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MARSHA is our proposal for a Martian surface habitat.
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It’s born of a careful response to the Martian environment
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and a synergy between structural, architectural and construction principles
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with human experience at the center.
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The first task for any Martian home is to hold an Earth-like atmosphere.
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A simple trade study of spatial and material efficiency shows
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that a vertically oriented cylinder
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is the best formal basis for a surface habitat.
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Apart from being highly effective pressure vessels,
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they provide the greatest ratios of usable floor area to surface area.
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and usable floor area to volume and diameter.
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Reducing surface area means using less material under less stress,
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Reducing volume means reducing energy loads on mechanical systems.
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And reducing diameter directly reduces structural stresses,
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especially at the base, where uplift forces
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will require anchorage into uncertain ground.
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Unlike domes,
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they do not produce unusable overhead volume
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or unusable perimeter floor area.
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Therefore, the most direct way to reduce structural loading
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and maximize usable space
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is to reduce the diameter and add space vertically.
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This configuration also lends itself exceptionally well
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to joining and separating mission activities in a meaningful way by level;
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avoiding the need to divide one large area
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into lots of small, confined spaces.
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Finally,
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vertical cylinders are also inherently the most printable pressure vessel
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and their resulting smaller footprint aids in construction
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by reducing the printer’s required range of mobility.
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Apart from pressurization,
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Mars’ drastic thermal swings means that
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any structure not allowed to expand and contract will fail.
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Our solution to this is two-fold:
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At the ground, we render the shell and its base as a single structure
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- a flanged shell -
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that moves on sliding bearings at its contact with the ground
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while clamps and soil anchors secure the flange against uplift.
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And inside we separated the pressure vessel from the habitable area entirely;
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resulting in a double shell system with many architectural uses.
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Since it does not hold an atmosphere,
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the inner shell is free to be light, airy and highly mass-optimized.
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By way of the large water-filled skylight and intermittent windows,
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the space between these two shells acts as a light-well
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connecting every level with diffuse natural light
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and circadian lighting.
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This unique space allows for a stair to arc gently from floor to floor
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using support from the shell itself.
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Being printed,
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it offers infinite possibilities for integrated ducting
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for routing air flow to where it’s needed -
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moving central clean air from top to bottom,
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with local climate control per level.
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It also provides constant access for maintenance and repair of the wall.
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Finally, it’s an interesting space that adds dimension to daily life.
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Indeed, missions present stresses and challenges
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that can’t be solved at the operational level
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and must be addressed spatially.
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The layout must reflect the strict flow of tasks typical of Space missions.
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But since sustained social and mental health are also mission critical,
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habitats should offer elements of surprise and literal room
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for the crew to slip outside of an overly prescriptive existence.
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Marsha's layout is zoned with both of these principles in mind.
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At ground level, the “garage”
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is the interface with external systems and explorative activities
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with a supporting wet lab.
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Just above, is 34 square meters of joint dry lab and kitchen
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acting as the main hub.
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On the third level are the individual cabins,
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sanitation pod,
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and hydroponic garden.
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And at the top,
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the bright “skyroom”
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is dedicated to informal recreational uses and exercise.
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Each level has at least 1 window
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which, together, cover the full 360° panorama.
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In this alien environment,
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construction sequence and materials must be rethought entirely.
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We’re formulating a material specifically for 3D-printing on Mars:
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Basalt fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA).
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PLA is a strong thermoplastic that is not only mission-recyclable
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like other plastics
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but mission-renewable
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using bioreactors fueled by mission waste.
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It also has among the lowest coefficients of thermal expansion among plastics -
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crucial to achieving composite action with chopped basalt fiber,
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which is added for tensile strength
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Basalt fiber, produced from local rock,
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is also among the most effective insulators known.
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Marsha is printed in successive layers
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tied together with continuous pours through integrated voids
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granting true structural orthotropy.
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