All language subtitles for Aerial.America.Series.1.02of20.Hawaii

NO OTHER LAND IS MORE PRIMAL--

MORE ASTONISHING IN
ITS RAINBOW OF LIFE--

MORE COMPELLING, WITH ITS

SEDUCTIVE STORIES OF HISTORY,

MYTH, AND HUMAN DRAMA.

HAWAII, AN EMERALD STRING OF

EIGHT MAJOR ISLANDS NEAR THE

EQUATOR, IN THE
VAST PACIFIC OCEAN.

TO SEE IT BY AIR IS
A STUNNING JOURNEY.

WE'LL TRAVEL ACROSS THE MAIN
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

FROM KILAUEA, A SMOLDERING GIANT

OF A VOLCANO--

THE MOST ACTIVE ON THE PLANET,

OUT PAST THE SHORES OF ONE OF

THE MOST NOTORIOUS LEPER

COLONIES, WHERE A BRAVE PRIEST

WAGED A SOLITARY WAR AGAINST THE

PLAGUE OF DEATH.

ON TO PEARL HARBOR, WHERE WAVES

OF JAPANESE BOMBERS TURNED A

PEACEFUL MORNING SKY INTO AN

INFERNO THAT CHANGED THE WORLD;

AND TO WAIKIKI AND BEYOND, WHERE

A LEGENDARY OLYMPIC ATHLETE

INTRODUCED THE WORLD TO THE

SPORT OF SURFING.

AERIAL HAWAII IS A JOURNEY

UNLIKE ANY OTHER ON THE
FACE OF THE EARTH.

OUR JOURNEY OF THE

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS STARTS ON THE

BIG ISLAND OF HAWAII.

SO BIG, IT'S MORE THAN DOUBLE

THE SIZE OF ALL THE OTHER

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS COMBINED.

IT'S BELIEVED THAT THE FIRST

HUMANS MAY HAVE SET FOOT HERE

AROUND 500 A.D.

THEY LIKELY WERE FROM THE

MARQUESAS ISLANDS, 2,500 MILES

TO THE SOUTH.

WHY THESE POLYNESIAN SAILORS

SET OUT FOR THE
UNKNOWN IS A MYSTERY.

THEY SAILED THE OPEN SEA UNTIL

FINALLY, THE HORIZON YIELDED

A GLORIOUS GIFT:

THE WARM, WELCOMING
SAND OF HAWAII.

ON THE WESTERN SHORE OF THE

ISLAND, THE REMAINS OF A GREAT

STONE WALL STAND AS A MONUMENT

TO HAWAII'S ANCIENT CULTURE.

THIS IS PU'UHONUA-O-HONAUNAU,

A SACRED PLACE THAT ANCIENT

HAWAIIANS BELIEVED
HELD SPECIAL POWERS.

BUILT IN THE 1500S, ITS WALL

STANDS 1,000 FEET LONG, TEN FEET

HIGH, 17 FEET THICK, NOT TO

REPEL ENEMIES, BUT TO
PROVIDE SANCTUARY.

IF A LAW WAS BROKEN, THE PENALTY

WAS OFTEN DEATH.

FOR SEVERE CRIMES, THE ENTIRE

FAMILY OF THE ACCUSED
WAS EXECUTED.

LAW BREAKERS WERE GIVEN ONE SHOT

AT A REPRIEVE: IF THEY COULD

ESCAPE AND REACH PU'UHONUA

BEFORE BEING CAPTURED,
THEY WERE SAFE.

HERE, PRIESTS OFFERED REFUGE AND

FORGIVENESS.

WHATEVER THE CRIME, THE FUGITIVE

WAS THEN ALLOWED TO RETURN HOME,

WITHOUT FEAR OF RETRIBUTION.

FOR CENTURIES, HAWAIIANS WERE

UNKNOWN TO THE
REST OF THE WORLD.

BUT IN 1778, CAPTAIN JAMES COOK,

ON EXPEDITION WITH TWO SHIPS OF

THE BRITISH ADMIRALTY, BECAME

THE FIRST EUROPEAN
TO SET FOOT HERE.

THE ISLANDERS RECEIVED COOK

AND HIS MEN WARMLY--

BUT CONSEQUENCES WERE FATAL.

WITHIN A 100 YEARS OF COOK'S

ARRIVAL, AN ESTIMATED 90 PERCENT

OF THE INDIGENOUS
POPULATION WAS WIPED OUT.

DEAD, FROM MEASLES AND OTHER

EUROPEAN DISEASES.

BUT FOR COOK, DEATH
CAME MUCH MORE SWIFTLY.

A YEAR AFTER HIS ARRIVAL,
HE ANCHORED HERE.

SOME NATIVES STOLE ONE OF COOK'S

BOATS; THE CAPTAIN AND A SMALL

LANDING PARTY CAME
ASHORE TO RETRIEVE IT.

MORE THAN 200 WARRIORS ATTACKED.

COOK WAS STRUCK IN
THE HEAD AND KILLED.

A WHITE OBELISK MARKS THE SPOT

WHERE HE FELL.

ACCORDING TO CREW MEMBERS, SOME

FRIENDLY HAWAIIANS LATER

RETURNED COOK'S BODY, OR WHAT

REMAINED OF IT; HANDS, SCALP,

A FEW BONES, AND THE SKULL,

WITHOUT ITS LOWER JAW;

ALL OF IT BURNED.

TRAVELING NORTH ALONG THE COAST,

MODERN HAWAII BECKONS.

AT FIRST GLANCE, THE BIG ISLAND

APPEARS TO TURN A COLD SHOULDER

TO BEACH LOVERS.

HAWAII HAS FEWER SAND BEACHES

PER MILE THAN OTHER
ISLANDS IN THE CHAIN.

BUT THE BEACHES IT DOES HAVE

ARE AMONG THE BEST IN THE
ENTIRE STATE.

SOME OF THE ISLAND'S MOST

OPULENT RESORTS HUG ITS
WESTERN SHORE LINE.

LIKE THIS ONE-- THE
MOANA KAI HOTEL.

BUILT IN 1965, SITUATED BETWEEN

TWO ANCIENT LAVA FLOWS,

MOANA KAI WAS THE
FIRST RESORT HERE.

THE OWNER WAS LAWRENCE
ROCKEFELLER, OF THE

ROCKEFELLER DYNASTY.

AS A VENTURE CAPITALIST, HE WAS

FAMOUS FOR PROVIDING EARLY

START-UP CAPITAL TO TWO LITTLE

COMPANIES NAMED INTEL AND APPLE.

BUT HE WAS ALSO A PIONEERING

CONSERVATIONIST, COMMITTED TO

BUILDING ECO-FRIENDLY HOTELS

THAT GAVE PEOPLE A RESPECTFUL

ACCESS TO NATURE.

IN HAWAII, THE MOANA KAI HOTEL

IS HIS LEGACY.

SOME ROOMS AND SUITES HERE COST

A $1,000 A NIGHT.

AT THE NORTH END OF THE ISLAND,

BEAUTY GIVES WAY TO MYSTERY.

WHAT APPEARS AS LITTLE MORE THAN

A ROUGH PILE OF STONES IS

ACTUALLY WHAT REMAINS OF THE

ANCIENT TEMPLE OF
MO'OKINI HEIAU.

IT'S BELIEVED THE SITE WAS USED

FOR HUMAN SACRIFICE TO THE

HAWAIIAN WAR GOD, KU.

TENS OF THOUSANDS WERE
SACRIFICED HERE--

THOUGH LITTLE BLOOD
WAS ACTUALLY SPILLED.

BECAUSE A BLOODIED CORPSE DID

NOT LOOK GOOD ON THE STONE

ALTAR, MOST VICTIMS WERE EITHER

DROWNED, STRANGLED, OR POISONED.

VISITORS TO THE SITE OFTEN CLAIM
THAT THERE IS AN EERIE QUIET,

A STRANGE CHILL IN THE AIR, AS IF

THE COUNTLESS DEAD STILL LINGER.

BUT THE MOST TANGIBLE TRACE OF
WHAT HAPPENED HERE ARE THE

STONES OF THE TEMPLE ITSELF.

ACCORDING TO LEGEND, THE STONES
WERE MOVED TO THIS SITE FROM A

VALLEY SOME 14 MILES AWAY.

FROM HAND TO HAND, THE ROCKS
WERE PASSED ALONG A CHAIN OF

18,000 PEOPLE AND STACKED AT THE
TEMPLE, ALL IN JUST ONE NIGHT.

AN EPIC FEAT, CONSIDERING THAT

THE STONE WALLS WERE
NEARLY 30 FEET THICK.

HEADING SOUTH ALONG HAWAII'S

EAST COAST, A LUSH
WONDERLAND AWAITS

THE WAIPIO VALLEY.

ONCE, THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE LIVED
HERE, CULTIVATING BANANAS,

COCONUTS, AND A SPINACH-TASTING
PLANT CALLED TARO.

BUT IN 1946, A TSUNAMI
DEVASTATED THE VALLEY.

MOST OF THE SURVIVORS LEFT,
AND THE WILD TOOK OVER.

THEN IN 1961, PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY
STARTED THE PEACE CORPS.

AND THE WAIPIO VALLEY WAS CHOSEN

AS THE SITE OF ONE OF ITS FIRST
TRAINING CAMPS.

A LIVING CLASSROOM, WHERE
VOLUNTEERS PREPARED FOR THE

RIGORS OF LIFE IN
UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES.

TODAY, THE CAMP IS LONG GONE.

ONLY ABOUT 50 PEOPLE LIVE IN THE
ENTIRE VALLEY, FARMERS MOSTLY.

THIS PART OF HAWAII HAS SLIPPED
BACK IN TIME, BECOMING NEARLY AS

REMOTE AND UNTAMED AS WHEN IT
WAS FIRST CARVED IN THE EARTH.

ITS SAND BEACH IS BLACK FROM
WHERE ANCIENT VOLCANIC LAVA

FLOWED TO THE OCEAN, AND WAS
CRUSHED BY THE SURF.

AND DEEP INSIDE THE VALLEY, ITS

CLIFFS TOWER SOME
2,000 FEET HIGH.

ONE OF THE HIGHEST FREEFALLING
WATERFALLS IN THE WORLD IS HERE,

A SPECTACULAR 1,300-FOOT DROP.

INLAND FROM THE VALLEY IS THE
SPRAWLING PARKER RANCH, THE SITE

OF A REMARKABLE AMERICAN
SUCCESS STORY--

THE RAGS-TO-RICHES TALE OF A
VAGABOND SAILOR WHO TURNED HIS

SKILL WITH A GUN INTO A DYNASTY.

AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH CENTURY,

HERDS OF LONG-HORNED CATTLE
ROAMED THIS PART OF THE ISLAND.

THEY WERE WILD, DANGEROUS, FAR

FROM THE DOMESTICATED
BREED OF TODAY.

WITHIN A DECADE, THERE WERE SO
MANY THAT LOCALS FELT THREATENED.

TO CONTROL THE POPULATION, A
LOCAL CHIEF HIRED A MAN NAMED

JOHN PARKER TO HUNT
SOME OF THE CATTLE.

PARKER WAS A NEW ENGLAND SAILOR
WHO HAD JUMPED SHIP ON THE

ISLAND, AND WAS KNOWN AS A GOOD
SHOT WITH A MUSKET.

BECAUSE THE CATTLE LIVED IN
CANYONS, THE BEST WAY TO HUNT

THEM WAS ON HORSEBACK.

PARKER FAVORED HORSES WITH A
KEEN SENSE OF SMELL.

THE SOONER A HORSE COULD PERK
ITS EARS AND ALERT HIM THAT HIS

PREY WAS NEAR BY, THE SOONER HE
COULD GET OFF A GOOD SHOT.

BEFORE LONG, PARKER WAS SALTING
THE BEEF FROM HIS KILLS, AND

SELLING IT TO THE WHALING
VESSELS THAT CAME TO PORT.

IN NO TIME, SALT BEEF WAS A

BESTSELLER, BECOMING THE
ISLAND'S CHIEF EXPORT.

WHEN PARKER MARRIED THE CHIEF'S
GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER, A DYNASTY WAS BORN.

HE DOMESTICATED HIS OWN HERD OF

CATTLE, AND ACQUIRED
THIS LAND YOU SEE.

EVENTUALLY, THE PARKER RANCH
GREW TO OVER 150,000 ACRES,

BECOMING ONE OF THE LARGEST
CATTLE RANCHES IN THE NATION.

SOUTH FROM THE MAIN PART OF THE
PARKER RANCH LOOMS THE MAMMOTH

MAUNA KEA VOLCANO.

FROM BASE TO SUMMIT, IT TOWERS
MORE THAN FIVE AND ONE HALF

MILES, HIGHER THAN
EVEN MOUNT EVEREST.

THE LAST TIME MAUNA KEA ERUPTED
WAS SOME 3,500 YEARS AGO.

MAUNA KEA MEANS WHITE MOUNTAIN,

FOR THE SNOW THAT
COVERS ITS PEAK.

IN THE 1960S, NASA SENT ITS

APOLLO ASTRONAUTS TO
TRAIN ON MAUNA KEA.

IT SEEMS THAT THE TERRAIN HERE
IS SIMILAR TO THAT ON THE MOON.

TODAY, SCIENTISTS STILL FLOCK
HERE, THIS TIME ARMED WITH THE

MOST POWERFUL TELESCOPES
IN THE WORLD.

THE THIN CLEAR AIR MAKES IT AN
IDEAL PLACE TO STUDY THE HEAVENS.

IN RECENT YEARS, ASTRONOMERS
USING THESE AND OTHER TELESCOPES

ATOP MAUNA KEA, HAVE MADE KEY
DISCOVERIES ABOUT THE FORMATION

OF STARS, THE ORIGIN OF BLACK
HOLES, AND THE WEB OF DARK

MATTER THAT STRETCHES
ACROSS THE COSMOS.

MEANWHILE, A MERE 50 MILES AWAY IS
MAUNA LOA, A GIANT OF A VOLCANO.

SINCE 1832, MAUNA LOA
HAS ERUPTED 33 TIMES.

THE LAST ERUPTION WAS IN 1984.

THE MOSTLY UNPOLLUTED AIR ATOP MAUNA
LOA IS NIRVANA FOR SCIENTISTS.

IN THIS CASE, THE SUBJECT
IS CLIMATE RESEARCH.

IT STARTED IN 1958 WHEN AMERICAN

GEOCHEMIST DAVID KEELING SET UP

HIS INSTRUMENTS HERE.

HE WANTED TO FIND OUT IF
INDUSTRIAL CARBON DIOXIDE WAS

HEATING THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE
OF THE EARTH.

KEELING FOUND THAT CO2 LEVELS IN
THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE WERE

INCREASING AT A RATE OF 3.3
BILLION TONS A YEAR.

IT WAS A MILESTONE DISCOVERY,

THE FIRST MEASURABLE DATA TO
ESTABLISH A CONNECTION BETWEEN

GLOBAL WARMING AND RISING CO2
LEVELS.

BY FAR THE MOST ACTIVE VOLCANO
ON THE ISLAND, IN THE WHOLE

WORLD IN FACT, IS KILAUEA.

THE VOLCANO HAS SPEWED LAVA
CONTINUOUSLY SINCE 1983,

UNLEASHING MOLTEN ROCK AT TEMPERATURES
UP TO 2,000 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

AS THE LAVA FLOWS DOWN THE HILL

AND MEETS THE SEA, IT PRODUCES A
CLOUD OF STEAM LIKE THIS ONE.

BUT DON'T GET TOO CLOSE,
INHALING THE STEAM CAN SEAR YOUR

LUNGS AND KILL YOU IN MINUTES.

ONCE IT COOLS IN THE OCEAN, THE
LAVA HARDENS AND FORMS A CRUST

THAT EXPANDS THE SURFACE OF
HAWAII'S COASTLINE.

SINCE THE 1980S, LAVA HAS

EXPANDED THE ISLAND BY
MORE THAN 500 ACRES.

CALLED LAVA EXTENSIONS,
THESE TRACTS OF NEW LAND BELONG

TO THE STATE OF HAWAII.

THE RULING WAS HANDED DOWN BY
THE STATE SUPREME COURT AFTER

SEVERAL LAND OWNERS CLAIMED THE

NEW SHORELINE PROPERTIES
AS THEIR OWN.

BUT, AS THE VOLCANO CREATES,
IT ALSO DESTROYS.

THE SMOKING LAVA
WIPES OUT HIGHWAYS--

DEVASTATES WILDLIFE--

AND TURNS ENTIRE NEIGHBORHOODS
INTO SMOLDERING DEAD ENDS.

STILL, LIFE ENDURES.

EVEN AS THE VOLCANO CONTINUES TO
ERUPT, NEW HOMES ARE UNDER

CONSTRUCTION, RIGHT ON TOP OF
THE OLD LAVA FLOWS.

HEADING WEST FROM HAWAII,
THE NEXT ISLAND IN THE CHAIN: MAUI.

THE AVIATION HERO
CHARLES LINDBERGH SAID OF MAUI,

"IF THERE IS A HEAVEN
ON EARTH, IT'S HERE."

TODAY, THE PORT CITY OF LAHAINA,

ON MAUI'S WEST COAST, BUSTLES
WITH A FLEET OF PLEASURE BOATS.

BUT IN THE 1800S, THIS WAS THE

CENTER OF THE PACIFIC
WHALING INDUSTRY.

HUNDREDS OF WHALING VESSELS
FILLED THE HARBOR--

AND THOUSANDS OF SAILORS
PROWLED THE STREETS.

AMONG THEM WAS A YOUNG MAN NAMED

HERMAN MELVILLE,

WHOSE EXPERIENCES AT SEA LATER

INSPIRED HIM TO WRITE THE NOVEL

"MOBY DICK."

NOW THE WHALES HERE HAVE NOTHING TO
FEAR BUT TOURISTS, WITH CAMERAS.

MAUI IS THE WHALE-WATCHING CAPITAL
IN THIS PART OF THE PACIFIC.

EACH YEAR, MORE THAN 1,000
HUMPBACKED WHALES, LIKE THIS

MOTHER AND HER CALF, MIGRATE

HERE FROM THEIR ARCTIC
FEEDING GROUNDS.

THE MOTHER WHALE KEEPS HER BABY
CLOSE. THEY'LL SWIM TOGETHER

LIKE THIS FOR THE FIRST YEAR OF
THE CALF'S LIFE, THE MOTHER

TEACHING VALUABLE SKILLS THAT WILL
HELP HER BABY THRIVE AND GROW.

WHAT MAY LOOK LIKE PLAY TO US
CAN BE THE MOTHER SHOWING HER

CALF HOW TO MANEUVER WHEN
ATTACKED BY A PREDATORY SHARK.

ANOTHER REASON SO MANY PEOPLE
FLOCK TO MAUI IS THE SHORELINE.

THERE ARE MORE THAN 80 BEACHES.

WHILE MOST LOOK LIKE THIS ONE,

OTHERS HAVE SAND OF BOLD,
UNEXPECTED COLORS.

BLACK, GREEN, RED, ALL FROM
ANCIENT LAVA FLOWS.

AT EVERY TURN, MAUI IS A
ROMANTIC PARADISE, CONSIDERED

THE NUMBER ONE DESTINATION FOR
WEDDINGS IN THE WORLD.

TRAVELING ON WEST MAUI, THE
MOUNTAINS AND RUGGED COASTLINE

ARE A MAGNIFICENT WILDERNESS, SO
WILD THAT PARTS OF IT HAVE YET

TO BE FULLY EXPLORED.

MUCH OF THIS PART OF THE ISLAND
IS A RICH NATURE PRESERVE,

THE LARGEST IN THE STATE.

RARE VEGETATION GROWS AT A RATE

OF ONLY ABOUT ONE FOOT EVERY

10,000 YEARS, NO WONDER
PUBLIC ACCESS IS LIMITED.

ONE FOOTPRINT IN THE SOIL CAUSES

DAMAGE THAT CAN TAKE THOUSANDS
OF YEARS FOR NATURE TO REPAIR.

THE HIGHEST PEAK IN THE MOUNTAIN

IS PU'U KUKUI, MEANING
"HILL OF LIGHT."

ANCIENT HAWAIIANS BELIEVED THIS
RAINFOREST WAS THE MEETING

PLACE BETWEEN HEAVEN AND EARTH.

IF THIS WAS THE REALM OF THE
GODS, THEN IT WAS GOOD ENOUGH

FOR KINGS AS WELL.

ACCORDING TO LEGEND, AN 18TH
CENTURY MAUI KING SOMETIMES

LIVED NEAR THE MOUNTAIN,
ATOP HIS OWN GODLIKE REALM:

A SPECTACULAR ROCK FORMATION
CALLED THE [INDISTINCT] HEAD.

EACH MORNING, THE KING WOULD
DIVE FROM HERE, AND PLUNGE

HUNDREDS OF FEET INTO THE OCEAN.

800 YEARS AGO, THE PEOPLE OF

MAUI MADE THIS AREA A
HOME FOR THEIR GODS.

THIS MASSIVE TEMPLE,
PI'I-LANI HEIAU, IS BUILT OF

LAVA ROCK, SPREAD OVER
NEARLY THREE ACRES.

BUT PERHAPS THE MOST FAMOUS HOME ON
MAUI, FOR MORTALS AT LEAST, IS HERE.

A CHURCH ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF
THE ISLAND WHERE THE GREATEST

AVIATOR IN THE HISTORY OF THE

WORLD IS BURIED,
CHARLES LINDBERGH.

THE MAN FAMOUS FOR HIS 1927

NON-STOP SOLO FLIGHT FROM

NEW YORK TO PARIS LIVED IN MAUI

DURING THE LAST
YEARS OF HIS LIFE.

IN 1974, HE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH

LUNG CANCER, AND INFORMED THAT

HE HAD PERHAPS A WEEK TO LIVE.

RATHER THAN RECEIVE TREATMENT
STATESIDE THAT MIGHT PROLONG

HIS LIFE, LINDBERGH TOLD HIS DOCTOR
THAT HE WISHED TO DIE AT HOME.

"I WOULD RATHER SPEND TWO DAYS

ON MAUI," HE SAID, "THAN SPEND

TWO MONTHS ALIVE IN NEW YORK."

INLAND FROM LINDBERGH'S GRAVE IS

HALEAKALA, THE WORLD'S LARGEST

DORMANT VOLCANO.

ITS NAME MEANS
"HOUSE OF THE SUN," BECAUSE AT

DAWN, IT'S AS IF THE SUN RISES
FROM THE CRATER ITSELF.

THE CRATER IS 21 MILES IN
CIRCUMFERENCE, AND 3,000 FEET DEEP.

THE FEELING OF SOLITUDE AT THE
SUMMIT IS IMMENSE.

AFTER HIS VISIT HERE, MARK TWAIN

WROTE, "I FELT LIKE THE
LAST MAN ON EARTH.

NEGLECTED OF THE JUDGMENT AND

LEFT PINNACLED IN MID-HEAVEN, A

FORGOTTEN RELIC OF
A VANISHED WORLD."

TRAVELING WEST FROM MAUI,

THE ISLAND OF LANA'I
IS THE NEXT STOP.

LANA'I IS A PRIVATE ISLAND WITH

TWO EXCLUSIVE RESORTS.

SO EXCLUSIVE, THAT IN 1994, IT

WAS CHOSEN AS THE SITE OF ONE OF

THE MOST EXTRAVAGANTLY PRIVATE

WEDDINGS EVER.

EVERY HOTEL ROOM ON THE ISLAND

WAS RENTED AND KEPT EMPTY.

HELICOPTERS ON NEARBY ISLANDS

WERE PAID NOT TO FLY.

SECURITY WAS SO TIGHT THAT THE
ONLY PEOPLE ALLOWED ON THE

ISLAND WERE THE 100
OR SO WEDDING GUESTS.

THE COST?

IT DIDN'T MATTER; THE GROOM WAS

THE RICHEST MAN IN THE
WORLD, BILL GATES.

JUST A FEW MILES NORTH OF LANA'I

IS MOLOKA'I, A SMALL ISLAND OF
STUNNING BEAUTY.

THE SEA CLIFFS ON ITS
NORTH SHORE ARE THE HIGHEST IN

THE WORLD, RISING 2,000 TO
3,000 FEET ABOVE THE WAVES.

BUT BEHIND THE BEAUTY,

A FAR DIFFERENT STORY.

GRAVESTONES CROWD THE SHORELINE

OF WHAT ONCE WAS A
NOTORIOUS LEPER COLONY.

LEPROSY IS A CHRONIC INFECTIOUS

DISEASE THAT
DISFIGURES THE SKIN.

IN THE 1800S, PEOPLE WITH THE

DISEASE WERE EXILED
HERE BY THE GOVERNMENT.

THE LIVING CONDITIONS
WERE SAVAGE.

AS ONE OBSERVER PUT IT, "PREPARE

FOR MOLOKA'I AS FOR THE GRAVE."

BUT ONE MAN SET OUT
TO CHANGE THAT.

FOR 16 YEARS, A BELGIAN

MISSIONARY NAMED FATHER DAMIEN

CARED FOR THE SICK HERE.

HE CLEANED THEIR WOUNDS,

BUILT DECENT HOUSING, AND BURIED

THOUSANDS AS THEY SUCCUMBED TO

THEIR DISEASE.

FATHER DAMIEN EVENTUALLY

CONTRACTED LEPROSY HIMSELF.

HE DIED IN THE COLONY IN 1889,

AND IS BURIED ON THE GROUNDS OF

THIS CHURCH.

A CENTURY LATER, THE CATHOLIC
CHURCH BEATIFIED HIM, ONE STEP

FROM SAINTHOOD.

THE GRAVES ON MOLOKA'I BEAR

WITNESS TO HIS
EXTRAORDINARY LIFE.

PUSHING WEST, THE
ISLAND OF O'AHU.

IT MATERIALIZES OUT OF THE
PACIFIC, A LUSH GREEN VISION,

JUST 44 MILES LONG
AND 30 MILES WIDE.

BUT THEN, A STARTLING CONTRAST:

HONOLULU, THE STATE CAPITAL,

AND LARGEST CITY IN HAWAII.

DOWNTOWN HONOLULU IS CONSIDERED

ONE OF AMERICA'S PRETTIEST AND

MOST COMPACT CITIES.

MOST OF ITS FINANCIAL, BUSINESS

DISTRICT, AND RESIDENTIAL HIGH

RISES ARE ELEGANTLY SITUATED

WITHIN JUST 12 SQUARE BLOCKS.

BECAUSE IT'S SO ISOLATED, HAWAII

IS A SLAVE TO ITS ENERGY NEEDS.

IT GETS ABOUT 90 PERCENT OF

ITS ENERGY FROM IMPORTED OIL--

BUT CHANGE IS IN THE WIND.

THE STATE HAS COMMITTED TO GOING
GREEN, PRODUCING 70 PERCENT OF

THE ENERGY IT NEEDS
BY THE YEAR 2030.

THIS WINDMILL FARM, FOR

INSTANCE, IS TURNING WIND GUSTS

INTO ELECTRICITY.

A SINGLE WIND TURBINE CAN

GENERATE ENOUGH POWER TO PROVIDE

ELECTRICITY FOR
HUNDREDS OF HOMES.

ON O'AHU, RESEARCH IS UNDERWAY

TO MAKE RENEWABLE ENERGY USING

HAWAII'S OWN NATURAL RESOURCES--

SUCH AS PUMPING COOL OCEAN WATER

TO SUPPLY THE AIR CONDITIONING

FOR DOWNTOWN HONOLULU--

AND CONVERTING ALGAE INTO

BIODIESEL FUEL FOR
CARS AND TRUCKS.

HAWAII HAS BECOME A LIVING

LABORATORY FOR
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY.

WHILE TOURISM MAY BE O'AHU'S

NUMBER ONE CASH CROP, THESE

SPRAWLING PLANTATIONS MAKE A

CASE FOR PINEAPPLE
AS A CLOSE SECOND.

AROUND 1900, A MAN NAMED

JAMES DOLE CAME TO HAWAII,

DETERMINED TO START
A NEW BUSINESS.

INTRIGUED BY THE LOCAL
POPULARITY OF PINEAPPLES, DOLE

PURCHASED 60 ACRES HERE ON O'AHU
AND BEGAN GROWING THE FRUIT.

IN NO TIME, THIS CROP YIELD

MULTIPLIED, DEMAND GREW,

AND AN EMPIRE WAS BORN.

AT ITS HEIGHT, THE DOLE EMPIRE

PRODUCED ABOUT 250 MILLION

PINEAPPLES A YEAR.

WHEN IT COMES TO O'AHU, NO

DESTINATION ATTRACTS QUITE LIKE

A GIANT WALL OF WATER.

TWO OF THE BEST SURFING SPOTS

ON THE PLANET ARE HERE,

WAIKIKI AND THE NORTH SHORE, HOME
OF THE FAMOUS BONSAI PIPELINE.

THE HAWAIIAN SPORT OF SURFING IS

AT LEAST 1,000 YEARS OLD,

AND O'AHU IS AT ITS
HEART AND SOUL.

WHEN CAPTAIN COOK'S EXPEDITION
FIRST REACHED HAWAII IN 1778, AN

OFFICER DESCRIBED THE AMAZING

SIGHT OF MEN ON SURFBOARDS.

"THE BOLDNESS WITH WHICH WE SAW

THEM PERFORM THESE DIFFICULT AND

DANGEROUS MANEUVERS WAS

ALTOGETHER ASTONISHING AND IS

SCARCE TO BE BELIEVED."

SOME EARLY SURFERS USED THE

THICK PALM-LIKE LEAVES OF THE

BANANA PLANT TO RIDE THE WAVES.

THE STORY OF MODERN SURFING

BEGINS WITH A MAN NAMED

THE DUKE, DUKE KAHANAMOKU.

HE WAS A GOLD MEDAL SWIMMER AT

THE 1912 SUMMER OLYMPICS.

BUT PERHAPS HIS GREATEST LOVE
WAS SURFING, AND HIS SKILL WITH

HIS BOARD CAUGHT ON.

ONE OF HIS MOST FAMOUS EXPLOITS

IS THE DAY HE RODE A 30-FOOT

MONSTER WAVE OFF THE COAST OF
HONOLULU FOR ALMOST TWO MILES.

IT'S SAID THAT IN O'AHU, EVERY
SURFER ON EVERY WAVE RIDES WITH

THE SPIRIT OF THE DUKE.

HIGH ABOVE THE WAVES ON O'AHU'S
SOUTHERN SHORE LOOMS THE EXTINCT

ANCIENT VOLCANO: DIAMOND HEAD.

BRITISH SAILORS GAVE THE CRATER
ITS NAME WHEN THEY MISTOOK THE

CRYSTALS TWINKLING IN ITS LAVA
ROCK FOR DIAMONDS.

BUT THERE'S NO MISTAKING THE GLORIOUS
VIEW FROM ITS 760-FOOT SUMMIT.

WAIKIKI AND THE ENTIRE SOUTHERN SIDE
OF THE ISLAND ARE AT YOUR FEET.

BECAUSE OF THIS COMMANDING VIEW
OF THE PACIFIC, THE U.S.

MILITARY BOUGHT DIAMOND HEAD IN 1904,
NOT LONG AFTER HAWAII WAS ANNEXED.

THE ONCE-DEADLY VOLCANO BECAME A
HOME TO A MILITARY OBSERVATION

TOWER, AND A FOUR-LEVEL

UNDERGROUND COMMAND POST INSIDE

THE MOUTH OF THE CRATER.

DECEMBER 7, 1941.

SEVERAL MILES UP THE COAST FROM
WAIKIKI, JAPANESE AIRCRAFT

SWOOPED IN FOR THE KILL.

TORPEDO BOMBERS HIT FIRST

TARGETING THE BATTLESHIPS
ANCHORED IN THE HARBOR.

A SECOND WAVE OF DIVE BOMBERS ATTACKED U.S.
AIR BASES ACROSS O'AHU.

HUNDREDS OF AMERICAN AIRCRAFT
WERE DESTROYED OR DAMAGED

BEFORE PILOTS COULD EVEN GET
THEM OFF THE GROUND.

INCREDIBLY, THE DAMAGE TO
AMERICA'S PACIFIC FLEET COULD

HAVE BEEN FAR WORSE.

A THIRD WAVE OF JAPANESE AIR
ATTACKS HAD BEEN PLANNED.

THE TARGET?

THE FLEET'S ENORMOUS
FUEL STORAGE.

FORTUNATELY, THE JAPANESE
BELIEVED ENOUGH DAMAGE HAD BEEN

DONE, AND THE ATTACK
WAS CALLED OFF.

BECAUSE THE FUEL WAS SAVED,

THE U.S. FLEET WAS EVENTUALLY
ABLE TO MOBILIZE AND TAKE THE

WAR TO THE JAPANESE.

DURING THE TWO-HOUR ATTACK ON

PEARL HARBOR, 21 VESSELS
WERE DESTROYED.

WORST HIT WAS THE USS ARIZONA.

TODAY, THIS MEMORIAL PERCHES

ABOVE THE SHIP'S WATERY GRAVE.

NEARLY 1,200 YOUNG MEN DIED
ABOARD THE ARIZONA WHEN A BOMB

MADE A DIRECT HIT, IGNITING THE
SHIP'S FORWARD MAGAZINE.

THE SHIP SANK IN NINE MINUTES.

TODAY, THE USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL
IS THE NUMBER ONE DESTINATION

FOR TOURISTS VISITING O'AHU.

THE LAST OF THE EIGHT MAJOR
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS IS ALSO THE

OLDEST, KAUA'I.

THE ISLAND WAS BORN OF A VOLCANO

THAT RUPTURED FROM
THE OCEAN FLOOR--

ONLY TO BURN OUT AND BECOME

EXTINCT ABOUT FIVE
MILLION YEARS AGO.

THE SAME ERUPTION THAT RAISED
KAUA'I FROM THE ICY DEPTHS OF

THE PACIFIC ALSO CARVED THIS

INTO ITS HEART.

WAIMEA CANYON IS CALLED
THE GRAND CANYON OF THE PACIFIC.

IN POLYNESIAN MYTHOLOGY, THE
CANYON AND OTHER WONDERS ON THE

ISLAND OWE THEIR CREATION TO THE

HAWAIIAN FIRE GODDESS, PELE.

ACCORDING TO LEGEND, PELE
TRAVELED TO KAUA'I AND DUG INTO

THE EARTH, SEARCHING FOR A FIRE
PIT IN WHICH TO LIVE.

IT'S SAID THAT PELE TORE OPEN

THE EARTH AT WAIMEA CANYON BUT
FOUND ONLY WATER.

EVENTUALLY, SHE FLED KAUA'I AND
CONTINUED HER SEARCH FOR A HOME

ON THE OTHER ISLANDS
IN THE CHAIN.

BUT PERHAPS THERE'S MORE TO THE
MYTH THAN MEETS THE EYE.

RESEARCHERS HAVE NOTED THAT THE
SUPPOSED MOVEMENT OF THE FIRE

GODDESS FROM ISLAND TO ISLAND

JUST SO HAPPENS TO COINCIDE WITH
THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD OF

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY IN HAWAII.

LAST STOP ON KAUA'I IS ONE OF

THE WETTEST ENVIRONMENTS IN THE
WORLD MOUNT WAI'ALE'ALE.

AVERAGE RAINFALL HERE?

440 INCHES A YEAR.

SO MUCH WATER FLOWS THROUGH THE
MOUNTAIN THAT WATERFALLS ABOUND.

THIS 280-FOOT FALLS WAS

FAMOUSLY USED IN THE
FILM "JURASSIC PARK."

IT APPEARS WHEN A HELICOPTER
CARRYING SCIENTISTS FIRST LANDS

ON THE ISLAND.

LOCALS NOW JUST SIMPLY CALL IT
JURASSIC FALLS.

IT WAS DURING THE MAKING OF THAT
FILM THAT A FIERCE HURRICANE

SLAMMED INTO THE ISLAND.

PRODUCTION HALTED AS THE STORM
UNLEASHED ITS FURY.

THE CAST AND CREW
HUDDLED IN SAFETY--

BUT ACCORDING TO ONE REPORT,
DIRECTOR STEVEN SPIELBERG

COULDN'T RESIST THE OPPORTUNITY
TO CAPTURE SOME OF THE REAL

STORM FOR THE ONE
PORTRAYED IN THE FILM.

IT'S SAID THAT SPIELBERG TOOK A
CAMERA OPERATOR WITH HIM UP ON A

ROOF WHERE THEY FILMED THE
WIND-DRIVEN WAVES CRASHING OVER

A BREAKWATER.

THAT FOOTAGE APPEARS
IN THE MOVIE.

HAWAII BY AIR A STUNNING
JOURNEY, UNLIKE ANY

ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH.

A DAZZLING TRIP THROUGH TIME,

IMAGINATION, AND A
RAINBOW OF LIFE.

♪ OOOOO OOOOOO OHOOHOHOO ♪

♪ OOOOO OHOOOHOO OOOOHOO ♪

♪ OOOOO OHOOHOOO OOHOOOO ♪

♪ OOHOOO OOHOOOHO OOOOHO ♪

♪ SOMEWHERE OVER THE RAINBOW ♪

♪ WAY UP HIGH ♪

♪ AND THE DREAMS THAT
YOU DREAMED OF ♪

♪ ONCE IN A LULLABY II II III ♪

♪ SOMEWHERE OVER THE RAINBOW ♪

♪ BLUE BIRDS FLY ♪

♪ AND THE DREAMS THAT
YOU DREAMED OF ♪

♪ DREAMS REALLY DO COME TRUE ♪

♪ OHH OHHH ♪

♪ SOME DAY I'LL
WISH UPON A STAR ♪

♪ WAKE UP WHERE THE CLOUDS ARE

FAR BEHIND ME EE EE EEH ♪

♪ WHERE TROUBLE MELTS
LIKE LEMON DROPS ♪

♪ HIGH ABOVE THE CHIMNEY TOPS ♪

♪ THAT'S WHERE
YOU'LL FIND ME OH ♪

♪ SOMEWHERE OVER THE RAINBOW ♪

♪ BLUEBIRDS FLY ♪

♪ AND THE DREAMS
THAT YOU DARE TO ♪

♪ WHY OH WHY CAN'T I? I II ♪

♪ SOME DAY I'LL
WISH UPON A STAR ♪

♪ WAKE UP WHERE THE CLOUDS

ARE FAR BEHIND ME ♪

♪ WHERE TROUBLE MELTS
LIKE LEMON DROPS ♪

♪ HIGH ABOVE THE CHIMNEY TOP ♪

♪ THAT'S WHERE YOU'LL FIND ME ♪

♪ OH SOMEWHERE
OVER THE RAINBOW ♪

♪ WAY UP HIGH ♪

♪ AND THE DREAM
THAT YOU DARE TO ♪

♪ WHY OH WHY CAN'T I? I HIII ♪

♪ OOOOO OOOOOO OOOOOO ♪

♪ OOOOO OOOOOO OOOOOO ♪

♪ OOOOO OOOOOO OOOOOO ♪
♪ OOOOO OOOOOO OOOOOO ♪