AMERICANS PUT ON A HAPPY FACE.
29
00:02:05,926 --> 00:02:12,900
*
30
00:02:12,933 --> 00:02:16,270
IN WASHINGTON ON CHRISTMAS EVE,
FIRST LADY LOU HOOVER
31
00:02:16,304 --> 00:02:19,340
TRADITIONALLY DISTRIBUTES TOYS
TO LOCAL CHILDREN.
32
00:02:19,373 --> 00:02:24,178
*
33
00:02:24,212 --> 00:02:27,781
BUT THIS YEAR, THE BAGS
CONTAIN FOOD, NOT TOYS.
34
00:02:30,951 --> 00:02:36,490
THE COUNTRY IS IN THE THROES
OF AN ECONOMIC MELTDOWN.
35
00:02:36,524 --> 00:02:39,693
THAT SAME NIGHT,
DISASTER STRIKES.
36
00:02:39,727 --> 00:02:44,765
[SIREN]
37
00:02:44,798 --> 00:02:48,469
FAULTY WIRING SPARKS A BLAZE
IN THE WHITE HOUSE,
38
00:02:48,502 --> 00:02:54,408
LEAVING PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER
SCRAMBLING TO SAVE WHAT HE CAN.
39
00:02:54,442 --> 00:02:58,312
AS CHRISTMAS DAY DAWNS,
THE DAMAGE IS CLEAR.
40
00:02:58,346 --> 00:03:01,282
THE WEST WING,
INCLUDING THE OVAL OFFICE,
41
00:03:01,315 --> 00:03:04,785
IS A BURNT-OUT SHELL.
42
00:03:04,818 --> 00:03:07,588
THE CHARRED, SMOLDERING RUINS
OF THE WHITE HOUSE
43
00:03:07,621 --> 00:03:10,258
SEEM TO REFLECT
THE NATIONAL MOOD.
44
00:03:14,695 --> 00:03:17,231
[SHOUTING]
45
00:03:17,265 --> 00:03:18,666
JUST TWO MONTHS EARLIER,
46
00:03:18,699 --> 00:03:22,670
$25 BILLION--
NEARLY HALF A TRILLION TODAY-.
47
00:03:22,703 --> 00:03:27,275
DISAPPEARS
AS THE STOCK MARKET PLUMMETS.
48
00:03:27,308 --> 00:03:28,309
[BANG]
49
00:03:29,843 --> 00:03:33,681
BANKS DEMAND THAT BROKERS REPAY
WHAT THEY'VE BORROWED,
50
00:03:33,714 --> 00:03:35,316
BUT MANY CANNOT.
51
00:03:38,452 --> 00:03:39,620
AND ON MAIN STREET,
52
00:03:39,653 --> 00:03:41,922
AMERICANS LOSE CONFIDENCE
IN BANKS
53
00:03:41,955 --> 00:03:44,024
AND TRY TO PULL THEIR MONEY OUT.
54
00:03:44,057 --> 00:03:50,598
*
55
00:03:50,631 --> 00:03:52,833
THOUSANDS MAKE RUNS
ON THE BANKS,
56
00:03:52,866 --> 00:03:57,371
AND AS THE NEW DECADE STARTS,
MORE THAN 650 FAIL.
57
00:04:00,408 --> 00:04:04,845
ALMOST $80 MILLION
OF PERSONAL SAVINGS ARE LOST,
58
00:04:04,878 --> 00:04:06,547
FOREVER.
59
00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:17,558
*
60
00:04:17,591 --> 00:04:23,597
MEN ACROSS THE COUNTRY
ARE LOSING THEIR JOBS IN DROVES.
61
00:04:23,631 --> 00:04:27,401
CHICAGO IS ONE OF THE PLACES
HARDEST HIT.
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00:04:27,435 --> 00:04:31,905
IN 1930, NEARLY 450,000 PEOPLE
IN THIS CITY ALONE
63
00:04:31,939 --> 00:04:34,074
ARE UNEMPLOYED,
64
00:04:34,107 --> 00:04:39,079
AN INCREASE OF 170%.
65
00:04:39,112 --> 00:04:41,749
THEY'RE UNABLE
TO FEED THEIR FAMILIES.
66
00:04:44,418 --> 00:04:48,556
THE NEEDS OF THE POOR
OVERWHELM LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
67
00:04:48,589 --> 00:04:53,394
CHURCHES AND PRIVATE CHARITIES
STEP IN TO HELP.
68
00:04:53,427 --> 00:04:58,432
EVEN MOB BOSS AL CAPONE SETS UP
ONE OF THE FIRST SOUP KITCHENS.
69
00:04:58,466 --> 00:05:09,877
*
70
00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:11,078
ACROSS THE COUNTRY,
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00:05:11,111 --> 00:05:15,516
4.3 MILLION PEOPLE
ARE OUT OF WORK.
72
00:05:15,549 --> 00:05:17,485
MANY OF THE HOMELESS
AND DESTITUTE
73
00:05:17,518 --> 00:05:19,853
TOUGH IT OUT IN SHANTYTOWNS.
74
00:05:19,887 --> 00:05:28,762
*
75
00:05:28,796 --> 00:05:30,798
THEY'RE DUBBED HOOVERVILLES,
76
00:05:30,831 --> 00:05:33,601
A SCATHING COMMENTARY
ON THE PRESIDENT.
77
00:05:33,634 --> 00:05:41,975
*
78
00:05:42,009 --> 00:05:43,611
THIS RARE HOME MOVIE
79
00:05:43,644 --> 00:05:46,447
OF HOOVER TEACHING
HIS GRANDCHILDREN TO FISH
80
00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:49,550
WAS SHOT BY HIS WIFE LOU
IN 1930.
81
00:05:52,686 --> 00:05:54,922
HOOVER IS A SELF-MADE MAN.
82
00:05:54,955 --> 00:05:57,057
HE BELIEVES AMERICA
CAN END THE DEPRESSION
83
00:05:57,090 --> 00:05:58,926
THROUGH THE EFFORTS
OF INDIVIDUALS
84
00:05:58,959 --> 00:06:00,761
AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
85
00:06:00,794 --> 00:06:05,633
AND NOT WITH
GOVERNMENT HANDOUTS.
86
00:06:05,666 --> 00:06:06,934
Hoover:
AND THEREFORE I WOULD SAY
87
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TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC--
88
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BE PATIENT. BE HELPFUL.
89
00:06:11,872 --> 00:06:14,942
RECOGNIZE THE COMPLEXITY AND
THE DIFFICULTY OF THE PROBLEM
90
00:06:14,975 --> 00:06:19,146
BEFORE THESE SERVANTS OF
YOUR COMBINED PUBLIC INTEREST.
91
00:06:21,549 --> 00:06:24,084
Narrator: HOOVER APPEALS TO ONE
OF THE RICHEST MEN IN AMERICA,
92
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HENRY FORD.
93
00:06:25,786 --> 00:06:32,159
*
94
00:06:32,192 --> 00:06:35,563
HOPING TO STIMULATE SALES
AND THE ECONOMY,
95
00:06:35,596 --> 00:06:38,932
FORD RAISES WAGES
AND CUTS CAR PRICES.
96
00:06:38,966 --> 00:06:43,771
*
97
00:06:43,804 --> 00:06:47,841
BUT BY 1932,
SALES ARE AT ROCK BOTTOM,
98
00:06:47,875 --> 00:06:53,080
AND FORD HAS LOST $75 MILLION.
99
00:06:53,113 --> 00:06:59,119
HE LAYS OFF TWO-THIRDS
OF HIS WORKFORCE.
100
00:06:59,152 --> 00:07:01,589
IN RESPONSE,
THE LAID-OFF WORKERS DEMAND
101
00:07:01,622 --> 00:07:03,491
THAT FORD REHIRE THEM.
102
00:07:07,027 --> 00:07:10,564
ON MARCH 7th,
5,000 GATHER IN DETROIT
103
00:07:10,598 --> 00:07:13,501
AND MAKE THEIR WAY
TO THE FORD PLANT IN DEARBORN.
104
00:07:16,504 --> 00:07:19,507
THE ONLY SURVIVING FOOTAGE
OF THAT FATEFUL DAY
105
00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:22,476
IS FILMED BY THE DETROIT
UNEMPLOYED COUNCIL.
106
00:07:25,212 --> 00:07:28,081
AT THE CITY LIMITS,
VIOLENCE ERUPTS.
107
00:07:28,115 --> 00:07:29,216
[GLASS SMASHES]
108
00:07:29,249 --> 00:07:33,253
[SHOUTING]
109
00:07:33,286 --> 00:07:38,125
DEARBORN POLICE SPRAY TEAR GAS
AND ATTACK THE MEN WITH CLUBS.
110
00:07:41,562 --> 00:07:44,498
THE PROTESTERS FIGHT BACK
WITH ANYTHING THEY CAN.
111
00:07:44,532 --> 00:07:46,834
[SCREAMING AND SHOUTING]
112
00:07:46,867 --> 00:07:50,804
*
113
00:07:50,838 --> 00:07:54,908
THEN FORD'S PRIVATE SECURITY
GETS THE NOD AND OPENS FIRE.
114
00:07:54,942 --> 00:07:56,644
[GUNSHOTS]
115
00:08:00,013 --> 00:08:02,983
FOUR LAID-OFF WORKERS
DIE THAT DAY.
116
00:08:03,016 --> 00:08:07,220
[BELL TOLLING]
117
00:08:07,254 --> 00:08:12,025
80,000 MOURNERS
JOIN THE FUNERAL PROCESSION.
118
00:08:12,059 --> 00:08:15,529
THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN LABOR AND MANAGEMENT
119
00:08:15,563 --> 00:08:18,999
WILL REMAIN CONTENTIOUS.
120
00:08:19,032 --> 00:08:23,771
*
121
00:08:23,804 --> 00:08:26,039
FOR THE LUCKY FEW
WHO HAVE EVEN A LITTLE MONEY,
122
00:08:26,073 --> 00:08:29,242
LIFE IS MUCH DIFFERENT.
123
00:08:29,276 --> 00:08:35,248
19-YEAR-OLD WALLACE KELLY WAS
DRAWN TO NEW YORK BY HIS DREAMS.
124
00:08:35,282 --> 00:08:38,786
HE SAVED FOR A MOVIE CAMERA
BY SKIPPING LUNCH IN COLLEGE.
125
00:08:42,856 --> 00:08:45,559
HE AIMS TO FIND WORK
AS AN ILLUSTRATOR.
126
00:08:45,593 --> 00:08:50,330
*
127
00:08:50,363 --> 00:08:56,804
WHILE JOB HUNTING, HE CAPTURES
CITY LIFE DURING THE DEPRESSION.
128
00:08:56,837 --> 00:09:01,208
HE TELLS HIS FAMILY THAT HE SEES
MORE SUICIDES THAN PAYCHECKS.
129
00:09:04,712 --> 00:09:08,048
BUT HE HAS ENOUGH SPARE CASH
TO VISIT NEW YORK'S PLAYGROUND,
130
00:09:08,081 --> 00:09:09,917
CONEY ISLAND.
131
00:09:09,950 --> 00:09:17,658
*
132
00:09:17,691 --> 00:09:20,961
FOR OTHERS, SAVINGS ARE GONE.
133
00:09:20,994 --> 00:09:23,096
THEY HAVE NOTHING.
134
00:09:23,130 --> 00:09:24,732
Announcer: ...FROM ALL PARTS
OF THE COUNTRY,
135
00:09:24,765 --> 00:09:26,934
AND THIS CONTINGENT
FROM CALIFORNIA
136
00:09:26,967 --> 00:09:30,303
ARE HEADING FOR WASHINGTON
TO JOIN THE BONUS FIGHT.
137
00:09:33,006 --> 00:09:38,712
IN 1932, SOME 20,000 WORLD WAR I
VETERANS, CALLED THE BONUS ARMY,
138
00:09:38,746 --> 00:09:40,714
MARCH TO A NEW BATTLEFRONT.
139
00:09:44,885 --> 00:09:47,655
CONGRESS HAS PROMISED THEM
A BONUS OF $1.25
140
00:09:47,688 --> 00:09:50,824
FOR EACH DAY SERVED OVERSEAS,
141
00:09:50,858 --> 00:09:56,396
NOT TO BE PAID, THOUGH,
UNTIL 1945.
142
00:09:56,429 --> 00:09:58,899
WITH SO MANY VETERANS
BROKE AND JOBLESS,
143
00:09:58,932 --> 00:10:01,669
THEY ARE DEMANDING
THE MONEY NOW.
144
00:10:04,872 --> 00:10:07,174
CONGRESS REFUSES.
145
00:10:07,207 --> 00:10:11,011
$2 BILLION,
IT'S JUST NOT POSSIBLE.
146
00:10:11,044 --> 00:10:16,684
*
147
00:10:16,717 --> 00:10:19,052
BUT THE VETERANS
REFUSE TO LEAVE.
148
00:10:19,086 --> 00:10:23,957
THEY CAMP OUT
IN THE SWELTERING SUMMER HEAT.
149
00:10:23,991 --> 00:10:28,762
FIVE LONG WEEKS PASS.
150
00:10:28,796 --> 00:10:31,064
FINALLY, PRESIDENT HOOVER,
CONVINCED THE BONUS ARMY
151
00:10:31,098 --> 00:10:33,400
IS A FRONT
FOR A COMMUNIST REVOLUTION,
152
00:10:33,433 --> 00:10:36,003
ORDERS THE POLICE
TO CLEAR THE MEN OUT.
153
00:10:36,036 --> 00:10:45,345
*
154
00:10:45,378 --> 00:10:48,081
BUT THE VETERANS AREN'T GOING
WITHOUT A FIGHT.
155
00:10:48,115 --> 00:10:55,689
*
156
00:10:55,723 --> 00:10:58,058
HOOVER CALLS IN THE ARMY.
157
00:11:00,894 --> 00:11:03,897
HIS CHIEF OF STAFF,
GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR,
158
00:11:03,931 --> 00:11:06,967
ORDERS THE 12th INFANTRY
AND 3rd CAVALRY REGIMENTS
159
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,368
TO ASSEMBLE.
160
00:11:12,005 --> 00:11:14,207
FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN AMERICAN HISTORY,
161
00:11:14,241 --> 00:11:17,144
TANKS ROLL DOWN
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
162
00:11:17,177 --> 00:11:20,313
MOBILIZED
AGAINST AMERICAN CITIZENS.
163
00:11:20,347 --> 00:11:27,187
*
164
00:11:27,220 --> 00:11:30,891
IGNORING HOOVER'S ORDERS
TO EVACUATE THE MEN PEACEFULLY,
165
00:11:30,924 --> 00:11:33,761
THE INFANTRY CLOSES IN
ON THE VETERANS.
166
00:11:37,364 --> 00:11:41,034
THE SOLDIERS ADVANCE
WITH TEAR GAS AND FIXED BAYONETS
167
00:11:41,068 --> 00:11:43,070
AND BURN THE CAMPS
TO THE GROUND.
168
00:11:43,103 --> 00:11:52,312
*
169
00:11:52,345 --> 00:11:58,085
WHEN IT'S ALL OVER, 54 VETERANS
ARE INJURED AND 135 ARRESTED.
170
00:12:02,189 --> 00:12:04,357
THE BONUS ARMY DISBANDS.
171
00:12:07,394 --> 00:12:11,999
BY 1932, AMERICANS
ARE INCREASINGLY DESPERATE,
172
00:12:12,032 --> 00:12:14,868
AND IT'S AN ELECTION YEAR.
173
00:12:14,902 --> 00:12:17,170
THE DEMOCRATS CHOOSE
AS THEIR CANDIDATE
174
00:12:17,204 --> 00:12:20,407
NEW YORK GOVERNOR
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT.
175
00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:23,410
Roosevelt: I EMPHASIZE TO YOU
176
00:12:23,443 --> 00:12:26,980
THAT THE DEEP QUESTION
IN THIS CAMPAIGN
177
00:12:27,014 --> 00:12:30,884
IS ONE OF CONFIDENCE
IN LEADERSHIP,
178
00:12:30,918 --> 00:12:32,986
CONFIDENCE IN LEADERS.
179
00:12:33,020 --> 00:12:36,189
[APPLAUSE]
180
00:12:36,223 --> 00:12:38,325
Narrator: FDR OFFERS A PLAN.
181
00:12:38,358 --> 00:12:41,394
THE GOVERNMENT WILL PROVIDE WORK
FOR AMERICANS.
182
00:12:41,428 --> 00:12:43,463
HE CALLS IT THE NEW DEAL.
183
00:12:43,496 --> 00:12:47,134
IT'S A STARK CONTRAST
TO HOOVER'S HANDS-OFF POLICY.
184
00:12:47,167 --> 00:12:51,438
Hoover: THIS CAMPAIGN IS MORE
THAN A CONTEST BETWEEN TWO MEN.
185
00:12:51,471 --> 00:12:54,808
IT IS MORE THAN
A CONTEST BETWEEN TWO PARTIES.
186
00:12:54,842 --> 00:12:59,012
IT IS A CONTEST BETWEEN
TWO PHILOSOPHIES OF GOVERNMENT.
187
00:13:02,049 --> 00:13:07,054
Narrator: PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS
ARE NOW FEATURED ON NEWSREELS.
188
00:13:07,087 --> 00:13:10,557
A NATIONAL LEADER'S IMAGE IS
MORE IMPORTANT THAN EVER BEFORE.
189
00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:15,863
*
190
00:13:15,896 --> 00:13:20,200
ROOSEVELT APPEARS TO BE
AN ENERGETIC CANDIDATE,
191
00:13:20,233 --> 00:13:23,436
BUT ACTUALLY
HE HAS SOMETHING TO HIDE.
192
00:13:23,470 --> 00:13:30,310
*
193
00:13:30,343 --> 00:13:33,113
11 YEARS EARLIER,
AT THE AGE OF 39,
194
00:13:33,146 --> 00:13:35,148
ROOSEVELT CONTRACTED POLIO,
195
00:13:35,182 --> 00:13:38,218
WHICH LEFT HIS LEGS
PARTIALLY PARALYZED.
196
00:13:38,251 --> 00:13:43,223
*
197
00:13:43,256 --> 00:13:45,225
HE FEARS PEOPLE
WON'T VOTE FOR HIM
198
00:13:45,258 --> 00:13:47,895
IF THEY KNOW THE TRUTH
ABOUT HIS CONDITION.
199
00:13:51,198 --> 00:13:54,267
[APPLAUSE]
200
00:13:54,301 --> 00:13:56,536
AT GRIFFITH STADIUM
IN WASHINGTON, D.C.,
201
00:13:56,569 --> 00:14:00,207
SENATORS PITCHER JIMMIE DeSHONG
CAPTURES THIS VERY RARE FOOTAGE
202
00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:03,276
OF FDR WALKING
WITH HIS LEG BRACES.
203
00:14:03,310 --> 00:14:17,090
*
204
00:14:17,124 --> 00:14:20,460
ULTIMATELY, FDR COMES
TO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE PRESS--
205
00:14:20,493 --> 00:14:27,334
NO PHOTOS OF HIM WALKING
OR GETTING IN AND OUT OF CARS.
206
00:14:27,367 --> 00:14:29,402
THIS FOOTAGE
SHOWS THE SECURITY DETAIL
207
00:14:29,436 --> 00:14:31,471
SIGNALING FOR THE CAMERAS TO CUT
208
00:14:31,504 --> 00:14:36,109
AS FDR PREPARES
TO LEAVE HIS CAR.
209
00:14:36,143 --> 00:14:41,148
ON NOVEMBER 8, 1932,
ROOSEVELT TRIUMPHS.
210
00:14:41,181 --> 00:14:47,587
Roosevelt: IT LOOKS, MY FRIENDS,
LIKE A REAL LANDSLIDE THIS TIME.
211
00:14:47,620 --> 00:14:51,191
Narrator: HE WINS WITH NEARLY
90% OF THE ELECTORAL VOTE,
212
00:14:51,224 --> 00:14:56,196
THE HIGHEST MARGIN TO DATE
FOR A DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE.
213
00:14:56,229 --> 00:14:58,165
BUT BEFORE HE CAN EVEN START,
214
00:14:58,198 --> 00:15:01,268
HE'S ALMOST STOPPED DEAD
IN HIS TRACKS.
215
00:15:01,301 --> 00:15:03,003
[GUNSHOTS]
216
00:15:03,036 --> 00:15:05,038
[SCREAMING]
217
00:15:05,072 --> 00:15:09,642
*
218
00:15:09,676 --> 00:15:12,545
IT'S FEBRUARY 1933.
219
00:15:12,579 --> 00:15:15,715
PRESIDENT-ELECT ROOSEVELT
IS IN FLORIDA.
220
00:15:15,748 --> 00:15:18,085
Roosevelt:
THIS IS ANOTHER PARTIAL REUNION
221
00:15:18,118 --> 00:15:20,087
OF THE ROOSEVELT FAMILY
222
00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:27,027
BEFORE WE MEN GO OFF ON A CRUISE
UP THE COAST STARTING TOMORROW.
223
00:15:27,060 --> 00:15:28,295
Narrator:
HE'S ON A BRIEF VACATION
224
00:15:28,328 --> 00:15:31,264
BEFORE HIS MARCH INAUGURATION.
225
00:15:31,298 --> 00:15:36,203
[APPLAUSE]
226
00:15:36,236 --> 00:15:38,638
HE STOPS AT BAYFRONT PARK,
MIAMI,
227
00:15:38,671 --> 00:15:42,209
TO MAKE AN IMPROMPTU SPEECH
FROM THE BACK OF HIS CAR.
228
00:15:42,242 --> 00:15:46,213
Roosevelt:
MR. MAYOR, MY FRIENDS OF MIAMI,
229
00:15:46,246 --> 00:15:49,316
I HAVEN'T BEEN HERE
FOR SEVEN YEARS,
230
00:15:49,349 --> 00:15:51,118
BUT ON MY COMING BACK,
231
00:15:51,151 --> 00:15:54,421
I HAVE FIRMLY RESOLVED
NOT TO MAKE IT THE LAST TIME.
232
00:15:54,454 --> 00:15:57,324
[APPLAUSE]
233
00:15:57,357 --> 00:16:00,260
Narrator: SUDDENLY, A MAN
STEPS FORWARD POINTING A GUN.
234
00:16:00,293 --> 00:16:02,229
[GUNSHOTS]
235
00:16:02,262 --> 00:16:03,430
[SCREAMING]
236
00:16:03,463 --> 00:16:04,631
Announcer:
THE STARTLED ONLOOKERS
237
00:16:04,664 --> 00:16:06,633
SUDDENLY REALIZE
WHAT HAS HAPPENED.
238
00:16:06,666 --> 00:16:08,568
PANDEMONIUM REIGNS.
239
00:16:08,601 --> 00:16:12,472
[SHOUTING]
240
00:16:12,505 --> 00:16:16,676
Narrator: NEXT TO ROOSEVELT
IS CHICAGO MAYOR ANTON CERMAK.
241
00:16:16,709 --> 00:16:21,448
HE TAKES A BULLET MEANT FOR FDR
AND LATER DIES.
242
00:16:21,481 --> 00:16:24,551
FOUR OTHERS ARE INJURED.
243
00:16:24,584 --> 00:16:26,286
Announcer: THEY'VE GOT HIM!
244
00:16:26,319 --> 00:16:28,155
THE SECRET SERVICE MEN LOAD HIM
ON THE REAR OF THE CAR
245
00:16:28,188 --> 00:16:30,490
AND HUSTLE HIM AWAY TO JAIL.
246
00:16:30,523 --> 00:16:32,792
Narrator:
ROOSEVELT ESCAPES UNSCATHED,
247
00:16:32,825 --> 00:16:35,295
THANKS TO AN UNLIKELY HERO.
248
00:16:35,328 --> 00:16:39,099
HOUSEWIFE LILLIAN CROSS
WAS STANDING NEXT TO THE GUNMAN.
249
00:16:39,132 --> 00:16:42,302
SHE SWATTED HIS FIRING ARM
WITH HER HANDBAG.
250
00:16:42,335 --> 00:16:44,304
Lillian Cross: I KNEW HE WAS
SHOOTING AT THE PRESIDENT,
251
00:16:44,337 --> 00:16:46,739
SO MY FIRST THOUGHT WAS
TO GET THE PISTOL UP IN THE AIR
252
00:16:46,773 --> 00:16:49,576
SO HE WOULDN'T HURT
ANY OF THE BYSTANDERS.
253
00:16:49,609 --> 00:16:52,279
Narrator:
THE GUNMAN, GIUSEPPE ZANGARA,
254
00:16:52,312 --> 00:16:56,149
HAD VOWED TO KILL
ALL CAPITALISTS.
255
00:16:56,183 --> 00:16:59,286
HE'S CONVICTED, SENTENCED,
AND FIVE WEEKS LATER,
256
00:16:59,319 --> 00:17:04,824
HE'S EXECUTED IN OLD SPARKY,
FLORIDA'S ELECTRIC CHAIR.
257
00:17:04,857 --> 00:17:15,202
*
258
00:17:15,235 --> 00:17:17,604
MARCH 4, 1933.
259
00:17:17,637 --> 00:17:19,272
HOOVER JOINS ROOSEVELT,
260
00:17:19,306 --> 00:17:22,209
AND THEY TRAVEL TOGETHER
TO THE INAUGURATION...
261
00:17:25,645 --> 00:17:28,715
...WHERE A CROWD
OF 250,000 GATHER.
262
00:17:33,320 --> 00:17:39,226
RADIO ANNOUNCER NORMAN SWEETSER
HAS A RINGSIDE SEAT.
263
00:17:39,259 --> 00:17:40,693
WITH HIS HOME MOVIE CAMERA,
264
00:17:40,727 --> 00:17:43,096
HE CAPTURES ONE
OF THE MOST ICONIC SPEECHES
265
00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:45,665
IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
266
00:17:45,698 --> 00:17:49,236
Roosevelt:
LET ME ASSERT MY FIRM BELIEF
267
00:17:49,269 --> 00:17:55,542
THAT THE ONLY THING
WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF.
268
00:17:55,575 --> 00:18:00,480
THIS NATION IS ASKING FOR ACTION
AND ACTION NOW.
269
00:18:03,283 --> 00:18:06,886
Narrator: THE PRESIDENT'S FIRST
ACTION IS TO SHORE UP THE BANKS.
270
00:18:06,919 --> 00:18:11,524
SOME 9,000 HAVE ALREADY FAILED.
THE REST ARE UNDER STRAIN.
271
00:18:15,295 --> 00:18:20,567
FDR ORDERS EVERY BANK IN THE
NATION TO CLOSE FOR FOUR DAYS.
272
00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:25,538
4,000 INSOLVENT ONES
NEVER REOPEN.
273
00:18:25,572 --> 00:18:27,307
IN AN UNPRECEDENTED MOVE,
274
00:18:27,340 --> 00:18:31,478
HE RESTOCKS THE REST
WITH NEWLY MINTED MONEY.
275
00:18:31,511 --> 00:18:37,650
THE GOVERNMENT IS INTERVENING IN
THE ECONOMY LIKE NEVER BEFORE.
276
00:18:37,684 --> 00:18:41,788
$2 BILLION IS PRINTED
AND SHIPPED OUT TO THE BANKS.
277
00:18:41,821 --> 00:18:47,360
*
278
00:18:47,394 --> 00:18:49,162
WITH CONFIDENCE RESTORED,
279
00:18:49,196 --> 00:18:52,665
THE BANKS REOPEN, AND PEOPLE
REDEPOSIT THEIR SAVINGS.
280
00:18:52,699 --> 00:18:56,236
THE BANK RUNS ARE OVER.
281
00:18:56,269 --> 00:18:57,704
BUT SOLVING THE BANKING CRISIS
282
00:18:57,737 --> 00:19:01,541
IS ONLY A FIRST STEP
IN REVIVING THE ECONOMY.
283
00:19:01,574 --> 00:19:04,944
12 MILLION AMERICANS
ARE STILL OUT OF A JOB.
284
00:19:04,977 --> 00:19:08,548
[TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWING]
285
00:19:08,581 --> 00:19:10,217
ILLUSTRATOR WALLACE KELLY
286
00:19:10,250 --> 00:19:14,287
HAS BEEN BADLY HURT
BY THE DEPRESSION.
287
00:19:14,321 --> 00:19:17,424
HE LOSES JOB AFTER JOB
AS COMPANIES GO BUST.
288
00:19:21,328 --> 00:19:22,729
FINALLY, HE LEAVES NEW YORK CITY
289
00:19:22,762 --> 00:19:28,335
AND GOES BACK HOME
TO LEBANON, KENTUCKY.
290
00:19:28,368 --> 00:19:30,337
WALLACE PUTS HIS DREAMS ON HOLD
291
00:19:30,370 --> 00:19:33,506
TO HELP HIS BROTHER OLIVER
RUN THE FAMILY-OWNED NEWSPAPER,
292
00:19:33,540 --> 00:19:35,608
THE LEBANON ENTERPRISE.
293
00:19:35,642 --> 00:19:40,413
*
294
00:19:40,447 --> 00:19:43,683
THIS SMALL-TOWN WEEKLY
BINDS THE COMMUNITY TOGETHER
295
00:19:43,716 --> 00:19:47,454
AND IS STILL PUBLISHED TODAY.
296
00:19:47,487 --> 00:19:50,657
WALLACE CAPTURES THIS INTIMATE
LOOK AT LIFE INSIDE THE PAPER
297
00:19:50,690 --> 00:19:52,792
IN THE 1930s.
298
00:19:52,825 --> 00:19:54,394
DESPITE HARD TIMES,
299
00:19:54,427 --> 00:19:57,297
PEOPLE CAN STILL FIND FIVE CENTS
FOR THE PAPER.
300
00:19:57,330 --> 00:20:07,574
*
301
00:20:07,607 --> 00:20:11,511
AND FDR WANTS TO ENSURE THEY
HAVE SOMETHING ELSE TO ENJOY--
302
00:20:11,544 --> 00:20:14,547
LIQUOR.
303
00:20:14,581 --> 00:20:16,649
IN DECEMBER 1933,
304
00:20:16,683 --> 00:20:23,356
HE ANNOUNCES THE REPEAL OF
THE 18th AMENDMENT--PROHIBITION.
305
00:20:23,390 --> 00:20:26,426
THIS IS THE FIRST LEGALLY
IMPORTED SHIPMENT OF ALCOHOL
306
00:20:26,459 --> 00:20:30,029
IN OVER 10 YEARS
ARRIVING AT THE NEW YORK DOCKS.
307
00:20:30,062 --> 00:20:33,600
AND IF EVER THE COUNTRY
NEEDED A DRINK, IT IS NOW.
308
00:20:38,004 --> 00:20:40,507
PROHIBITION,
WHICH BEGAN IN 1920,
309
00:20:40,540 --> 00:20:42,642
WAS INTENDED TO PURIFY SOCIETY.
310
00:20:42,675 --> 00:20:44,511
[GUNSHOTS]
311
00:20:44,544 --> 00:20:49,949
INSTEAD, IT SPAWNED CORRUPTION,
VIOLENCE, AND ORGANIZED CRIME.
312
00:20:49,982 --> 00:20:52,419
BY THE TIME
ROOSEVELT BECOMES PRESIDENT,
313
00:20:52,452 --> 00:20:55,755
HOMICIDE RATES
ARE AT AN ALL-TIME HIGH.
314
00:20:55,788 --> 00:20:58,458
THE PUBLIC HAS LITTLE FAITH
IN THE POLICE.
315
00:20:58,491 --> 00:21:01,628
ARMED VIGILANTES PATROL
THE STREETS OF NEW YORK.
316
00:21:01,661 --> 00:21:05,565
*
317
00:21:05,598 --> 00:21:06,566
[POLICE WHISTLE BLOWING]
318
00:21:06,599 --> 00:21:08,735
FDR NEEDS A SOLUTION.
319
00:21:11,904 --> 00:21:15,542
AND HE LOOKS TO A SMALL OUTPOST
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,
320
00:21:15,575 --> 00:21:16,876
THE FBI,
321
00:21:16,909 --> 00:21:19,679
AND ITS DIRECTOR,
J. EDGAR HOOVER.
322
00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:24,817
WITH LIMITED POWERS,
323
00:21:24,851 --> 00:21:28,888
THE BUREAU'S AGENTS
HAD LONG LABORED IN OBSCURITY.
324
00:21:28,921 --> 00:21:32,925
HOOVER TRANSFORMS THEM INTO
THE NATION'S TOP CRIME-FIGHTERS,
325
00:21:32,959 --> 00:21:37,096
WHO BRING IN THE GANGSTERS
DEAD OR ALIVE.
326
00:21:37,129 --> 00:21:39,699
Hoover: WE SHOULD ALL
BE CONCERNED WITH BUT ONE GOAL--
327
00:21:39,732 --> 00:21:41,768
THE ERADICATION OF CRIME.
328
00:21:41,801 --> 00:21:44,837
THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF
INVESTIGATION IS AS CLOSE TO YOU
329
00:21:44,871 --> 00:21:46,639
AS YOUR NEAREST TELEPHONE.
330
00:21:46,673 --> 00:21:48,040
IT SEEKS TO BE YOUR PROTECTOR
331
00:21:48,074 --> 00:21:52,111
IN ALL MATTERS
WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION.
332
00:21:52,144 --> 00:21:54,814
Narrator: HOOVER AND HIS
GOVERNMENT MEN, THE G-MEN,
333
00:21:54,847 --> 00:21:56,816
TAKE ON THE BANK ROBBERS
AND KILLERS,
334
00:21:56,849 --> 00:21:59,486
WHOM HE DUBS PUBLIC ENEMIES.
335
00:22:01,888 --> 00:22:06,092
AND PUBLIC ENEMY NUMBER ONE
IS JOHN DILLINGER.
336
00:22:06,125 --> 00:22:08,127
HE HAS A $10,000 BOUNTY
ON HIS HEAD
337
00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:12,899
FOR ROBBING 24 BANKS
AND 4 POLICE STATIONS.
338
00:22:12,932 --> 00:22:16,903
HE IS FILMED HERE IN
FEBRUARY 1934 AFTER HIS ARREST
339
00:22:16,936 --> 00:22:21,374
FOR THE MURDER OF POLICE OFFICER
WILLIAM O'MALLEY.
340
00:22:21,408 --> 00:22:23,810
ONE MONTH LATER,
IN CROWN POINT, INDIANA,
341
00:22:23,843 --> 00:22:27,747
DILLINGER BREAKS OUT OF JAIL.
342
00:22:27,780 --> 00:22:33,453
FINALLY, ON JULY 22, 1934,
THE FBI ACTS ON A TIP.
343
00:22:36,523 --> 00:22:39,659
AFTER WATCHING A MOVIE
AT CHICAGO'S BIOGRAPH THEATER,
344
00:22:39,692 --> 00:22:41,628
DILLINGER EMERGES,
345
00:22:41,661 --> 00:22:43,563
AND THE G-MEN SHOOT HIM DEAD.
346
00:22:43,596 --> 00:22:48,167
*
347
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:50,770
MACHINE GUN KELLY,
FROM MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE,
348
00:22:50,803 --> 00:22:53,873
IS RENOWNED
FOR HIS FAVORITE WEAPON--
349
00:22:53,906 --> 00:22:55,942
THE THOMPSON SUBMACHINE GUN.
350
00:22:58,945 --> 00:23:00,580
BUT BY USING
THE CUTTING-EDGE SCIENCE
351
00:23:00,613 --> 00:23:04,083
OF FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS,
THE FBI NAILS HIM.
352
00:23:05,718 --> 00:23:07,520
KELLY'S TRIAL
MARKS THE FIRST TIME
353
00:23:07,554 --> 00:23:10,022
CAMERAS ARE PERMITTED
IN THE COURTROOM.
354
00:23:10,056 --> 00:23:11,924
SENTENCED TO LIFE BEHIND BARS,
355
00:23:11,958 --> 00:23:15,895
HE BECOMES AN INMATE
AT A NEW PRISON.
356
00:23:15,928 --> 00:23:27,874
*
357
00:23:27,907 --> 00:23:29,208
PERCHED ON A ROCKY ISLAND
358
00:23:29,241 --> 00:23:30,843
SURROUNDED
BY THE DANGEROUS CURRENTS
359
00:23:30,877 --> 00:23:35,648
OF THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
ALCATRAZ OPENS IN 1934.
360
00:23:37,750 --> 00:23:39,652
IT CLAIMS TO BE ESCAPE-PROOF
361
00:23:39,686 --> 00:23:42,589
AND HOUSES THE VERY WORST
OF AMERICA'S CRIMINALS.
362
00:23:42,622 --> 00:23:47,126
*
363
00:23:47,159 --> 00:23:51,798
FDR'S TOUGH STAND ON CRIME
IS GETTING RESULTS.
364
00:23:51,831 --> 00:23:53,232
BY THE END OF THE DECADE,
365
00:23:53,265 --> 00:23:56,102
HOMICIDE RATES
WILL DROP BY A THIRD.
366
00:24:06,045 --> 00:24:07,547
ROOSEVELT
TRIES EVERYTHING HE CAN
367
00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:09,949
TO MAKE GOOD
ON HIS CAMPAIGN PROMISE
368
00:24:09,982 --> 00:24:12,218
OF WORK FOR THOSE WHO NEED IT.
369
00:24:12,251 --> 00:24:19,158
*
370
00:24:19,191 --> 00:24:23,496
HE FORMS THE CIVILIAN
CONSERVATION CORPS, THE CCC,
371
00:24:23,530 --> 00:24:26,799
AND OFFERS JOBS
TO 250,000 YOUNG MEN.
372
00:24:30,870 --> 00:24:35,174
THEY EARN 30 BUCKS A MONTH,
25 OF WHICH IS SENT BACK HOME.
373
00:24:39,946 --> 00:24:42,281
THEY RESHAPE
THE AMERICAN LANDSCAPE
374
00:24:42,314 --> 00:24:47,019
WITH NEW ROADS, 800 PARKS,
AND 3 BILLION TREES.
375
00:24:53,059 --> 00:24:55,562
ILLUSTRATOR WALLACE KELLY
IS NOW MARRIED
376
00:24:55,595 --> 00:24:57,597
AND STILL MAKING MOVIES.
377
00:24:57,630 --> 00:25:00,299
HE AND HIS WIFE MABEL
TAKE A ROAD TRIP.
378
00:25:00,332 --> 00:25:06,305
*
379
00:25:06,338 --> 00:25:08,941
THEY PASS THROUGH AMERICA'S
FIRST NATIONAL PARK,
380
00:25:08,975 --> 00:25:11,644
YELLOWSTONE,
381
00:25:11,678 --> 00:25:15,882
ITS ROADS AND CAMPSITES
ALL BUILT BY THE CCC.
382
00:25:15,915 --> 00:25:24,223
*
383
00:25:24,256 --> 00:25:25,792
IN SOUTH DAKOTA,
384
00:25:25,825 --> 00:25:28,294
THE KELLYS VISIT
THE UNFINISHED MOUNT RUSHMORE,
385
00:25:28,327 --> 00:25:30,863
12 YEARS INTO ITS CONSTRUCTION.
386
00:25:30,897 --> 00:25:41,173
*
387
00:25:41,207 --> 00:25:42,975
[EXPLOSION]
388
00:25:43,009 --> 00:25:46,312
IN 1935, ANOTHER NEW DEAL
PROJECT, THE GRAND COULEE DAM,
389
00:25:46,345 --> 00:25:48,881
IS THE BIGGEST BUILDING SITE
IN THE WORLD,
390
00:25:48,915 --> 00:25:51,283
EMPLOYING 11,000 MEN.
391
00:25:54,386 --> 00:25:56,088
IN WASHINGTON STATE,
392
00:25:56,122 --> 00:26:00,727
THEY EXCAVATE NEARLY 63 MILLION
TONS OF EARTH AND ROCK.
393
00:26:00,760 --> 00:26:04,030
A CONVEYOR BELT TWO MILES LONG
TRANSPORTS THE DEBRIS.
394
00:26:06,833 --> 00:26:09,802
AND SOME 24 MILLION TONS
OF CONCRETE
395
00:26:09,836 --> 00:26:13,139
POUR INTO THE COLUMBIA BASIN
TO DAM THE RIVER.
396
00:26:13,172 --> 00:26:20,847
*
397
00:26:20,880 --> 00:26:23,750
[BELL RINGING]
398
00:26:25,685 --> 00:26:30,790
GRAND COULEE
IS ROOSEVELT'S PET PROJECT.
399
00:26:30,823 --> 00:26:33,993
HE TOURS THE SITE
IN AN OPEN-TOP YELLOW LINCOLN.
400
00:26:34,026 --> 00:26:40,667
*
401
00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:44,170
BY 1935,
THE NEW DEAL IS DELIVERING.
402
00:26:44,203 --> 00:26:47,707
AMERICA IS GETTING BACK TO WORK.
403
00:26:47,740 --> 00:26:50,677
UNEMPLOYMENT HAS DROPPED
BY NEARLY 20%.
404
00:26:54,714 --> 00:26:56,683
FDR TAKES TO THE RADIO
405
00:26:56,716 --> 00:26:59,118
TO ASSURE AMERICANS
THE RECOVERY WILL CONTINUE.
406
00:26:59,151 --> 00:27:00,920
Roosevelt: ...ECONOMIC CALAMITY.
407
00:27:00,953 --> 00:27:05,191
WE HAVE IN THE DARKEST MOMENTS
OF OUR NATIONAL TRIALS
408
00:27:05,224 --> 00:27:10,863
RETAINED OUR FAITH
IN OUR OWN ABILITY
409
00:27:10,897 --> 00:27:15,001
TO MASTER OUR OWN DESTINY.
410
00:27:15,034 --> 00:27:16,903
FEAR IS VANISHING.
411
00:27:16,936 --> 00:27:20,339
CONFIDENCE IS GROWING
ON EVERY SIDE.
412
00:27:20,372 --> 00:27:21,340
Narrator:
BUT IN THE GREAT PLAINS
413
00:27:21,373 --> 00:27:24,310
OF THE AMERICAN HEARTLAND,
414
00:27:24,343 --> 00:27:26,713
PIONEER DREAMS
ARE TURNING TO DUST.
415
00:27:26,746 --> 00:27:35,154
*
416
00:27:35,187 --> 00:27:40,793
THE SKY OVER OKLAHOMA
IS A DARK SWIRL OF GRIT.
417
00:27:40,827 --> 00:27:44,230
A CURTAIN OF BLACK
TEARS THROUGH THE GREAT PLAINS.
418
00:27:47,499 --> 00:27:49,368
EVENTS FILMED IN BLACK AND WHITE
419
00:27:49,401 --> 00:27:53,305
ARE NOW SEEN FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN COLOR.
420
00:27:53,339 --> 00:27:55,908
[CHILD CRYING]
421
00:27:55,942 --> 00:27:57,243
[MOOING]
422
00:28:01,748 --> 00:28:06,285
FOLLOWING A DEVASTATING BLACK
BLIZZARD ON APRIL 14, 1935,
423
00:28:06,318 --> 00:28:09,021
KANSAS NEWS EDITOR
EDWARD STANLEY
424
00:28:09,055 --> 00:28:12,792
SAYS THE GREAT PLAINS
ARE NOW THE DUST BOWL.
425
00:28:12,825 --> 00:28:18,998
*
426
00:28:19,031 --> 00:28:21,400
A PERFECT STORM
OF FALLING GRAIN PRICES,
427
00:28:21,433 --> 00:28:23,803
OVERPLANTING, AND DROUGHT
428
00:28:23,836 --> 00:28:28,174
HAVE TURNED THE FIELDS
OF MID-AMERICA INTO DEAD LAND.
429
00:28:28,207 --> 00:28:35,114
*
430
00:28:35,147 --> 00:28:38,417
THE TOPSOIL HAS NO MOISTURE LEFT
TO HOLD IT TOGETHER.
431
00:28:38,450 --> 00:28:44,256
*
432
00:28:44,290 --> 00:28:48,961
BY 1935, 50 MILLION ACRES
OF FARMLAND ARE BARREN.
433
00:28:48,995 --> 00:28:52,965
*
434
00:28:52,999 --> 00:28:56,769
TUMBLEWEED ROLLS INTO FENCES,
AND THE DUST PILES ON,
435
00:28:56,803 --> 00:28:58,204
CREATING HUGE DRIFTS
436
00:28:58,237 --> 00:29:01,507
THAT LOOK MORE
LIKE THE SAHARA THAN OKLAHOMA.
437
00:29:01,540 --> 00:29:11,550
*
438
00:29:11,583 --> 00:29:17,389
*
439
00:29:17,423 --> 00:29:19,926
OVER THE DECADE,
3 1/2 MILLION AMERICANS
440
00:29:19,959 --> 00:29:23,495
ARE FORCED
TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES,
441
00:29:23,529 --> 00:29:26,432
IN AN EXODUS THAT WILL
INSPIRE STEINBECK'S NOVEL
442
00:29:26,465 --> 00:29:28,100
"THE GRAPES OF WRATH."
443
00:29:31,170 --> 00:29:34,340
IT IS THE LARGEST MIGRATION
IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
444
00:29:34,373 --> 00:29:40,579
*
445
00:29:40,612 --> 00:29:43,850
ALMOST A QUARTER OF A MILLION
HEAD OFF TO CALIFORNIA,
446
00:29:43,883 --> 00:29:46,118
AMERICA'S NEW LAND
OF OPPORTUNITY.
447
00:29:46,152 --> 00:29:51,590
[LAUGHTER]
448
00:29:51,623 --> 00:29:55,361
CALIFORNIA IS THE GOLDEN STATE,
449
00:29:55,394 --> 00:30:01,934
AND WITH 800 MILES OF COASTLINE,
THE ACTION IS AT THE BEACH.
450
00:30:01,968 --> 00:30:05,137
SUNBATHING IS A NEW TREND
IN THE 1930s.
451
00:30:05,171 --> 00:30:08,040
GONE IS THE QUEST
FOR PALE SKIN.
452
00:30:08,074 --> 00:30:11,010
NOW IT'S ALL ABOUT THE TAN.
453
00:30:11,043 --> 00:30:12,578
INVENTIVE SKIN TONE PRODUCTS
454
00:30:12,611 --> 00:30:15,447
INCLUDE SPRAY TANS
AND TANNING DRINKS.
455
00:30:18,650 --> 00:30:20,186
OUT ON THE WATER,
456
00:30:20,219 --> 00:30:23,923
HAWAIIAN DUKE KAHANAMOKU
IS RIDING HIS SURFBOARD.
457
00:30:27,393 --> 00:30:30,629
THE DUKE IS THE FATHER
OF MODERN SURFING,
458
00:30:30,662 --> 00:30:33,599
ENTICING YOUNG AMERICANS
TO BRAVE THE WAVES.
459
00:30:33,632 --> 00:30:44,443
*
460
00:30:44,476 --> 00:30:46,212
WEST OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA,
461
00:30:46,245 --> 00:30:49,481
IS A PREDOMINANTLY
AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEIGHBORHOOD.
462
00:30:52,551 --> 00:30:57,589
THIS IS THE HOME MOVIE FOOTAGE
OF ONE RESIDENT, ERNEST BEAN.
463
00:31:01,293 --> 00:31:04,063
THE BEANS ARE UNUSUAL
FOR THE TIME,
464
00:31:04,096 --> 00:31:06,598
A FAMILY MOVING UP
TO THE MIDDLE CLASS.
465
00:31:06,632 --> 00:31:11,938
ERNEST IS FORTUNATE.
HE HAS A STEADY JOB.
466
00:31:11,971 --> 00:31:13,305
DURING THE DEPRESSION,
467
00:31:13,339 --> 00:31:18,344
UNEMPLOYMENT FOR BLACKS
IS AT 50%,
468
00:31:18,377 --> 00:31:20,279
TWICE THE RATE OF WHITES.
469
00:31:23,049 --> 00:31:26,618
JIM CROW LAWS MEAN SEGREGATION
IS STILL WIDESPREAD.
470
00:31:29,688 --> 00:31:34,393
EVEN THE NEW DEAL DISCRIMINATES
AGAINST AFRICAN AMERICANS.
471
00:31:34,426 --> 00:31:37,596
WHITES GET THE PICK OF THE JOBS
AND A HIGHER WAGE.
472
00:31:38,497 --> 00:31:44,270
[TRAIN HORN BLARING]
473
00:31:44,303 --> 00:31:46,405
ONE PLACE BLACK MEN
ARE WELCOME TO WORK
474
00:31:46,438 --> 00:31:48,640
IS ON THE PULLMAN
SLEEPER TRAINS.
475
00:31:48,674 --> 00:31:55,314
*
476
00:31:55,347 --> 00:31:58,584
EACH LUXURY CAR IS STAFFED
BY UNIFORMED PORTERS.
477
00:31:58,617 --> 00:32:01,320
THE MAJORITY
ARE AFRICAN AMERICAN.
478
00:32:01,353 --> 00:32:07,326
*
479
00:32:07,359 --> 00:32:10,029
ERNEST BEAN
IS ONE OF THESE PORTERS.
480
00:32:12,498 --> 00:32:16,135
HIS JOB PROVIDES A STABLE INCOME
THROUGH THE DEPRESSION,
481
00:32:16,168 --> 00:32:18,170
BUT IT COMES AT A PRICE.
482
00:32:18,204 --> 00:32:20,973
BLACK JOURNALIST THOMAS FLEMING
OBSERVED,
483
00:32:21,007 --> 00:32:23,575
"A PORTER HAD
THE BEST JOB IN HIS COMMUNITY
484
00:32:23,609 --> 00:32:25,611
AND THE WORST ON THE TRAIN."
485
00:32:28,614 --> 00:32:30,216
ERNEST AND HIS COLLEAGUES
486
00:32:30,249 --> 00:32:32,751
FORM THE FIRST
AFRICAN-AMERICAN LABOR UNION,
487
00:32:32,784 --> 00:32:36,122
THE BROTHERHOOD
OF SLEEPING CAR PORTERS.
488
00:32:36,155 --> 00:32:42,161
THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
RECOGNIZES IT IN 1935.
489
00:32:42,194 --> 00:32:44,730
THE BROTHERHOOD GAINS BETTER PAY
AND WORKING CONDITIONS
490
00:32:44,763 --> 00:32:49,001
FOR 12,000 PORTERS
ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
491
00:32:49,035 --> 00:32:52,071
IN THE COMING DECADES, THE UNION
WILL PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE
492
00:32:52,104 --> 00:32:55,241
IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
493
00:32:55,274 --> 00:32:58,144
*
494
00:32:58,177 --> 00:33:01,047
[SHIP HORN BLOWS]
495
00:33:01,080 --> 00:33:02,414
[AIR HAMMER]
496
00:33:02,448 --> 00:33:05,117
ACROSS SAN FRANCISCO BAY
FROM OAKLAND,
497
00:33:05,151 --> 00:33:08,320
AN AMBITIOUS NEW DEAL PROJECT
IS UNDER WAY.
498
00:33:08,354 --> 00:33:10,022
THE GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE
IS SOON TO BE
499
00:33:10,056 --> 00:33:12,458
ONE OF THE WONDERS
OF THE MODERN WORLD.
500
00:33:12,491 --> 00:33:19,331
*
501
00:33:19,365 --> 00:33:21,533
WORK BEGINS IN 1933,
502
00:33:21,567 --> 00:33:24,770
AND BY 1936,
IS NEARING COMPLETION.
503
00:33:27,239 --> 00:33:30,376
THE PROJECT OFFERS GOOD PAY
AND A STEADY JOB,
504
00:33:30,409 --> 00:33:32,211
BUT NOT WITHOUT RISK.
505
00:33:36,548 --> 00:33:39,718
AS A RULE OF THUMB, CONSTRUCTION
COMPANIES EXPECT ONE DEATH
506
00:33:39,751 --> 00:33:42,521
FOR EVERY MILLION DOLLARS SPENT.
507
00:33:45,691 --> 00:33:48,327
THE BRIDGE COSTS 35 MILLION.
508
00:33:52,098 --> 00:33:56,735
DURING CONSTRUCTION,
30 WORKERS FALL,
509
00:33:56,768 --> 00:34:00,472
BUT 19 ARE SAVED BY A SAFETY NET
STRUNG UNDERNEATH.
510
00:34:05,411 --> 00:34:09,448
ARCHITECT IRVING MORROW
CHOOSES THE BRIDGE'S RICH COLOR,
511
00:34:09,481 --> 00:34:11,517
INTERNATIONAL ORANGE,
512
00:34:11,550 --> 00:34:15,121
WHICH HE FEELS BLENDS PERFECTLY
WITH THE LANDSCAPE.
513
00:34:15,154 --> 00:34:18,157
[HORNS HONKING]
514
00:34:18,190 --> 00:34:21,660
THE FIRST VEHICLES CROSS
ON MAY 28, 1937.
515
00:34:21,693 --> 00:34:24,563
[HONKING]
516
00:34:24,596 --> 00:34:28,867
AT THE TIME, IT'S THE WORLD'S
LONGEST SUSPENSION BRIDGE,
517
00:34:28,900 --> 00:34:33,139
A GOLDEN GATE
TO A BRIGHT AMERICAN FUTURE.
518
00:34:34,806 --> 00:34:39,645
[HORSES NEIGHING]
519
00:34:41,613 --> 00:34:46,852
A NEW FEELING OF OPTIMISM
IS BEGINNING TO GAIN MOMENTUM.
520
00:34:46,885 --> 00:34:52,858
IN NOVEMBER OF 1936,
FDR IS ELECTED TO A SECOND TERM.
521
00:34:52,891 --> 00:34:54,893
THE NEW DEAL
HAS PRODUCED RESULTS.
522
00:34:54,926 --> 00:34:56,462
Roosevelt:
PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES
523
00:34:56,495 --> 00:34:59,698
HAVE MADE IT CLEAR
THAT THEY EXPECT US
524
00:34:59,731 --> 00:35:03,435
TO CONTINUE OUR ACTIVE EFFORTS
525
00:35:03,469 --> 00:35:07,206
IN BEHALF
OF THEIR PEACEFUL ADVANCEMENT.
526
00:35:09,508 --> 00:35:15,281
Narrator: BUT ROOSEVELT IS ABOUT
TO THREATEN HIS OWN SUCCESS.
527
00:35:15,314 --> 00:35:19,785
*
528
00:35:19,818 --> 00:35:26,558
IN JANUARY 1937,
FDR BEGINS HIS SECOND TERM.
529
00:35:26,592 --> 00:35:29,295
THE NATION'S PRODUCTION,
PROFITS, AND WAGES
530
00:35:29,328 --> 00:35:32,798
ARE RISING BACK
TO PRE-CRASH LEVELS.
531
00:35:32,831 --> 00:35:37,703
UNEMPLOYMENT IS AT ITS LOWEST
SINCE HE TOOK OFFICE.
532
00:35:37,736 --> 00:35:40,539
THE COUNTRY IS COMING
BACK TO LIFE,
533
00:35:40,572 --> 00:35:44,743
BUT FDR CAN'T
TAKE ALL THE CREDIT.
534
00:35:44,776 --> 00:35:47,513
[APPLAUSE]
535
00:35:47,546 --> 00:35:51,450
THEY SAY BEHIND EVERY GREAT MAN
IS AN EVEN GREATER WOMAN.
536
00:35:51,483 --> 00:35:54,820
ROOSEVELT IS NO DIFFERENT.
537
00:35:54,853 --> 00:35:57,456
IN 1905, HE MARRIED
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT,
538
00:35:57,489 --> 00:35:59,291
A DISTANT COUSIN.
539
00:36:02,294 --> 00:36:07,299
NOW 32 YEARS LATER, THEY HAVE
5 CHILDREN AND 7 GRANDCHILDREN.
540
00:36:11,237 --> 00:36:17,643
ELEANOR IS VITAL TO FDR'S VISION
FOR AMERICA.
541
00:36:17,676 --> 00:36:22,214
SHE IS HIS EYES, EARS, AND LEGS
ON THE GROUND,
542
00:36:22,248 --> 00:36:24,316
TRANSFORMING
THE ROLE OF FIRST LADY
543
00:36:24,350 --> 00:36:27,253
FROM HOSTESS TO STATESWOMAN.
544
00:36:27,286 --> 00:36:32,758
*
545
00:36:32,791 --> 00:36:35,494
Eleanor Roosevelt:
I'M VERY GLAD TO BE BACK.
546
00:36:35,527 --> 00:36:38,897
UM, WE'VE HAD
A PERFECTLY DELIGHTFUL TRIP
547
00:36:38,930 --> 00:36:43,335
AND ENJOYED EVERY MINUTE OF IT.
548
00:36:43,369 --> 00:36:45,904
Narrator: SHE FIGHTS
FOR THE OPPRESSED AND FORGOTTEN.
549
00:36:45,937 --> 00:36:48,507
AFTER EXTENSIVE LOBBYING
BY ELEANOR,
550
00:36:48,540 --> 00:36:52,911
FDR SETS UP THE NATIONAL
YOUTH ADMINISTRATION.
551
00:36:52,944 --> 00:36:55,714
Eleanor Roosevelt:
THOSE WHO ARE NOT EMPLOYED
552
00:36:55,747 --> 00:37:00,752
WILL NEED MORE
THAN THEY HAVE NEEDED BEFORE.
553
00:37:00,786 --> 00:37:05,257
THEIR HOPE HAS COMPLETELY GONE.
554
00:37:05,291 --> 00:37:07,659
Narrator: THE NEW AGENCY
HELPS AMERICAN BOYS AND GIRLS
555
00:37:07,693 --> 00:37:12,598
STAY IN SCHOOL
AND GET VOCATIONAL TRAINING.
556
00:37:12,631 --> 00:37:15,401
AND THANKS TO ELEANOR,
IT INCLUDES AFRICAN AMERICANS,
557
00:37:15,434 --> 00:37:18,504
WHO HAVE BEEN FAILED
BY THE NEW DEAL.
558
00:37:18,537 --> 00:37:22,474
HER ACTIVISM DOESN'T STOP THERE.
559
00:37:22,508 --> 00:37:24,576
AN ARDENT SUPPORTER
OF WOMEN'S RIGHTS,
560
00:37:24,610 --> 00:37:28,447
SHE CHAMPIONS
PILOT AMELIA EARHART,
561
00:37:28,480 --> 00:37:31,717
WHO, IN 1932,
BECAME THE FIRST FEMALE PILOT
562
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:35,854
TO FLY SOLO
ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
563
00:37:35,887 --> 00:37:38,424
Amelia Earhart: IT'S MUCH EASIER
TO FLY THE ATLANTIC OCEAN NOW
564
00:37:38,457 --> 00:37:41,360
THAN IT WAS A FEW YEARS AGO.
565
00:37:41,393 --> 00:37:46,665
I EXPECT TO BE ABLE TO DO IT
IN MY LIFETIME AGAIN.
566
00:37:46,698 --> 00:37:48,800
Narrator: NOW, IN 1937,
567
00:37:48,834 --> 00:37:51,002
SHE'S PLANNING
TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE GLOBE
568
00:37:51,036 --> 00:37:56,308
IN HER LOCKHEED
MODEL 10 ELECTRA.
569
00:37:56,342 --> 00:37:58,510
AL BRESNIK IS THERE
TO CAPTURE THE MOMENT
570
00:37:58,544 --> 00:38:03,649
IN A PHOTOSHOOT AT
BURBANK AIRPORT IN CALIFORNIA.
571
00:38:03,682 --> 00:38:06,885
BRESNIK HAS BEEN EARHART'S
PHOTOGRAPHER FOR FIVE YEARS.
572
00:38:10,922 --> 00:38:12,424
HIS BROTHER JOHN FILMED
573
00:38:12,458 --> 00:38:15,394
THIS RECENTLY DISCOVERED
HOME MOVIE FOOTAGE.
574
00:38:18,464 --> 00:38:19,465
[SHUTTER CLICKS]
575
00:38:24,503 --> 00:38:25,904
[SHUTTER CLICKS]
576
00:38:29,441 --> 00:38:32,711
HERE, WE SEE A CAREFREE
39-YEAR-OLD EARHART
577
00:38:32,744 --> 00:38:35,447
JUST BEFORE
HER JUNE 1st DEPARTURE.
578
00:38:42,421 --> 00:38:44,756
BUT ON JULY 2nd,
579
00:38:44,790 --> 00:38:49,127
IT'S HEADLINE NEWS
AROUND THE WORLD.
580
00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:53,064
AMELIA EARHART'S PLANE
HAS DISAPPEARED.
581
00:38:53,098 --> 00:38:55,867
THE PLANE IS NEVER FOUND,
582
00:38:55,901 --> 00:38:59,471
ITS FATE A MYSTERY
DEBATED TO THIS DAY.
583
00:39:01,940 --> 00:39:03,475
BUT AMERICA'S LOVE AFFAIR
584
00:39:03,509 --> 00:39:06,545
WITH PLANES AND RECORD-BREAKING
DOESN'T STOP.
585
00:39:10,549 --> 00:39:12,684
A YEAR AFTER EARHART DISAPPEARS,
586
00:39:12,718 --> 00:39:14,886
MILLIONAIRE PLAYBOY
HOWARD HUGHES
587
00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:18,524
IS ABOUT TO ATTEMPT
THE FEAT THAT KILLED HER,
588
00:39:18,557 --> 00:39:20,992
AROUND-THE-WORLD FLIGHT.
589
00:39:21,026 --> 00:39:25,931
HIS SILVER TWIN ENGINE PLANE
COST HIM $200,000 TO BUILD.
590
00:39:25,964 --> 00:39:28,500
ON BOARD AT FLOYD BENNETT FIELD
IN NEW YORK,
591
00:39:28,534 --> 00:39:31,403
A TRUSTY CREW OF FOUR.
592
00:39:31,437 --> 00:39:32,971
Howard Hughes: I'VE BEEN
IN A RUSH TO GET AWAY FROM HERE,
593
00:39:33,004 --> 00:39:34,540
I HOPE YOU'LL FORGIVE ME.
594
00:39:34,573 --> 00:39:36,408
Announcer: OH, YOU BET.
595
00:39:36,442 --> 00:39:43,114
*
596
00:39:43,148 --> 00:39:46,718
Narrator: HE LANDS IN PARIS
AFTER 16 HOURS 38 MINUTES,
597
00:39:46,752 --> 00:39:48,520
A RECORD-BREAKING TIME.
598
00:39:48,554 --> 00:39:53,124
*
599
00:39:53,158 --> 00:39:55,461
BUT HE HASN'T FINISHED.
600
00:39:55,494 --> 00:39:58,630
MOSCOW...SIBERIA...
601
00:40:00,799 --> 00:40:03,669
ALL THE WAY AROUND THE GLOBE
TO LAND BACK IN NEW YORK
602
00:40:03,702 --> 00:40:08,206
IN JUST 3 DAYS, 19 HOURS,
8 MINUTES, AND 10 SECONDS,
603
00:40:08,239 --> 00:40:10,709
SLASHING THE PREVIOUS RECORD
IN HALF.
604
00:40:10,742 --> 00:40:17,616
*
605
00:40:17,649 --> 00:40:22,153
HOWARD HUGHES' SUCCESS IS
JUST THE NEWS THE NATION NEEDS.
606
00:40:22,187 --> 00:40:25,991
[WHISTLE BLOWS]
607
00:40:26,024 --> 00:40:31,029
IN 1937, AMERICA'S RECOVERY
IS DEALT A BLOW.
608
00:40:31,062 --> 00:40:33,999
FDR, BELIEVING THAT
HIS BOLD GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
609
00:40:34,032 --> 00:40:39,971
HAVE NOW ACHIEVED
WHAT WAS NEEDED, CHANGES COURSE.
610
00:40:40,005 --> 00:40:43,742
HE CUTS BACK FEDERAL SPENDING.
611
00:40:43,775 --> 00:40:48,947
THE ECONOMY SOON FALTERS, AND
THE COUNTRY BEGINS TO STRUGGLE.
612
00:40:48,980 --> 00:40:54,720
THE YEAR BECOMES KNOWN
AS ROOSEVELT'S RECESSION.
613
00:40:54,753 --> 00:40:56,254
Man: FELLOW WORKERS,
614
00:40:56,287 --> 00:40:59,825
WE WANT PEACE AND PROSPERITY
IN THIS COUNTRY HERE.
615
00:40:59,858 --> 00:41:01,126
THAT'S WHAT WE'RE FIGHTING FOR,
616
00:41:01,159 --> 00:41:04,496
AND THAT'S WHAT
WE'RE GONNA HAVE!
617
00:41:04,530 --> 00:41:06,965
Narrator: FOUR MILLION PEOPLE
LOSE THEIR JOBS.
618
00:41:10,301 --> 00:41:12,904
STRIKES BREAK OUT
ALL OVER THE COUNTRY.
619
00:41:12,938 --> 00:41:17,943
*
620
00:41:17,976 --> 00:41:20,245
FDR QUICKLY TAKES ACTION.
621
00:41:20,278 --> 00:41:25,851
*
622
00:41:25,884 --> 00:41:27,285
HE BOOSTS GOVERNMENT SPENDING
623
00:41:27,318 --> 00:41:30,188
AND DELIVERS
A LANDMARK LABOR LAW.
624
00:41:30,221 --> 00:41:35,894
*
625
00:41:35,927 --> 00:41:41,967
IN JUNE 1938, THE MINIMUM
HOURLY WAGE IS SET AT 25 CENTS,
626
00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:46,972
THE WORKING WEEK
A MAXIMUM OF 44 HOURS.
627
00:41:47,005 --> 00:41:53,044
AND SOON BOTH EMPLOYMENT
AND PRODUCTION HAVE RECOVERED.
628
00:41:53,078 --> 00:41:55,681
AFTER ALMOST A DECADE
OF LIFE ON THE BRINK,
629
00:41:55,714 --> 00:41:57,916
PEOPLE START TO BREATHE EASIER.
630
00:42:00,886 --> 00:42:04,956
BUT THE NATION'S FEAR OF ANOTHER
CALAMITY IS NEVER FAR AWAY.
631
00:42:09,094 --> 00:42:11,730
ON OCTOBER 30, 1938,
632
00:42:11,763 --> 00:42:14,332
RADIO LISTENERS
TUNING INTO THE CBS NETWORK
633
00:42:14,365 --> 00:42:18,269
ARE IN FOR A SHOCK.
634
00:42:18,303 --> 00:42:19,805
Announcer: LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
635
00:42:19,838 --> 00:42:21,573
WE INTERRUPT
OUR PROGRAM OF DANCE MUSIC
636
00:42:21,607 --> 00:42:22,908
TO BRING YOU
A SPECIAL BULLETIN
637
00:42:22,941 --> 00:42:24,743
FROM THE INTERCONTINENTAL
RADIO NEWS.
638
00:42:24,776 --> 00:42:26,311
IT IS REPORTED
THAT AT 8:50 P.M.,
639
00:42:26,344 --> 00:42:27,913
A HUGE FLAMING OBJECT,
640
00:42:27,946 --> 00:42:30,215
BELIEVED TO BE A METEORITE,
FELL ON A FARM
641
00:42:30,248 --> 00:42:32,083
IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD
OF GROVER'S MILL, NEW JERSEY,
642
00:42:32,117 --> 00:42:33,919
22 MILES FROM TRENTON.
643
00:42:33,952 --> 00:42:36,321
Narrator: LISTENING INTENTLY,
THE AUDIENCE IS TRANSFIXED
644
00:42:36,354 --> 00:42:39,591
BY A TERRIFYING REPORT
FROM THE SCENE.
645
00:42:39,625 --> 00:42:41,092
Man on radio:
I CAN SEE THE OBJECT ITSELF.
646
00:42:41,126 --> 00:42:43,261
DOESN'T LOOK VERY MUCH
LIKE A METEOR.
647
00:42:43,294 --> 00:42:44,930
THE TOP IS BEGINNING
TO ROTATE LIKE A SCREW,
648
00:42:44,963 --> 00:42:46,932
AND THE THING MUST BE HOLLOW.
649
00:42:46,965 --> 00:42:48,299
Man: IT'S MOVING!
KEEP BACK THERE!
650
00:42:48,333 --> 00:42:49,868
KEEP BACK, I TELL YA!
651
00:42:49,901 --> 00:42:53,104
Narrator: IT SOUNDS LIKE AMERICA
IS UNDER ATTACK.
652
00:42:53,138 --> 00:42:56,107
[MAN SCREAMING]
653
00:42:56,141 --> 00:42:57,876
Announcer: WE ARE BRINGING YOU
AN EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT
654
00:42:57,909 --> 00:42:59,711
OF WHAT'S HAPPENING
ON THE WILMUTH FARM,
655
00:42:59,745 --> 00:43:01,680
GROVER'S MILL, NEW JERSEY.
656
00:43:01,713 --> 00:43:03,815
Narrator: IN OCTOBER 1938,
657
00:43:03,849 --> 00:43:08,854
AN ESTIMATED 6 MILLION AMERICANS
ARE TUNED INTO CBS RADIO.
658
00:43:08,887 --> 00:43:10,722
Man on radio:
SOMETHING'S HAPPENING!
659
00:43:10,756 --> 00:43:13,224
Narrator: THE CONSTANT
NEWS FLASHES ARE ALARMING.
660
00:43:13,258 --> 00:43:15,093
Man on radio: EYES ARE BLACK,
AND THEY GLEAM LIKE A SERPENT.
661
00:43:15,126 --> 00:43:17,095
THE MOUTH IS,
IT'S KIND OF V-SHAPED
662
00:43:17,128 --> 00:43:19,064
WITH SALIVA DRIPPING
FROM ITS RIMLESS LIPS
663
00:43:19,097 --> 00:43:21,933
THAT SEEM
TO QUIVER AND PULSATE.
664
00:43:21,967 --> 00:43:24,302
Narrator:
THE AUDIENCE IS TERRIFIED.
665
00:43:24,335 --> 00:43:25,303
Man on radio:
THERE'S A JET OF FLAME
666
00:43:25,336 --> 00:43:26,872
SPRINGING FROM THE MIRROR,
667
00:43:26,905 --> 00:43:29,207
AND IT LEAPS
RIGHT AT THE ADVANCING MEN.
668
00:43:29,240 --> 00:43:31,009
IT STRIKES THEM HEAD-ON!
669
00:43:31,042 --> 00:43:32,043
GOOD LORD,
THEY'RE TURNING INTO FLAME!
670
00:43:32,077 --> 00:43:35,881
[MAN SCREAMING]
671
00:43:35,914 --> 00:43:38,717
Narrator: LISTENERS PHONE
THE POLICE AND RADIO STATIONS.
672
00:43:38,750 --> 00:43:41,252
THEY BOMBARD
THE CBS SWITCHBOARD.
673
00:43:41,286 --> 00:43:44,122
THEY HAVE NO IDEA
THAT THIS IS ACTUALLY A PLAY
674
00:43:44,155 --> 00:43:47,125
DIRECTED BY 23-YEAR-OLD
ORSON WELLES
675
00:43:47,158 --> 00:43:48,894
WITH HIS MERCURY THEATRE.
676
00:43:48,927 --> 00:43:50,762
Man on radio: IT'S DEFINITELY
EXTRATERRESTRIAL,
677
00:43:50,796 --> 00:43:52,330
NOT FOUND ON THIS EARTH.
678
00:43:52,363 --> 00:43:54,900
Narrator: THE PLAY
IS "THE WAR OF THE WORLDS,"
679
00:43:54,933 --> 00:43:58,837
A SCI-FI CLASSIC
THAT SOUNDS FRIGHTENINGLY REAL.
680
00:43:58,870 --> 00:44:01,740
THE PRESS PICKS UP THE STORY,
AND THE FOLLOWING MORNING,
681
00:44:01,773 --> 00:44:04,309
WELLES FACES QUESTIONS
FROM REPORTERS.
682
00:44:04,342 --> 00:44:06,011
Orson Welles:
I'M EXTREMELY SURPRISED TO LEARN
683
00:44:06,044 --> 00:44:09,214
THAT A STORY WHICH HAS
BECOME FAMILIAR TO CHILDREN
684
00:44:09,247 --> 00:44:11,416
THROUGH THE MEDIUM
OF COMIC STRIPS
685
00:44:11,449 --> 00:44:18,423
AND, UH, MANY SUCCEEDING
NOVELS AND ADVENTURE STORIES
686
00:44:18,456 --> 00:44:22,861
SHOULD HAVE HAD SUCH
AN IMMEDIATE AND PROFOUND EFFECT
687
00:44:22,894 --> 00:44:25,430
UPON RADIO LISTENERS.
688
00:44:25,463 --> 00:44:27,365
Narrator: WHILE ORSON WELLES
TERRIFIES LISTENERS
689
00:44:27,398 --> 00:44:30,235
THROUGH THE POWER OF WORDS,
690
00:44:30,268 --> 00:44:33,772
IN LOS ANGELES, FILMMAKERS
ARE PREPARING TO USE IMAGES
691
00:44:33,805 --> 00:44:36,141
TO CREATE
AN ENCHANTING NEW WORLD.
692
00:44:36,174 --> 00:44:43,181
*
693
00:44:43,514 --> 00:44:47,485
IN OCTOBER 1938,
AT THE MGM STUDIOS,
694
00:44:47,518 --> 00:44:49,020
SHOOTING STARTS ON A PROJECT
695
00:44:49,054 --> 00:44:51,289
THAT WILL REVOLUTIONIZE
THE MOVIES.
696
00:44:51,322 --> 00:44:56,962
*
697
00:44:56,995 --> 00:44:59,264
IT'S ONE OF THE FIRST
MAINSTREAM HOLLYWOOD MOVIES
698
00:44:59,297 --> 00:45:02,934
SHOT IN TECHNICOLOR.
699
00:45:02,968 --> 00:45:06,471
ITS TITLE--
THE WIZARD OF OZ.
700
00:45:06,504 --> 00:45:12,744
*
701
00:45:12,778 --> 00:45:17,949
THE COSTLY TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN
AVAILABLE FOR OVER A DECADE,
702
00:45:17,983 --> 00:45:19,450
BUT DUE TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION,
703
00:45:19,484 --> 00:45:22,253
IT IS ONLY
COMMERCIALLY VIABLE NOW.
704
00:45:22,287 --> 00:45:27,225
*
705
00:45:27,258 --> 00:45:29,895
THIS RARE BEHIND-THE-SCENES
HOME MOVIE FOOTAGE
706
00:45:29,928 --> 00:45:34,265
SHOT BY COMPOSER HAROLD ARLEN
SHOWS THE STARS ON THE SET.
707
00:45:34,299 --> 00:45:40,305
*
708
00:45:40,338 --> 00:45:52,083
*
709
00:45:52,117 --> 00:45:54,085
PLAYING THE MAIN CHARACTER
DOROTHY GALE--
710
00:45:54,119 --> 00:45:57,522
THE LEGENDARY JUDY GARLAND.
711
00:45:57,555 --> 00:45:59,057
PORTRAYING A 12-YEAR-OLD,
712
00:45:59,090 --> 00:46:02,127
SHE IS, IN FACT,
16 AT THE TIME OF FILMING.
713
00:46:05,496 --> 00:46:07,799
ORIGINALLY SET TO WEAR
A BLOND WIG,
714
00:46:07,833 --> 00:46:09,134
GARLAND'S MORE NATURAL LOOK
715
00:46:09,167 --> 00:46:11,970
IS DECIDED UPON
ONCE FILMING STARTS.
716
00:46:16,041 --> 00:46:19,978
HER CO-STAR BERT LAHR WEARS
A COSTUME MADE OF REAL LION FUR,
717
00:46:20,011 --> 00:46:22,513
WEIGHING OVER 100 POUNDS.
718
00:46:25,516 --> 00:46:28,019
HE LATER SAYS,
"AFTER THE WIZARD OF OZ,
719
00:46:28,053 --> 00:46:30,321
I WAS TYPECAST AS A LION,
720
00:46:30,355 --> 00:46:34,860
AND THERE AREN'T
ALL THAT MANY PARTS FOR LIONS."
721
00:46:34,893 --> 00:46:38,529
AT THE NEW YORK PREMIERE
ON AUGUST 17, 1939,
722
00:46:38,563 --> 00:46:42,100
JUDY GARLAND IS ACCOMPANIED
BY BOYFRIEND MICKEY ROONEY.
723
00:46:42,133 --> 00:46:47,438
*
724
00:46:47,472 --> 00:46:51,910
15,000 STRAIN TO GET A GLIMPSE
OF THE HOLLYWOOD STARS.
725
00:46:51,943 --> 00:46:56,848
*
726
00:46:56,882 --> 00:46:59,217
AUDIENCES PACK THE THEATERS,
727
00:46:59,250 --> 00:47:03,554
BUT THE HIGH COST OF TECHNICOLOR
LEAVES MGM JUST BREAKING EVEN.
728
00:47:07,458 --> 00:47:10,361
THIS STORY OF A GIRL'S TRIUMPH
OVER ADVERSITY
729
00:47:10,395 --> 00:47:13,899
IS REMINISCENT OF AMERICA
AT THE END OF THE DECADE.
730
00:47:13,932 --> 00:47:18,303
*
731
00:47:18,336 --> 00:47:20,005
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT,
732
00:47:20,038 --> 00:47:23,641
BY MARSHALING THE UNTAPPED
POWERS OF GOVERNMENT,
733
00:47:23,674 --> 00:47:29,180
HAS PULLED AMERICA
OUT OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION.
734
00:47:29,214 --> 00:47:32,483
THE COUNTRY, PUSHED TO
ITS ECONOMIC AND PHYSICAL LIMIT,
735
00:47:32,517 --> 00:47:35,220
HAS SUFFERED AND SURVIVED.
736
00:47:35,253 --> 00:47:36,421
[EXPLOSION]
737
00:47:40,491 --> 00:47:44,062
THE 1930s IS PART
OF OUR AMERICAN STORY...
738
00:47:44,095 --> 00:47:49,935
*
739
00:47:49,968 --> 00:47:53,204
...THE ECONOMY, THE LAND,
AND THE PEOPLE
740
00:47:53,238 --> 00:47:56,474
OVERCOMING ADVERSITY
TO MAKE A BETTER LIFE.
741
00:47:56,507 --> 00:48:02,247
*
55360
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