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THE WITCH
�1 922 AB Svensk FiImindustri
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00:00:20,086 --> 00:00:22,077
A presentation from a cuIturaI
and historicaI point of view
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00:00:22,222 --> 00:00:25,851
in 7 chapters of moving pictures.
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00:00:29,529 --> 00:00:33,124
BENJAMIN CHRISTENSEN wrote the
script and produced this fiIm
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00:00:33,266 --> 00:00:38,533
between the years
of 1 91 9 and 1 921 .
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00:00:38,671 --> 00:00:41,196
For the photography I am gratefuI
to Mr. Johan Ankerstjerne
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00:00:41,341 --> 00:00:47,041
and to Mr. Richard Louw
for the art direction.
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00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:51,947
My main sources are mentioned
in the theatre's pIaybiII.
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00:00:52,252 --> 00:00:56,882
Let us Iook into the history
of mysticism and try to expIain
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00:00:57,023 --> 00:01:01,960
the mysterious chapter
known as the Witch.
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00:01:10,904 --> 00:01:14,931
The beIief in sorcery
and witchcraft
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00:01:15,075 --> 00:01:19,341
is probabIy as oId as mankind.
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00:01:19,579 --> 00:01:23,777
When primitive man is confronted
with something incomprehensibIe,
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00:01:23,917 --> 00:01:29,856
the expIanation is aIways
sorcery and eviI spirits.
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00:01:30,056 --> 00:01:35,255
In Persia, the imaginary creatures
depicted in the foIIowing picture
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00:01:35,395 --> 00:01:40,332
were thus beIieved
to be the cause of diseases.
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00:01:52,045 --> 00:01:57,210
The EngIish scientist RawIinson
and French scientist Maspero
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00:01:57,350 --> 00:02:02,754
show us pictures of eviI spirits,
beIieved to have resided
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00:02:02,889 --> 00:02:06,655
amongst the first civiIizations.
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00:02:25,945 --> 00:02:29,938
The beIief in eviI spirits,
sorcery and witchcraft
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00:02:30,083 --> 00:02:33,814
is the resuIt of naive notions
about the mystery of the universe.
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00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:44,023
Here we see how the Egyptians
perceived the shape of the worId
24
00:02:44,164 --> 00:02:46,462
(according to Maspero).
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00:02:56,075 --> 00:02:59,841
The ancient Egyptians beIieved
that high mountains
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00:02:59,979 --> 00:03:03,506
surrounded Iand
and water on aII sides.
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00:03:06,519 --> 00:03:09,750
The sky was made of steeI
and supported by strong piIIars
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00:03:09,889 --> 00:03:12,323
that stood on the high mountains.
29
00:03:20,567 --> 00:03:25,231
The stars, Iike Iamps,
hung from the sky on ropes.
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00:03:30,243 --> 00:03:33,371
According to the beIiefs
of other ancient civiIizations,
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00:03:33,513 --> 00:03:37,176
the sky was vauIted and the earth
shaped into terraces.
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00:03:47,927 --> 00:03:51,294
The eviI spirits of ancient times
changed in the medievaI foIkIore
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00:03:51,431 --> 00:03:55,367
to deviIs, sneaking around
and tempting chiIdren.
34
00:04:17,290 --> 00:04:19,258
The deviIs Iived in the earth's core.
35
00:04:19,392 --> 00:04:22,054
In the Iatter part of the MiddIe
Ages the earth was considered
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00:04:22,195 --> 00:04:25,926
to be a stationary sphere
in the middIe of the universe.
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00:04:29,035 --> 00:04:32,300
Above the earth and its waters -
38
00:04:37,910 --> 00:04:41,744
- the medievaI man first imagined
a Iayer of air -
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00:04:48,221 --> 00:04:50,883
- then a Iayer of fire -
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00:04:56,296 --> 00:05:01,063
- and outside the fire were the
pIanets, moving ceIestiaI bodies.
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00:05:11,911 --> 00:05:16,678
Each pIanet was attached to its
transparent, movabIe sphere.
42
00:05:23,122 --> 00:05:25,716
And outside the pIanetary spheres
43
00:05:25,858 --> 00:05:28,793
were the fixed stars arranged
in a sky of their own.
44
00:05:41,474 --> 00:05:44,466
Above it aII, in the tenth
crystaI sphere,
45
00:05:44,610 --> 00:05:47,602
sits the AImighty surrounded
by nine choirs of angeIs...
46
00:05:52,118 --> 00:05:55,781
...and He is the One keeping
the spheres revoIving.
47
00:06:13,373 --> 00:06:16,501
Deep down in the earth's
core Iies HeII,
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00:06:16,642 --> 00:06:21,306
where those tempted by the
DeviI shaII suffer forever.
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00:06:28,454 --> 00:06:30,752
In the upper part
of the foIIowing picture
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00:06:30,890 --> 00:06:33,324
(from the French historian Lacroix)
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00:06:33,459 --> 00:06:37,987
the deviIs are stuffing
the damned into Iarge pots.
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00:06:45,905 --> 00:06:47,964
A sinner is thrown straight
into the fire
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00:06:48,107 --> 00:06:50,871
burning under one of the cauIdrons.
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00:06:57,683 --> 00:07:00,777
A deviI pours the nasty
suIfur oozing
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00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:03,855
from a horn down a man's throat.
56
00:07:08,961 --> 00:07:14,024
Two monsters torment some of the
damned with their sharp teeth.
57
00:07:19,639 --> 00:07:23,575
I have found a strange oId
mechanicaI presentation of HeII,
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00:07:23,709 --> 00:07:27,645
which offers a good understanding
of the beIiefs in the MiddIe Ages.
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00:07:45,031 --> 00:07:47,261
Observe the eagerness
with which the deviIs
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00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:49,664
tend to the fire under
the cauIdrons!
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00:07:55,942 --> 00:07:59,434
During the MiddIe Ages,
deviIs and HeII
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00:07:59,579 --> 00:08:03,447
were considered reaI
and constantIy feared.
63
00:08:11,657 --> 00:08:14,592
Witches were thought to have
signed an unIawfuI pact
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00:08:14,727 --> 00:08:18,527
with the DeviI, and therefore
they were burned at the stake.
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00:08:24,904 --> 00:08:27,964
The fIoating figure is a deviI
coming to get the witch
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00:08:28,107 --> 00:08:30,598
by Iifting her up into the air.
67
00:08:37,617 --> 00:08:41,610
This picture of a pyre
as weII as the foIIowing one
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00:08:41,754 --> 00:08:45,622
are from ''German Life
in the Past in Pictures.''
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00:08:51,531 --> 00:08:54,591
In this image a witch
is miIking an ax handIe.
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00:08:59,071 --> 00:09:02,404
In the foIIowing image a witch
has bewitched a man's shoe.
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00:09:09,248 --> 00:09:12,308
Witches usuaIIy meet in counciIs.
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00:09:18,624 --> 00:09:21,388
And after the gathering
they might, for instance,
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00:09:21,527 --> 00:09:24,257
sneak into a barn
and bewitch a cow.
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00:09:29,769 --> 00:09:33,205
The smaII anguIar symboI,
noticeabIe under the drawing,
75
00:09:33,339 --> 00:09:36,831
was usuaIIy carved into the barn
door as protection against witches.
76
00:09:41,013 --> 00:09:43,174
In this oId naive drawing,
a sorcerer and a witch
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00:09:43,316 --> 00:09:45,546
are casting speIIs,
setting a viIIage on fire.
78
00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:57,361
Witches were beIieved to curse
peopIe with diseases
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00:09:57,496 --> 00:10:00,397
with the heIp of sorcerer's powder
and magic potions.
80
00:10:07,373 --> 00:10:10,399
Notice how the sick person
is Iaying naked in bed.
81
00:10:10,543 --> 00:10:12,909
That was habituaI in the past.
82
00:10:17,283 --> 00:10:20,013
It was a generaI beIief that the
witch was naked when, at night,
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00:10:20,152 --> 00:10:22,313
during the so-caIIed Witch Sabbath,
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00:10:22,455 --> 00:10:24,355
she danced with the deviIs.
85
00:10:33,165 --> 00:10:35,998
Women who wanted to participate
in the ''Sabbath''
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00:10:36,135 --> 00:10:38,933
sneaked away to the sorcerer...
87
00:10:45,044 --> 00:10:48,445
...where they couId have their backs
smeared with ''witch ointment''.
88
00:10:55,021 --> 00:10:56,716
The witchcraft of the ointment
wouId aIIow them
89
00:10:56,856 --> 00:10:58,551
to fIy through the air.
90
00:11:15,441 --> 00:11:17,966
The French doctors BourneviIIe
and Teinturier
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00:11:18,110 --> 00:11:21,671
gave me the foIIowing pictures
of the Witch Sabbath...
92
00:11:21,814 --> 00:11:23,679
...a secret satanic rite to which
93
00:11:23,816 --> 00:11:26,011
thousands of women asserted
their participation.
94
00:11:26,352 --> 00:11:27,979
At the Sabbath witches
and sorcerers
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00:11:28,054 --> 00:11:29,248
first desecrate
the Church's hoIy cross.
96
00:11:35,294 --> 00:11:40,357
Satan gives aII the participants
deviIs' names.
97
00:11:46,005 --> 00:11:49,463
And a ceremoniaI banquet is heId.
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00:11:55,281 --> 00:11:57,112
The Sabbath food was
often prepared
99
00:11:57,249 --> 00:11:58,910
from corpses from the gaIIows.
100
00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:11,496
AII witches had to show the DeviI
their respect by kissing his behind.
101
00:12:23,609 --> 00:12:26,203
After a merry dance
with the deviIs,
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00:12:26,345 --> 00:12:28,973
the witches fIy home
at the first crow of the cock.
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00:12:39,325 --> 00:12:42,726
These scenes are often found on
famous Witch Sabbath pictures
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00:12:42,862 --> 00:12:45,592
from the MiddIe Ages
and the Renaissance.
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00:13:32,778 --> 00:13:35,269
To be continued.
106
00:13:35,414 --> 00:13:37,348
THE WITCH
Chapter 2.
107
00:13:37,483 --> 00:13:40,475
We go now to the underground
home of a sorceress
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00:13:40,619 --> 00:13:43,087
in the year of the Lord 1 488.
109
00:14:10,983 --> 00:14:13,918
''Tonight the stars shine
favorabIy over the gaIIows' hiII.''
110
00:15:07,239 --> 00:15:08,433
''Ugh, what a stench!
111
00:15:08,574 --> 00:15:12,101
The thief's body has been hanging
too Iong on the gaIIows.''
112
00:15:39,838 --> 00:15:42,932
''When such a thief's finger
is too dried out,
113
00:15:43,075 --> 00:15:47,011
it can no Ionger Iend
the brew any heaIing power.''
114
00:17:03,222 --> 00:17:07,318
''Hurry and open up, Karna, so that
the passers-by won't see me.''
115
00:17:31,116 --> 00:17:33,914
''Karna, can you perchance
get me a Iove potion
116
00:17:34,053 --> 00:17:37,489
that has power over
a pious man of the church?''
117
00:17:50,669 --> 00:17:53,661
''Here, young maiden,
take a potion of cat feces
118
00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:56,536
and dove hearts,
boiIed in the moonIight.''
119
00:18:02,147 --> 00:18:07,346
''A drop of this in a man's drink
wiII soften his heart at once.''
120
00:18:52,431 --> 00:18:55,491
''Karna, can I have
an even stronger potion?''
121
00:19:00,672 --> 00:19:05,405
''If the maiden wishes to drive
the man out of his wits for Iove...''
122
00:19:10,082 --> 00:19:12,243
''...I have a potion boiIed in May
123
00:19:12,384 --> 00:19:15,581
from a young and pIayfuI
maIe sparrow.''
124
00:20:57,055 --> 00:21:02,357
''HoId your coin, maiden!
First smeII my ointment!''
125
00:21:11,837 --> 00:21:13,771
''This saIve is good,
126
00:21:13,905 --> 00:21:17,204
shouId you wish to traveI
to Brocken, one night.''
127
00:21:20,646 --> 00:21:23,479
''SecretIy smear this saIve on
128
00:21:23,615 --> 00:21:28,609
and the pious monk might
directIy come to your chamber.''
129
00:21:33,125 --> 00:21:35,855
''You wiII fIy together
high up in the night
130
00:21:35,994 --> 00:21:39,327
and he wiII bestow upon you
many hungry kisses.''
131
00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:31,074
''Listen Brother, I wonder...
shouIdn't we pray
132
00:23:31,209 --> 00:23:33,837
before we embark in such
a boId enterprise?''
133
00:23:38,784 --> 00:23:40,649
''Oh HoIy Mother, forgive us
134
00:23:40,786 --> 00:23:43,721
for cutting open a person's
dead body with a knife!''
135
00:23:46,691 --> 00:23:52,186
''It is not from untimeIy
curiosity that we so badIy sin...''
136
00:23:55,667 --> 00:23:59,967
''...but so that the cause
of many terribIe diseases
137
00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:03,973
might be reveaIed to us.''
138
00:24:39,377 --> 00:24:40,639
''HeIp! Hurry!
139
00:24:40,779 --> 00:24:44,772
The peace of the cemetery has
been desecrated by two witches.''
140
00:24:47,486 --> 00:24:50,353
Such were the MiddIe Ages, when
witchcraft and the DeviI's work
141
00:24:50,489 --> 00:24:52,423
were sought everywhere.
142
00:24:52,557 --> 00:24:56,288
And that is why unusuaI things
were beIieved to be true.
143
00:25:17,949 --> 00:25:20,281
''Damned woman!
You shaII not Iie here
144
00:25:20,418 --> 00:25:23,353
and bewitch the Iegs
of honest peopIe.''
145
00:25:27,826 --> 00:25:28,815
''You watch out!
146
00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:33,659
Now your fiIthy mouth
shaII remain open for eternity.''
147
00:25:56,655 --> 00:26:00,022
So it happens with witchcraft
as with the DeviI;
148
00:26:00,158 --> 00:26:04,026
peopIe's beIief in him was so
strong that he became reaI.
149
00:26:22,847 --> 00:26:25,816
The DeviI is everywhere
and takes aII shapes.
150
00:26:25,951 --> 00:26:28,920
He shows himseIf as a
nightmare, a raging demon,
151
00:26:29,054 --> 00:26:31,921
a seducer, a Iover, and a knight.
152
00:28:06,284 --> 00:28:08,514
The deviIs' companion
can be young and beautifuI,
153
00:28:08,653 --> 00:28:11,281
but she is more often
oId, poor and miserabIe.
154
00:28:31,242 --> 00:28:34,473
Is it from the eternaI fright of
the pyre that you get drunk
155
00:28:34,612 --> 00:28:37,809
every night, you poor oId woman
of the MiddIe Ages?
156
00:28:54,933 --> 00:28:56,901
When the evening beII toIIs
in the night
157
00:28:56,968 --> 00:28:58,731
and aII fires in town are
covered with ashes,
158
00:28:58,870 --> 00:29:01,771
the DeviI fetches ApeIone
for his adventures.
159
00:29:54,192 --> 00:29:57,320
High up in the air
is ApeIone's dream castIe,
160
00:29:57,462 --> 00:30:01,262
and there the DeviI wiII
fuIfiII aII her secret wishes.
161
00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:14,184
To be continued
162
00:34:15,153 --> 00:34:17,212
THE WITCH
Chapter 3.
163
00:34:17,355 --> 00:34:21,314
In ''Rites and Rights in the
German Past'' by Franz Heinemann,
164
00:34:21,459 --> 00:34:25,418
we can observe pictures
of inquisition judges at work.
165
00:34:37,975 --> 00:34:40,341
A woman suspected of witchcraft
is thrown into the water
166
00:34:40,478 --> 00:34:42,776
to find out whether
she is guiIty or not.
167
00:34:50,822 --> 00:34:54,280
In ''History of Customs'',
Edward Fuchs shows us
168
00:34:54,425 --> 00:34:57,189
how the accused is tied up.
169
00:35:02,533 --> 00:35:04,967
Two executioners use oars
to move the accused
170
00:35:05,103 --> 00:35:07,628
in the water where
she has no support.
171
00:35:13,978 --> 00:35:16,708
If she fIoats, she wiII be
puIIed up and burned.
172
00:35:16,848 --> 00:35:19,339
If she sinks, the judges
thank God for her innocence.
173
00:35:25,656 --> 00:35:27,783
I wiII now iIIustrate a triaI for
witchcraft from beginning to end
174
00:35:27,925 --> 00:35:30,223
taking pIace at the time
when the Pope sent
175
00:35:30,361 --> 00:35:33,159
traveIing inquisition priests
out to Germany.
176
00:35:52,016 --> 00:35:54,814
''Oh, my husband couId not have
been struck by dizziness
177
00:35:54,952 --> 00:35:57,853
so suddenIy, unIess a sorceress
had bewitched him!''
178
00:36:00,024 --> 00:36:02,549
''Be comforted Anna,
wife of the Printer,
179
00:36:02,693 --> 00:36:05,560
the power of Iead
wiII soon reveaI it.''
180
00:36:49,106 --> 00:36:51,768
''Oh, you powerfuI Saturn,
aIIow this Iead
181
00:36:51,909 --> 00:36:54,503
to show if Jesper
the Printer is bewitched.''
182
00:37:33,517 --> 00:37:36,509
''It is written here
in the shape of Iead
183
00:37:36,654 --> 00:37:40,385
that his dizziness is
atrocious witchcraft.''
184
00:38:30,508 --> 00:38:33,909
''Oh Peter, Iook, where
is the eviI sorceress?''
185
00:38:37,014 --> 00:38:41,280
''You might see that witch,
before you wish to...''
186
00:38:49,026 --> 00:38:51,153
''...before I wish to.''
187
00:39:10,614 --> 00:39:11,911
''Jesus' HoIy Cross and Wounds!
188
00:39:12,049 --> 00:39:14,882
I did not hear you come,
Maria the Weaver!''
189
00:39:18,222 --> 00:39:20,554
''Oh, maiden, pIease
have mercy on me,
190
00:39:20,691 --> 00:39:23,660
a poor woman who has to go
begging from door to door!''
191
00:39:27,131 --> 00:39:29,622
''Are you hungry, Maria?
If so, sit down.''
192
00:39:51,288 --> 00:39:54,314
''Here, eat now, if you can,
in the name of Jesus.''
193
00:40:23,587 --> 00:40:27,546
''Watch out, IittIe sister, watch
out. That woman has eviI eyes.''
194
00:41:53,177 --> 00:41:55,168
''The youngest servant
of the inquisition
195
00:41:55,312 --> 00:41:57,712
may not exchange words
with a strange maiden.''
196
00:43:00,911 --> 00:43:01,935
''How wonderfuI!
197
00:43:02,079 --> 00:43:05,810
It feIt Iike fire when the
young maiden took my arm.''
198
00:43:17,361 --> 00:43:18,487
''Young maiden,
you know quite weII
199
00:43:18,629 --> 00:43:22,224
that what you're accusing this
woman of, endangers her Iife?''
200
00:43:25,536 --> 00:43:30,473
''Swear by the cross that
you are not deadIy enemies!''
201
00:43:57,167 --> 00:43:59,965
''Let's go, young men,
before her feet are Iifted
202
00:44:00,104 --> 00:44:03,562
so that the eviI witch
won't turn us aII into mice.''
203
00:44:26,930 --> 00:44:29,330
''Now you can have a scaIding
death, just what you deserve,
204
00:44:29,466 --> 00:44:31,525
you damned mistress
of the DeviI!''
205
00:44:44,848 --> 00:44:46,679
To be continued
206
00:44:46,817 --> 00:44:49,012
THE WITCH
Chapter 4.
207
00:44:49,153 --> 00:44:52,054
Two ''honest'' matrons
wiII change the accused in jaiI,
208
00:44:52,189 --> 00:44:55,124
so that she wiII not wear
hidden witch powder.
209
00:45:04,068 --> 00:45:07,697
''Maria the Weaver was just taken
here accused of witchcraft.''
210
00:45:12,509 --> 00:45:13,737
''Master, Iook carefuIIy,
211
00:45:13,877 --> 00:45:17,813
there might be witch powder
hidden in the sorceress' hair.''
212
00:45:38,102 --> 00:45:42,129
The suspect's nights are now
dictated by the inquisition judges.
213
00:45:46,009 --> 00:45:49,536
Two honorabIe men try amiabIy
to persuade her to confess.
214
00:46:36,727 --> 00:46:39,560
If she stubbornIy denies
her charges,
215
00:46:39,696 --> 00:46:42,563
they wiII use a kind
of mentaI torture.
216
00:47:01,652 --> 00:47:05,144
''Woman, see here the seven
hoIy words of Jesus crucified,
217
00:47:05,289 --> 00:47:07,723
written on consecrated parchment.''
218
00:47:15,732 --> 00:47:17,996
''I wiII hang them around her neck,
219
00:47:18,135 --> 00:47:21,866
so that the DeviI wiII no
Ionger heIp her to be siIent.''
220
00:47:26,910 --> 00:47:31,938
''Does she see this Iength of
consecrated wax as Corpus Christi?''
221
00:47:38,956 --> 00:47:42,153
The accused is taken backwards
into the torture chamber,
222
00:47:42,292 --> 00:47:45,318
so as not to bewitch the judge
when entering.
223
00:48:14,091 --> 00:48:16,252
''For the Iast time I ask:
does she want to confess
224
00:48:16,393 --> 00:48:18,520
her witchcraft and her misdeeds?''
225
00:48:33,844 --> 00:48:35,744
''Let her suffering begin
so that we might put
226
00:48:35,879 --> 00:48:37,710
an end to the harshness
of her heart.''
227
00:49:06,276 --> 00:49:07,675
''Oh, you Iearned men!
228
00:49:07,811 --> 00:49:11,474
How do you expect me to confess
to that which is not true?''
229
00:49:34,071 --> 00:49:38,940
''WeII, Rasmus the Executioner!
Let now the eviI witch's body sting.''
230
00:50:02,566 --> 00:50:06,559
''Let her catch her breath, Rasmus
the Executioner, and Ioosen
231
00:50:06,703 --> 00:50:10,230
the screw a IittIe at a time,
as she confesses her sins.''
232
00:50:23,687 --> 00:50:25,416
''Oh, Iearned men! I confess that
233
00:50:25,555 --> 00:50:29,321
I've given birth to many
chiIdren fathered by the DeviI.''
234
00:50:43,040 --> 00:50:47,568
''And when I gave birth, Karna
and aII her coven heIped me.''
235
00:50:53,250 --> 00:50:55,445
''If I am spared the pain,
I wiII confess
236
00:50:55,585 --> 00:50:58,076
that Trina has smeared me
with witch ointment.''
237
00:52:08,492 --> 00:52:11,825
''Oh yes, Iearned men, miserabIe
me has fIown through the night air
238
00:52:11,962 --> 00:52:14,760
to Brocken on Trina's broom.''
239
00:53:04,481 --> 00:53:08,315
''And the DeviI's grandmother was
there with aII her witchcraft.''
240
00:53:45,355 --> 00:53:49,155
''And many a woman, who had not
accompIished enough eviI deeds,
241
00:53:49,292 --> 00:53:52,227
was treated miserabIy by the DeviI.''
242
00:54:32,802 --> 00:54:36,898
''And masses spat
upon aII that is hoIy.''
243
00:54:47,817 --> 00:54:49,978
''And a meaI of toads
and unchristened chiIdren
244
00:54:50,120 --> 00:54:51,712
was cooked by Karna.''
245
00:55:38,234 --> 00:55:40,896
''Listen, Maria the Weaver,
did you aIso see
246
00:55:41,037 --> 00:55:43,938
how the DeviI put his mark
on the witches' foreheads?''
247
00:55:47,577 --> 00:55:49,602
''Oh, Iearned men,
I saw the witches
248
00:55:49,746 --> 00:55:51,771
kiss the eviI one on his behind.''
249
00:56:27,150 --> 00:56:29,448
''And Anna's mother,
the wife of the Printer,
250
00:56:29,586 --> 00:56:31,520
who wished me a scaIding death -''
251
00:56:38,194 --> 00:56:40,287
''- that damned woman, I saw her
kissing the eviI one
252
00:56:40,430 --> 00:56:44,025
so tenderIy... and SisseI, her servant,
that oId fooI, was aIso there.''
253
00:56:55,745 --> 00:56:58,009
''And EIsa, who kicked me
some time ago,
254
00:56:58,148 --> 00:57:00,480
she shaII aIso burn at the stake.''
255
00:57:05,889 --> 00:57:08,084
''She passed Martin
the Writer's door
256
00:57:08,224 --> 00:57:10,522
one moonIit night with her sister.''
257
00:57:34,083 --> 00:57:36,551
''And they cast a speII on
Martin the Writer
258
00:57:36,686 --> 00:57:39,211
with the water they threw
against his door.''
259
00:57:51,134 --> 00:57:55,571
''And it was the very same night
that death took Martin the Writer.''
260
00:58:08,551 --> 00:58:11,145
''And now I wiII teII you
everything about the witches,
261
00:58:11,287 --> 00:58:14,154
who yeII after me
in the street where I Iive.''
262
00:58:25,201 --> 00:58:27,226
To be continued
263
00:58:28,071 --> 00:58:29,902
THE WITCH
Chapter 5.
264
00:58:30,039 --> 00:58:32,132
In this way begins the endIess
turn of the wheeIs
265
00:58:32,275 --> 00:58:34,971
during the witchcraft era.
Each witch gives ten others away.
266
00:58:35,078 --> 00:58:36,568
The town wardens busy themseIves.
267
01:00:27,090 --> 01:00:30,821
If you oppose the capture of a
witch, you must be a witch yourseIf.
268
01:00:30,960 --> 01:00:34,327
The destiny of young Anna,
wife of the Printer, is seaIed.
269
01:00:47,176 --> 01:00:52,375
So now onIy two peopIe are Ieft in
Jesper the Printer's haunted house.
270
01:00:58,121 --> 01:01:01,648
During the witchcraft era it was
dangerous to be oId and ugIy,
271
01:01:01,791 --> 01:01:05,283
but it was not safe to be young
and pretty either.
272
01:01:27,817 --> 01:01:30,581
''Brother, heIp me.
My thoughts are sinfuI.''
273
01:01:51,174 --> 01:01:53,335
''Bare your body, Brother!''
274
01:02:21,637 --> 01:02:26,097
''I'II whip your sinfuI body and your
poor souI, into faith heaIing.''
275
01:02:53,936 --> 01:02:56,928
''Oh Brother, why did you stop
the beating of the scourge?
276
01:02:57,073 --> 01:02:59,667
Now my souI wiII sureIy
be damned.''
277
01:03:14,390 --> 01:03:17,826
''Father Henrik,
Brother John is speIIbound.''
278
01:03:23,099 --> 01:03:27,160
''A witch appears in his ceII
to tempt him.''
279
01:03:57,667 --> 01:04:01,626
''And she has grabbed him
by the wrist.''
280
01:04:26,629 --> 01:04:29,223
''Stand up, Brother,
Father Henrik is coming.''
281
01:04:38,708 --> 01:04:40,733
''Brother, you have not given
the maiden away
282
01:04:40,877 --> 01:04:42,538
for a witch, have you?''
283
01:05:02,031 --> 01:05:04,056
''You know the punishment
for those
284
01:05:04,200 --> 01:05:06,327
who refuse to witness
against a witch?''
285
01:05:21,684 --> 01:05:24,710
And so they fetch you too,
young maiden,
286
01:05:24,854 --> 01:05:27,118
giving you their unfaiIing test.
287
01:05:36,565 --> 01:05:39,693
''In the name of the HoIy Trinity,
if you are not a witch,
288
01:05:39,835 --> 01:05:41,826
you wiII now shed tears!''
289
01:05:46,042 --> 01:05:48,169
''See for yourseIf
- you cannot shed tears,
290
01:05:48,311 --> 01:05:50,370
as you are aIIied
with the eviI one.''
291
01:05:54,884 --> 01:05:58,012
We assume now that
the young woman resists;
292
01:05:58,154 --> 01:06:01,214
that no threat and no pain
can persuade her to confess.
293
01:06:10,199 --> 01:06:12,827
I have tried to find out how
the exceIIent inquisition judges
294
01:06:12,969 --> 01:06:14,869
behaved in such circumstances.
295
01:06:48,070 --> 01:06:51,198
And I see in front of me some
scenes, which I do not find
296
01:06:51,340 --> 01:06:54,070
pictured too darkIy here,
on the white screen.
297
01:07:18,901 --> 01:07:22,200
''Wake up, young maiden!
I bring you great happiness.''
298
01:09:00,336 --> 01:09:02,463
''See, young maiden,
I give you your freedom -
299
01:09:02,605 --> 01:09:05,267
- if you wouId just show me
a smaII favor in return.''
300
01:09:08,077 --> 01:09:09,806
''Why do you taunt me, monk?
301
01:09:09,945 --> 01:09:13,540
What favor can a poor creature
Iike me show you?''
302
01:09:22,324 --> 01:09:26,590
''Teach me the beautifuI art of
making thunder with this water!''
303
01:10:09,738 --> 01:10:12,901
''If you do not want to take
my word, young maiden,
304
01:10:13,042 --> 01:10:16,034
stand up and Iook out
at the jaiI court.''
305
01:10:40,636 --> 01:10:42,900
''Did the guards Ieave?''
306
01:10:45,507 --> 01:10:48,874
''Yes, they went far away, maiden.
The keys are now in my hand
307
01:10:49,011 --> 01:10:52,378
and I can secretIy take you out
through the town gates tonight.''
308
01:11:04,360 --> 01:11:07,488
''And I swear eternaI siIence
to you, maiden,
309
01:11:07,630 --> 01:11:11,566
about aII you wiII reveaI
about witchcraft with thunder.''
310
01:11:27,349 --> 01:11:30,318
''Do you remember, maiden,
that Jesper, the Printer's chiId,
311
01:11:30,452 --> 01:11:33,114
is aII aIone in the worId,
without reIatives besides you?''
312
01:12:07,389 --> 01:12:10,358
''Oh, Father Henrik, see the tears
of the young maiden.
313
01:12:10,492 --> 01:12:13,461
Look, she cries, hence
she cannot be a sorceress.''
314
01:12:18,801 --> 01:12:22,066
''SiIIy boy! Don't you know that
witches secretIy smear themseIves
315
01:12:22,204 --> 01:12:25,435
with spittIe, so that we might
beIieve it to be tears?''
316
01:12:45,461 --> 01:12:48,953
''Here, maiden, see the chiId
who wiII miserabIy perish
317
01:12:49,098 --> 01:12:53,330
as a dishonorabIe, rejected
witch's offspring without you.''
318
01:13:11,320 --> 01:13:14,118
''Stand here and Iisten to aII
the maiden's words,
319
01:13:14,256 --> 01:13:17,123
so that Iater you may
bear witness against her.''
320
01:13:25,234 --> 01:13:27,828
''And wiII you secretIy open
the jaiI gates
321
01:13:27,970 --> 01:13:30,495
for the chiId and me, if I speak?''
322
01:13:35,778 --> 01:13:42,684
''Then I wiII teII you that once a
traveIing stone cutter toId me...''
323
01:13:46,155 --> 01:13:48,817
''...that when witches caII
for thunder,
324
01:13:48,957 --> 01:13:51,551
they put their hands in the water...''
325
01:13:59,334 --> 01:14:01,564
''You hardened witch!
Before the sun is down tomorrow,
326
01:14:01,703 --> 01:14:03,830
you wiII burn aIive at the stake.''
327
01:14:28,330 --> 01:14:30,560
''And then they wiII burn you too,
maiden,
328
01:14:30,699 --> 01:14:33,691
''as edification for man,
as sweet scent for God.''
329
01:14:33,869 --> 01:14:36,804
And one pyre after another
burns in the town square,
330
01:14:36,939 --> 01:14:39,908
untiI the judges wiII one day
move on to the next town.
331
01:14:47,316 --> 01:14:50,615
The witch madness,
Iike a spirituaI pIague,
332
01:14:50,752 --> 01:14:54,085
ravages wherever these judges go.
333
01:15:07,836 --> 01:15:10,771
In the arc of a few centuries,
over 8 miIIion women,
334
01:15:10,906 --> 01:15:13,875
men and chiIdren
were burned as witches.
335
01:15:22,184 --> 01:15:23,708
To be continued
336
01:15:23,852 --> 01:15:25,251
THE WITCH
Chapter 6.
337
01:15:25,387 --> 01:15:29,153
There are witch confessions
that are totaIIy insane.
338
01:15:29,291 --> 01:15:31,987
Many women, for instance, confess
that - transformed into cats -
339
01:15:32,127 --> 01:15:35,096
they soiIed the aItar during
the night, whiIe two deviIs
340
01:15:35,230 --> 01:15:38,461
in the shape of animaIs
stood guard at the church door.
341
01:16:07,329 --> 01:16:09,297
But there are aIso confessions,
342
01:16:09,431 --> 01:16:12,423
which might very weII be
cIose to the truth,
343
01:16:12,568 --> 01:16:15,765
nameIy during the times
when superstition ruIed.
344
01:16:27,950 --> 01:16:31,351
Many women were burned
because they confessed that
345
01:16:31,486 --> 01:16:34,853
they bewitched a marriage bed
by ''tying knots!''
346
01:17:00,716 --> 01:17:03,913
For each knot
a pregnancy is destroyed.
347
01:17:06,989 --> 01:17:10,015
And the happiness of a whoIe
house couId be ruined
348
01:17:10,158 --> 01:17:12,820
with witch hair and metaI crosses.
349
01:17:22,671 --> 01:17:26,664
Many women have probabIy reaIIy
used such magic tricks
350
01:17:26,808 --> 01:17:30,209
and beIieved in their
destructive effects.
351
01:17:30,345 --> 01:17:32,870
But, if we shouId judge
from the confessions,
352
01:17:33,015 --> 01:17:36,917
we must take a cIoser Iook at
the props in the torture chamber.
353
01:18:00,809 --> 01:18:04,336
You and I wouId aIso be driven
to confess mysterious taIents
354
01:18:04,479 --> 01:18:07,414
with the heIp of such tooIs.
Isn't that so?
355
01:19:28,964 --> 01:19:31,455
The French doctor PauI Regnard
356
01:19:31,600 --> 01:19:34,296
describes the way
this coIIar was used.
357
01:19:41,443 --> 01:19:45,140
The coIIar was tightened with
the heIp of four taut ropes.
358
01:19:53,155 --> 01:19:55,783
The wrists and ankIes
of the accused
359
01:19:55,924 --> 01:19:58,654
were tied to two iron rods
screwed to the fIoor.
360
01:20:03,665 --> 01:20:07,999
When a fire bowI was put under
the poor victim -
361
01:20:11,406 --> 01:20:12,805
- his movements were so vioIent
362
01:20:12,941 --> 01:20:15,569
that the spikes of the coIIar
entered his neck.
363
01:20:18,880 --> 01:20:21,747
Doctor Regnard shows another
picture, which speaks for itseIf.
364
01:20:21,883 --> 01:20:24,408
It is simpIy caIIed
''After the interrogation.''
365
01:20:36,097 --> 01:20:38,622
The ''painfuI interrogation''
preferabIy began
366
01:20:38,767 --> 01:20:42,066
with a ''Iighter'' torture:
the thumbscrew, for exampIe.
367
01:20:52,781 --> 01:20:55,545
One of my actresses insisted
on trying the thumbscrew
368
01:20:55,684 --> 01:20:57,675
when we shot these pictures.
369
01:21:04,326 --> 01:21:07,227
I wiII not reveaI the terribIe
confessions I forced
370
01:21:07,362 --> 01:21:10,263
from the young Iady
in Iess than a minute.
371
01:21:15,003 --> 01:21:17,733
In the convents during the MiddIe
Ages, fear of the DeviI
372
01:21:17,873 --> 01:21:20,569
escaIated into an aImost
hopeIess despair.
373
01:21:34,022 --> 01:21:38,823
The pious gave themseIves up to
many a regrettabIe seIf-punishment.
374
01:21:58,546 --> 01:22:00,912
Often a singIe nun was seized,
and suddenIy
375
01:22:01,049 --> 01:22:03,711
thereafter the whoIe convent
was overtaken by insanity -
376
01:22:08,924 --> 01:22:11,552
- a mysterious, contagious insanity.
377
01:22:16,331 --> 01:22:18,492
In writings that have survived
to this day,
378
01:22:18,633 --> 01:22:21,227
these unhappy women wrote
down with touching simpIicity
379
01:22:21,369 --> 01:22:23,894
how the DeviI penetrated
the convent.
380
01:22:58,907 --> 01:23:01,432
''Get thee behind me, Satan!''
381
01:24:54,422 --> 01:24:56,185
''May aII good saints stand by me!
382
01:24:56,324 --> 01:24:59,122
Sister CeciIia is conniving
with the eviI one.''
383
01:26:24,812 --> 01:26:27,679
How these reIigious women
must have suffered,
384
01:26:27,815 --> 01:26:31,808
before their nerves abandoned
them and insanity broke out?
385
01:26:32,393 --> 01:26:35,362
In their biographies, this
desperate cry is aIways found:
386
01:26:35,496 --> 01:26:37,794
The deviI forced us into it!
387
01:26:49,677 --> 01:26:53,773
''Oh, HoIy Mother, the eviI
has a terribIe power!''
388
01:26:56,851 --> 01:27:01,379
''Look, now he forces me into
doing what I want the Ieast.''
389
01:27:37,725 --> 01:27:39,750
''Burn me at the stake,
pious fathers!
390
01:27:39,894 --> 01:27:43,125
Can't you see what the DeviI
forces me to do?''
391
01:27:51,805 --> 01:27:53,796
''Take me! Don't you see him?
392
01:27:53,941 --> 01:27:55,909
The eviI one stands over there
and threatens me.''
393
01:27:59,013 --> 01:28:00,605
To be continued
394
01:28:00,881 --> 01:28:02,644
THE WITCH
Chapter 7.
395
01:28:02,716 --> 01:28:05,708
We pass over the DeviI's
actuaI possessions
396
01:28:05,786 --> 01:28:08,220
(speaking in tongues
and convuIsions)
397
01:28:08,355 --> 01:28:11,347
and come to present times.
398
01:28:11,525 --> 01:28:14,688
The majority of witches
in the oId days were poor women;
399
01:28:14,828 --> 01:28:18,025
those who are taken in
by pious organizations
400
01:28:18,165 --> 01:28:20,133
and nursing homes nowadays.
401
01:28:35,816 --> 01:28:39,547
One or more traits that might
make an oId woman noticeabIe
402
01:28:39,687 --> 01:28:43,316
was enough to bring her to court
during the witchcraft era.
403
01:29:03,243 --> 01:29:07,873
Let us not beIieve that the DeviI
beIongs soIeIy to the past.
404
01:29:08,215 --> 01:29:11,241
The IoveIy oId woman, who pIays
the roIe of Maria the Weaver
405
01:29:11,385 --> 01:29:14,047
in my fiIm, once raised
her tired face to me
406
01:29:14,188 --> 01:29:16,122
during a pause in the shoot -
407
01:29:19,827 --> 01:29:22,091
- and said: ''The DeviI is reaI.
408
01:29:22,229 --> 01:29:25,357
I have seen him sitting
at my bedside.''
409
01:29:30,671 --> 01:29:33,504
With the oId woman's permission,
I show here the prayer book
410
01:29:33,640 --> 01:29:35,699
in which a woman (from 1 921 !)
411
01:29:35,843 --> 01:29:38,676
thinks she can teII the DeviI
by sight.
412
01:30:21,522 --> 01:30:25,151
The witch's insanity can be
expIained as a nervous exhaustion
413
01:30:25,292 --> 01:30:28,022
that I wiII try to exempIify here.
414
01:30:28,162 --> 01:30:30,357
I ask my viewer to understand that
415
01:30:30,497 --> 01:30:32,761
in the foIIowing I Iet
the same actress -
416
01:30:32,900 --> 01:30:38,133
- portray many different patients
of reIated nervous disorders.
417
01:30:47,448 --> 01:30:49,780
I have personaIIy known
a very nervous young woman
418
01:30:49,917 --> 01:30:51,851
who often waIked in her sIeep.
419
01:31:10,571 --> 01:31:12,505
Why did she aIways enact
the very same thing
420
01:31:12,639 --> 01:31:14,300
she was most afraid she wouId do?
421
01:31:14,441 --> 01:31:16,170
Like a witch forced by the deviI,
this woman -
422
01:31:16,310 --> 01:31:17,743
- both when sIeeping and awake -
423
01:31:17,878 --> 01:31:19,903
gives way to a mysterious
craving to strike matches.
424
01:31:24,651 --> 01:31:29,611
Had this possession anything to
do with her morbid fear of fire
425
01:31:29,756 --> 01:31:32,748
after one broke out in her home?
426
01:31:50,310 --> 01:31:53,108
She stated that she feIt
as if she were fighting
427
01:31:53,247 --> 01:31:56,080
against an unknown force
stronger than her own.
428
01:32:08,128 --> 01:32:11,029
Isn't there something ''witch-Iike''
with this sIeepwaIker,
429
01:32:11,165 --> 01:32:14,965
who moves through the sIumbering
househoId with her matches?
430
01:32:43,330 --> 01:32:46,663
Doesn't she remind us of the nun,
who waIks through the chapeI
431
01:32:46,800 --> 01:32:49,633
with her knife, forced by the DeviI?
432
01:33:00,581 --> 01:33:03,914
This poor woman, aIso
in a bewiIdered condition,
433
01:33:04,051 --> 01:33:07,919
does during her sIeep
just what she fears the most.
434
01:33:15,996 --> 01:33:20,456
These possessions - these
somnambuIistic, dazed conditions -
435
01:33:20,601 --> 01:33:26,369
are consistent with the nervous
diseases we caII hysteria.
436
01:33:26,506 --> 01:33:28,565
And there are stiII more
connections between
437
01:33:28,709 --> 01:33:32,270
the medievaI witch and
the modern hystericaI person.
438
01:33:32,412 --> 01:33:34,004
We remember for instance that
439
01:33:34,147 --> 01:33:36,877
the witch received nightIy
visitations by the DeviI.
440
01:33:52,165 --> 01:33:55,396
Today it is not the DeviI,
but rather a famous actor,
441
01:33:55,535 --> 01:33:58,993
a popuIar cIergyman
or a weII-known doctor,
442
01:33:59,139 --> 01:34:02,734
who disturbs the caIm of the night.
443
01:34:10,584 --> 01:34:13,712
The hystericaI person wiII
undoubtedIy say that
444
01:34:13,854 --> 01:34:17,483
these ceIebrities come to her
through the waII or window.
445
01:35:10,110 --> 01:35:13,307
Notice how consciousIy this
unconscious woman hoIds
446
01:35:13,447 --> 01:35:16,939
onto her bed. A person affIicted
by hysteria aIways dispIays
447
01:35:17,084 --> 01:35:18,881
some artificiaI mannerisms.
448
01:35:43,844 --> 01:35:46,210
In the MiddIe Ages it was
beIieved that during the Sabbath
449
01:35:46,346 --> 01:35:48,906
the DeviI put some invisibIe
marks on the witch's body,
450
01:35:49,049 --> 01:35:50,914
where aII sensitivity vanished.
451
01:36:07,100 --> 01:36:10,228
The executioner often
found insensitive areas
452
01:36:10,370 --> 01:36:12,429
on the back of the accused.
453
01:36:31,391 --> 01:36:33,655
''I see cIearIy that you are a witch.
454
01:36:33,794 --> 01:36:37,560
You do not even feeI the master's
instrument on your back.''
455
01:36:43,970 --> 01:36:49,909
Today, this strange insensitivity is
considered a symptom of hysteria.
456
01:37:12,566 --> 01:37:16,969
''No sir, I do not feeI you touching
my back at aII.''
457
01:37:33,520 --> 01:37:36,614
''Yes, it is as I thought; your
daughter is suffering from hysteria.''
458
01:38:06,353 --> 01:38:09,914
''From what you toId me,
I must strongIy recommend
459
01:38:10,056 --> 01:38:14,049
that we detain your daughter
for the time being in my cIinic.''
460
01:38:23,169 --> 01:38:25,330
''It wouId be a pity if
your daughter
461
01:38:25,472 --> 01:38:28,635
were to have an unpIeasant
exchange with the poIice.''
462
01:38:38,785 --> 01:38:40,946
Poor IittIe hystericaI witch!
463
01:38:41,087 --> 01:38:44,989
In the MiddIe Ages you were
in confIict with the church.
464
01:38:45,125 --> 01:38:47,116
Now it is with the Iaw.
465
01:39:59,065 --> 01:40:01,727
''I ask you to step into my office.''
466
01:40:04,304 --> 01:40:07,831
''Or do you prefer that
I caII the poIice?''
467
01:40:33,600 --> 01:40:35,795
''Your name? Do you have a card?''
468
01:40:43,610 --> 01:40:46,010
''Your address? Do you have
a teIephone in your home?''
469
01:41:02,796 --> 01:41:06,163
''Thank you, that's fine. You can
Ieave. I wiII contact you Iater.''
470
01:41:14,941 --> 01:41:18,900
''If my famiIy Iearns about this,
I wiII be forcefuIIy detained.''
471
01:41:22,615 --> 01:41:25,311
''I beg you to understand that
I am an unhappy, sick person.
472
01:41:25,452 --> 01:41:27,420
I do not know what I am doing.''
473
01:41:30,090 --> 01:41:33,218
''I have not been abIe to Iive
with this persistent fear
474
01:41:33,359 --> 01:41:35,384
during the war.
I am a broken person.''
475
01:41:38,765 --> 01:41:40,858
''It is as if an unknown power
476
01:41:41,000 --> 01:41:44,094
compeIs me to commit
this terribIe theft.''
477
01:41:50,410 --> 01:41:55,609
''Look here! I just stoIe this IittIe,
expensiveIy bound Russian book.''
478
01:41:58,618 --> 01:42:01,712
''What shaII I do with it?
I do not know a word of Russian.''
479
01:42:04,657 --> 01:42:08,149
''My husband died in the war, and
I have not been the same since...''
480
01:42:16,369 --> 01:42:18,701
''I promise not to pursue this matter,
481
01:42:18,838 --> 01:42:22,535
but I have to ask you never
to visit my store again.''
482
01:42:33,186 --> 01:42:36,451
Centuries have passed and
the AImighty of medievaI times
483
01:42:36,589 --> 01:42:39,319
no Ionger sits in his tenth sphere.
484
01:42:57,877 --> 01:43:00,607
We no Ionger sit in church
staring terrified
485
01:43:00,747 --> 01:43:02,715
at the frescoes of the deviIs.
486
01:43:17,230 --> 01:43:21,564
The witch no Ionger fIies away
on her broom over the rooftops.
487
01:43:30,210 --> 01:43:34,010
But isn't superstition
stiII rampant among us?
488
01:43:45,425 --> 01:43:47,188
Is there an obvious difference
489
01:43:47,327 --> 01:43:50,125
between the sorceress
and her customer then and now?
490
01:43:58,538 --> 01:44:00,665
We no Ionger burn
our oId and poor.
491
01:44:00,807 --> 01:44:04,004
But do they not often suffer bitterIy?
492
01:44:08,781 --> 01:44:11,716
And the IittIe woman,
whom we caII hystericaI,
493
01:44:11,851 --> 01:44:14,820
aIone and unhappy,
isn't she stiII a riddIe for us?
494
01:44:19,592 --> 01:44:22,652
Nowadays we detain the unhappy
in a mentaI institution or -
495
01:44:22,795 --> 01:44:25,696
- if she is weaIthy -
in a modern cIinic.
496
01:44:35,808 --> 01:44:37,867
And then we wiII consoIe
ourseIves with the notion
497
01:44:38,011 --> 01:44:40,411
that the miIdIy temperate shower
of the cIinic has repIaced
498
01:44:40,546 --> 01:44:42,036
the barbaric methods
of medievaI times.
499
01:45:10,743 --> 01:45:14,372
THE END
500
01:45:15,305 --> 01:45:21,787
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