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DOCUMENTARY CONTAINS LOTS OF LIES ABOUT
NAZIS, OUT OF CONTEXT QUOTING AND ETC.
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WARNING! THIS DOCUMENTARY LANGUAGE
USAGE IS VERY BIASED.
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When Hitler became dictator of Germany,
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00:00:17,380 --> 00:00:21,853
he applied what he wrote
in his book �Mein Kampf�:
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�A stronger race will drive out the week
races for the vital urge crushes the weak
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to make room for the strong�.�
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In the series
APOCALYPSE
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HITLER
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How did Hitler manage to take power and
become the supreme leader the Fuehrer?
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2/2
THE FUHRER
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Nuremberg, 1929,
the Nazi party Congress is the real beginning
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of what German playwright Berthold Brecht will
call �the resistible rise of Adolf Hitler�.
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The devastating new economic crisis,
originating in the United States,
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has caused havoc throughout the
world, particularly in Germany.
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One after the other
factories closes their doors
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and the number of unemployed reaches
the astounding figure of 6 million.
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Out of despair, many Germans turned
to the Nazis or to the Communists,
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who also have their paramilitary
troops, complete with uniforms.
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Communists and Nazis clash violently
in all the elections that follow.
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Hitler provokes disorder,
while at the same time,
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claiming to be the only man
capable of stopping it.
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This tactic of blackmail
proves effective.
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Hitler rallies the small business
owners and homeowners to his cause
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by denouncing the threat of the red
plague, the egalitarian Marxists,
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who also strike fear into
the hearts of the peasantry.
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The result is astonishing.
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100 elected Nazis enter the Reichstag,
the German Parliament.
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Hitler is now the leader of the
country's second political party,
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after the Social Democrats.
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Yet the upper classes, who despise
Hitler, aren't particularly worried.
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00:03:34,481 --> 00:03:40,258
Stephan Zweig wrote: �To them, power had
always been the preserve of the bearings,
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the princes and those with
a university education�.
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�Nothing blinded the German intellectuals
as much as pride in their culture�.
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And in the meantime,
Hitler's rise continues.
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In just a year, he comes to dominate
the extreme right in Germany;
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Veterans associations,
such as the Steel Helmets,
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with a 1,5 million members,
will have to obey his orders.
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Behind his domineering posturing,
Hitler hides a terrible secret.
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He has just emerged from the scandal,
which might've finished him.
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Rumors of a personal drama
circulate in the press.
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He had conceived a passion for his
own niece Geli Raubal, aged 23.
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He loved her irrationally, possessively.
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She has just committed suicide. She was
living with him in his Munich apartment.
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00:04:56,961 --> 00:05:00,998
She confided to a friend:
�My uncle is a monster,
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no one could imagine, what he demands of me�.
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She wanted to leave him
and now she is dead.
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A press campaign is launched against him,
accusing him of sexual perversion
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and even of having Geli murdered.
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Extremely depressed,
Hitler threatens to kill himself as well.
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His worried entourage decides to act.
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His photographer, Heinrich Hoffman,
introduced him to one of his secretaries.
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She resembles Geli, her name is Eva Braun.
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She�s 19 and already quite worldly,
she fits the bill.
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She�s captivated by the Nazi
party leader�s popularity.
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Hitler will make her
his new shadow mistress.
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He declares himself
"A bachelor married to Germany",
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to gain the sympathy of female voters.
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00:06:05,192 --> 00:06:09,737
German women already have the right to
vote thanks to the feminist movement.
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00:06:13,989 --> 00:06:17,328
Eva Brown is above all
the sports enthusiast.
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She dreams of becoming an actress and
starring in Tarzan movies in Hollywood.
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At her side, Hitler recovers his
combativeness as political animal, at a time,
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when the end of the mandate of Germany's
president Hindenburg is drawing near.
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Hitler is among the candidates
to succeed him in 1932.
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00:06:41,719 --> 00:06:45,461
Hardly 10 years after his
attempted putsch and incarceration
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Hitler is on the verge of
becoming president of Germany.
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Germans are subjected to an
intensive poster campaign.
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00:06:58,229 --> 00:07:04,048
Nazi propaganda Chief Joseph
Goebbels says: �Let us be grandiose�.
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He devises an ultramodern election
campaign, using airplanes, a European first.
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The largest commercial plane of the time
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is provided by the director
of Lufthansa Airlines,
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who isn't adverse to this
free advertising opportunity.
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Hitler, wearing leather helmet,
sets off on a tour of some 100 German towns,
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where he can gauge his popularity.
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His pilot Hans Bauer recalled:
�We flew in all kinds of weather,
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even in storms,
canceling a rally was out of the question�.
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People ended by losing
their fear of flying.
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Hans Bauer's conclusion: �Hitler contributed
to the expansion of air-traffic�.
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00:08:01,112 --> 00:08:05,592
Goebbels invents the slogan:
�The Fuehrer above Germany�.
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00:08:06,468 --> 00:08:11,357
He forges the myth of Hitler, the supreme
Savior, during these aerial hustings,
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carefully filmed and then
projected all over the country.
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But Goebbels cannot relax yet,
the campaign costs a lot
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and the industrial barons are still
wary of Hitler's violent methods.
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The Nazis must charge everyone who comes to
listen to Hitler the equivalent of one euro.
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This doesn't discourage them,
on the contrary.
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A witness, Fridolin von Spaun,
describes his reaction:
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�I suddenly felt Hitler's eyes on me and
it affected me for the rest of my life�.
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A week before the presidential elections,
Hitler brings together 100,000 Berliners,
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sick of the traditional parties,
who seem incapable of facing the crisis.
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20-year-old Jutta R�diger is in the crowd:
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�I can't explain the state that
unemployment plunged us into,
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we really thought that Hitler alone
could get us out of that misery�.
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No one talks about
the tens of thousands of people
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who asphyxiate themselves
each year
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out of despair.
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With his pseudo-social discourse,
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Hitler becomes a serious
candidate for the presidency,
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the press have a field day.
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On the right, Hitler is seen as the
prototype of the political adventurer.
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00:10:05,546 --> 00:10:09,459
On the left,
the insults are more personal.
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Hitler is described as a pansy,
a half mad cheater of an charlatan,
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a fake tough guy with
a rhinoceros # riding crop.
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00:10:23,473 --> 00:10:28,225
The outgoing president, marshal Hindenburg,
although a reactionary monarchist
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is supported by the left.
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00:10:32,751 --> 00:10:36,885
This paradox reflects the
growing danger of Hitler's rise
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as his hammered home by his most determined
opponent, Social Democrat leader Otto Wels.
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We must lose no more time.
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We must have only one idea,
only one objective:
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To defeat fascism
until it is completely wiped out!
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Fight for the Republic,
for freedom and for the workers!
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April 10th, 1932,
the verdict is announced.
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Hitler will not be president.
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13 million Germans have voted for him,
a third of the electorate.
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It is enormous, but it isn't enough.
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00:11:29,585 --> 00:11:33,143
Hindenburg, reelected,
thanks to the Social Democrats,
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wants to be free of his dependence on him.
He instigates a new election.
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00:11:40,917 --> 00:11:46,018
And Hitler continuing his resistible rise,
starts campaigning again.
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00:11:49,754 --> 00:11:54,234
As he gives five speeches a day,
his entourage is a reeling.
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00:11:54,896 --> 00:11:58,211
One of his intimate says:
�We were like seconds,
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who have to get their boxer back into shape,
between rounds�.
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00:12:02,778 --> 00:12:08,437
But Hitler feeds of the crowds.
He is carried away by his own words.
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Our opponents think we are
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- and me in particular -
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intolerant, unbearable beings.
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00:12:20,221 --> 00:12:24,957
They criticize us for refusing to
cooperate with the other parties.
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Well, those people are right:
we are intolerant!
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My goal
is to suppress all the parties!
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00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:43,486
For Hitler, the first party to eliminate
in the 1932 election campaign,
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is the Communist Party.
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00:12:46,572 --> 00:12:51,800
The Stormtroopers are given the task,
they are now 400,000 strong.
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They finance themselves, paying for
their own uniforms and equipment.
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00:12:56,984 --> 00:13:02,201
One of them, Wolf Teubert,
works in a delicatessen in Hamburg.
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He is ready to join his motorized
unit at a moment�s notice.
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00:13:08,199 --> 00:13:13,239
He states: �I had only one thought;
to risk my life for Germany�.
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�The humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles
had made me a passionate defender of Hitler�.
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�There was companionship solidarity
and pride in wearing a uniform".
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00:13:33,271 --> 00:13:37,241
"We, who were ashamed of having been too
young to have fought in the Great War,
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took advantage of our elder�s experience�.
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Goebbels concocts
an idol to inspire them.
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00:13:48,855 --> 00:13:53,976
Horst Wessel, a petty crook from Berlin who
became the leader of an assault brigade,
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killed by the Communists a year earlier.
He was made the Nazis token martyr.
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00:14:03,715 --> 00:14:06,548
Speaking at his elaborate funeral ceremony,
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Goebbels had compared this
man sacrifice to Christ's.
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00:14:13,377 --> 00:14:19,300
He had these images filmed to depict Nazism
as a devotional practice like Christianity.
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00:14:21,613 --> 00:14:27,171
He had original music commission, for what he
called "The Last Poem of the Dead SA Member"
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and made it the official
anthem of the Nazi party.
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00:14:30,692 --> 00:14:37,037
�The Horst-Wessel-Lied�, the song of
Horst Wessel, the credo of violence.
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Soon will fly Hitler-flags over every street;
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Slavery will last only a short time longer.
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00:14:52,541 --> 00:14:59,441
Comrades shot by the red front and reaction
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march in spirit with us in our ranks.
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00:15:13,330 --> 00:15:16,757
�The Red Front� are the Communist militia's.
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They always where workers
caps and Russian blouses.
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00:15:24,291 --> 00:15:30,738
All these militants; men and women
are inspired by their ideals.
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They too have their combat songs.
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Left, Left, Left
Let's beat the drum
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Let's give the enemy
a pulverizing blow
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Let's put dynamite
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Under bottoms of the bourgeois!
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The Fascist menace
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Grows on the horizon
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Proletarians, to arms!
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Red Front, Red Front.
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00:16:10,286 --> 00:16:15,155
July 1932, the bloodiest summer
of the election campaign.
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00:16:16,112 --> 00:16:19,398
The SA Stormtroopers,
with the complicity of the police,
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provoke street battles with the Communists.
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00:16:22,006 --> 00:16:26,985
100 dead and 1000 wounded,
is the toll among the Communists.
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00:16:30,251 --> 00:16:34,602
Many Germans, exhausted by the disorder
and the government's powerlessness,
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00:16:34,666 --> 00:16:37,707
approve of the Nazis violent acts.
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00:16:38,247 --> 00:16:42,622
The result;
230 Nazis elected to parliament.
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00:16:45,267 --> 00:16:49,565
Hitler is now head of the country's
strongest political party.
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Power is within his
reach for the first time.
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Quickly, however,
euphoria gives way to disappointment.
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00:17:08,810 --> 00:17:13,695
President Hindenburg refuses to name
him Chancellor, head of the government.
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Hindenburg tells Hitler: �Before God,
my conscience, and the Fatherland;
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I cannot hand over power to a party,
as intolerant as yours�.
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00:17:29,894 --> 00:17:34,140
Nevertheless, Hindenburg offers
him a role in the government.
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But Hitler doesn't consider
himself an ordinary politician,
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seeking a ministerial position.
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00:17:41,774 --> 00:17:47,416
He wants all the power
to establish a totalitarian state.
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00:17:48,635 --> 00:17:53,240
In a few weeks, Goebbels,
the head of the vast Nazi parliamentary group,
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succeeds and paralyzing democratic procedure;
no majority can be formed.
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Now, Goebbels, smiling the malicious
smile of this evil deed, announces:
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�It's high time to dissolve this assembly
which no longer reflects
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00:18:07,721 --> 00:18:10,221
the will of the people�.
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00:18:17,432 --> 00:18:20,853
Another election has to be called,
the third within a year,
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00:18:20,917 --> 00:18:25,357
it will take place in November. Hitler
sees it as another chance to make gains.
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I had the energy and the tenacity
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to turn a thousand followers
from the beginning
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00:18:33,581 --> 00:18:37,317
into fourteen million voters,
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00:18:37,381 --> 00:18:43,581
and I'll raise them to twenty,
then to thirty million!
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00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:53,448
The elections results are the
crushing disappointment for Hitler.
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00:18:53,766 --> 00:18:58,498
Surrounded by his personal SS cards,
he broods over his failure.
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00:18:59,670 --> 00:19:03,540
He has lost 2 million
voters and 40 seats.
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00:19:08,827 --> 00:19:14,209
Goebbels says: �We've had a setback,
Hitler refused to enter the government,
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00:19:14,273 --> 00:19:16,939
and the voters didn't understand why�.
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00:19:17,448 --> 00:19:21,072
With bitterness,
Goebbels reads the foreign press reports.
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00:19:21,184 --> 00:19:26,171
The London Daily Herald writes:
�Hitler as a political force is dead�.�
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00:19:27,512 --> 00:19:32,368
The French daily "Le Populaire",
edited by eminent socialist L�on Blum,
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00:19:32,432 --> 00:19:35,892
headlines an article �The end of Hitler�.
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00:19:36,466 --> 00:19:39,376
But no, three months later,
Hindenburg,
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00:19:39,440 --> 00:19:42,609
still facing the impossibility
of forming a majority,
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finally names Hitler Chancellor of Germany.
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00:19:56,206 --> 00:20:00,233
A student in Berlin,
Sebastian Haffner, writes:
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00:20:02,130 --> 00:20:05,614
�I've just heard the news,
I'm frozen with terror,
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00:20:05,719 --> 00:20:09,071
for an instant,
I can physically smell blood and mud".
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00:20:09,135 --> 00:20:13,525
"I see something dangerous,
like the big dirty paw of a predatory animal,
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00:20:13,589 --> 00:20:16,361
raking its claws over my face�.
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00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:23,537
To achieve his end,
the wolf disguises himself as a lamb.
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00:20:24,301 --> 00:20:30,820
Hitler reassures Hindenburg, by asking for
only two ministerial portfolios for the Nazis.
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00:20:31,482 --> 00:20:36,702
The minister of the interior would be a
Munich policeman, named Wilhelm Frick,
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00:20:38,626 --> 00:20:44,843
with Hermann G�ring at his side also to
control the police; two key positions.
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00:20:48,921 --> 00:20:51,695
Hitler advances by subterfuges.
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00:20:52,274 --> 00:20:56,254
His aim is to show that the most
important ministerial positions
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00:20:56,318 --> 00:21:01,351
have gone to a conservative Franz von Papen,
a former Chancellor,
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00:21:01,988 --> 00:21:06,788
and to the strongman of the
extreme right Alfred Hugenberg,
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00:21:06,852 --> 00:21:12,643
minister of the economy and agriculture,
an aggressive and authoritarian hardliner.
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00:21:16,889 --> 00:21:21,070
Hitler call�s his government
�The cabinet of national concentration�,
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00:21:21,134 --> 00:21:23,759
to make it sound like a nationalist coalition,
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00:21:23,823 --> 00:21:26,473
rather than a predominantly Nazi government.
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00:21:27,511 --> 00:21:32,311
This very reactionary body
believes it can control Hitler.
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00:21:39,201 --> 00:21:45,441
Von Papen makes a costly mistake when he
says to Hugenberg: �Hitler is our man�.
223
00:21:45,632 --> 00:21:49,981
To which Hugenberg replies:
�We oversee him�.
224
00:21:51,975 --> 00:21:55,353
That very evening, January 30, 1933,
225
00:21:55,417 --> 00:21:58,788
in Berlin and all the
other large German cities,
226
00:21:58,852 --> 00:22:02,807
Goebbels organizes a torchlight parade
of the Steel Helmet veteran group,
227
00:22:02,871 --> 00:22:07,272
the SS and prominently the SA Stormtroopers.
228
00:22:13,848 --> 00:22:17,021
Goebbels declares that 1 million
people marched in the parade.
229
00:22:17,085 --> 00:22:21,629
But the British military attach� estimates
them in less than 15,000 marchers,
230
00:22:21,693 --> 00:22:25,779
made to go around in circles
for hours by Goebbels.
231
00:22:27,549 --> 00:22:31,350
They pass under the windows of the
85-year-old President Hindenburg,
232
00:22:31,414 --> 00:22:36,817
who, believing himself in Verdun,
in 1916, says to his aid:
233
00:22:37,095 --> 00:22:40,763
�Our men are parading well,
they've taken many prisoners�.
234
00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:48,668
Hitler, at the chancellery,
receives a frenzy tribute.
235
00:22:50,467 --> 00:22:56,831
Luise Solmitz, a Berlin school teacher,
says: �It was drunkenness without wine�.
236
00:22:57,410 --> 00:23:01,965
She adds: �I heard people
shouting "Death to the Jews!".
237
00:23:02,029 --> 00:23:04,674
"Jewish blood will gush under the knife�.
238
00:23:05,936 --> 00:23:09,946
Goebbels concludes:
�It's like a fairytale�.
239
00:23:14,638 --> 00:23:19,504
At the Berlin Sports Palace, Hitler
delivers his first speech as Chancellor.
240
00:23:21,781 --> 00:23:26,595
What is Hitler's plan?
Absolute power but by stages.
241
00:23:27,629 --> 00:23:32,333
There are still 200 Communists and
Social Democrats in the Reichstag.
242
00:23:33,284 --> 00:23:39,073
Therefore, Hitler's first move is to
dissolve parliament and call new elections.
243
00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:46,254
His speech, broadcast on radio, is an appeal
to all voters, even those on the left.
244
00:23:46,861 --> 00:23:53,181
I am convinced
that the time is coming
245
00:23:54,981 --> 00:23:58,397
when those millions of people
who condemn us
246
00:23:58,461 --> 00:24:02,837
will join our ranks and hail with us
what we have created
247
00:24:02,901 --> 00:24:06,277
and gained through so much effort:
248
00:24:06,341 --> 00:24:09,901
this new German Reich,
249
00:24:10,021 --> 00:24:14,901
this Reich of greatness,
honour, and strength.
250
00:24:23,491 --> 00:24:29,874
With this, relatively conciliatory speech,
Hitler continues to advance, wearing a mask.
251
00:24:30,164 --> 00:24:34,352
Goebbels, however, wants to clarify
matters by returning to the fundamentals;
252
00:24:34,416 --> 00:24:38,521
anti-Semitism and violence
for the Nazi voter�s baits.
253
00:24:41,301 --> 00:24:46,917
If the Jewish newspapers think
they can intimidate us
254
00:24:46,981 --> 00:24:51,541
with their hidden threats,
they'd better watch out!
255
00:24:52,101 --> 00:24:55,397
Our patience has its limits.
256
00:24:55,461 --> 00:25:00,541
One day, we'll shut
their dirty, lying Jewish mouths!
257
00:25:16,221 --> 00:25:21,757
Members of the Party and the SA,
don't worry!
258
00:25:21,821 --> 00:25:28,381
The end of the Red Terror
is closer than you think.
259
00:25:29,621 --> 00:25:33,357
Communists,
260
00:25:33,421 --> 00:25:37,621
expect to get the worst drubbing
you've ever had!
261
00:25:42,727 --> 00:25:45,948
Only two weeks later,
in Berlin, the Great Reichstag,
262
00:25:46,012 --> 00:25:49,476
the German Parliament building,
burns down in the night.
263
00:25:51,195 --> 00:25:54,973
Nothing remains of this powerful
symbol of German democracy.
264
00:26:02,861 --> 00:26:05,933
The investigation,
carried out by the police under G�ring,
265
00:26:05,997 --> 00:26:11,102
incriminates the 24-year-old Dutch communist,
named Marinus van der Lubbe,
266
00:26:11,166 --> 00:26:14,243
suspected of a heavy record of arson.
267
00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:18,176
Quickly found guilty, he is guillotined.
268
00:26:19,501 --> 00:26:22,001
Who will profit from this crime?
269
00:26:23,215 --> 00:26:25,715
The Nazis.
270
00:26:27,247 --> 00:26:30,616
Hitler and G�ring raised
the specter of a red plot.
271
00:26:35,839 --> 00:26:40,777
G�ring has 4,000 Communists arrested,
including the leaders.
272
00:26:44,453 --> 00:26:47,735
But the Communist Party
isn't outlawed yet.
273
00:26:48,900 --> 00:26:54,157
For Hitler wishes to maintain the appearance
of legality for the legislative elections,
274
00:26:54,221 --> 00:26:57,281
which he expects will consolidate his power.
275
00:27:05,362 --> 00:27:09,565
The Germans, fed up with
election campaigns and disorder,
276
00:27:09,629 --> 00:27:13,094
see renewed action by the
Stormtroopers throughout the country
277
00:27:13,499 --> 00:27:18,251
to protect the population from
communist attacks as a Nazis put it.
278
00:27:21,761 --> 00:27:25,807
There are over 1 million Stormtroopers,
now armed.
279
00:27:25,871 --> 00:27:29,139
They have the status of
auxiliary police officers.
280
00:27:29,203 --> 00:27:31,663
All over Germany,
they take up positions
281
00:27:31,727 --> 00:27:35,746
in front of the headquarters
of leftist parties and workers unions.
282
00:27:39,213 --> 00:27:44,421
Again, they will foment violence, while
Hitler continues to play the electoral card
283
00:27:44,485 --> 00:27:48,602
to reassure in increasing the
exhausted President Hindenburg.
284
00:27:58,427 --> 00:28:03,735
G�ring, menacing in his Gothic style armchair,
fingering his dagger,
285
00:28:03,799 --> 00:28:07,448
gives his doctored version
of the election outcome.
286
00:28:10,461 --> 00:28:14,717
March 5th
marks an immense victory
287
00:28:14,781 --> 00:28:17,797
for a man and for a movement.
288
00:28:17,861 --> 00:28:20,717
The Winner is Adolf Hitler,
289
00:28:20,781 --> 00:28:24,037
and the movement
is National Socialism.
290
00:28:24,101 --> 00:28:29,981
And these two form only one with
the People and the German Reich!
291
00:28:30,566 --> 00:28:35,116
In reality, Hitler and his coalition
barely win the majority,
292
00:28:35,242 --> 00:28:39,150
even with all his propaganda
and intimidation by the SA.
293
00:28:39,214 --> 00:28:44,349
Hitler hasn't stopped the Communists
from obtaining 12% of the votes.
294
00:28:46,305 --> 00:28:49,657
At this point, Hitler tears off his mask
295
00:28:49,721 --> 00:28:54,583
and enters the realm of illegality
with his government's complicity.
296
00:28:54,823 --> 00:28:59,463
He invalidates the election of the Communist
parliamentarians and has them arrested
297
00:28:59,527 --> 00:29:03,185
and sent to the concentration
camps of Oranienburg, near Berlin,
298
00:29:03,249 --> 00:29:07,264
and Dachau, near Munich,
which of just been set up by the Nazis.
299
00:29:11,209 --> 00:29:16,491
These are the first of the 16 camps
that opened in the year 1933 alone.
300
00:29:16,742 --> 00:29:22,634
The number of political prisoners rises to
100,000 during the first months of the regime.
301
00:29:23,156 --> 00:29:26,305
Communist student Claus Bastian recalls:
302
00:29:27,226 --> 00:29:30,910
�The guards whip the prisoners and
pushed us into freezing water".
303
00:29:30,974 --> 00:29:34,658
"We always feared for our
lives night and day�.
304
00:29:36,351 --> 00:29:41,154
The Nazi version is that these
parliamentarians, senior civil servants,
305
00:29:41,218 --> 00:29:45,018
and union leaders are being reeducated.
306
00:29:49,909 --> 00:29:54,028
The baleful shadow
of dictatorship spreads over Germany.
307
00:29:55,578 --> 00:29:58,477
Since the Reichstag has burned, Hitler stages,
308
00:29:58,541 --> 00:30:01,181
the new parliament is in
the Royal Opera house,
309
00:30:01,245 --> 00:30:05,942
surrounded by the SA and
demands unlimited powers.
310
00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:11,542
The Communist members are gone,
most of them to the camps.
311
00:30:11,794 --> 00:30:16,877
The 94 Social Democrats were still present,
some had the courage to vote against Hitler.
312
00:30:17,537 --> 00:30:22,997
They too will be arrested and sent to
the camps or forced to flee the country.
313
00:30:24,931 --> 00:30:28,524
441 members from the extreme
right to the Catholic center,
314
00:30:28,588 --> 00:30:33,902
listen to Hitler's long rambling speech,
intended to bolster the people's allusions.
315
00:30:34,198 --> 00:30:37,827
As always, he promises the earth,
the end of unemployment,
316
00:30:37,891 --> 00:30:42,981
relieve the peasant farmers,
respect to the law, and above all � peace.
317
00:30:45,601 --> 00:30:52,247
The assembly votes its own demise by
granting Hitler full powers for four years.
318
00:30:58,311 --> 00:31:02,870
No longer can President Hindenburg
contest the Chancellor's decisions.
319
00:31:03,527 --> 00:31:08,160
To the sound of cheers,
democracy dies in Germany.
320
00:31:13,327 --> 00:31:17,598
The fact that Hitler,
whose power is based on anti-Semitism,
321
00:31:17,662 --> 00:31:21,866
now leads one of the world's most
advanced industrialized countries,
322
00:31:21,930 --> 00:31:24,618
is seen as a universal threat.
323
00:31:27,582 --> 00:31:32,384
All over the world, anti-Hitler
demonstrations, like this one in New York,
324
00:31:32,448 --> 00:31:34,948
protest against his barbarity.
325
00:31:38,388 --> 00:31:40,888
His obscurantism
326
00:31:43,362 --> 00:31:45,862
and his anti-Semitism
327
00:31:48,190 --> 00:31:52,363
all call
for a worldwide boycott of German products.
328
00:31:53,853 --> 00:31:59,934
To dissuade them, Hitler orders a daylong
boycott of Jewish-owned stores in Germany,
329
00:31:59,998 --> 00:32:02,498
meant as a warning.
330
00:32:08,276 --> 00:32:11,386
In amateur filmmaker,
with the assistance of his wife,
331
00:32:11,450 --> 00:32:16,773
tests the determination of the Nazis,
posted in front of Jewish-owned businesses.
332
00:32:38,898 --> 00:32:42,849
Jews in Germany are horrified
to see SA posters that read
333
00:32:44,264 --> 00:32:48,199
�Not a penny for Jewish capitalism by German�
334
00:32:48,446 --> 00:32:51,657
and �The Jews are the cause of our downfall�.
335
00:32:54,164 --> 00:32:56,664
It�s the beginning of the persecution.
336
00:32:57,337 --> 00:33:01,793
Edwin Landau,
owner of a large store in East Prussia writes,
337
00:33:01,857 --> 00:33:07,009
before emigrating to Palestine with
his family: "I changed completely".
338
00:33:07,073 --> 00:33:10,272
"In the space of a few hours,
this country, and its people,
339
00:33:10,336 --> 00:33:14,982
whom I have respected and loved until then,
had suddenly become my enemies".
340
00:33:15,550 --> 00:33:19,892
"I was no longer German,
or no longer had the right to be German".
341
00:33:20,053 --> 00:33:23,191
"I was ashamed of having once
belonged to that nation".
342
00:33:23,255 --> 00:33:26,574
"I was ashamed of the trust I
had held in so many people,
343
00:33:26,638 --> 00:33:31,516
who now remove their masks,
to reveal themselves as my enemies�.
344
00:33:43,845 --> 00:33:47,070
Anti-Semitism had
contaminated the universities.
345
00:33:47,134 --> 00:33:51,659
Nazism is perverting people's minds,
turning them against modern culture;
346
00:33:51,723 --> 00:33:55,081
imposing an intolerant sectarian ideology
347
00:33:55,145 --> 00:33:59,029
that will lead the students
themselves to burn books.
348
00:34:00,476 --> 00:34:05,523
With the help of schoolchildren and directed
by Stormtroopers, all over the country,
349
00:34:05,692 --> 00:34:09,556
they gather works from libraries,
bookstores, and publishing houses
350
00:34:09,620 --> 00:34:14,156
that reflect what Hitler terms
in an un-German spirit.
351
00:34:17,646 --> 00:34:22,338
On the Nazi blacklist are authors -
Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud,
352
00:34:22,402 --> 00:34:27,569
Stefan Zweig, and 300 others,
mainly Jewish or communist writers.
353
00:34:27,999 --> 00:34:33,689
12,000 titles are condemned,
hundreds of thousands of copies must be burnt
354
00:34:33,753 --> 00:34:36,911
and the Stormtroopers prepare the pyres.
355
00:34:41,892 --> 00:34:45,287
In a radio broadcast from
Berlin's Opera Square,
356
00:34:45,660 --> 00:34:49,626
Goebbels reads out the sermon of
the black mass for an auto-da-f�,
357
00:34:49,690 --> 00:34:51,917
straight out of the dark ages.
358
00:34:51,981 --> 00:34:54,481
My fellow students,
359
00:34:56,163 --> 00:34:58,663
German men and women,
360
00:35:00,144 --> 00:35:06,875
the era of exaggerated Jewish
intellectualism is now at an end.
361
00:35:07,728 --> 00:35:12,204
The triumph of the German revolution
362
00:35:12,268 --> 00:35:17,144
has cleared path for the German way.
363
00:35:24,386 --> 00:35:29,952
Young Berliner, Dorothea G�nther, is present
at the auto-da-f� in the Nazi ritual,
364
00:35:30,223 --> 00:35:34,172
for a description of the scene:
�The SA and the students
365
00:35:34,236 --> 00:35:37,219
shouted out the books title
and its author's name�.
366
00:35:37,589 --> 00:35:42,537
"They stated: �If the author was Jewish, a
pacifist, a feminist, or simply a modernist,
367
00:35:42,601 --> 00:35:49,372
they would recite: �We can sign you to the
fire, and would throw it into the flames�."
368
00:35:51,615 --> 00:35:54,830
�I was dumbfounded and deeply outraged,
369
00:35:55,256 --> 00:35:59,560
since we had read and discussed many of
the works that ended up in a fire�.�
370
00:36:13,946 --> 00:36:18,619
French Socialist leader L�on Blum wrote:
�What was needed in Germany
371
00:36:18,683 --> 00:36:22,452
was for the Communists and the
Social Democrats to fight together�.
372
00:36:27,305 --> 00:36:31,504
But the Social Democrats were
unwilling and as for the Communists,
373
00:36:31,568 --> 00:36:36,244
Moscow had given them their orders:
�No alliance with the Social Democrats!�,
374
00:36:36,308 --> 00:36:39,205
described as socio-traders.
375
00:36:42,823 --> 00:36:46,525
Stalin�s suicidal orders
were a gift to Hitler.
376
00:36:55,294 --> 00:37:00,794
Hitler suppressed the unions.
Now, on July 21, 1933,
377
00:37:00,858 --> 00:37:03,889
he outlaws the Social Democratic Party.
378
00:37:07,381 --> 00:37:09,881
SA and SS!
Heil!
379
00:37:12,541 --> 00:37:16,941
A magnificent era is before us.
380
00:37:17,541 --> 00:37:21,901
Germany has finally awakened.
381
00:37:22,461 --> 00:37:26,757
We have conquered power;
382
00:37:26,821 --> 00:37:30,381
now we must conquer
the German people!
383
00:37:30,829 --> 00:37:34,689
The German people, for their part,
can go on vacation.
384
00:37:35,563 --> 00:37:39,888
Henceforth, the Nazi Party
is the only legal party.
385
00:37:42,632 --> 00:37:46,918
Its anti-Semitic slogans don't
seem to stir many people up.
386
00:37:47,012 --> 00:37:50,180
They are largely indifferent to the
fate of their Jewish compatriots,
387
00:37:50,244 --> 00:37:56,466
who after all, only number 500,000,
less than 1% of the population.
388
00:38:00,899 --> 00:38:04,047
Have the German Jews
would manage to emigrate?
389
00:38:06,025 --> 00:38:09,891
Gerda Blachmann remembers:
�We succeeded in embarking
390
00:38:09,955 --> 00:38:13,066
on the condition of giving
up everything we owned�.
391
00:38:21,050 --> 00:38:24,631
The poorer German Jews
would be stuck in Germany.
392
00:38:25,883 --> 00:38:30,945
They would be deported to the Eastern
ghettos, then exterminated in the camps.
393
00:38:40,713 --> 00:38:45,591
Opponents to the regime would flee,
if they can, anywhere they can,
394
00:38:45,655 --> 00:38:48,758
especially to France,
where they would later be trapped
395
00:38:48,822 --> 00:38:52,934
by the German occupation in the war,
and handed over to the Nazis.
396
00:38:55,290 --> 00:38:58,934
Many of those, who cannot leave in time,
or who choose to stay,
397
00:38:58,998 --> 00:39:03,193
to carry on the struggle,
would be captured and martyred in the camps.
398
00:39:09,609 --> 00:39:13,598
The vast majority of Germans would
accept the totalitarian regime.
399
00:39:20,284 --> 00:39:26,121
Some would begin the day by hoisting the
swastika flag, Germany's official emblem.
400
00:39:40,815 --> 00:39:46,699
The others, know that Hitler had muzzled
the press, would read only Nazi newspapers.
401
00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:53,163
Their daughters too would
learn the compulsory salute.
402
00:39:54,773 --> 00:39:59,516
Their sons would enter the Hitlerjugend,
the Hitler Youth Movement,
403
00:39:59,580 --> 00:40:02,760
which will hone their aggressive tendencies.
404
00:40:05,572 --> 00:40:09,556
At school, teachers will show
pupils how to handle weapons.
405
00:40:28,148 --> 00:40:33,209
Teachers would have to use down-to-earth
Nazis sanctioned examples in math class,
406
00:40:33,273 --> 00:40:36,445
such as: �How much does a people cost?�
407
00:40:36,645 --> 00:40:41,292
A mentally handicapped young person
costs the state 1800 marks a year
408
00:40:41,356 --> 00:40:46,590
the average pupil 320 marks and a
brilliant pupil only 125 marks.
409
00:40:46,654 --> 00:40:52,662
Answer: �Society can only survive if
its citizens are genetically sound�.
410
00:40:53,574 --> 00:40:57,452
The older daughters would join the BDM,
the Bund Deutscher M�del,
411
00:40:57,516 --> 00:41:00,016
the League of German Girls.
412
00:41:00,889 --> 00:41:05,357
It trained girls to be good wives
and to bear many little soldiers.
413
00:41:07,771 --> 00:41:12,590
These would be killed at 10 years of age,
in the last combat actions in Berlin.
414
00:41:16,175 --> 00:41:21,227
However, the Germans are unaware
of all this in the summer of 1933.
415
00:41:25,215 --> 00:41:29,084
Hitler is not yet the
unchallenged supreme leader.
416
00:41:29,323 --> 00:41:34,407
To achieve this, he must continue
numbing the nation by his propaganda.
417
00:41:37,086 --> 00:41:41,693
Such as the film �Victory of Faith�,
that depicts the first Congress
418
00:41:41,757 --> 00:41:46,283
since the taking of power by the Nazi party,
now the only party.
419
00:41:52,470 --> 00:41:57,682
Hitler is well served by the talent of
the young director Lenny Riefenstahl,
420
00:41:57,746 --> 00:42:00,823
who charms him with her energy and beauty.
421
00:42:05,151 --> 00:42:11,418
With clever framing and lighting techniques,
she glorifies the new God of a new mystique;
422
00:42:11,482 --> 00:42:16,589
a mystique of race of the leader
of power and its apostles,
423
00:42:16,881 --> 00:42:22,925
like the most loyal of the loyal Rudolf Hess,
one of the writers of the anti-Jewish laws,
424
00:42:23,925 --> 00:42:28,917
like Joseph Goebbels, under whom propaganda
has become an important ministry,
425
00:42:29,359 --> 00:42:33,561
like Hermann G�ring,
who will resuscitate German aviation.
426
00:42:35,625 --> 00:42:41,942
And like Ernst R�hm, head of that
horde of fanatics, the Stormtroopers.
427
00:42:45,508 --> 00:42:50,234
Nothing gives cause to suspect that
this film would be banned a year later,
428
00:42:50,298 --> 00:42:53,579
because R�hm,
even though he has been Hitler's accomplice,
429
00:42:53,643 --> 00:42:58,896
since the failed putsch of 1923,
will be denounced as a traitor.
430
00:43:00,651 --> 00:43:06,185
Perhaps because, he is too close to Hitler
or because the SA is too big.
431
00:43:06,576 --> 00:43:11,547
With 2 million members,
it is a force that rivals the Army.
432
00:43:12,153 --> 00:43:17,755
Hitler, to gain the Army support, will
bring them into line and eliminate R�hm.
433
00:43:24,080 --> 00:43:29,562
It all begins the next summer, when Hitler
travels to Italy, to meet Mussolini in Venice.
434
00:43:36,070 --> 00:43:40,188
Hitler is impressed by his elder
counterpart, his role model.
435
00:43:41,837 --> 00:43:45,669
He is seeking Mussolini's approval
for his plan to annex Austria.
436
00:43:47,949 --> 00:43:52,723
Mussolini refuses; he doesn't want
Germans gathering on his borders,
437
00:43:52,787 --> 00:43:58,455
he doesn't warm to Hitler, saying:
�He makes me think of a talkative monk�.
438
00:44:02,765 --> 00:44:08,168
He takes him on a tour of Venice,
pointedly starting with his battleship fleet,
439
00:44:08,308 --> 00:44:11,315
while Hitler has no naval force.
440
00:44:12,932 --> 00:44:15,836
Hitler returns to Berlin, mortified.
441
00:44:16,390 --> 00:44:20,248
He understands now that until
he rebuilds the Armed Forces,
442
00:44:20,312 --> 00:44:23,367
he won't be able to carry out his plans.
443
00:44:29,486 --> 00:44:33,514
Hitler goes to observe the maneuvers
of the Reichswehr, the German Army,
444
00:44:33,578 --> 00:44:36,997
reduced by the Treaty of
Versailles to 100,000 men.
445
00:44:37,441 --> 00:44:40,448
Few in number but very well trained.
446
00:44:48,776 --> 00:44:53,205
Hitler knows that to wage war
he needs generals, admirals,
447
00:44:53,269 --> 00:44:57,472
competent officers,
strategists and trained specialists.
448
00:44:58,311 --> 00:45:01,863
He�s always promised to free the Army
of the straitjacket of Versailles
449
00:45:01,927 --> 00:45:04,567
and restore its troop and weapon strength.
450
00:45:06,911 --> 00:45:11,612
But the generals want more,
in particular, to get rid of R�hm.
451
00:45:13,062 --> 00:45:17,239
And his Stormtroopers, who are in
a position to supplant the Army.
452
00:45:27,963 --> 00:45:32,242
R�hm is also harshly criticized
for having delusions of grandeur.
453
00:45:33,774 --> 00:45:36,233
He steals the limelight from Hitler.
454
00:45:36,297 --> 00:45:39,525
Industrialists are worried
by his declaration that:
455
00:45:39,663 --> 00:45:42,911
�The national socialist
revolution is not over�.
456
00:45:43,145 --> 00:45:46,686
Goebbels says:
�He's a Bolshevik in the skies�.
457
00:45:51,468 --> 00:45:54,468
They have been partners in crime for 15 years
458
00:45:54,533 --> 00:45:58,502
but Hitler's decision is
firm - to eliminate R�hm,
459
00:45:58,601 --> 00:46:01,888
under the pretext that is
planned a coup d'�tat.
460
00:46:03,266 --> 00:46:07,764
Hitler chooses his executioners;
Himmler, head of the SS,
461
00:46:08,649 --> 00:46:13,538
Heydrich, head of the Gestapo, Sepp Dietrich,
462
00:46:13,602 --> 00:46:17,135
a former butcher who heads
the Fuehrer's bodyguard.
463
00:46:19,497 --> 00:46:23,537
Between June 30 and July 2, 1934,
464
00:46:23,630 --> 00:46:27,676
a period that Hitler calls
�The Night of the Long Knives�.
465
00:46:27,975 --> 00:46:32,156
The SS murders R�hm and 85
other potential opponents
466
00:46:32,220 --> 00:46:35,198
and embarrassing witnesses of Hitler's past.
467
00:46:45,549 --> 00:46:49,738
With R�hm gone,
the Stormtroopers lose all their influence
468
00:46:49,802 --> 00:46:52,302
and are deployed only to keep order.
469
00:46:55,572 --> 00:46:59,585
The Army is satisfied,
as are the industrial barons
470
00:46:59,728 --> 00:47:03,083
and Sepp Dietrich is promoted to SS general.
471
00:47:04,930 --> 00:47:08,962
When Lenny Riefenstahl directs her
next film �Triumph of the Will�
472
00:47:09,026 --> 00:47:11,839
on the Nazi party Congress of 1934,
473
00:47:11,903 --> 00:47:16,883
only black SS uniforms are
seen marching behind Himmler.
474
00:47:30,690 --> 00:47:34,806
Hitler is now alone at
the top of the pyramid.
475
00:47:36,728 --> 00:47:39,533
A month after the Night of the Long Knives,
476
00:47:39,597 --> 00:47:45,000
the last president of the Republic,
Marshall Hindenburg dies at age 87.
477
00:47:47,398 --> 00:47:50,835
Democracy has been dead
and buried for a long time.
478
00:47:51,178 --> 00:47:54,711
Totalitarianism continues
its implacable march.
479
00:47:55,276 --> 00:48:01,071
Hitler becomes commander of the
Armed Forces, his power is absolute.
480
00:48:01,348 --> 00:48:05,821
All the soldiers must swear
an oath of loyalty to the Fuehrer, our leader
481
00:48:05,885 --> 00:48:09,376
and the leader of the German people,
Adolf Hitler.
482
00:48:23,346 --> 00:48:27,847
Hitler attends the Bayreuth Festival
to enjoy the music of Wagner,
483
00:48:27,911 --> 00:48:30,411
his favorite composer.
484
00:48:37,063 --> 00:48:40,201
The composer's daughter-in-law,
Winifred Wagner,
485
00:48:40,265 --> 00:48:43,128
who supported him during
his difficult beginnings,
486
00:48:43,192 --> 00:48:46,476
welcomes him now as master of Germany.
487
00:48:49,989 --> 00:48:53,166
Hitler can now look back
at how far he has come.
488
00:48:53,257 --> 00:48:56,427
He�s achieved the demented dream of his youth;
489
00:48:57,031 --> 00:49:00,838
to incarnate Rienzi,
his favorite Wagnerian hero,
490
00:49:00,902 --> 00:49:04,772
who sacrifices himself for his adoring people.
491
00:49:15,038 --> 00:49:20,140
Like Siegfried, he set sail on the
North Sea pursuing his fantasies,
492
00:49:20,204 --> 00:49:24,458
accompanied by those who created
him but who can no longer control
493
00:49:24,522 --> 00:49:28,905
what has become the Golem,
a legendary creature of clay,
494
00:49:28,969 --> 00:49:32,871
who blinds human beings by his hellish power.
495
00:49:43,170 --> 00:49:46,900
Hitler will first appropriate
the successes of the Weimar Republic,
496
00:49:46,964 --> 00:49:51,614
such as the famous autobahns, which will
become showcases of the Nazi regime.
497
00:49:57,814 --> 00:50:01,675
Then Hitler will strike
by passing the Nuremberg race laws.
498
00:50:09,089 --> 00:50:13,420
He will burn synagogues to the
ground and the Kristallnacht pogrom,
499
00:50:14,204 --> 00:50:16,904
prelude to the final solution.
500
00:50:26,252 --> 00:50:28,608
He will violate the Treaty of Versailles,
501
00:50:28,672 --> 00:50:32,609
by re-occupying the
demilitarized zones of 1919.
502
00:50:34,871 --> 00:50:38,499
The weakness, shown by the lack of
reaction from France or England,
503
00:50:38,563 --> 00:50:43,853
will lead Mussolini to draw closer to Hitler,
allowing him to annex Austria,
504
00:50:44,208 --> 00:50:46,987
a step in what he calls �his mission�
505
00:50:47,201 --> 00:50:51,672
to integrate all the German-speaking
peoples into a greater Germany.
506
00:50:56,013 --> 00:50:59,244
He�ll intervene in the
blood he Spanish Civil War,
507
00:50:59,308 --> 00:51:03,298
sending his bombers to annihilate
the population of Guernica,
508
00:51:05,061 --> 00:51:10,335
ensuring victory for Franco's fascists
over the Spanish Republicans.
509
00:51:19,872 --> 00:51:25,151
He dreams of a great army, like Napoleon's,
510
00:51:26,723 --> 00:51:29,433
one he will lead to Moscow,
511
00:51:32,733 --> 00:51:36,589
although while proclaiming
his desire for peace.
512
00:51:36,981 --> 00:51:39,957
We want to be a single,
unified Reich,
513
00:51:40,021 --> 00:51:43,981
and for that,
you must prepare yourselves.
514
00:51:44,141 --> 00:51:48,237
We want the people
to be obedient,
515
00:51:48,301 --> 00:51:51,597
and you yourselves
must reach that goal.
516
00:51:51,661 --> 00:51:55,877
We want the people
to be peaceful
517
00:51:55,941 --> 00:51:58,157
as well as brave.
518
00:51:58,221 --> 00:52:01,781
And to be brave,
you must be peaceful!
519
00:52:16,923 --> 00:52:22,263
The Germans, drained by bombastic
speeches and showy demonstrations,
520
00:52:22,716 --> 00:52:25,348
will lose contact with reality.
521
00:52:29,472 --> 00:52:34,544
When Germany is ready, Hitler,
obstinate and ferocious,
522
00:52:34,608 --> 00:52:39,026
will drag it and the world
with it into a long night,
523
00:52:39,519 --> 00:52:43,625
peopled by the ghosts of over 50 million dead.
524
00:52:47,625 --> 00:53:03,625
TIMING & TRANSCRIPTION danel32
/eng. to.est@gmail.com/
525
00:53:04,305 --> 00:53:10,786
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